Verse 5

{ "verseID": "Lamentations.2.5", "source": "הָיָ֨ה אֲדֹנָ֤י ׀ כְּאוֹיֵב֙ בִּלַּ֣ע יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בִּלַּע֙ כָּל־אַרְמְנוֹתֶ֔יהָ שִׁחֵ֖ת מִבְצָרָ֑יו וַיֶּ֙רֶב֙ בְּבַת־יְהוּדָ֔ה תַּאֲנִיָּ֖ה וַאֲנִיָּֽה׃", "text": "*hāyâ* *ʾăḏōnāy* like-*ʾôyēḇ* *billaʿ* *yiśrāʾēl* *billaʿ* all-*ʾarmənôṯêhā* *šiḥēṯ* *miḇṣārāyw* and-*wayyereḇ* in-daughter-*yəhûḏâ* *taʾăniyyâ* and-*ʾăniyyâ*", "grammar": { "*hāyâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has become", "*ʾăḏōnāy*": "noun, masculine singular - Lord", "*kəʾôyēḇ*": "preposition + qal participle, masculine singular - like an enemy", "*billaʿ*": "piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has swallowed up", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*billaʿ*": "piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has swallowed up", "*kol-ʾarmənôṯêhā*": "construct chain + 3rd feminine singular suffix - all her palaces", "*šiḥēṯ*": "piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has destroyed", "*miḇṣārāyw*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his strongholds", "*wayyereḇ*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he has multiplied", "*bəḇaṯ-yəhûḏâ*": "preposition + construct chain - in daughter of Judah", "*taʾăniyyâ*": "noun, feminine singular - mourning", "*waʾăniyyâ*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular - and moaning" }, "variants": { "*hāyâ*": "become/come to pass/occur/happen", "*billaʿ*": "swallow up/engulf/devour/destroy", "*šiḥēṯ*": "destroy/ruin/corrupt/spoil", "*wayyereḇ*": "multiply/increase/make great", "*taʾăniyyâ*": "mourning/lamentation/sorrow", "*ʾăniyyâ*": "moaning/groaning/sighing/lamentation" } }

Other Translations

• GT, oversatt fra Hebraisk

  Herren var som en fiende; han utslettet Israel. Han ødela alle hennes palasser, knuste hennes festninger og forårsaket stor klage og sorg i Judas datter. Sela.

• Moderne oversettelse av Bibelen fra 1611 KJV med hebraisk kontekst

  Herren opptrådte som en fiende. Han har slukt Israel og slukt alle hennes palasser. Han har ødelagt hennes festninger og har økt sorg og klage hos Judas datter.

• Norsk King James

  Herren var som en fiende: han har oppslukt Israel og alle hennes palasser; han har ødelagt sine sterke festninger, og har økt klagen i Juda.

• Modernisert Norsk Bibel 1866

  Herren var som en fiende, han har fortært Israel, han har fortært alle dens palasser, ødelagt dens festninger og brakt Juda datter mye sorg og bedrøvelse.

• Oversettelse av hebraiske Bibeltekster til moderne norsk bokmål

  Herren var som en fiende, han har oppslukt Israel, oppslukt alle sine palasser. Han har ødelagt sine festninger, og har forårsaket klage og gråt i datteren Juda.

• Bibelen: En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611

  Herren var som en fiende: han har oppslukt Israel, han har oppslukt alle hennes palasser: han har ødelagt hennes festninger, og har økt klage og sorg i datteren av Juda.

• o3-mini KJV Norsk

  Herren opptrådte som en fiende. Han har slukt opp Israel og alle hennes palasser, ødelagt hennes festninger og økt sorgen og klagen hos Judy datter.

• En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611 (mar 2025)

  Herren var som en fiende: han har oppslukt Israel, han har oppslukt alle hennes palasser: han har ødelagt hennes festninger, og har økt klage og sorg i datteren av Juda.

• Lingvistisk bibeloversettelse fra grunntekst

  Herren har blitt som en fiende, han har slukt Israel. Han har slukt alle dens palasser, ødelagt sine festninger og lagt økning av klage og jamring i datter Juda.

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  The Lord appeared like an enemy; he has swallowed up Israel. He has swallowed all her palaces, destroyed her strongholds, and filled the daughter of Judah with mourning and lamentation.

• GT, oversatt fra hebraisk Aug2024

  Herren var som en fiende; han har oppslukt Israel, alle dens palasser har han ødelagt, festningene har han tilintetgjort. Han har brakt mye sorg og klage til Juda datter. Sela.

• Original Norsk Bibel 1866

  Herren var som en Fjende, han haver opslugt Israel, han haver opslugt alle dens Paladser, fordærvet dens Befæstninger og gjort Judæ Datter megen Kummer og Bedrøvelse.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  The Lord was as an enemy: he hath swallowed up Israel, he hath swallowed up all her paces: he hath destroyed his strong holds, and hath increased in the daughter of Judah mourning and mentation.

• KJV 1769 norsk

  Herren var som en fiende; han har slukt Israel, slukt alle hennes palasser; han har ødelagt hennes festninger og har økt sorg og gråt hos Judas datter.

• KJV1611 - Moderne engelsk

  The Lord was like an enemy: He has swallowed up Israel, He has swallowed up all her palaces: He has destroyed His strongholds, and has increased in the daughter of Judah mourning and lamentation.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  The Lord was as an enemy: he hath swallowed up Israel, he hath swallowed up all her palaces: he hath destroyed his strong holds, and hath increased in the daughter of Judah mourning and lamentation.

• Norsk oversettelse av Webster

  Herren har blitt som en fiende, han har slukt Israel; han har slukt alle hennes palasser, ødelagt hennes festninger; han har mangedoblet sorg og klage i Judas datter.

• Norsk oversettelse av Youngs Literal Translation

  Herren har vært som en fiende, han har fortært Israel, han har fortært alle hennes palasser, han har ødelagt hennes festninger, og han har mangfoldiggjort sorg og klage i Judas datter.

• Norsk oversettelse av ASV1901

  Herren har blitt som en fiende, han har fortært Israel; han har oppslukt alle hennes palasser, han har ødelagt hennes festninger; og han har mangfoldiggjort sorg og klage i Judas datter.

• Norsk oversettelse av BBE

  Herren har blitt som en fiende mot henne, sendt ødeleggelse over Israel; han har ødelagt alle hennes store hus og gjort sterkstedene til en ruin: økt sorg og smerte for Judas datter.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  The LORDE is become, like as it were an enemie, he hath cast downe Israel & all his places: yee all his stronge holdes hath he destroyed, and fylled the doughter of Iuda wt moch sorow and heuynesse.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  The Lord was as an enemie: he hath deuoured Israel, and consumed all his palaces: hee hath destroyed his strong holdes, and hath increased in the daughter of Iudah lamentation and mourning.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  The Lorde is become like as it were an enemie, he hath deuoured Israel and all his palaces, yea all his strong holdes hath he destroyed, and fylled the daughter of Iuda with much sorowe and heauinesse.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  The Lord was as an enemy: he hath swallowed up Israel, he hath swallowed up all her palaces: he hath destroyed his strong holds, and hath increased in the daughter of Judah mourning and lamentation.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  The Lord is become as an enemy, he has swallowed up Israel; He has swallowed up all her palaces, he has destroyed his strongholds; He has multiplied in the daughter of Judah mourning and lamentation.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  The Lord hath been as an enemy, He hath swallowed up Israel, He hath swallowed up all her palaces, He hath destroyed His fortresses, And He multiplieth in the daughter of Judah Mourning and moaning.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  The Lord is become as an enemy, he hath swallowed up Israel; He hath swallowed up all her palaces, he hath destroyed his strongholds; And he hath multiplied in the daughter of Judah mourning and lamentation.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  The Lord has become like one fighting against her, sending destruction on Israel; he has sent destruction on all her great houses, making waste his strong places: increasing the grief and the sorrow of the daughter of Judah.

• World English Bible (2000)

  The Lord is become as an enemy, he has swallowed up Israel; He has swallowed up all her palaces, he has destroyed his strongholds; He has multiplied in the daughter of Judah mourning and lamentation.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  ה(He) The Lord, like an enemy, destroyed Israel. He destroyed all her palaces; he ruined her fortified cities. He made everyone in Daughter Judah mourn and lament.

Referenced Verses

• Lam 2:2 : 2 { "verseID": "Lamentations.2.2", "source": "בִּלַּ֨ע אֲדֹנָ֜י *לא **וְלֹ֣א חָמַ֗ל אֵ֚ת כָּל־נְא֣וֹת יַעֲקֹ֔ב הָרַ֧ס בְּעֶבְרָת֛וֹ מִבְצְרֵ֥י בַת־יְהוּדָ֖ה הִגִּ֣יעַ לָאָ֑רֶץ חִלֵּ֥ל מַמְלָכָ֖ה וְשָׂרֶֽיהָ׃", "text": "*billaʿ* *ʾăḏōnāy* and-not *ḥāmal* *ʾēṯ* all-*nəʾôṯ* *yaʿăqōḇ* *hāras* in-*ʿeḇrāṯô* *miḇṣərê* daughter-*yəhûḏâ* *higgîaʿ* to-*ʾāreṣ* *ḥillēl* *mamlāḵâ* and-*śārêhā*", "grammar": { "*billaʿ*": "piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has swallowed up/devoured", "*ʾăḏōnāy*": "noun, masculine singular - Lord", "*wəlōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*ḥāmal*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has spared/pitied", "*ʾēṯ*": "direct object marker", "*kol-nəʾôṯ*": "construct chain - all dwellings/pastures of", "*yaʿăqōḇ*": "proper noun - Jacob", "*hāras*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has torn down/destroyed", "*bəʿeḇrāṯô*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - in his wrath", "*miḇṣərê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - fortresses/strongholds of", "*baṯ-yəhûḏâ*": "construct chain - daughter of Judah", "*higgîaʿ*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has brought down/made touch", "*lāʾāreṣ*": "preposition + definite article + noun, feminine singular - to the ground", "*ḥillēl*": "piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has profaned/defiled", "*mamlāḵâ*": "noun, feminine singular - kingdom", "*wəśārêhā*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural + 3rd feminine singular suffix - and her princes/officials" }, "variants": { "*billaʿ*": "swallow up/engulf/devour/destroy", "*ḥāmal*": "spare/have compassion/show mercy", "*nəʾôṯ*": "dwellings/habitations/pastures", "*hāras*": "tear down/break down/destroy/overthrow", "*ʿeḇrāṯô*": "wrath/rage/fury/overflow of anger", "*miḇṣərê*": "fortresses/strongholds/fortified places", "*higgîaʿ*": "bring down to/make touch/reach", "*ḥillēl*": "profane/defile/pollute/desecrate" } }
• Jer 30:14 : 14 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.30.14", "source": "כָּל־מְאַהֲבַ֣יִךְ שְׁכֵח֔וּךְ אוֹתָ֖ךְ לֹ֣א יִדְרֹ֑שׁוּ כִּי֩ מַכַּ֨ת אוֹיֵ֤ב הִכִּיתִיךְ֙ מוּסַ֣ר אַכְזָרִ֔י עַ֚ל רֹ֣ב עֲוֺנֵ֔ךְ עָצְמ֖וּ חַטֹּאתָֽיִךְ", "text": "All-*mᵉʾahăḇayiḵ* *šᵉḵēḥûḵ* you not *yiḏrōšû* for *makkaṯ* *ʾôyēḇ* *hikkîṯîḵ* *mûsar* *ʾaḵzārî* upon *rōḇ* *ʿăwōnēḵ* *ʿāṣᵉmû* *ḥaṭṭōʾṯāyiḵ*", "grammar": { "*mᵉʾahăḇayiḵ*": "piel participle masculine plural + 2nd person feminine singular suffix - your lovers", "*šᵉḵēḥûḵ*": "qal perfect 3rd person common plural + 2nd person feminine singular suffix - they have forgotten you", "*yiḏrōšû*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - they seek/inquire", "*makkaṯ*": "feminine singular construct noun - blow/wound of", "*ʾôyēḇ*": "qal participle masculine singular - enemy", "*hikkîṯîḵ*": "hiphil perfect 1st person singular + 2nd person feminine singular suffix - I have struck you", "*mûsar*": "masculine singular construct noun - discipline/chastisement of", "*ʾaḵzārî*": "adjective masculine singular - cruel/severe", "*rōḇ*": "masculine singular construct noun - abundance/greatness of", "*ʿăwōnēḵ*": "masculine singular noun + 2nd person feminine singular suffix - your iniquity", "*ʿāṣᵉmû*": "qal perfect 3rd person common plural - they are numerous/mighty", "*ḥaṭṭōʾṯāyiḵ*": "feminine plural noun + 2nd person feminine singular suffix - your sins" }, "variants": { "*mᵉʾahăḇayiḵ*": "your lovers/allies", "*šᵉḵēḥûḵ*": "they have forgotten you/neglected you", "*yiḏrōšû*": "they seek/inquire/care for", "*makkaṯ*": "blow/wound/stroke of", "*ʾôyēḇ*": "enemy/foe/adversary", "*mûsar*": "discipline/chastisement/correction of", "*ʾaḵzārî*": "cruel/severe/fierce", "*ʿăwōnēḵ*": "your iniquity/guilt/punishment", "*ʿāṣᵉmû*": "they are numerous/mighty/strong", "*ḥaṭṭōʾṯāyiḵ*": "your sins/offenses" } }
• Jer 52:13 : 13 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.52.13", "source": "וַיִּשְׂרֹ֥ף אֶת־בֵּית־יְהוָ֖ה וְאֶת־בֵּ֣ית הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וְאֵ֨ת כָּל־בָּתֵּ֧י יְרוּשָׁלַ֛͏ִם וְאֶת־כָּל־בֵּ֥ית הַגָּד֖וֹל שָׂרַ֥ף בָּאֵֽשׁ׃", "text": "*wa*-*yiśrōp* *ʾet*-*bêt*-*yhwh* *wə*-*ʾet*-*bêt* *ha*-*melek* *wə*-*ʾēt* *kāl*-*bāttê* *yərûšālaim* *wə*-*ʾet*-*kāl*-*bêt* *ha*-*gādôl* *śārap* *bā*-*ʾēš*", "grammar": { "*wa*-*yiśrōp*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he burned", "*ʾet*-*bêt*-*yhwh*": "direct object marker + noun construct + divine name - house of YHWH", "*wə*-*ʾet*-*bêt*": "conjunction + direct object marker + noun construct - and house of", "*ha*-*melek*": "definite article + noun - the king", "*wə*-*ʾēt*": "conjunction + direct object marker", "*kāl*-*bāttê*": "noun construct + noun construct plural - all houses of", "*yərûšālaim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*wə*-*ʾet*-*kāl*-*bêt*": "conjunction + direct object marker + noun construct + noun construct - and every house", "*ha*-*gādôl*": "definite article + adjective - the great", "*śārap*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he burned", "*bā*-*ʾēš*": "preposition + definite article + noun - with the fire" }, "variants": { "*yiśrōp*": "burned/set on fire", "*bêt*-*yhwh*": "house of YHWH/temple", "*bêt* *ha*-*gādôl*": "great house/important building/palace" } }
• Lam 2:4 : 4 { "verseID": "Lamentations.2.4", "source": "דָּרַ֨ךְ קַשְׁתּ֜וֹ כְּאוֹיֵ֗ב נִצָּ֤ב יְמִינוֹ֙ כְּצָ֔ר וַֽיַּהֲרֹ֔ג כֹּ֖ל מַחֲמַדֵּי־עָ֑יִן בְּאֹ֙הֶל֙ בַּת־צִיּ֔וֹן שָׁפַ֥ךְ כָּאֵ֖שׁ חֲמָתֽוֹ׃", "text": "*dāraḵ* *qaštô* like-*ʾôyēḇ* *niṣṣāḇ* *yəmînô* like-*ṣār* and-*wayyahărōḡ* all *maḥămaddê*-*ʿāyin* in-*ʾōhel* daughter-*ṣiyyôn* *šāp̄aḵ* like-*ʾēš* *ḥămāṯô*", "grammar": { "*dāraḵ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has bent/drawn", "*qaštô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his bow", "*kəʾôyēḇ*": "preposition + qal participle, masculine singular - like an enemy", "*niṣṣāḇ*": "niphal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has stationed/positioned himself", "*yəmînô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his right hand", "*kəṣār*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - like an adversary", "*wayyahărōḡ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he has slain", "*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all/every", "*maḥămaddê-ʿāyin*": "construct chain - pleasant things to the eye/delights of the eye", "*bəʾōhel*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - in the tent of", "*baṯ-ṣiyyôn*": "construct chain - daughter of Zion", "*šāp̄aḵ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has poured out", "*kāʾēš*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - like fire", "*ḥămāṯô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his fury" }, "variants": { "*dāraḵ*": "bend/draw/tread/march", "*niṣṣāḇ*": "station oneself/take a stand/be positioned", "*ṣār*": "adversary/enemy/foe/oppressor", "*wayyahărōḡ*": "kill/slay/murder", "*maḥămaddê-ʿāyin*": "delights of the eye/pleasant things to see/visually pleasing things", "*šāp̄aḵ*": "pour out/spill/shed" } }
• 2 Kgs 25:9 : 9 { "verseID": "2 Kings.25.9", "source": "וַיִּשְׂרֹ֥ף אֶת־בֵּית־יְהוָ֖ה וְאֶת־בֵּ֣ית הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וְאֵ֨ת כָּל־בָּתֵּ֧י יְרוּשָׁלַ֛͏ִם וְאֶת־כָּל־בֵּ֥ית גָּד֖וֹל שָׂרַ֥ף בָּאֵֽשׁ׃", "text": "*wə-yiśrōp* *ʾet* *bêt* *YHWH* and *ʾet* *bêt* the *melek* and *ʾēt* all *bāttê* *yərûšālayim* and *ʾet* all *bayit* *gādôl* *śārap* with the *ʾēš*.", "grammar": { "*wə-yiśrōp*": "conjunction + consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he burned", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*bêt*": "noun, masculine singular construct - house of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*bêt*": "noun, masculine singular construct - house of", "*melek*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the king", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*bāttê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - houses of", "*yərûšālayim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*bayit*": "noun, masculine singular construct - house", "*gādôl*": "adjective, masculine singular - great/large", "*śārap*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he burned", "*ʾēš*": "noun, feminine singular with preposition and definite article - with the fire" }, "variants": { "*yiśrōp*": "burned/consumed with fire", "*bêt*": "house/temple/palace", "*śārap* *bāʾēš*": "burned with fire/completely burned" } }
• 2 Chr 36:16-17 : 16 { "verseID": "2 Chronicles.36.16", "source": "וַיִּֽהְי֤וּ מַלְעִבִים֙ בְּמַלְאֲכֵ֣י הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים וּבוֹזִ֣ים דְּבָרָ֔יו וּמִֽתַּעְתְּעִ֖ים בִּנְבִאָ֑יו עַ֠ד עֲל֧וֹת חֲמַת־יְהוָ֛ה בְּעַמּ֖וֹ עַד־לְאֵ֥ין מַרְפֵּֽא׃", "text": "And *wayyihyû* *malʿibîm* with-*malʾăkê* the-*ʾĕlōhîm* and-*bôzîm* his-*dĕbārāyw* and-*mitaʿtĕʿîm* with-his-*nĕbiʾāyw* until *ʿălôt* *ḥămat-yhwh* on-his-*ʿammô* until-to-no *marpēʾ*", "grammar": { "*wayyihyû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they were", "*malʿibîm*": "Hiphil participle masculine plural - mocking", "*malʾăkê*": "masculine plural construct noun - messengers of", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the God", "*bôzîm*": "Qal participle masculine plural - despising", "*dĕbārāyw*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his words", "*mitaʿtĕʿîm*": "Hitpael participle masculine plural - mocking/scoffing", "*nĕbiʾāyw*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his prophets", "*ʿălôt*": "Qal infinitive construct - rising of", "*ḥămat-yhwh*": "construct chain - wrath of YHWH", "*ʿammô*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his people", "*marpēʾ*": "masculine singular noun - healing/remedy" }, "variants": { "*malʿibîm*": "mocking/scoffing/ridiculing", "*bôzîm*": "despising/disdaining/holding in contempt", "*mitaʿtĕʿîm*": "mocking/scoffing/deriding", "*ḥămat*": "wrath/anger/fury" } } 17 { "verseID": "2 Chronicles.36.17", "source": "וַיַּ֨עַל עֲלֵיהֶ֜ם אֶת־מֶ֣לֶךְ *כשדיים **כַּשְׂדִּ֗ים וַיַּהֲרֹ֨ג בַּחוּרֵיהֶ֤ם בַּחֶ֙רֶב֙ בְּבֵ֣ית מִקְדָּשָׁ֔ם וְלֹ֥א חָמַ֛ל עַל־בָּח֥וּר וּבְתוּלָ֖ה זָקֵ֣ן וְיָשֵׁ֑שׁ הַכֹּ֖ל נָתַ֥ן בְּיָדֽוֹ׃", "text": "And *wayyaʿal* against-them *ʾet*-*melek* *kaśdîm* and *wayyahărōg* their-*baḥûrêhem* with-the-*ḥereb* in-*bêt* their-*miqdāšām* and-not *ḥāmal* on-*bāḥûr* and-*bĕtûlâ* *zāqēn* and-*yāšēš* the-all *nātan* in-his-hand", "grammar": { "*wayyaʿal*": "waw consecutive + Hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he brought up", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*melek*": "masculine singular construct noun - king of", "*kaśdîm*": "proper noun - Chaldeans", "*wayyahărōg*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he killed", "*baḥûrêhem*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their young men", "*ḥereb*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the sword", "*bêt*": "masculine singular construct noun - house of", "*miqdāšām*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their sanctuary", "*ḥāmal*": "Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he had compassion", "*bāḥûr*": "masculine singular noun - young man", "*bĕtûlâ*": "feminine singular noun - virgin", "*zāqēn*": "masculine singular adjective - old", "*yāšēš*": "masculine singular adjective - very aged", "*nātan*": "Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he gave" }, "variants": { "*kaśdîm*": "Chaldeans/Babylonians", "*wayyahărōg*": "he killed/he slew/he put to death", "*ḥāmal*": "had compassion/spared/showed pity", "*yāšēš*": "very aged/decrepit/infirm" } }
• Jer 9:17-20 : 17 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.9.17", "source": "וּתְמַהֵ֕רְנָה וְתִשֶּׂ֥נָה עָלֵ֖ינוּ נֶ֑הִי וְתֵרַ֤דְנָה עֵינֵ֙ינוּ֙ דִּמְעָ֔ה וְעַפְעַפֵּ֖ינוּ יִזְּלוּ־מָֽיִם׃", "text": "*ûtĕmahērnāh* *wĕtiśśenāh* over-us *nehî* *wĕtērednāh* *'ênênû* *dim'āh* *wĕ'ap'appênû* *yizzĕlû*-*māyim*", "grammar": { "*ûtĕmahērnāh*": "conjunction + imperfect verb, 3rd person feminine plural, piel - and let them hasten", "*wĕtiśśenāh*": "conjunction + imperfect verb, 3rd person feminine plural, qal - and let them lift up", "*nehî*": "masculine noun - wailing", "*wĕtērednāh*": "conjunction + imperfect verb, 3rd person feminine plural - and let them run down", "*'ênênû*": "feminine dual noun with 1st person plural suffix - our eyes", "*dim'āh*": "feminine noun - tear", "*wĕ'ap'appênû*": "conjunction + masculine plural noun with 1st person plural suffix - and our eyelids", "*yizzĕlû*": "imperfect verb, 3rd person masculine plural - they will flow/gush", "*māyim*": "masculine dual noun - water" }, "variants": { "*ûtĕmahērnāh*": "and let them hasten/hurry/make haste", "*wĕtiśśenāh*": "and let them lift up/raise/bear", "*nehî*": "wailing/lamentation/dirge", "*wĕtērednāh*": "and let them run down/descend/flow down", "*'ênênû*": "our eyes/sight/vision", "*dim'āh*": "tear/weeping/crying", "*wĕ'ap'appênû*": "and our eyelids/eyelashes", "*yizzĕlû*": "they will flow/gush/stream", "*māyim*": "water/waters/liquid" } } 18 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.9.18", "source": "כִּ֣י ק֥וֹל נְהִ֛י נִשְׁמַ֥ע מִצִיּ֖וֹן אֵ֣יךְ שֻׁדָּ֑דְנוּ בֹּ֤שְׁנֽוּ מְאֹד֙ כִּֽי־עָזַ֣בְנוּ אָ֔רֶץ כִּ֥י הִשְׁלִ֖יכוּ מִשְׁכְּנוֹתֵֽינוּ׃", "text": "*kî* *qôl* *nĕhî* *nišma'* from-*ṣiyyôn* how *šuddādnû* *bōšnû* extremely *kî*-*'āzabnû* *'āreṣ* *kî* *hišlîkû* *miškĕnôtênû*", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*qôl*": "masculine noun, construct state - voice of", "*nĕhî*": "masculine noun - wailing", "*nišma'*": "perfect verb, 3rd person masculine singular, niphal - is heard", "*ṣiyyôn*": "proper noun with prefixed preposition - from Zion", "*šuddādnû*": "perfect verb, 1st person plural, pual - we are devastated", "*bōšnû*": "perfect verb, 1st person plural - we are ashamed", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*'āzabnû*": "perfect verb, 1st person plural - we have forsaken", "*'āreṣ*": "feminine noun - land", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*hišlîkû*": "perfect verb, 3rd person common plural, hiphil - they have cast away", "*miškĕnôtênû*": "feminine plural noun with 1st person plural suffix - our dwellings" }, "variants": { "*kî*": "for/because/indeed", "*qôl nĕhî*": "voice of wailing/sound of lamentation", "*nišma'*": "is heard/is perceived/is understood", "*šuddādnû*": "we are devastated/destroyed/plundered", "*bōšnû*": "we are ashamed/disgraced/humiliated", "*'āzabnû*": "we have forsaken/abandoned/left", "*'āreṣ*": "land/earth/country", "*hišlîkû*": "they have cast away/thrown down/abandoned", "*miškĕnôtênû*": "our dwellings/habitations/homes" } } 19 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.9.19", "source": "כִּֽי־שְׁמַ֤עְנָה נָשִׁים֙ דְּבַר־יְהוָ֔ה וְתִקַּ֥ח אָזְנְכֶ֖ם דְּבַר־פִּ֑יו וְלַמֵּ֤דְנָה בְנֽוֹתֵיכֶם֙ נֶ֔הִי וְאִשָּׁ֥ה רְעוּתָ֖הּ קִינָֽה׃", "text": "*kî*-*šĕma'nāh* *nāšîm* *dĕbar*-*YHWH* *wĕtiqqaḥ* *'āznĕkem* *dĕbar*-*pîw* *wĕlammēdnāh* *bĕnôtêkem* *nehî* *wĕ'iššāh* *rĕ'ûtāh* *qînāh*", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*šĕma'nāh*": "imperative verb, 2nd person feminine plural - hear", "*nāšîm*": "feminine plural noun - women", "*dĕbar*": "masculine noun, construct state - word of", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*wĕtiqqaḥ*": "conjunction + imperfect verb, 3rd person feminine singular, jussive - and let take", "*'āznĕkem*": "feminine singular noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your ear", "*dĕbar*": "masculine noun, construct state - word of", "*pîw*": "masculine noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his mouth", "*wĕlammēdnāh*": "conjunction + imperative verb, 2nd person feminine plural, piel - and teach", "*bĕnôtêkem*": "feminine plural noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your daughters", "*nehî*": "masculine noun - wailing", "*wĕ'iššāh*": "conjunction + feminine noun - and a woman", "*rĕ'ûtāh*": "feminine noun with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her neighbor", "*qînāh*": "feminine noun - lamentation" }, "variants": { "*šĕma'nāh*": "hear/listen to/obey", "*nāšîm*": "women/wives/females", "*dĕbar-YHWH*": "word of YHWH/command of YHWH", "*wĕtiqqaḥ*": "and let take/receive/accept", "*'āznĕkem*": "your ear/hearing", "*dĕbar-pîw*": "word of his mouth/utterance from his lips", "*wĕlammēdnāh*": "and teach/instruct/train", "*bĕnôtêkem*": "your daughters/female children", "*nehî*": "wailing/lamentation/dirge", "*rĕ'ûtāh*": "her neighbor/companion/friend", "*qînāh*": "lamentation/dirge/funeral song" } } 20 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.9.20", "source": "כִּֽי־עָ֤לָה מָ֙וֶת֙ בְּחַלּוֹנֵ֔ינוּ בָּ֖א בְּאַרְמְנוֹתֵ֑ינוּ לְהַכְרִ֤ית עוֹלָל֙ מִח֔וּץ בַּחוּרִ֖ים מֵרְחֹבֽוֹת׃", "text": "*kî*-*'ālāh* *māwet* through-*ḥallônênû* *bā'* into-*'armĕnôtênû* to-*hakrît* *'ôlāl* from-*ḥûṣ* *baḥûrîm* from-*rĕḥōbôt*", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*'ālāh*": "perfect verb, 3rd person masculine singular - has come up", "*māwet*": "masculine noun - death", "*ḥallônênû*": "masculine plural noun with 1st person plural suffix and prefixed preposition - through our windows", "*bā'*": "perfect verb, 3rd person masculine singular - it has entered", "*'armĕnôtênû*": "masculine plural noun with 1st person plural suffix and prefixed preposition - into our palaces", "*hakrît*": "infinitive construct, hiphil with prefixed preposition - to cut off", "*'ôlāl*": "masculine singular noun - child", "*ḥûṣ*": "masculine noun with prefixed preposition - from outside", "*baḥûrîm*": "masculine plural noun - young men", "*rĕḥōbôt*": "feminine plural noun with prefixed preposition - from streets" }, "variants": { "*kî*": "for/because/indeed", "*'ālāh*": "has come up/ascended/climbed", "*māwet*": "death/dying/mortality", "*ḥallônênû*": "our windows/openings", "*bā'*": "it has entered/come/arrived", "*'armĕnôtênû*": "our palaces/citadels/fortresses", "*hakrît*": "to cut off/destroy/eliminate", "*'ôlāl*": "child/infant/little one", "*ḥûṣ*": "outside/street/outdoors", "*baḥûrîm*": "young men/youths/chosen ones", "*rĕḥōbôt*": "streets/broad places/public squares" } }
• Jer 15:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.15.1", "source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֵלַ֔י אִם־יַעֲמֹ֨ד מֹשֶׁ֤ה וּשְׁמוּאֵל֙ לְפָנַ֔י אֵ֥ין נַפְשִׁ֖י אֶל־הָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֑ה שַׁלַּ֥ח מֵֽעַל־פָּנַ֖י וְיֵצֵֽאוּ׃", "text": "*wə-yōʾmer* *YHWH* to-me, if-*yaʿămōd* *mōšeh* and-*šəmûʾēl* *lə-pānay*, *ʾên* *napšî* towards-*hā-ʿām* *ha-zeh*; send-away from-before-my-face and-*yēṣēʾû*.", "grammar": { "*wə-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/the LORD", "*yaʿămōd*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - would stand", "*mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*šəmûʾēl*": "proper noun - Samuel", "*lə-pānay*": "preposition + noun common masculine plural construct with 1st person singular suffix - before me/in my presence", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is not", "*napšî*": "noun common feminine singular construct with 1st person singular suffix - my soul/my desire", "*hā-ʿām*": "article + noun common masculine singular - the people", "*ha-zeh*": "article + demonstrative adjective - this", "*yēṣēʾû*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they shall go out" }, "variants": { "*ʾên napšî*": "my soul is not toward/I have no favor toward/I have no desire for", "*lə-pānay*": "before me/in my presence/before my face", "*šallaḥ*": "send away/dismiss/cast out (imperative)", "*yēṣēʾû*": "they will go out/depart/exit/leave" } }
• Ezek 2:10 : 10 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.2.10", "source": "וַיִּפְרֹ֤שׂ אוֹתָהּ֙ לְפָנַ֔י וְהִ֥יא כְתוּבָ֖ה פָּנִ֣ים וְאָח֑וֹר וְכָת֣וּב אֵלֶ֔יהָ קִנִ֥ים וָהֶ֖גֶה וָהִֽי׃ ס", "text": "And *wə-yiprōś* *ʾôtāh* *lə-pānay*, and it [was] *kətûbâ* *pānîm* and *ʾāḥôr*, and *kātûb* unto it *qînîm* and *wāhegeh* and *wāhî*", "grammar": { "*wə-yiprōś*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he spread out", "*ʾôtāh*": "direct object marker + 3rd feminine singular suffix - it/her", "*lə-pānay*": "preposition + noun masculine plural construct + 1st singular suffix - before me", "*kətûbâ*": "Qal passive participle, feminine singular - written", "*pānîm*": "noun masculine plural - face/front", "*ʾāḥôr*": "noun masculine singular - back/behind", "*kātûb*": "Qal passive participle, masculine singular - written", "*qînîm*": "noun masculine plural - lamentations/dirges", "*wāhegeh*": "conjunction + noun masculine singular - mourning/groaning", "*wāhî*": "conjunction + noun feminine singular - woe/lamentation" }, "variants": { "*pānîm wə-ʾāḥôr*": "front and back/inside and outside", "*qînîm*": "lamentations/dirges/funeral songs", "*hegeh*": "mourning/groaning/muttering", "*hî*": "woe/lamentation/wailing" } }