Verse 11

{ "verseID": "Joshua.12.11", "source": "מֶ֤לֶךְ יַרְמוּת֙ אֶחָ֔ד מֶ֥לֶךְ לָכִ֖ישׁ אֶחָֽד׃", "text": "*melek* *yarmût* one *melek* *lākîš* one", "grammar": { "*melek*": "noun, masculine singular construct - king of", "*yarmût*": "proper noun - Jarmuth", "*ʾeḥād*": "cardinal number - one", "*melek*": "noun, masculine singular construct - king of", "*lākîš*": "proper noun - Lachish", "*ʾeḥād*": "cardinal number - one" }, "variants": { "*melek*": "king, ruler, sovereign" } }

Other Translations

Referenced Verses

  • Josh 10:3-9 : 3 { "verseID": "Joshua.10.3", "source": "וַיִּשְׁלַ֨ח אֲדֹנִי־צֶ֜דֶק מֶ֣לֶךְ יְרוּשָׁלִַ֗ם אֶל־הוֹהָ֣ם מֶֽלֶךְ־חֶ֠בְרוֹן וְאֶל־פִּרְאָ֨ם מֶֽלֶךְ־יַרְמ֜וּת וְאֶל־יָפִ֧יעַ מֶֽלֶךְ־לָכִ֛ישׁ וְאֶל־דְּבִ֥יר מֶֽלֶךְ־עֶגְל֖וֹן לֵאמֹֽר", "text": "And *wayyišlaḥ* *ʾăḏōnî-ṣeḏeq* king of *yərûšālaim* to-*hôhām* king-of-*ḥebrôn* and to-*pirəʾām* king-of-*yarmût* and to-*yāp̄îaʿ* king-of-*lāḵîš* and to-*dəḇîr* king-of-*ʿeglôn* *lēmōr*", "grammar": { "*wayyišlaḥ*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he sent", "*ʾăḏōnî-ṣeḏeq*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Adoni-Zedek", "*yərûšālaim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*hôhām*": "proper noun - Hoham", "*ḥebrôn*": "proper noun - Hebron", "*pirəʾām*": "proper noun - Piram", "*yarmût*": "proper noun - Jarmuth", "*yāp̄îaʿ*": "proper noun - Japhia", "*lāḵîš*": "proper noun - Lachish", "*dəḇîr*": "proper noun - Debir", "*ʿeglôn*": "proper noun - Eglon", "*lēmōr*": "preposition with infinitive construct - saying" }, "variants": { "*wayyišlaḥ*": "and he sent/dispatched/commissioned", "*lēmōr*": "saying/to say/declaring" } } 4 { "verseID": "Joshua.10.4", "source": "עֲלֽוּ־אֵלַ֣י וְעִזְרֻ֔נִי וְנַכֶּ֖ה אֶת־גִּבְע֑וֹן כִּֽי־הִשְׁלִ֥ימָה אֶת־יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ וְאֶת־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל", "text": "*ʿălû*-to-me and *ʿizrūnî* and *nakkeh* *ʾet*-*gibəʿôn* because-*hišlîmāh* *ʾet*-*yəhôšuaʿ* and *ʾet*-sons of *yiśrāʾēl*", "grammar": { "*ʿălû*": "imperative, masculine plural - come up/go up", "*ʿizrūnî*": "imperative, masculine plural with 1st person singular suffix - help me", "*nakkeh*": "imperfect, 1st person plural, cohortative - let us strike", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*gibəʿôn*": "proper noun - Gibeon", "*hišlîmāh*": "perfect, 3rd person feminine singular, hiphil stem - it made peace", "*yəhôšuaʿ*": "proper noun - Joshua", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*ʿălû*": "come up/ascend/go up", "*ʿizrūnî*": "help me/assist me/support me", "*nakkeh*": "let us strike/smite/attack", "*hišlîmāh*": "it made peace/allied itself/came to terms" } } 5 { "verseID": "Joshua.10.5", "source": "וַיֵּאָסְפ֨וּ וַֽיַּעֲל֜וּ חֲמֵ֣שֶׁת ׀ מַלְכֵ֣י הָאֱמֹרִ֗י מֶ֣לֶךְ יְרוּשָׁלִַ֜ם מֶֽלֶךְ־חֶבְר֤וֹן מֶֽלֶךְ־יַרְמוּת֙ מֶֽלֶךְ־לָכִ֣ישׁ מֶֽלֶךְ־עֶגְל֔וֹן הֵ֖ם וְכָל־מַֽחֲנֵיהֶ֑ם וַֽיַּחֲנוּ֙ עַל־גִּבְע֔וֹן וַיִּֽלָּחֲמ֖וּ עָלֶֽיהָ", "text": "And *wayyēʾāsəp̄û* and *wayyaʿălû* five of kings of *hāʾĕmōrî*, king of *yərûšālaim*, king-of-*ḥebrôn*, king-of-*yarmût*, king-of-*lāḵîš*, king-of-*ʿeglôn*, they and all-camps-their, and *wayyaḥănû* against-*gibəʿôn* and *wayyillāḥămû* against-her", "grammar": { "*wayyēʾāsəp̄û*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural, niphal stem - and they gathered", "*wayyaʿălû*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - and they went up", "*hāʾĕmōrî*": "proper noun with definite article - the Amorites", "*yərûšālaim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*ḥebrôn*": "proper noun - Hebron", "*yarmût*": "proper noun - Jarmuth", "*lāḵîš*": "proper noun - Lachish", "*ʿeglôn*": "proper noun - Eglon", "*wayyaḥănû*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - and they encamped", "*gibəʿôn*": "proper noun - Gibeon", "*wayyillāḥămû*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural, niphal stem - and they fought", "*ʿāleyha*": "preposition with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - against her" }, "variants": { "*wayyēʾāsəp̄û*": "and they gathered/assembled/came together", "*wayyaʿălû*": "and they went up/ascended/came up", "*hāʾĕmōrî*": "the Amorites/Amorite people", "*wayyaḥănû*": "and they encamped/camped/set up camp", "*wayyillāḥămû*": "and they fought/waged war/battled" } } 6 { "verseID": "Joshua.10.6", "source": "וַיִּשְׁלְח֣וּ אַנְשֵׁי֩ גִבְע֨וֹן אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֤עַ אֶל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶה֙ הַגִּלְגָּ֣לָה לֵאמֹ֔ר אַל־תֶּ֥רֶף יָדֶ֖יךָ מֵֽעֲבָדֶ֑יךָ עֲלֵ֧ה אֵלֵ֣ינוּ מְהֵרָ֗ה וְהוֹשִׁ֤יעָה לָּ֙נוּ֙ וְעָזְרֵ֔נוּ כִּ֚י נִקְבְּצ֣וּ אֵלֵ֔ינוּ כָּל־מַלְכֵ֥י הָאֱמֹרִ֖י יֹשְׁבֵ֥י הָהָֽר", "text": "And *wayyišləḥû* men of *gibəʿôn* to-*yəhôšuaʿ* to-*hammaḥăneh* *haggiləgālāh* *lēmōr*, do not-*terep̄* hands-your from-servants-your; *ʿălēh* to-us *məhērāh* and *hôšîʿāh* to-us and *ʿāzərēnû*, because *niqbəṣû* to-us all-kings of *hāʾĕmōrî* dwellers of *hāhār*", "grammar": { "*wayyišləḥû*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - and they sent", "*gibəʿôn*": "proper noun - Gibeon", "*yəhôšuaʿ*": "proper noun - Joshua", "*hammaḥăneh*": "noun with definite article - the camp", "*haggiləgālāh*": "proper noun with definite article and directional he - to Gilgal", "*lēmōr*": "preposition with infinitive construct - saying", "*terep̄*": "imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular, hiphil stem - let drop/relax", "*ʿălēh*": "imperative, masculine singular - come up", "*məhērāh*": "adverb - quickly", "*hôšîʿāh*": "imperative, masculine singular, hiphil stem - save", "*ʿāzərēnû*": "imperative, masculine singular with 1st person plural suffix - help us", "*niqbəṣû*": "perfect, 3rd person plural, niphal stem - they have gathered", "*hāʾĕmōrî*": "proper noun with definite article - the Amorites", "*hāhār*": "noun with definite article - the hill/mountain" }, "variants": { "*wayyišləḥû*": "and they sent/dispatched/commissioned", "*terep̄*": "let drop/relax/withdraw", "*ʿălēh*": "come up/ascend/go up", "*məhērāh*": "quickly/speedily/hastily", "*hôšîʿāh*": "save/rescue/deliver", "*ʿāzərēnû*": "help us/assist us/support us", "*niqbəṣû*": "they have gathered/assembled/come together", "*hāhār*": "the hill country/mountain/highlands" } } 7 { "verseID": "Joshua.10.7", "source": "וַיַּ֨עַל יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ מִן־הַגִּלְגָּ֗ל ה֚וּא וְכָל־עַ֤ם הַמִּלְחָמָה֙ עִמּ֔וֹ וְכֹ֖ל גִּבּוֹרֵ֥י הֶחָֽיִל", "text": "And *wayyaʿal* *yəhôšuaʿ* from-*haggiləgāl*, he and all-people of *hammilḥāmāh* with-him, and all *gibbôrê* *heḥāyil*", "grammar": { "*wayyaʿal*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he went up", "*yəhôšuaʿ*": "proper noun - Joshua", "*haggiləgāl*": "proper noun with definite article - the Gilgal", "*hammilḥāmāh*": "noun with definite article - the war/battle", "*gibbôrê*": "adjective, masculine plural construct - mighty men of", "*heḥāyil*": "noun with definite article - the valor/strength" }, "variants": { "*wayyaʿal*": "and he went up/ascended/came up", "*hammilḥāmāh*": "the war/battle/fighting", "*gibbôrê*": "mighty men of/warriors of/valiant men of", "*heḥāyil*": "the valor/strength/force/army" } } 8 { "verseID": "Joshua.10.8", "source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֤ה אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֙עַ֙ אַל־תִּירָ֣א מֵהֶ֔ם כִּ֥י בְיָדְךָ֖ נְתַתִּ֑ים לֹֽא־יַעֲמֹ֥ד אִ֛ישׁ מֵהֶ֖ם בְּפָנֶֽיךָ", "text": "And *wayyōmer* *YHWH* to-*yəhôšuaʿ*, do not-*tîrā* from-them for in-hand-your *nətattîm*; not-*yaʿămōd* man from-them in-face-your", "grammar": { "*wayyōmer*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he said", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*yəhôšuaʿ*": "proper noun - Joshua", "*tîrā*": "imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular, qal stem - fear", "*nətattîm*": "perfect, 1st person singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - I have given them", "*yaʿămōd*": "imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will stand" }, "variants": { "*wayyōmer*": "and he said/spoke/uttered", "*tîrā*": "fear/be afraid of/dread", "*nətattîm*": "I have given them/delivered them/handed them over", "*yaʿămōd*": "he will stand/withstand/endure" } } 9 { "verseID": "Joshua.10.9", "source": "וַיָּבֹ֧א אֲלֵיהֶ֛ם יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ פִּתְאֹ֑ם כָּל־הַלַּ֕יְלָה עָלָ֖ה מִן־הַגִּלְגָּֽל", "text": "And *wayyāḇō* to-them *yəhôšuaʿ* *pitəʾōm*; all-*hallaylāh* *ʿālāh* from-*haggiləgāl*", "grammar": { "*wayyāḇō*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he came", "*yəhôšuaʿ*": "proper noun - Joshua", "*pitəʾōm*": "adverb - suddenly", "*hallaylāh*": "noun with definite article - the night", "*ʿālāh*": "perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he went up", "*haggiləgāl*": "proper noun with definite article - the Gilgal" }, "variants": { "*wayyāḇō*": "and he came/arrived/approached", "*pitəʾōm*": "suddenly/unexpectedly/by surprise", "*ʿālāh*": "he went up/ascended/marched" } } 10 { "verseID": "Joshua.10.10", "source": "וַיְהֻמֵּ֤ם יְהוָה֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיַּכֵּ֥ם מַכָּֽה־גְדוֹלָ֖ה בְּגִבְע֑וֹן וַֽיִּרְדְּפֵ֗ם דֶּ֚רֶךְ מַעֲלֵ֣ה בֵית־חוֹרֹ֔ן וַיַּכֵּ֥ם עַד־עֲזֵקָ֖ה וְעַד־מַקֵּדָֽה", "text": "And *wayəhummēm* *YHWH* before *yiśrāʾēl*, and *wayyakkēm* *makkāh*-*gəḏôlāh* in *gibəʿôn*; and *wayyirədəp̄ēm* way of ascent of *bêt-ḥôrōn*, and *wayyakkēm* until-*ʿăzēqāh* and until-*maqqēḏāh*", "grammar": { "*wayəhummēm*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix, hiphil stem - and he confused them", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*wayyakkēm*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix, hiphil stem - and he struck them", "*makkāh*": "noun, feminine singular construct - striking of", "*gəḏôlāh*": "adjective, feminine singular - great", "*gibəʿôn*": "proper noun - Gibeon", "*wayyirədəp̄ēm*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - and he pursued them", "*bêt-ḥôrōn*": "proper noun - Beth-horon", "*ʿăzēqāh*": "proper noun - Azekah", "*maqqēḏāh*": "proper noun - Makkedah" }, "variants": { "*wayəhummēm*": "and he confused them/threw them into panic/discomfited them", "*wayyakkēm*": "and he struck them/smote them/attacked them", "*makkāh*": "striking/blow/defeat", "*gəḏôlāh*": "great/large/severe", "*wayyirədəp̄ēm*": "and he pursued them/chased them/followed after them" } } 11 { "verseID": "Joshua.10.11", "source": "וַיְהִ֞י בְּנֻסָ֣ם ׀ מִפְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל הֵ֞ם בְּמוֹרַ֤ד בֵּית־חוֹרֹן֙ וַֽיהוָ֡ה הִשְׁלִ֣יךְ עֲלֵיהֶם֩ אֲבָנִ֨ים גְּדֹל֧וֹת מִן־הַשָּׁמַ֛יִם עַד־עֲזֵקָ֖ה וַיָּמֻ֑תוּ רַבִּ֗ים אֲשֶׁר־מֵ֙תוּ֙ בְּאַבְנֵ֣י הַבָּרָ֔ד מֵאֲשֶׁ֥ר הָרְג֛וּ בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בֶּחָֽרֶב", "text": "And *wayəhî* in *nusām* from before *yiśrāʾēl*, they in descent of *bêt-ḥôrōn*, and *YHWH* *hišlîḵ* upon-them stones *gəḏōlôt* from-*haššāmayim* until-*ʿăzēqāh*, and *wayyāmutû*; many who-*mētû* by stones of *habbārāḏ* than which *hārəgû* sons of *yiśrāʾēl* with *heḥāreḇ*", "grammar": { "*wayəhî*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and it happened", "*nusām*": "infinitive construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their fleeing", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*bêt-ḥôrōn*": "proper noun - Beth-horon", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*hišlîḵ*": "perfect, 3rd person masculine singular, hiphil stem - he threw down", "*gəḏōlôt*": "adjective, feminine plural - large", "*haššāmayim*": "noun with definite article - the heavens", "*ʿăzēqāh*": "proper noun - Azekah", "*wayyāmutû*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - and they died", "*mētû*": "perfect, 3rd person plural - they died", "*habbārāḏ*": "noun with definite article - the hail", "*hārəgû*": "perfect, 3rd person plural - they killed", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*heḥāreḇ*": "noun with definite article - the sword" }, "variants": { "*wayəhî*": "and it happened/came to pass/was", "*nusām*": "their fleeing/escaping/running away", "*hišlîḵ*": "he threw down/cast down/hurled", "*gəḏōlôt*": "large/great/huge", "*haššāmayim*": "the heavens/sky", "*wayyāmutû*": "and they died/perished", "*mētû*": "they died/perished", "*habbārāḏ*": "the hail/hailstones", "*hārəgû*": "they killed/slew/slaughtered", "*heḥāreḇ*": "the sword/weapon" } } 12 { "verseID": "Joshua.10.12", "source": "אָ֣ז יְדַבֵּ֤ר יְהוֹשֻׁעָ֙‪[c]‬ לַֽיהוָ֔ה בְּי֗וֹם תֵּ֤ת יְהוָה֙ אֶת־הָ֣אֱמֹרִ֔י לִפְנֵ֖י בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ׀ לְעֵינֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל שֶׁ֚מֶשׁ בְּגִבְע֣וֹן דּ֔וֹם וְיָרֵ֖חַ בְּעֵ֥מֶק אַיָּלֽוֹן", "text": "Then *yəḏabbēr* *yəhôšuaʿ* to-*YHWH* in day *tēt* *YHWH* *ʾet*-*hāʾĕmōrî* before sons of *yiśrāʾēl*, and *wayyōmer* to eyes of *yiśrāʾēl*: *šemeš* in *gibəʿôn* *dôm* and *yārēaḥ* in valley of *ʾayyālôn*", "grammar": { "*yəḏabbēr*": "imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular, piel stem - he spoke", "*yəhôšuaʿ*": "proper noun - Joshua", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*tēt*": "infinitive construct - giving", "*hāʾĕmōrî*": "proper noun with definite article - the Amorites", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*wayyōmer*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he said", "*šemeš*": "noun, common singular - sun", "*gibəʿôn*": "proper noun - Gibeon", "*dôm*": "imperative, masculine singular - be still", "*yārēaḥ*": "noun, common singular - moon", "*ʾayyālôn*": "proper noun - Aijalon" }, "variants": { "*yəḏabbēr*": "he spoke/said/declared", "*tēt*": "giving/delivering/handing over", "*hāʾĕmōrî*": "the Amorites/Amorite people", "*wayyōmer*": "and he said/spoke/commanded", "*šemeš*": "sun/sunlight", "*dôm*": "be still/stop/stand silent", "*yārēaḥ*": "moon/lunar body" } } 13 { "verseID": "Joshua.10.13", "source": "וַיִּדֹּ֨ם הַשֶּׁ֜מֶשׁ וְיָרֵ֣חַ עָמָ֗ד עַד־יִקֹּ֥ם גּוֹי֙ אֹֽיְבָ֔יו הֲלֹא־הִ֥יא כְתוּבָ֖ה עַל־סֵ֣פֶר הַיָּשָׁ֑ר וַיַּעֲמֹ֤ד הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙ בַּחֲצִ֣י הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וְלֹא־אָ֥ץ לָב֖וֹא כְּי֥וֹם תָּמִֽים׃", "text": "*wə-yīddōm* the *šemeš* and *yārēaḥ* *ʿāmād* until *yīqqōm* *gôy* *ʾōyəbāyw* *hă-lōʾ-hîʾ* *kətûbâ* on *sēper* the *yāšār* and *wə-yaʿămōd* the *šemeš* in *ḥăṣî* the *šāmayīm* and not *ʾāṣ* to *lābôʾ* like *yôm* *tāmîm*", "grammar": { "*wə-yīddōm*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and became silent/stopped", "*šemeš*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the sun", "*yārēaḥ*": "noun, masculine singular - moon", "*ʿāmād*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - stood/stayed", "*yīqqōm*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - would avenge itself", "*gôy*": "noun, masculine singular - nation", "*ʾōyəbāyw*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his enemies", "*hă-lōʾ-hîʾ*": "interrogative particle + negative particle + 3rd feminine singular pronoun - is it not?", "*kətûbâ*": "Qal passive participle, feminine singular - written", "*sēper*": "noun, masculine singular construct - book of", "*yāšār*": "noun/adjective, masculine singular with definite article - the upright/just", "*wə-yaʿămōd*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and stood/remained", "*ḥăṣî*": "noun, masculine singular construct - middle/half of", "*šāmayīm*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the heavens/sky", "*ʾāṣ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - hastened", "*lābôʾ*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to come/go", "*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular - day", "*tāmîm*": "adjective, masculine singular - complete/whole" }, "variants": { "*wə-yīddōm*": "became silent/stood still/ceased", "*šemeš*": "sun", "*yārēaḥ*": "moon", "*ʿāmād*": "stood/stayed/halted", "*yīqqōm*": "took vengeance/avenged itself/vindicated", "*gôy*": "nation/people", "*ʾōyəbāyw*": "his enemies/adversaries", "*kətûbâ*": "written/recorded", "*sēper*": "book/scroll/document", "*yāšār*": "the Upright/Jashar/the Just", "*ḥăṣî*": "half/middle/midst", "*šāmayīm*": "heavens/sky", "*ʾāṣ*": "hastened/hurried/rushed", "*lābôʾ*": "to go/to come/to enter", "*tāmîm*": "complete/whole/perfect/full" } } 14 { "verseID": "Joshua.10.14", "source": "וְלֹ֨א הָיָ֜ה כַּיּ֤וֹם הַהוּא֙ לְפָנָ֣יו וְאַחֲרָ֔יו לִשְׁמֹ֥עַ יְהוָ֖ה בְּק֣וֹל אִ֑ישׁ כִּ֣י יְהוָ֔ה נִלְחָ֖ם לְיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "And not *hāyâ* like the *yôm* that *lə-pānāyw* and *ʾaḥărāyw* *lišmōaʿ* *YHWH* to *qôl* *ʾîš* because *YHWH* *nilḥām* for *Yiśrāʾēl*", "grammar": { "*hāyâ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - was/existed", "*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the day", "*lə-pānāyw*": "preposition + noun, plural construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - before it/him", "*ʾaḥărāyw*": "preposition + noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - after it/him", "*lišmōaʿ*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to listen/hear/obey", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*qôl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - voice of", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man/person", "*nilḥām*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - fought", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*hāyâ*": "was/happened/existed", "*yôm*": "day/time", "*lə-pānāyw*": "before it/before him/previously", "*ʾaḥărāyw*": "after it/after him/afterward", "*lišmōaʿ*": "to hear/to listen/to obey", "*qôl*": "voice/sound", "*ʾîš*": "man/person/individual", "*nilḥām*": "fought/battled", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "Israel" } } 15 { "verseID": "Joshua.10.15", "source": "וַיָּ֤שָׁב יְהוֹשֻׁ֙עַ֙ וְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל עִמּ֔וֹ אֶל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֖ה הַגִּלְגָּֽלָה׃", "text": "And *wə-yāšāb* *Yəhôšuaʿ* and all *Yiśrāʾēl* *ʿimmô* to the *maḥăneh* the *Gilgālâ*", "grammar": { "*wə-yāšāb*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and returned", "*Yəhôšuaʿ*": "proper noun - Joshua", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ʿimmô*": "preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - with him", "*maḥăneh*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the camp", "*Gilgālâ*": "proper noun with directional heh - to Gilgal" }, "variants": { "*wə-yāšāb*": "returned/went back", "*Yəhôšuaʿ*": "Joshua", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "Israel", "*ʿimmô*": "with him/alongside him", "*maḥăneh*": "camp/encampment", "*Gilgālâ*": "Gilgal (place name)" } } 16 { "verseID": "Joshua.10.16", "source": "וַיָּנֻ֕סוּ חֲמֵ֖שֶׁת הַמְּלָכִ֣ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה וַיֵּחָבְא֥וּ בַמְּעָרָ֖ה בְּמַקֵּדָֽה׃", "text": "And *wə-yānusu* five the *məlākîm* these and *wə-yēḥābəʾû* in the *məʿārâ* in *Maqqēdâ*", "grammar": { "*wə-yānusu*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they fled", "*məlākîm*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the kings", "*wə-yēḥābəʾû*": "waw consecutive + Niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they hid themselves", "*məʿārâ*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the cave", "*Maqqēdâ*": "proper noun - Makkedah (place name)" }, "variants": { "*wə-yānusu*": "fled/escaped/ran away", "*məlākîm*": "kings/rulers", "*wə-yēḥābəʾû*": "hid themselves/concealed themselves", "*məʿārâ*": "cave/cavern", "*Maqqēdâ*": "Makkedah (place name)" } } 17 { "verseID": "Joshua.10.17", "source": "וַיֻּגַּ֖ד לִיהוֹשֻׁ֣עַ לֵאמֹ֑ר נִמְצְאוּ֙ חֲמֵ֣שֶׁת הַמְּלָכִ֔ים נֶחְבְּאִ֥ים בַּמְּעָרָ֖ה בְּמַקֵּדָֽה׃", "text": "And *wə-yuggad* to *Yəhôšuaʿ* *lēʾmōr* *nimṣəʾû* five the *məlākîm* *neḥbəʾîm* in the *məʿārâ* in *Maqqēdâ*", "grammar": { "*wə-yuggad*": "waw consecutive + Hophal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it was told", "*Yəhôšuaʿ*": "proper noun - Joshua", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - saying", "*nimṣəʾû*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd common plural - they were found", "*məlākîm*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the kings", "*neḥbəʾîm*": "Niphal participle, masculine plural - hiding themselves", "*məʿārâ*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the cave", "*Maqqēdâ*": "proper noun - Makkedah (place name)" }, "variants": { "*wə-yuggad*": "it was told/it was reported/it was announced", "*Yəhôšuaʿ*": "Joshua", "*lēʾmōr*": "saying", "*nimṣəʾû*": "they were found/they have been discovered", "*məlākîm*": "kings/rulers", "*neḥbəʾîm*": "hiding/concealing themselves", "*məʿārâ*": "cave/cavern", "*Maqqēdâ*": "Makkedah (place name)" } } 18 { "verseID": "Joshua.10.18", "source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ גֹּ֛לּוּ אֲבָנִ֥ים גְּדֹל֖וֹת אֶל־פִּ֣י הַמְּעָרָ֑ה וְהַפְקִ֧ידוּ עָלֶ֛יהָ אֲנָשִׁ֖ים לְשָׁמְרָֽם׃", "text": "And *wə-yōʾmer* *Yəhôšuaʿ* *gōllû* *ʾăbānîm* *gədōlôt* to *pî* the *məʿārâ* and *wə-hapqîdû* over it *ʾănāšîm* *lə-šāmrām*", "grammar": { "*wə-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*Yəhôšuaʿ*": "proper noun - Joshua", "*gōllû*": "Qal imperative, masculine plural - roll", "*ʾăbānîm*": "noun, feminine plural - stones", "*gədōlôt*": "adjective, feminine plural - large/great", "*pî*": "noun, masculine singular construct - mouth of", "*məʿārâ*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the cave", "*wə-hapqîdû*": "waw consecutive + Hiphil imperative, masculine plural - and appoint", "*ʾănāšîm*": "noun, masculine plural - men", "*lə-šāmrām*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - to guard them" }, "variants": { "*wə-yōʾmer*": "said/spoke", "*Yəhôšuaʿ*": "Joshua", "*gōllû*": "roll/move", "*ʾăbānîm*": "stones/rocks", "*gədōlôt*": "large/great/big", "*pî*": "mouth/opening/entrance", "*məʿārâ*": "cave/cavern", "*wə-hapqîdû*": "appoint/assign/station", "*ʾănāšîm*": "men/people", "*lə-šāmrām*": "to guard them/to watch them/to keep them" } } 19 { "verseID": "Joshua.10.19", "source": "וְאַתֶּם֙ אַֽל־תַּעֲמֹ֔דוּ רִדְפוּ֙ אַחֲרֵ֣י אֹֽיְבֵיכֶ֔ם וְזִנַּבְתֶּ֖ם אוֹתָ֑ם אַֽל־תִּתְּנ֗וּם לָבוֹא֙ אֶל־עָ֣רֵיהֶ֔ם כִּ֧י נְתָנָ֛ם יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֖ם בְּיֶדְכֶֽם׃", "text": "And *ʾattem* not *taʿămōdû* *ridpû* after *ʾōyəbêkem* and *wə-zinnabtem* them not *tittənûm* *lābôʾ* to *ʿārêhem* because *nətānām* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêkem* in *yedkem*", "grammar": { "*ʾattem*": "2nd masculine plural pronoun - you", "*taʿămōdû*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural with negative particle - do not stand", "*ridpû*": "Qal imperative, masculine plural - pursue", "*ʾōyəbêkem*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your enemies", "*wə-zinnabtem*": "waw consecutive + Piel perfect, 2nd masculine plural - and attack their rear", "*tittənûm*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural with negative particle + 3rd masculine plural suffix - do not allow them", "*lābôʾ*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to enter/come", "*ʿārêhem*": "noun, feminine plural construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their cities", "*nətānām*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - he has given them", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*ʾĕlōhêkem*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your God", "*yedkem*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your hand" }, "variants": { "*ʾattem*": "you (plural)", "*taʿămōdû*": "stand/stay/stop", "*ridpû*": "pursue/chase/follow", "*ʾōyəbêkem*": "your enemies/your adversaries", "*wə-zinnabtem*": "attack their rear/cut off their rear/strike their tail", "*tittənûm*": "allow them/permit them/let them", "*lābôʾ*": "to enter/to come/to go", "*ʿārêhem*": "their cities/their towns", "*nətānām*": "has given them/has delivered them", "*ʾĕlōhêkem*": "your God", "*yedkem*": "your hand/your power/your control" } } 20 { "verseID": "Joshua.10.20", "source": "וַיְהִי֩ כְּכַלּ֨וֹת יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ וּבְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל לְהַכּוֹתָ֛ם מַכָּ֥ה גְדוֹלָֽה־מְאֹ֖ד עַד־תֻּמָּ֑ם וְהַשְּׂרִידִים֙ שָׂרְד֣וּ מֵהֶ֔ם וַיָּבֹ֖אוּ אֶל־עָרֵ֥י הַמִּבְצָֽר׃", "text": "And *wə-yəhî* when *kə-kallôt* *Yəhôšuaʿ* and *bənê* *Yiśrāʾēl* *lə-hakôtām* *makkâ* *gədôlâ-məʾōd* until *tummām* and the *śərîdîm* *śārədû* from them and *wə-yābōʾû* to *ʿārê* the *mibṣār*", "grammar": { "*wə-yəhî*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular of היה - and it happened", "*kə-kallôt*": "preposition + Piel infinitive construct - when finished", "*Yəhôšuaʿ*": "proper noun - Joshua", "*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*lə-hakôtām*": "preposition + Hiphil infinitive construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - to strike them", "*makkâ*": "noun, feminine singular - blow/strike", "*gədôlâ-məʾōd*": "adjective, feminine singular + adverb - very great", "*tummām*": "Qal infinitive construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their completion/being finished", "*śərîdîm*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the survivors", "*śārədû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd common plural - survived", "*wə-yābōʾû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they entered", "*ʿārê*": "noun, feminine plural construct - cities of", "*mibṣār*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the fortress/fortification" }, "variants": { "*wə-yəhî*": "it happened/it came to pass", "*kə-kallôt*": "when finished/when completed", "*bənê*": "sons of/children of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "Israel", "*lə-hakôtām*": "to strike them/to defeat them", "*makkâ*": "defeat/blow/slaughter", "*gədôlâ-məʾōd*": "very great/very large", "*tummām*": "their completion/until they were finished", "*śərîdîm*": "survivors/remnant/those who remained", "*śārədû*": "survived/escaped/remained", "*wə-yābōʾû*": "entered/went/came", "*ʿārê*": "cities of/towns of", "*mibṣār*": "fortification/fortress/fortified place" } } 21 { "verseID": "Joshua.10.21", "source": "וַיָּשֻׁבוּ֩ כָל־הָעָ֨ם אֶל־הַמַּחֲנֶ֧ה אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֛עַ מַקֵּדָ֖ה בְּשָׁל֑וֹם לֹֽא־חָרַ֞ץ לִבְנֵ֧י יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל לְאִ֖ישׁ אֶת־לְשֹׁנֽוֹ׃", "text": "And *wə-yāšubû* all the *ʿām* to the *maḥăneh* to *Yəhôšuaʿ* *Maqqēdâ* in *šālôm* not *ḥāraṣ* to *bənê* *Yiśrāʾēl* to *ʾîš* *ʾet-ləšōnô*", "grammar": { "*wə-yāšubû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they returned", "*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the people", "*maḥăneh*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the camp", "*Yəhôšuaʿ*": "proper noun - Joshua", "*Maqqēdâ*": "proper noun - Makkedah", "*šālôm*": "noun, masculine singular - peace", "*ḥāraṣ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular with negative particle - did not sharpen/point", "*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man", "*ʾet-ləšōnô*": "direct object marker + noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his tongue" }, "variants": { "*wə-yāšubû*": "returned/came back", "*ʿām*": "people/nation", "*maḥăneh*": "camp/encampment", "*Yəhôšuaʿ*": "Joshua", "*Maqqēdâ*": "Makkedah (place name)", "*šālôm*": "peace/safety/welfare", "*ḥāraṣ*": "sharpen/point/move (idiomatically: harm/oppose/criticize)", "*bənê*": "sons of/children of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "Israel", "*ʾîš*": "man/anyone/person", "*ʾet-ləšōnô*": "his tongue (idiomatically: spoke against/criticized)" } } 22 { "verseID": "Joshua.10.22", "source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ פִּתְח֖וּ אֶת־פִּ֣י הַמְּעָרָ֑ה וְהוֹצִ֣יאוּ אֵלַ֗י אֶת־חֲמֵ֛שֶׁת הַמְּלָכִ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה מִן־הַמְּעָרָֽה׃", "text": "And *wə-yōʾmer* *Yəhôšuaʿ* *pitḥû* *ʾet-pî* the *məʿārâ* and *wə-hôṣîʾû* to me *ʾet-ḥămēšet* the *məlākîm* these from the *məʿārâ*", "grammar": { "*wə-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*Yəhôšuaʿ*": "proper noun - Joshua", "*pitḥû*": "Qal imperative, masculine plural - open", "*ʾet-pî*": "direct object marker + noun, masculine singular construct - the mouth of", "*məʿārâ*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the cave", "*wə-hôṣîʾû*": "waw consecutive + Hiphil imperative, masculine plural - and bring out", "*ʾet-ḥămēšet*": "direct object marker + numeral, feminine construct - five of", "*məlākîm*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the kings", "*məʿārâ*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the cave" }, "variants": { "*wə-yōʾmer*": "said/spoke", "*Yəhôšuaʿ*": "Joshua", "*pitḥû*": "open/uncover", "*ʾet-pî*": "the mouth of/the opening of/the entrance of", "*məʿārâ*": "cave/cavern", "*wə-hôṣîʾû*": "bring out/lead out", "*ʾet-ḥămēšet*": "five of", "*məlākîm*": "kings/rulers" } } 23 { "verseID": "Joshua.10.23", "source": "וַיַּ֣עֲשׂוּ כֵ֔ן וַיֹּצִ֣יאוּ אֵלָ֗יו אֶת־חֲמֵ֛שֶׁת הַמְּלָכִ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה מִן־הַמְּעָרָ֑ה אֵ֣ת ׀ מֶ֣לֶךְ יְרוּשָׁלִַ֗ם אֶת־מֶ֤לֶךְ חֶבְרוֹן֙ אֶת־מֶ֣לֶךְ יַרְמ֔וּת אֶת־מֶ֥לֶךְ לָכִ֖ישׁ אֶת־מֶ֥לֶךְ עֶגְלֽוֹן׃", "text": "And *wə-yaʿăśû* thus and *wə-yōṣîʾû* to him *ʾet-ḥămēšet* the *məlākîm* these from the *məʿārâ* *ʾēt* *melek* *Yərûšālaim* *ʾet-melek* *Ḥebrôn* *ʾet-melek* *Yarmût* *ʾet-melek* *Lākîš* *ʾet-melek* *ʿEglôn*", "grammar": { "*wə-yaʿăśû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they did", "*wə-yōṣîʾû*": "waw consecutive + Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they brought out", "*ʾet-ḥămēšet*": "direct object marker + numeral, feminine construct - five of", "*məlākîm*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the kings", "*məʿārâ*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the cave", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*melek*": "noun, masculine singular construct - king of", "*Yərûšālaim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*ʾet-melek*": "direct object marker + noun, masculine singular construct - king of", "*Ḥebrôn*": "proper noun - Hebron", "*ʾet-melek*": "direct object marker + noun, masculine singular construct - king of", "*Yarmût*": "proper noun - Jarmuth", "*ʾet-melek*": "direct object marker + noun, masculine singular construct - king of", "*Lākîš*": "proper noun - Lachish", "*ʾet-melek*": "direct object marker + noun, masculine singular construct - king of", "*ʿEglôn*": "proper noun - Eglon" }, "variants": { "*wə-yaʿăśû*": "did/performed", "*wə-yōṣîʾû*": "brought out/led out", "*ʾet-ḥămēšet*": "five of", "*məlākîm*": "kings/rulers", "*məʿārâ*": "cave/cavern", "*melek*": "king/ruler", "*Yərûšālaim*": "Jerusalem", "*Ḥebrôn*": "Hebron", "*Yarmût*": "Jarmuth", "*Lākîš*": "Lachish", "*ʿEglôn*": "Eglon" } }
  • Josh 10:31-32 : 31 { "verseID": "Joshua.10.31", "source": "וַיַּעֲבֹ֣ר יְ֠הוֹשֻׁעַ וְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֥ל עִמּ֛וֹ מִלִּבְנָ֖ה לָכִ֑ישָׁה וַיִּ֣חַן עָלֶ֔יהָ וַיִּלָּ֖חֶם בָּֽהּ׃", "text": "And *wayyaʿăbōr* *yəhôšuʿa* and all-*yiśrāʾēl* with-him from-*libnâ* to-*lākîšâ* and *wayyiḥan* against-her and *wayyillāḥem* in-her", "grammar": { "*wayyaʿăbōr*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he passed over/crossed", "*yəhôšuʿa*": "proper noun - Joshua", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*libnâ*": "proper noun - Libnah", "*lākîšâ*": "proper noun - Lachish", "*wayyiḥan*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he encamped", "*wayyillāḥem*": "waw consecutive + niphal imperfect 3ms - and he fought" }, "variants": { "*wayyaʿăbōr*": "and he passed over/crossed/moved", "*wayyiḥan*": "and he encamped/camped/pitched camp", "*wayyillāḥem*": "and he fought/battled/waged war" } } 32 { "verseID": "Joshua.10.32", "source": "וַיִּתֵּן֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֶת־לָכִ֜ישׁ בְּיַ֣ד יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל וַֽיִּלְכְּדָהּ֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשֵּׁנִ֔י וַיַּכֶּ֣הָ לְפִי־חֶ֔רֶב וְאֶת־כָּל־הַנֶּ֖פֶשׁ אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֑הּ כְּכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֖ה לְלִבְנָֽה׃ פ", "text": "And *wayyittēn* *YHWH* *ʾet*-*lākîš* in-*yad* *yiśrāʾēl* and *wayyilkədāh* in-the-*yôm* the-*haššēnî* and *wayyakkehā* to-*pî*-*ḥereb* and *ʾet*-all-the-*neppeš* which-in-her according-to-all which-*ʿāśâ* to-*libnâ*", "grammar": { "*wayyittēn*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he gave", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*lākîš*": "proper noun - Lachish", "*yad*": "noun common feminine singular construct - hand of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*wayyilkədāh*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms + 3fs suffix - and he captured it", "*yôm*": "noun common masculine singular - day", "*haššēnî*": "definite article + adjective masculine singular - the second", "*wayyakkehā*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect 3ms + 3fs suffix - and he struck it", "*pî*": "noun masculine singular construct - mouth/edge of", "*ḥereb*": "noun common feminine singular - sword", "*neppeš*": "noun common feminine singular - soul/life/person", "*ʿāśâ*": "qal perfect 3ms - he did/made", "*libnâ*": "proper noun - Libnah" }, "variants": { "*wayyittēn*": "and he gave/delivered/placed", "*yad*": "hand/power/possession of", "*wayyilkədāh*": "and he captured/seized/took it", "*wayyakkehā*": "and he struck/smote it", "*pî*": "mouth/edge/opening of", "*ḥereb*": "sword/knife", "*neppeš*": "soul/life/person/being", "*ʿāśâ*": "did/made/performed" } }