Verse 15

{ "verseID": "Proverbs.25.15", "source": "בְּאֹ֣רֶךְ אַ֭פַּיִם יְפֻתֶּ֣ה קָצִ֑ין וְלָשׁ֥וֹן רַ֝כָּ֗ה תִּשְׁבָּר־גָּֽרֶם׃", "text": "In-*ʾōrek* *ʾappayim* *yĕputteh* *qāṣîn* and-*lāšôn* *rakkāh* *tišbār*-*gārem*", "grammar": { "*bĕ*": "preposition - in/by", "*ʾōrek*": "noun, masculine singular construct - patience of", "*ʾappayim*": "noun, masculine dual - nostrils/anger", "*yĕputteh*": "pual imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he is persuaded", "*qāṣîn*": "noun, masculine singular - ruler/judge", "*wĕ*": "conjunction - and", "*lāšôn*": "noun, feminine singular - tongue", "*rakkāh*": "adjective, feminine singular - soft/gentle", "*tišbār*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - it breaks", "*gārem*": "noun, masculine singular - bone" }, "variants": { "*ʾōrek*": "patience/slowness/length", "*ʾappayim*": "nostrils/anger/wrath (idiom for patience)", "*yĕputteh*": "is persuaded/is convinced/is won over", "*qāṣîn*": "ruler/judge/commander", "*lāšôn*": "tongue/language/speech", "*rakkāh*": "soft/gentle/tender", "*tišbār*": "breaks/shatters/crushes", "*gārem*": "bone/strength" } }

Other Translations

Referenced Verses

  • Prov 15:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Proverbs.15.1", "source": "מַֽעֲנֶה־רַּ֭ךְ יָשִׁ֣יב חֵמָ֑ה וּדְבַר־עֶ֝֗צֶב יַעֲלֶה־אָֽף׃", "text": "*Maʿăneh-rak* *yāšîḇ* *ḥēmāh* and-*dəḇar-ʿeṣeḇ* *yaʿăleh-ʾāp̄*", "grammar": { "*Maʿăneh*": "construct noun, masculine singular - answer/response", "*rak*": "adjective, masculine singular - soft/gentle", "*yāšîḇ*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - turns away/causes to return", "*ḥēmāh*": "noun, feminine singular - wrath/rage/anger", "*dəḇar*": "construct noun, masculine singular - word/speech", "*ʿeṣeḇ*": "noun, masculine singular - pain/hurt/grief", "*yaʿăleh*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - causes to ascend/stirs up", "*ʾāp̄*": "noun, masculine singular - nose/anger/wrath" }, "variants": { "*Maʿăneh-rak*": "soft answer/gentle response", "*yāšîḇ*": "turns away/deflects/returns", "*ḥēmāh*": "wrath/hot anger/rage", "*dəḇar-ʿeṣeḇ*": "painful word/grievous speech/hurtful saying", "*yaʿăleh-ʾāp̄*": "stirs up anger/arouses wrath/provokes fury" } }
  • Eccl 10:4 : 4 { "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.10.4", "source": "אִם־ר֤וּחַ הַמּוֹשֵׁל֙ תַּעֲלֶ֣ה עָלֶ֔יךָ מְקוֹמְךָ֖ אַל־תַּנַּ֑ח כִּ֣י מַרְפֵּ֔א יַנִּ֖יחַ חֲטָאִ֥ים גְּדוֹלִֽים׃", "text": "If *rûaḥ hammôšēl* *taʿăleh* against you, *məqômkā* not *tannaḥ* for *marpēʾ* *yannîaḥ* *ḥăṭāʾîm gədôlîm*", "grammar": { "*rûaḥ*": "feminine singular construct - spirit of", "*hammôšēl*": "definite article + qal participle masculine singular - the ruler", "*taʿăleh*": "qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - comes up/rises", "*ʿālêkā*": "preposition with 2nd masculine singular suffix - against you", "*məqômkā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your place", "*ʾal-tannaḥ*": "negative particle + hiphil jussive 2nd masculine singular - do not leave", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*marpēʾ*": "masculine singular noun - healing/calmness", "*yannîaḥ*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - causes to rest/leaves", "*ḥăṭāʾîm*": "masculine plural noun - sins", "*gədôlîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - great/large" }, "variants": { "*rûaḥ hammôšēl*": "spirit of the ruler/anger of the ruler/temper of the governor", "*taʿăleh*": "rises/comes up against/mounts", "*məqômkā*": "your place/your position/your post", "*tannaḥ*": "leave/abandon/give up", "*marpēʾ*": "calmness/gentleness/healing", "*yannîaḥ*": "pacifies/leaves/causes to rest", "*ḥăṭāʾîm gədôlîm*": "great sins/great offenses/great mistakes" } }
  • Prov 16:14 : 14 { "verseID": "Proverbs.16.14", "source": "חֲמַת־מֶ֥לֶךְ מַלְאֲכֵי־מָ֑וֶת וְאִ֖ישׁ חָכָ֣ם יְכַפְּרֶֽנָּה׃", "text": "*ḥămat*-*melek* *malʾăkê*-*māwet* and-*ʾîš* *ḥākām* *yᵉkapprennāh*", "grammar": { "*ḥămat*": "noun, feminine, singular construct - wrath of", "*melek*": "noun, masculine, singular - king", "*malʾăkê*": "noun, masculine, plural construct - messengers of", "*māwet*": "noun, masculine, singular - death", "*wᵉ*": "conjunction - and", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine, singular - man/person", "*ḥākām*": "adjective, masculine, singular - wise", "*yᵉkapprennāh*": "verb, Piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - will appease it/pacify it/atone for it" }, "variants": { "*ḥămat-melek*": "wrath of king/king's anger/royal fury", "*malʾăkê-māwet*": "messengers of death/harbingers of death", "*yᵉkapprennāh*": "will appease it/will pacify it/will turn it away" } }
  • Gen 32:4-9 : 4 { "verseID": "Genesis.32.4", "source": "וַיִּשְׁלַ֨ח יַעֲקֹ֤ב מַלְאָכִים֙ לְפָנָ֔יו אֶל־עֵשָׂ֖ו אָחִ֑יו אַ֥רְצָה שֵׂעִ֖יר שְׂדֵ֥ה אֱדֽוֹם׃", "text": "*wə-yišlaḥ yaʿăqōb malʾākîm* before-him to-*ʿēśāw* brother-his, land-of *śēʿîr śədēh ʾĕdôm*.", "grammar": { "*wə-yišlaḥ*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he sent", "*malʾākîm*": "masculine plural noun - messengers/angels", "*ʿēśāw*": "proper noun - Esau", "*śēʿîr*": "proper noun - Seir", "*śədēh*": "masculine singular construct - field of", "*ʾĕdôm*": "proper noun - Edom" }, "variants": { "*yišlaḥ*": "to send, to stretch out, to let go", "*malʾākîm*": "messengers, angels, ambassadors", "*śēʿîr*": "Seir (place name), hairy", "*śədēh*": "field, country, territory", "*ʾĕdôm*": "Edom (place/people name), red" } } 5 { "verseID": "Genesis.32.5", "source": "וַיְצַ֤ו אֹתָם֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר כֹּ֣ה תֹאמְר֔וּן לַֽאדֹנִ֖י לְעֵשָׂ֑ו כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ עַבְדְּךָ֣ יַעֲקֹ֔ב עִם־לָבָ֣ן גַּ֔רְתִּי וָאֵחַ֖ר עַד־עָֽתָּה׃", "text": "*wə-yəṣaw ʾōtām lēmōr kōh tōʾmərûn* to-lord-my to-*ʿēśāw kōh ʾāmar* servant-your *yaʿăqōb* with-Laban *gartî wā-ʾēḥar* until-now.", "grammar": { "*wə-yəṣaw*": "waw consecutive + Piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he commanded", "*ʾōtām*": "direct object marker + 3rd masculine plural suffix - them", "*lēmōr*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - saying", "*kōh*": "adverb - thus, so", "*tōʾmərûn*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you shall say", "*ʾāmar*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he said", "*gartî*": "Qal perfect, 1st common singular - I have sojourned", "*wā-ʾēḥar*": "waw consecutive + Piel imperfect, 1st common singular - and I have delayed/tarried" }, "variants": { "*yəṣaw*": "to command, to order, to charge", "*lēmōr*": "saying, to say", "*tōʾmərûn*": "to say, to speak, to tell", "*ʾāmar*": "to say, to declare, to command", "*gartî*": "to sojourn, to dwell as an alien, to live as a foreigner", "*ʾēḥar*": "to delay, to tarry, to remain behind" } } 6 { "verseID": "Genesis.32.6", "source": "וַֽיְהִי־לִי֙ שׁ֣וֹר וַחֲמ֔וֹר צֹ֖אן וְעֶ֣בֶד וְשִׁפְחָ֑ה וָֽאֶשְׁלְחָה֙ לְהַגִּ֣יד לֽ͏ַאדֹנִ֔י לִמְצֹא־חֵ֖ן בְּעֵינֶֽיךָ׃", "text": "*wə-yəhî*-to-me *šôr wa-ḥămôr ṣōʾn wə-ʿebed wə-šipḥāh wā-ʾešləḥāh ləhaggîd* to-lord-my *limṣōʾ-ḥēn* in-eyes-your.", "grammar": { "*wə-yəhî*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and there is/has been", "*šôr*": "masculine singular noun - ox, bull", "*wa-ḥămôr*": "waw conjunction + masculine singular noun - and donkey", "*ṣōʾn*": "collective noun - flock, sheep and goats", "*wə-ʿebed*": "waw conjunction + masculine singular noun - and male servant", "*wə-šipḥāh*": "waw conjunction + feminine singular noun - and female servant", "*wā-ʾešləḥāh*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect cohortative, 1st common singular - and I am sending", "*ləhaggîd*": "preposition + Hiphil infinitive construct - to tell", "*limṣōʾ-ḥēn*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct + masculine singular noun - to find favor" }, "variants": { "*yəhî*": "to be, to become, to exist", "*šôr*": "ox, bull, cattle", "*ḥămôr*": "donkey, ass", "*ṣōʾn*": "sheep, goats, flock", "*ʿebed*": "servant, slave, subject", "*šipḥāh*": "maidservant, female slave, handmaid", "*ʾešləḥāh*": "to send, to send word", "*ləhaggîd*": "to tell, to declare, to announce", "*limṣōʾ-ḥēn*": "to find favor, to obtain grace" } } 7 { "verseID": "Genesis.32.7", "source": "וַיָּשֻׁ֙בוּ֙ הַמַּלְאָכִ֔ים אֶֽל־יַעֲקֹ֖ב לֵאמֹ֑ר בָּ֤אנוּ אֶל־אָחִ֙יךָ֙ אֶל־עֵשָׂ֔ו וְגַם֙ הֹלֵ֣ךְ לִקְרָֽאתְךָ֔ וְאַרְבַּע־מֵא֥וֹת אִ֖ישׁ עִמּֽוֹ׃", "text": "*wə-yāšubû ha-malʾākîm* to-*yaʿăqōb lēmōr bāʾnû* to-brother-your to-*ʿēśāw wə-gam hōlēk liqrāʾtəkā wə-ʾarbaʿ-mēʾôt ʾîš* with-him.", "grammar": { "*wə-yāšubû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they returned", "*ha-malʾākîm*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the messengers/angels", "*lēmōr*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - saying", "*bāʾnû*": "Qal perfect, 1st common plural - we came", "*wə-gam*": "waw conjunction + adverb - and also", "*hōlēk*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - is going/walking", "*liqrāʾtəkā*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - to meet you", "*wə-ʾarbaʿ-mēʾôt*": "waw conjunction + number + feminine plural noun - and four hundred", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - man/men" }, "variants": { "*yāšubû*": "to return, to turn back", "*malʾākîm*": "messengers, angels, ambassadors", "*lēmōr*": "saying, to say", "*bāʾnû*": "to come, to arrive, to enter", "*hōlēk*": "to go, to walk, to proceed", "*liqrāʾtəkā*": "to meet you, to come toward you", "*ʾîš*": "man, person, human being" } } 8 { "verseID": "Genesis.32.8", "source": "וַיִּירָ֧א יַעֲקֹ֛ב מְאֹ֖ד וַיֵּ֣צֶר ל֑וֹ וַיַּ֜חַץ אֶת־הָעָ֣ם אֲשֶׁר־אִתּ֗וֹ וְאֶת־הַצֹּ֧אן וְאֶת־הַבָּקָ֛ר וְהַגְּמַלִּ֖ים לִשְׁנֵ֥י מַחֲנֽוֹת׃", "text": "*wə-yîrāʾ yaʿăqōb məʾōd wə-yēṣer* to-him *wə-yaḥaṣ ʾet*-the-people that-with-him *wə-ʾet*-the-flock *wə-ʾet*-the-cattle and-the-camels to-two *maḥănôt*.", "grammar": { "*wə-yîrāʾ*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he feared", "*məʾōd*": "adverb - very, exceedingly", "*wə-yēṣer*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it was distressing", "*wə-yaḥaṣ*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he divided", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*maḥănôt*": "masculine plural noun - camps" }, "variants": { "*yîrāʾ*": "to fear, to be afraid, to be in awe", "*yēṣer*": "to be distressed, to be troubled, to be narrow", "*yaḥaṣ*": "to divide, to separate, to split", "*maḥănôt*": "camps, companies, encampments" } } 9 { "verseID": "Genesis.32.9", "source": "וַיֹּ֕אמֶר אִם־יָב֥וֹא עֵשָׂ֛ו אֶל־הַמַּחֲנֶ֥ה הָאַחַ֖ת וְהִכָּ֑הוּ וְהָיָ֛ה הַמַּחֲנֶ֥ה הַנִּשְׁאָ֖ר לִפְלֵיטָֽה׃", "text": "*wə-yōʾmer ʾim-yābôʾ ʿēśāw* to-the-camp the-one *wə-hikkāhû wə-hāyāh* the-camp the-remaining *liplêṭāh*.", "grammar": { "*wə-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*ʾim-yābôʾ*": "conditional particle + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - if he comes", "*wə-hikkāhû*": "waw consecutive + Hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and he strikes it", "*wə-hāyāh*": "waw consecutive + Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it will be", "*liplêṭāh*": "preposition + feminine singular noun - for an escape/deliverance" }, "variants": { "*yōʾmer*": "to say, to declare, to command", "*yābôʾ*": "to come, to enter, to arrive", "*hikkāhû*": "to strike, to smite, to attack", "*hāyāh*": "to be, to become, to happen", "*liplêṭāh*": "for escape, for deliverance, for survival" } } 10 { "verseID": "Genesis.32.10", "source": "וַיֹּאמֶר֮ יַעֲקֹב֒ אֱלֹהֵי֙ אָבִ֣י אַבְרָהָ֔ם וֵאלֹהֵ֖י אָבִ֣י יִצְחָ֑ק יְהוָ֞ה הָאֹמֵ֣ר אֵלַ֗י שׁ֧וּב לְאַרְצְךָ֛ וּלְמוֹלַדְתְּךָ֖ וְאֵיטִ֥יבָה עִמָּֽךְ׃", "text": "*wə-yōʾmer yaʿăqōb ʾĕlōhê* father-my *ʾabrāhām wē-ʾlōhê* father-my *yiṣḥāq YHWH hā-ʾōmēr* to-me *šûb* to-land-your and-to-birthplace-your *wə-ʾêṭîbāh* with-you.", "grammar": { "*wə-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "masculine plural construct - God of", "*wē-ʾlōhê*": "waw conjunction + masculine plural construct - and God of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh, LORD", "*hā-ʾōmēr*": "definite article + Qal participle, masculine singular - the one saying", "*šûb*": "Qal imperative, masculine singular - return", "*wə-ʾêṭîbāh*": "waw conjunction + Hiphil imperfect cohortative, 1st common singular - and I will do good" }, "variants": { "*yōʾmer*": "to say, to speak, to command", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "God of, gods of", "*YHWH*": "Yahweh, LORD", "*hā-ʾōmēr*": "the one saying, the one speaking", "*šûb*": "return, go back, turn back", "*ʾêṭîbāh*": "to do good, to make well, to treat favorably" } } 11 { "verseID": "Genesis.32.11", "source": "קָטֹ֜נְתִּי מִכֹּ֤ל הַחֲסָדִים֙ וּמִכָּל־הָ֣אֱמֶ֔ת אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשִׂ֖יתָ אֶת־עַבְדֶּ֑ךָ כִּ֣י בְמַקְלִ֗י עָבַ֙רְתִּי֙ אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֣ן הַזֶּ֔ה וְעַתָּ֥ה הָיִ֖יתִי לִשְׁנֵ֥י מַחֲנֽוֹת׃", "text": "*qāṭōntî* from-all the-*ḥăsādîm* and-from-all-the-*ʾĕmet* which *ʿāśîtā ʾet*-servant-your, for with-staff-my *ʿābartî ʾet*-the-Jordan the-this and-now *hāyîtî* to-two *maḥănôt*.", "grammar": { "*qāṭōntî*": "Qal perfect, 1st common singular - I am too small/unworthy", "*ḥăsādîm*": "masculine plural noun - kindnesses, mercies, loyal love", "*ʾĕmet*": "feminine singular noun - truth, faithfulness", "*ʿāśîtā*": "Qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you have done", "*ʿābartî*": "Qal perfect, 1st common singular - I crossed over", "*hāyîtî*": "Qal perfect, 1st common singular - I have become", "*maḥănôt*": "masculine plural noun - camps" }, "variants": { "*qāṭōntî*": "I am small, I am unworthy, I am inadequate", "*ḥăsādîm*": "acts of kindness, mercies, covenant faithfulness", "*ʾĕmet*": "truth, faithfulness, reliability", "*ʿāśîtā*": "you did, you made, you performed", "*ʿābartî*": "I crossed over, I passed through", "*hāyîtî*": "I have become, I have turned into", "*maḥănôt*": "camps, companies, bands" } } 12 { "verseID": "Genesis.32.12", "source": "הַצִּילֵ֥נִי נָ֛א מִיַּ֥ד אָחִ֖י מִיַּ֣ד עֵשָׂ֑ו כִּֽי־יָרֵ֤א אָנֹכִי֙ אֹת֔וֹ פֶּן־יָב֣וֹא וְהִכַּ֔נִי אֵ֖ם עַל־בָּנִֽים׃", "text": "*haṣṣîlēnî nāʾ* from-hand-of brother-my from-hand-of *ʿēśāw* for-*yārēʾ* I *ʾōtô pen-yābôʾ wə-hikkanî ʾēm* on-children.", "grammar": { "*haṣṣîlēnî*": "Hiphil imperative, masculine singular + 1st common singular suffix - deliver me", "*nāʾ*": "particle of entreaty - please", "*yārēʾ*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - fearing", "*ʾōtô*": "direct object marker + 3rd masculine singular suffix - him", "*pen-yābôʾ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - lest he come", "*wə-hikkanî*": "waw consecutive + Hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular + 1st common singular suffix - and strike me", "*ʾēm*": "feminine singular noun - mother" }, "variants": { "*haṣṣîlēnî*": "deliver me, rescue me, save me", "*nāʾ*": "please, now, I pray", "*yārēʾ*": "fearing, afraid of", "*pen-yābôʾ*": "lest he come, in case he arrives", "*wə-hikkanî*": "and strike me, and attack me, and kill me", "*ʾēm*": "mother, with children (idiom for complete destruction)" } } 13 { "verseID": "Genesis.32.13", "source": "וְאַתָּ֣ה אָמַ֔רְתָּ הֵיטֵ֥ב אֵיטִ֖יב עִמָּ֑ךְ וְשַׂמְתִּ֤י אֶֽת־זַרְעֲךָ֙ כְּח֣וֹל הַיָּ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־יִסָּפֵ֖ר מֵרֹֽב׃", "text": "*wə-ʾattāh ʾāmartā hêṭēb ʾêṭîb* with-you *wə-śamtî ʾet*-seed-your as-sand-of the-sea which not-*yissāpēr* from-abundance.", "grammar": { "*wə-ʾattāh*": "waw conjunction + 2nd masculine singular pronoun - and you", "*ʾāmartā*": "Qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you said", "*hêṭēb ʾêṭîb*": "Hiphil infinitive absolute + Hiphil imperfect, 1st common singular - surely I will do good", "*wə-śamtî*": "waw consecutive + Qal perfect, 1st common singular - and I will make", "*yissāpēr*": "Niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - it is counted" }, "variants": { "*ʾāmartā*": "you said, you spoke, you promised", "*hêṭēb ʾêṭîb*": "surely I will do good, I will definitely treat well", "*wə-śamtî*": "and I will make, and I will set, and I will establish", "*yissāpēr*": "to be counted, to be numbered, to be recounted" } } 14 { "verseID": "Genesis.32.14", "source": "וַיָּ֥לֶן שָׁ֖ם בַּלַּ֣יְלָה הַה֑וּא וַיִּקַּ֞ח מִן־הַבָּ֧א בְיָד֛וֹ מִנְחָ֖ה לְעֵשָׂ֥ו אָחִֽיו׃", "text": "*wə-yālen* there in-the-night the-that *wə-yiqqaḥ* from-the-coming in-hand-his *minḥāh* to-*ʿēśāw* brother-his.", "grammar": { "*wə-yālen*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he spent the night", "*wə-yiqqaḥ*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he took", "*minḥāh*": "feminine singular noun - gift, tribute, offering" }, "variants": { "*yālen*": "to lodge, to spend the night, to stay overnight", "*yiqqaḥ*": "to take, to receive, to fetch", "*minḥāh*": "gift, present, tribute, offering" } } 15 { "verseID": "Genesis.32.15", "source": "עִזִּ֣ים מָאתַ֔יִם וּתְיָשִׁ֖ים עֶשְׂרִ֑ים רְחֵלִ֥ים מָאתַ֖יִם וְאֵילִ֥ים עֶשְׂרִֽים׃", "text": "*ʿizzîm* two-hundred and-*təyāšîm* twenty, *rəḥēlîm* two-hundred and-*ʾêlîm* twenty.", "grammar": { "*ʿizzîm*": "feminine plural noun - female goats", "*təyāšîm*": "masculine plural noun - male goats", "*rəḥēlîm*": "feminine plural noun - ewes", "*ʾêlîm*": "masculine plural noun - rams" }, "variants": { "*ʿizzîm*": "female goats, she-goats", "*təyāšîm*": "male goats, he-goats", "*rəḥēlîm*": "ewes, female sheep", "*ʾêlîm*": "rams, male sheep" } } 16 { "verseID": "Genesis.32.16", "source": "גְּמַלִּ֧ים מֵינִיק֛וֹת וּבְנֵיהֶ֖ם שְׁלֹשִׁ֑ים פָּר֤וֹת אַרְבָּעִים֙ וּפָרִ֣ים עֲשָׂרָ֔ה אֲתֹנֹ֣ת עֶשְׂרִ֔ים וַעְיָרִ֖ם עֲשָׂרָֽה׃", "text": "*gəmallîm mênîqôt* and-sons-their thirty, *pārôt ʾarbāʿîm* and-*pārîm* ten, *ʾătōnōt* twenty and-*ʿăyārîm* ten.", "grammar": { "*gəmallîm*": "masculine plural noun - camels", "*mênîqôt*": "Hiphil participle, feminine plural - nursing, giving milk", "*pārôt*": "feminine plural noun - cows", "*ʾarbāʿîm*": "number - forty", "*pārîm*": "masculine plural noun - bulls", "*ʾătōnōt*": "feminine plural noun - female donkeys", "*ʿăyārîm*": "masculine plural noun - male donkeys, foals" }, "variants": { "*gəmallîm*": "camels", "*mênîqôt*": "nursing, giving milk, suckling", "*pārôt*": "cows, heifers", "*pārîm*": "bulls, bullocks, young bulls", "*ʾătōnōt*": "female donkeys, she-asses", "*ʿăyārîm*": "male donkeys, colts, young donkeys" } } 17 { "verseID": "Genesis.32.17", "source": "וַיִּתֵּן֙ בְּיַד־עֲבָדָ֔יו עֵ֥דֶר עֵ֖דֶר לְבַדּ֑וֹ וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֶל־עֲבָדָיו֙ עִבְר֣וּ לְפָנַ֔י וְרֶ֣וַח תָּשִׂ֔ימוּ בֵּ֥ין עֵ֖דֶר וּבֵ֥ין עֵֽדֶר׃", "text": "*wə-yittēn* in-hand-of-servants-his *ʿēder ʿēder* separately *wə-yōʾmer* to-servants-his *ʿibrû* before-me and-*rewaḥ tāśîmû* between *ʿēder* and-between *ʿēder*.", "grammar": { "*wə-yittēn*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he gave", "*ʿēder*": "masculine singular noun - flock, herd", "*wə-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*ʿibrû*": "Qal imperative, masculine plural - pass over, cross over", "*rewaḥ*": "masculine singular noun - space, interval", "*tāśîmû*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you shall put" }, "variants": { "*yittēn*": "to give, to put, to set", "*ʿēder*": "flock, herd, drove", "*yōʾmer*": "to say, to command, to tell", "*ʿibrû*": "pass over, cross over, go ahead", "*rewaḥ*": "space, interval, breathing room", "*tāśîmû*": "to put, to place, to set" } } 18 { "verseID": "Genesis.32.18", "source": "וַיְצַ֥ו אֶת־הָרִאשׁ֖וֹן לֵאמֹ֑ר כִּ֣י יִֽפְגָּשְׁךָ֞ עֵשָׂ֣ו אָחִ֗י וִשְׁאֵֽלְךָ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר לְמִי־אַ֙תָּה֙ וְאָ֣נָה תֵלֵ֔ךְ וּלְמִ֖י אֵ֥לֶּה לְפָנֶֽיךָ׃", "text": "*wə-yəṣaw ʾet*-the-first *lēmōr kî yipgāšəkā ʿēśāw* brother-my and-*šəʾēləkā lēmōr* to-whom-you and-where *tēlēk* and-to-whom these before-you.", "grammar": { "*wə-yəṣaw*": "waw consecutive + Piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he commanded", "*lēmōr*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - saying", "*kî*": "conjunction - when, if", "*yipgāšəkā*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - he meets you", "*šəʾēləkā*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - he asks you", "*tēlēk*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you are going" }, "variants": { "*yəṣaw*": "to command, to order, to charge", "*lēmōr*": "saying, to say", "*yipgāšəkā*": "he meets you, he encounters you", "*šəʾēləkā*": "he asks you, he inquires of you", "*tēlēk*": "you go, you walk, you travel" } } 19 { "verseID": "Genesis.32.19", "source": "וְאָֽמַרְתָּ֙ לְעַבְדְּךָ֣ לְיַעֲקֹ֔ב מִנְחָ֥ה הִוא֙ שְׁלוּחָ֔ה לֽ͏ַאדֹנִ֖י לְעֵשָׂ֑ו וְהִנֵּ֥ה גַם־ה֖וּא אַחֲרֵֽינוּ׃", "text": "*wə-ʾāmartā* to-servant-your to-*yaʿăqōb minḥāh hiwʾ šəlûḥāh* to-lord-my to-*ʿēśāw wə-hinnēh* also-he after-us.", "grammar": { "*wə-ʾāmartā*": "waw consecutive + Qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - and you shall say", "*minḥāh*": "feminine singular noun - gift, present", "*hiwʾ*": "3rd feminine singular pronoun - it", "*šəlûḥāh*": "Qal passive participle, feminine singular - sent", "*wə-hinnēh*": "waw conjunction + interjection - and behold" }, "variants": { "*ʾāmartā*": "you shall say, you are to say", "*minḥāh*": "gift, present, tribute, offering", "*šəlûḥāh*": "sent, dispatched", "*hinnēh*": "behold, look, see" } } 20 { "verseID": "Genesis.32.20", "source": "וַיְצַ֞ו גַּ֣ם אֶת־הַשֵּׁנִ֗י גַּ֚ם אֶת־הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֔י גַּ֚ם אֶת־כָּל־הַהֹ֣לְכִ֔ים אַחֲרֵ֥י הָעֲדָרִ֖ים לֵאמֹ֑ר כַּדָּבָ֤ר הַזֶּה֙ תְּדַבְּר֣וּן אֶל־עֵשָׂ֔ו בְּמֹצַאֲכֶ֖ם אֹתֽוֹ׃", "text": "*wə-yəṣaw* also *ʾet*-the-second also *ʾet*-the-third also *ʾet*-all-the-*hōləkîm* after the-*ʿădārîm lēmōr ka-dābār* the-this *tədabbərûn* to-*ʿēśāw* in-finding-you him.", "grammar": { "*wə-yəṣaw*": "waw consecutive + Piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he commanded", "*hōləkîm*": "Qal participle, masculine plural - going, walking", "*ʿădārîm*": "masculine plural noun - flocks, herds", "*lēmōr*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - saying", "*ka-dābār*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - like the word", "*tədabbərûn*": "Piel imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you shall speak" }, "variants": { "*yəṣaw*": "to command, to charge, to order", "*hōləkîm*": "going, walking, traveling", "*ʿădārîm*": "flocks, herds, droves", "*lēmōr*": "saying, to say", "*dābār*": "word, matter, thing", "*tədabbərûn*": "you shall speak, you are to talk" } } 21 { "verseID": "Genesis.32.21", "source": "וַאֲמַרְתֶּ֕ם גַּ֗ם הִנֵּ֛ה עַבְדְּךָ֥ יַעֲקֹ֖ב אַחֲרֵ֑ינוּ כִּֽי־אָמַ֞ר אֲכַפְּרָ֣ה פָנָ֗יו בַּמִּנְחָה֙ הַהֹלֶ֣כֶת לְפָנָ֔י וְאַחֲרֵי־כֵן֙ אֶרְאֶ֣ה פָנָ֔יו אוּלַ֖י יִשָּׂ֥א פָנָֽי׃", "text": "*wə-ʾămartem* also *hinnēh* servant-your *yaʿăqōb* after-us for-*ʾāmar ʾăkappərāh pānāyw ba-minḥāh* the-*hōleket* before-me and-after-so *ʾerʾeh pānāyw ʾûlay yiśśāʾ pānāy*.", "grammar": { "*wə-ʾămartem*": "waw consecutive + Qal perfect, 2nd masculine plural - and you shall say", "*hinnēh*": "interjection - behold", "*ʾāmar*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he said", "*ʾăkappərāh*": "Piel imperfect cohortative, 1st common singular - I will appease", "*pānāyw*": "common plural noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his face", "*ba-minḥāh*": "preposition + definite article + feminine singular noun - with the gift", "*hōleket*": "Qal participle, feminine singular - going", "*ʾerʾeh*": "Qal imperfect, 1st common singular - I will see", "*ʾûlay*": "adverb - perhaps", "*yiśśāʾ*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will lift up", "*pānāy*": "common plural noun + 1st common singular suffix - my face" }, "variants": { "*ʾămartem*": "you shall say, you are to say", "*hinnēh*": "behold, look, see", "*ʾāmar*": "he said, he thought, he commanded", "*ʾăkappərāh*": "I will appease, I will pacify, I will cover (wrath)", "*pānāyw*": "his face, his presence, his countenance", "*minḥāh*": "gift, present, offering", "*hōleket*": "going, proceeding, traveling", "*ʾerʾeh*": "I will see, I will look upon, I will observe", "*yiśśāʾ pānāy*": "he will lift up my face, he will accept me, he will show me favor" } }
  • 1 Sam 25:14 : 14 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.25.14", "source": "וְלַאֲבִיגַ֙יִל֙ אֵ֣שֶׁת נָבָ֔ל הִגִּ֧יד נַֽעַר־אֶחָ֛ד מֵהַנְּעָרִ֖ים לֵאמֹ֑ר הִנֵּ֣ה שָׁלַח֩ דָּוִ֨ד מַלְאָכִ֧ים ׀ מֵֽהַמִּדְבָּ֛ר לְבָרֵ֥ךְ אֶת־אֲדֹנֵ֖ינוּ וַיָּ֥עַט בָּהֶֽם׃", "text": "And-to-*laʾĂbîgayil* *ʾēšet* *Nābāl* *higgîd* *naʿar*-one from-the-*mēhannəʿārîm* saying *hinnēh* *šālaḥ* *Dāwid* *malʾākîm* from-the-*mēhammidəbār* to-*ləbārēk* *ʾet*-our-master and *wayyāʿaṭ* at-them.", "grammar": { "*laʾĂbîgayil*": "preposition + proper noun - to Abigail", "*ʾēšet*": "noun feminine singular construct - wife of", "*Nābāl*": "proper noun - Nabal", "*higgîd*": "hiphil perfect 3ms - he told", "*naʿar*": "noun masculine singular - young man", "*mēhannəʿārîm*": "preposition + noun masculine plural with definite article - from the young men", "*hinnēh*": "interjection - behold", "*šālaḥ*": "qal perfect 3ms - he sent", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*malʾākîm*": "noun masculine plural - messengers", "*mēhammidəbār*": "preposition + noun masculine singular with definite article - from the wilderness", "*ləbārēk*": "preposition + piel infinitive construct - to bless", "*wayyāʿaṭ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he flew at" }, "variants": { "*wayyāʿaṭ*": "flew at/screamed at/railed at/scolded/insulted" } }
  • 1 Sam 25:24-44 : 24 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.25.24", "source": "וַתִּפֹּל֙ עַל־רַגְלָ֔יו וַתֹּ֕אמֶר בִּי־אֲנִ֥י אֲדֹנִ֖י הֶֽעָוֺ֑ן וּֽתְדַבֶּר־נָ֤א אֲמָֽתְךָ֙ בְּאָזְנֶ֔יךָ וּשְׁמַ֕ע אֵ֖ת דִּבְרֵ֥י אֲמָתֶֽךָ׃", "text": "wə-*tippōl* upon-*raglāyw* wə-*tōʾmer* upon-me-I *ʾădōnî* the-*ʿāwōn* u-*tədabbēr*-*nāʾ* *ʾămātəḵā* in-*ʾozneyḵā* u-*šəmaʿ* *ʾēt* *dibrê* *ʾămāteḵā*", "grammar": { "wə-": "conjunction - and", "*tippōl*": "verb, Qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person feminine singular - she fell", "*raglāyw*": "noun, feminine dual with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his feet", "*tōʾmer*": "verb, Qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person feminine singular - she said", "*ʾădōnî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my lord", "*ʿāwōn*": "noun, masculine singular - iniquity", "u-": "conjunction - and", "*tədabbēr*": "verb, Piel imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - she will speak", "*nāʾ*": "particle - please", "*ʾămātəḵā*": "noun, feminine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your maidservant", "*ʾozneyḵā*": "noun, feminine dual with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your ears", "*šəmaʿ*": "verb, Qal imperative, masculine singular - hear", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*dibrê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - words of", "*ʾămāteḵā*": "noun, feminine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your maidservant" }, "variants": { "*tippōl*": "she fell/she prostrated herself", "*ʿāwōn*": "iniquity/guilt/fault", "*tədabbēr*": "she will speak/let her speak", "*dibrê*": "words of/speech of/matters of" } } 25 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.25.25", "source": "אַל־נָ֣א יָשִׂ֣ים אֲדֹנִ֣י ׀ אֶת־לִבּ֡וֹ אֶל־אִישׁ֩ הַבְּלִיַּ֨עַל הַזֶּ֜ה עַל־נָבָ֗ל כִּ֤י כִשְׁמוֹ֙ כֶּן־ה֔וּא נָבָ֣ל שְׁמ֔וֹ וּנְבָלָ֖ה עִמּ֑וֹ וֽ͏ַאֲנִי֙ אֲמָ֣תְךָ֔ לֹ֥א רָאִ֛יתִי אֶת־נַעֲרֵ֥י אֲדֹנִ֖י אֲשֶׁ֥ר שָׁלָֽחְתָּ׃", "text": "not-*nāʾ* *yāśîm* *ʾădōnî* *ʾet*-*libbô* unto-*ʾîš* the-*bəliyyaʿal* this upon-*nābāl* *kî* like-*šəmô* thus-he *nābāl* *šəmô* u-*nəbālâ* with-him wə-I *ʾămātəḵā* not *rāʾîtî* *ʾet*-*naʿărê* *ʾădōnî* which *šālāḥtā*", "grammar": { "*nāʾ*": "particle - please", "*yāśîm*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular jussive - let him set", "*ʾădōnî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my lord", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*libbô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his heart", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man", "*bəliyyaʿal*": "noun, masculine singular - worthlessness/wickedness", "*nābāl*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Nabal", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*šəmô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his name", "*nābāl*": "adjective, masculine singular - foolish", "*šəmô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his name", "u-": "conjunction - and", "*nəbālâ*": "noun, feminine singular - folly/senselessness", "*ʾămātəḵā*": "noun, feminine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your maidservant", "*rāʾîtî*": "verb, Qal perfect, 1st person singular - I saw", "*naʿărê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - young men of", "*ʾădōnî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my lord", "*šālāḥtā*": "verb, Qal perfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you sent" }, "variants": { "*yāśîm*": "let him set/let him regard/let him pay attention to", "*bəliyyaʿal*": "worthlessness/wickedness/vileness", "*nābāl*": "foolish/senseless/godless", "*nəbālâ*": "folly/senselessness/disgraceful conduct" } } 26 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.25.26", "source": "וְעַתָּ֣ה אֲדֹנִ֗י חַי־יְהוָ֤ה וְחֵֽי־נַפְשְׁךָ֙ אֲשֶׁ֨ר מְנָעֲךָ֤ יְהוָה֙ מִבּ֣וֹא בְדָמִ֔ים וְהוֹשֵׁ֥עַ יָדְךָ֖ לָ֑ךְ וְעַתָּ֗ה יִֽהְי֤וּ כְנָבָל֙ אֹיְבֶ֔יךָ וְהַֽמְבַקְשִׁ֥ים אֶל־אֲדֹנִ֖י רָעָֽה׃", "text": "wə-*ʿattâ* *ʾădōnî* *ḥay*-*YHWH* wə-*ḥê*-*napšəḵā* which *mənāʿăḵā* *YHWH* from-*bôʾ* in-*dāmîm* wə-*hôšēaʿ* *yādəḵā* to-you wə-*ʿattâ* *yihyû* like-*nābāl* *ʾōyəbeyḵā* wə-the-*məbaqəšîm* unto-*ʾădōnî* *rāʿâ*", "grammar": { "wə-": "conjunction - and", "*ʿattâ*": "adverb - now", "*ʾădōnî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my lord", "*ḥay*": "adjective, masculine singular construct - living/life of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/LORD", "*ḥê*": "adjective, masculine singular construct - living/life of", "*napšəḵā*": "noun, feminine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your soul", "*mənāʿăḵā*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - he has kept you", "*bôʾ*": "verb, Qal infinitive construct - coming/entering", "*dāmîm*": "noun, masculine plural - blood/bloodshed", "*hôšēaʿ*": "verb, Hifil infinitive construct - saving/helping", "*yādəḵā*": "noun, feminine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your hand", "*yihyû*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they will be", "*nābāl*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Nabal", "*ʾōyəbeyḵā*": "noun, masculine plural with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your enemies", "*məbaqəšîm*": "verb, Piel participle, masculine plural - seeking", "*rāʿâ*": "noun, feminine singular - evil/harm" }, "variants": { "*mənāʿăḵā*": "he has kept you/he has restrained you/he has prevented you", "*bôʾ* in-*dāmîm*": "coming into bloodshed/bloodguilt/shedding blood", "*hôšēaʿ*": "saving/helping/delivering", "*yādəḵā*": "your hand/your power", "*məbaqəšîm*": "seeking/searching for/desiring" } } 27 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.25.27", "source": "וְעַתָּה֙ הַבְּרָכָ֣ה הַזֹּ֔את אֲשֶׁר־הֵבִ֥יא שִׁפְחָתְךָ֖ לַֽאדֹנִ֑י וְנִתְּנָה֙ לַנְּעָרִ֔ים הַמִּֽתְהַלְּכִ֖ים בְּרַגְלֵ֥י אֲדֹנִֽי׃", "text": "wə-*ʿattâ* the-*bərāḵâ* this which-*hēbîʾ* *šipḥātəḵā* to-*ladōnî* wə-*nittənâ* to-the-*nəʿārîm* the-*mithallḵîm* in-*raglê* *ʾădōnî*", "grammar": { "wə-": "conjunction - and", "*ʿattâ*": "adverb - now", "*bərāḵâ*": "noun, feminine singular - blessing/gift", "*hēbîʾ*": "verb, Hifil perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he has brought", "*šipḥātəḵā*": "noun, feminine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your maidservant", "*ladōnî*": "preposition with noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - to my lord", "*nittənâ*": "verb, Nifal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - it has been given", "*nəʿārîm*": "noun, masculine plural - young men/servants", "*mithallḵîm*": "verb, Hitpael participle, masculine plural - walking about", "*raglê*": "noun, feminine dual construct - feet of", "*ʾădōnî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my lord" }, "variants": { "*bərāḵâ*": "blessing/gift/present", "*hēbîʾ*": "he has brought/he has presented", "*šipḥātəḵā*": "your maidservant/your female servant", "*nittənâ*": "it has been given/let it be given", "*mithallḵîm*": "walking about/following/going" } } 28 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.25.28", "source": "שָׂ֥א נָ֖א לְפֶ֣שַׁע אֲמָתֶ֑ךָ כִּ֣י עָשֹֽׂה־יַעֲשֶׂה֩ יְהוָ֨ה לַֽאדֹנִ֜י בַּ֣יִת נֶאֱמָ֗ן כִּי־מִלְחֲמ֤וֹת יְהוָה֙ אֲדֹנִ֣י נִלְחָ֔ם וְרָעָ֛ה לֹא־תִמָּצֵ֥א בְךָ֖ מִיָּמֶֽיךָ׃", "text": "*śāʾ* *nāʾ* to-*pešaʿ* *ʾămāteḵā* *kî* doing-*yaʿăśeh* *YHWH* to-*ladōnî* *bayit* *neʾĕmān* *kî*-*milḥămôt* *YHWH* *ʾădōnî* *nilḥām* wə-*rāʿâ* not-*timmāṣēʾ* in-you from-*yāmeyḵā*", "grammar": { "*śāʾ*": "verb, Qal imperative, masculine singular - forgive/pardon", "*nāʾ*": "particle - please", "*pešaʿ*": "noun, masculine singular - transgression", "*ʾămāteḵā*": "noun, feminine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your maidservant", "*kî*": "conjunction - because/for", "*yaʿăśeh*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will make", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/LORD", "*ladōnî*": "preposition with noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - for my lord", "*bayit*": "noun, masculine singular - house", "*neʾĕmān*": "verb, Nifal participle, masculine singular - established/sure", "*milḥămôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - battles of", "*ʾădōnî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my lord", "*nilḥām*": "verb, Nifal participle, masculine singular - fighting", "wə-": "conjunction - and", "*rāʿâ*": "noun, feminine singular - evil/harm", "*timmāṣēʾ*": "verb, Nifal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - it will be found", "*yāmeyḵā*": "noun, masculine plural with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your days" }, "variants": { "*śāʾ*": "forgive/pardon/lift up", "*pešaʿ*": "transgression/rebellion/sin", "*bayit* *neʾĕmān*": "sure house/enduring dynasty/established household", "*milḥămôt* *YHWH*": "battles of Yahweh/the LORD's wars", "*nilḥām*": "fighting/waging war", "*timmāṣēʾ*": "it will be found/it will appear/it will exist" } } 29 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.25.29", "source": "וַיָּ֤קָם אָדָם֙ לִרְדָפְךָ֔ וּלְבַקֵּ֖שׁ אֶת־נַפְשֶׁ֑ךָ וְֽהָיְתָה֩ נֶ֨פֶשׁ אֲדֹנִ֜י צְרוּרָ֣ה ׀ בִּצְר֣וֹר הַחַיִּ֗ים אֵ֚ת יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ וְאֵ֨ת נֶ֤פֶשׁ אֹיְבֶ֙יךָ֙ יְקַלְּעֶ֔נָּה בְּת֖וֹךְ כַּ֥ף הַקָּֽלַע׃", "text": "And if *yāqām* *ʾādām* to *rādap* you, and to *bāqēš* *ʾet*-*nepeš* yours, then shall be *nepeš* of my lord *ṣerûrāh* in *ṣerôr* the *ḥayyîm* with *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhîm* yours, but *ʾēt* *nepeš* of *ʾōyebîm* yours he will *qālaʿ* in *tôk* *kap* the *qālaʿ*.", "grammar": { "*yāqām*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masc singular with waw-consecutive - rises up/stands up", "*ʾādām*": "masculine singular noun - man/person/Adam", "*rādap*": "infinitive construct with preposition lamed - to pursue", "*bāqēš*": "Piel infinitive construct with preposition lamed - to seek", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*nepeš*": "feminine singular noun - soul/life/person", "*ṣerûrāh*": "Qal passive participle, feminine singular - bound/tied up/kept secure", "*ṣerôr*": "masculine singular construct - bundle/pouch", "*ḥayyîm*": "masculine plural noun - life/living", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun - God/gods", "*ʾōyebîm*": "Qal participle, masculine plural - enemies", "*qālaʿ*": "Piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - will sling/hurl", "*tôk*": "masculine singular construct - midst/middle", "*kap*": "feminine singular construct - palm/hollow/pouch", "*qālaʿ*": "masculine singular noun - sling" }, "variants": { "*ʾādām*": "man/person/mankind/human", "*nepeš*": "soul/life/person/breath/self", "*ṣerûrāh*": "bound/tied up/kept secure/preserved", "*ṣerôr*": "bundle/pouch/bag", "*ḥayyîm*": "life/living beings/livelihood", "*qālaʿ*": "to sling/hurl/throw forcefully" } } 30 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.25.30", "source": "וְהָיָ֗ה כִּֽי־יַעֲשֶׂ֤ה יְהוָה֙ לַֽאדֹנִ֔י כְּכֹ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּ֥ר אֶת־הַטּוֹבָ֖ה עָלֶ֑יךָ וְצִוְּךָ֥ לְנָגִ֖יד עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "And it shall be when *yaʿăśeh* *YHWH* to my lord according to all that he *dibber* *ʾet*-the *ṭôbāh* concerning you, and *ṣiwwəkā* to *nāgîd* over-*Yiśrāʾēl*.", "grammar": { "*hāyāh*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular with waw-consecutive - will be/happen", "*yaʿăśeh*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - will do/make", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*dibber*": "Piel perfect 3rd masculine singular - spoke/promised", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ṭôbāh*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - good thing/goodness", "*ṣiwwəkā*": "Piel perfect 3rd masculine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - will command/appoint you", "*nāgîd*": "masculine singular noun - leader/ruler/prince", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*yaʿăśeh*": "do/make/accomplish/perform", "*ṭôbāh*": "good/pleasant/agreeable/beneficial", "*nāgîd*": "leader/ruler/prince/commander", "*ṣiwwəkā*": "command you/appoint you/commission you" } } 31 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.25.31", "source": "וְלֹ֣א תִהְיֶ֣ה זֹ֣את ׀ לְךָ֡ לְפוּקָה֩ וּלְמִכְשׁ֨וֹל לֵ֜ב לַאדֹנִ֗י וְלִשְׁפָּךְ־דָּם֙ חִנָּ֔ם וּלְהוֹשִׁ֥יעַ אֲדֹנִ֖י ל֑וֹ וְהֵיטִ֤ב יְהוָה֙ לַֽאדֹנִ֔י וְזָכַרְתָּ֖ אֶת־אֲמָתֶֽךָ׃", "text": "And not *tihyeh* this to you for *pûqāh* and for *mikšôl* *lēb* to my lord, and for *šāpak*-*dām* without cause, and for *hôšîaʿ* my lord to himself, and when *hêṭîb* *YHWH* to my lord, then *zākartā* *ʾet*-*ʾămātekā*.", "grammar": { "*tihyeh*": "Qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - will be/become", "*pûqāh*": "feminine singular noun - stumbling block/cause of grief", "*mikšôl*": "masculine singular construct - stumbling block/occasion of stumbling", "*lēb*": "masculine singular noun - heart/mind/inner person", "*šāpak*": "Qal infinitive construct - to pour out/shed", "*dām*": "masculine singular noun - blood", "*ḥinnām*": "adverb - without cause/freely/in vain", "*hôšîaʿ*": "Hiphil infinitive construct - to save/deliver/help", "*hêṭîb*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd masculine singular with waw-consecutive - will do good/deal well with", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*zākartā*": "Qal perfect 2nd masculine singular with waw-consecutive - you will remember", "*ʾămātekā*": "feminine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your maidservant" }, "variants": { "*pûqāh*": "stumbling block/cause of grief/staggering", "*mikšôl*": "stumbling block/offense/obstacle", "*lēb*": "heart/mind/inner person/will", "*šāpak*": "pour out/shed/spill", "*ḥinnām*": "without cause/freely/gratuitously/in vain", "*hôšîaʿ*": "save/deliver/help/rescue", "*zākartā*": "remember/call to mind/mention" } } 32 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.25.32", "source": "וַיֹּ֥אמֶר דָּוִ֖ד לַאֲבִיגַ֑ל בָּר֤וּךְ יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֲשֶׁ֧ר שְׁלָחֵ֛ךְ הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּ֖ה לִקְרָאתִֽי׃", "text": "And *yōʾmer* *Dāwid* to *ʾĂbîgal*: *bārûk* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhê* *Yiśrāʾēl*, who *šəlāḥēk* the day the this to *qirʾātî*.", "grammar": { "*yōʾmer*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw-consecutive - said", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*ʾĂbîgal*": "proper noun - Abigail", "*bārûk*": "Qal passive participle, masculine singular - blessed", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "masculine plural construct - God of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*šəlāḥēk*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular with 2nd feminine singular suffix - sent you", "*qirʾātî*": "feminine singular noun with 1st singular suffix - to meet me" }, "variants": { "*bārûk*": "blessed/praised", "*šəlāḥēk*": "sent you/dispatched you", "*qirʾātî*": "meeting me/encountering me" } } 33 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.25.33", "source": "וּבָר֥וּךְ טַעְמֵ֖ךְ וּבְרוּכָ֣ה אָ֑תְּ אֲשֶׁ֨ר כְּלִתִ֜נִי הַיּ֤וֹם הַזֶּה֙ מִבּ֣וֹא בְדָמִ֔ים וְהֹשֵׁ֥עַ יָדִ֖י לִֽי׃", "text": "And *bārûk* *ṭaʿmēk* and *bərûkāh* *ʾātt*, who *kəlitinî* the day the this from *bôʾ* in *dāmîm*, and *hōšēaʿ* *yādî* to me.", "grammar": { "*bārûk*": "Qal passive participle, masculine singular - blessed", "*ṭaʿmēk*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your discretion/discernment", "*bərûkāh*": "Qal passive participle, feminine singular - blessed", "*ʾātt*": "2nd feminine singular independent pronoun - you", "*kəlitinî*": "Qal perfect 2nd feminine singular with 1st singular suffix - you have kept/restrained me", "*bôʾ*": "Qal infinitive construct - coming/entering", "*dāmîm*": "masculine plural noun - blood/bloodshed/bloodguilt", "*hōšēaʿ*": "Hiphil infinitive construct - to save/deliver", "*yādî*": "feminine singular noun with 1st singular suffix - my hand" }, "variants": { "*ṭaʿmēk*": "your discretion/discernment/judgment/good sense", "*kəlitinî*": "restrained me/kept me/prevented me", "*dāmîm*": "blood/bloodshed/bloodguilt/murder", "*hōšēaʿ*": "save/deliver/help/rescue" } } 34 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.25.34", "source": "וְאוּלָ֗ם חַי־יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר מְנָעַ֔נִי מֵהָרַ֖ע אֹתָ֑ךְ כִּ֣י ׀ לוּלֵ֣י מִהַ֗רְתְּ *ותבאתי **וַתָּבֹאת֙ לִקְרָאתִ֔י כִּ֣י אִם־נוֹתַ֧ר לְנָבָ֛ל עַד־א֥וֹר הַבֹּ֖קֶר מַשְׁתִּ֥ין בְּקִֽיר׃", "text": "But *ʾûlām* *ḥay*-*YHWH* *ʾĕlōhê* *Yiśrāʾēl*, who *məuāʿanî* from *hāraʿ* to you, for unless *mihartə* and *tābōʾt* to *qirʾātî*, surely not would have *nôtar* to *Nābāl* until *ʾôr* the *bōqer* *maštîn* in *qîr*.", "grammar": { "*ʾûlām*": "adverb - however/but/nevertheless", "*ḥay*": "adjective, masculine singular construct - living/alive", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "masculine plural construct - God of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*məuāʿanî*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular with 1st singular suffix - prevented me", "*hāraʿ*": "Hiphil infinitive construct - to do evil/harm", "*mihartə*": "Piel perfect 2nd feminine singular - you hurried/hastened", "*tābōʾt*": "Qal perfect 2nd feminine singular - you came", "*qirʾātî*": "feminine singular noun with 1st singular suffix - to meet me", "*nôtar*": "Niphal perfect 3rd masculine singular - would have remained/been left", "*Nābāl*": "proper noun - Nabal", "*ʾôr*": "masculine singular construct - light of", "*bōqer*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the morning", "*maštîn*": "Hiphil participle, masculine singular - one who urinates", "*qîr*": "masculine singular noun - wall" }, "variants": { "*ḥay*": "living/alive/as surely as lives", "*məuāʿanî*": "prevented me/kept me from/restrained me", "*hāraʿ*": "to do evil/harm/hurt", "*nôtar*": "remained/been left/survived", "*maštîn* in *qîr*": "one who urinates against a wall (idiom for male)" } } 35 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.25.35", "source": "וַיִּקַּ֤ח דָּוִד֙ מִיָּדָ֔הּ אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר־הֵבִ֖יאָה ל֑וֹ וְלָ֣הּ אָמַ֗ר עֲלִ֤י לְשָׁלוֹם֙ לְבֵיתֵ֔ךְ רְאִי֙ שָׁמַ֣עְתִּי בְקוֹלֵ֔ךְ וָאֶשָּׂ֖א פָּנָֽיִךְ׃", "text": "And *yiqqaḥ* *Dāwid* from *yādāh* *ʾēt* that *hēbîʾāh* to him, and to her *ʾāmar*: *ʿălî* to *šālôm* to *bêtēk*, see, *šāmaʿtî* to *qôlēk*, and *ʾeśśāʾ* *pānāyik*.", "grammar": { "*yiqqaḥ*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw-consecutive - took", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*yādāh*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her hand", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*hēbîʾāh*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd feminine singular - she brought", "*ʾāmar*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - said", "*ʿălî*": "Qal imperative feminine singular - go up", "*šālôm*": "masculine singular noun - peace/welfare", "*bêtēk*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your house", "*šāmaʿtî*": "Qal perfect 1st singular - I have heard/listened to", "*qôlēk*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your voice", "*ʾeśśāʾ*": "Qal imperfect 1st singular with waw-consecutive - I have lifted up/shown favor to", "*pānāyik*": "common plural noun with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your face" }, "variants": { "*šālôm*": "peace/welfare/safety/prosperity", "*šāmaʿtî* to *qôlēk*": "I have heard your voice/heeded your words/listened to you", "*ʾeśśāʾ* *pānāyik*": "lifted up your face/shown you favor/granted your request (idiom)" } } 36 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.25.36", "source": "וַתָּבֹ֣א אֲבִיגַ֣יִל ׀ אֶל־נָבָ֡ל וְהִנֵּה־לוֹ֩ מִשְׁתֶּ֨ה בְּבֵית֜וֹ כְּמִשְׁתֵּ֣ה הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ וְלֵ֤ב נָבָל֙ ט֣וֹב עָלָ֔יו וְה֥וּא שִׁכֹּ֖ר עַד־מְאֹ֑ד וְלֹֽא־הִגִּ֣ידָה לּ֗וֹ דָּבָ֥ר קָטֹ֛ן וְגָד֖וֹל עַד־א֥וֹר הַבֹּֽקֶר׃", "text": "And *tābōʾ* *ʾĂbîgayil* to-*Nābāl* and behold *lô* *mišteh* in *bêtô* like *mištēh* the *melek*, and *lēb* *Nābāl* *ṭôb* upon him, and he *šikkōr* unto-very much, and not *higgîdāh* to him *dābār* *qāṭōn* and *gādôl* until-*ʾôr* the *bōqer*.", "grammar": { "*tābōʾ*": "Qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular with waw-consecutive - came", "*ʾĂbîgayil*": "proper noun - Abigail", "*Nābāl*": "proper noun - Nabal", "*lô*": "preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - to him", "*mišteh*": "masculine singular noun - feast/banquet", "*bêtô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his house", "*mištēh*": "masculine singular construct - feast of", "*melek*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the king", "*lēb*": "masculine singular construct - heart of", "*ṭôb*": "adjective, masculine singular - good/merry", "*šikkōr*": "adjective, masculine singular - drunk", "*higgîdāh*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd feminine singular - she told", "*dābār*": "masculine singular noun - word/matter/thing", "*qāṭōn*": "adjective, masculine singular - small", "*gādôl*": "adjective, masculine singular - great/large", "*ʾôr*": "masculine singular construct - light of", "*bōqer*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the morning" }, "variants": { "*mišteh*": "feast/banquet/drinking party", "*lēb* *ṭôb*": "heart was merry/cheerful/in good spirits", "*šikkōr*": "drunk/intoxicated", "*dābār* *qāṭōn* and *gādôl*": "anything at all (idiom: neither small nor great thing)" } } 37 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.25.37", "source": "וַיְהִ֣י בַבֹּ֗קֶר בְּצֵ֤את הַיַּ֙יִן֙ מִנָּבָ֔ל וַתַּגֶּד־ל֣וֹ אִשְׁתּ֔וֹ אֶת־הַדְּבָרִ֖ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה וַיָּ֤מָת לִבּוֹ֙ בְּקִרְבּ֔וֹ וְה֖וּא הָיָ֥ה לְאָֽבֶן׃", "text": "And *yəhî* in the *bōqer*, in *ṣēʾt* the *yayin* from *Nābāl*, and *taggēd*-to him *ʾištô* *ʾet*-the *dəbārîm* the these, and *yāmāt* *libbô* in *qirbô*, and he *hāyāh* like *ʾāben*.", "grammar": { "*yəhî*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw-consecutive - it happened/came to pass", "*bōqer*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the morning", "*ṣēʾt*": "Qal infinitive construct - going out/departing", "*yayin*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the wine", "*Nābāl*": "proper noun - Nabal", "*taggēd*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd feminine singular with waw-consecutive - told", "*ʾištô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his wife", "*dəbārîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the words/matters", "*yāmāt*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw-consecutive - died", "*libbô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his heart", "*qirbô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his midst/within him", "*hāyāh*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - became", "*ʾāben*": "feminine singular noun - stone" }, "variants": { "*ṣēʾt* the *yayin*": "when the wine had gone out (idiom for sobering up)", "*yāmāt* *libbô*": "his heart died (idiom for extreme fear/shock)", "*hāyāh* like *ʾāben*": "became like stone (idiom for paralyzed/stunned/immobilized)" } } 38 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.25.38", "source": "וַיְהִ֖י כַּעֲשֶׂ֣רֶת הַיָּמִ֑ים וַיִּגֹּ֧ף יְהוָ֛ה אֶת־נָבָ֖ל וַיָּמֹֽת׃", "text": "And *yəhî* about *ʿăśeret* the *yāmîm*, and *yiggōp* *YHWH* *ʾet*-*Nābāl* and *yāmōt*.", "grammar": { "*yəhî*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw-consecutive - it was/happened", "*ʿăśeret*": "feminine singular construct - ten of", "*yāmîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the days", "*yiggōp*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw-consecutive - struck", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*Nābāl*": "proper noun - Nabal", "*yāmōt*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw-consecutive - died" }, "variants": { "*ʿăśeret* the *yāmîm*": "about ten days/after about ten days", "*yiggōp*": "struck/smote/afflicted" } } 39 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.25.39", "source": "וַיִּשְׁמַ֣ע דָּוִד֮ כִּ֣י מֵ֣ת נָבָל֒ וַיֹּ֡אמֶר בָּר֣וּךְ יְהוָ֡ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר רָב֩ אֶת־רִ֨יב חֶרְפָּתִ֜י מִיַּ֣ד נָבָ֗ל וְאֶת־עַבְדּוֹ֙ חָשַׂ֣ךְ מֵֽרָעָ֔ה וְאֵת֙ רָעַ֣ת נָבָ֔ל הֵשִׁ֥יב יְהוָ֖ה בְּרֹאשׁ֑וֹ וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח דָּוִד֙ וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר בַּאֲבִיגַ֔יִל לְקַחְתָּ֥הּ ל֖וֹ לְאִשָּֽׁה׃", "text": "And *yišmaʿ* *Dāwid* that *mēt* *Nābāl*, and *yōʾmer*: *bārûk* *YHWH* who *rāb* *ʾet*-*rîb* *ḥerpātî* from *yad* *Nābāl*, and *ʾet*-*ʿabdô* *ḥāśak* from *rāʿāh*, and *ʾēt* *rāʿat* *Nābāl* *hēšîb* *YHWH* on *rōʾšô*. And *yišlaḥ* *Dāwid* and *yədabbēr* with *ʾĂbîgayil* to *qaḥtāh* to him for *ʾiššāh*.", "grammar": { "*yišmaʿ*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw-consecutive - heard", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*mēt*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - died/was dead", "*Nābāl*": "proper noun - Nabal", "*yōʾmer*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw-consecutive - said", "*bārûk*": "Qal passive participle, masculine singular - blessed", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*rāb*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - pleaded/contended", "*rîb*": "masculine singular construct - cause/case/dispute of", "*ḥerpātî*": "feminine singular noun with 1st singular suffix - my reproach/insult", "*yad*": "feminine singular construct - hand of", "*ʿabdô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his servant", "*ḥāśak*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - kept back/withheld", "*rāʿāh*": "feminine singular noun - evil/harm", "*rāʿat*": "feminine singular construct - evil/wickedness of", "*hēšîb*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd masculine singular - returned/brought back", "*rōʾšô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his head", "*yišlaḥ*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw-consecutive - sent", "*yədabbēr*": "Piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw-consecutive - spoke", "*ʾĂbîgayil*": "proper noun - Abigail", "*qaḥtāh*": "Qal infinitive construct with 3rd feminine singular suffix - to take her", "*ʾiššāh*": "feminine singular noun - wife" }, "variants": { "*rāb* *rîb*": "pleaded the cause/contended the case/defended the right", "*ḥerpātî*": "my reproach/insult/shame/disgrace", "*ḥāśak*": "kept back/withheld/restrained", "*hēšîb*": "returned/brought back/repaid", "*rōʾšô*": "on his head (idiom for personal responsibility/consequence)" } } 40 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.25.40", "source": "וַיָּבֹ֜אוּ עַבְדֵ֥י דָוִ֛ד אֶל־אֲבִיגַ֖יִל הַכַּרְמֶ֑לָה וַיְדַבְּר֤וּ אֵלֶ֙יהָ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר דָּוִד֙ שְׁלָחָ֣נוּ אֵלַ֔יִךְ לְקַחְתֵּ֥ךְ ל֖וֹ לְאִשָּֽׁה׃", "text": "And *yābōʾû* *ʿabdê* *dāwid* to-*ʾĂbîgayil* the *Karmelāh*, and *yədabbərû* to her *lēʾmōr*: *Dāwid* *šəlāḥānû* to you to *qaḥtēk* to him for *ʾiššāh*.", "grammar": { "*yābōʾû*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural with waw-consecutive - came", "*ʿabdê*": "masculine plural construct - servants of", "*dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*ʾĂbîgayil*": "proper noun - Abigail", "*Karmelāh*": "proper noun with directional he - to Carmel", "*yədabbərû*": "Piel imperfect 3rd masculine plural with waw-consecutive - spoke", "*lēʾmōr*": "Qal infinitive construct - saying", "*šəlāḥānû*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular with 1st plural suffix - sent us", "*qaḥtēk*": "Qal infinitive construct with 2nd feminine singular suffix - to take you", "*ʾiššāh*": "feminine singular noun - wife" }, "variants": { "*Karmelāh*": "to Carmel (location)" } } 41 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.25.41", "source": "וַתָּ֕קָם וַתִּשְׁתַּ֥חוּ אַפַּ֖יִם אָ֑רְצָה וַתֹּ֗אמֶר הִנֵּ֤ה אֲמָֽתְךָ֙ לְשִׁפְחָ֔ה לִרְחֹ֕ץ רַגְלֵ֖י עַבְדֵ֥י אֲדֹנִֽי׃", "text": "And *tāqām* and *tištaḥû* *ʾappayim* *ʾārṣāh*, and *tōʾmer*: Behold, *ʾămātəkā* for *šipḥāh*, to *rəḥōṣ* *raglê* *ʿabdê* *ʾădōnî*.", "grammar": { "*tāqām*": "Qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular with waw-consecutive - arose", "*tištaḥû*": "Hishtaphel imperfect 3rd feminine singular with waw-consecutive - bowed herself", "*ʾappayim*": "masculine dual noun - face/nostrils", "*ʾārṣāh*": "feminine singular noun with directional he - to the ground", "*tōʾmer*": "Qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular with waw-consecutive - said", "*ʾămātəkā*": "feminine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your maidservant", "*šipḥāh*": "feminine singular noun - maidservant/female slave", "*rəḥōṣ*": "Qal infinitive construct - to wash", "*raglê*": "feminine dual construct - feet of", "*ʿabdê*": "masculine plural construct - servants of", "*ʾădōnî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st singular suffix - my lord" }, "variants": { "*tištaḥû* *ʾappayim* *ʾārṣāh*": "bowed with her face to the ground (idiom for deep reverence)", "*šipḥāh*": "maidservant/female slave/handmaid", "*rəḥōṣ* *raglê*": "to wash feet (act of humble service)" } } 42 { "verseID": "1_Samuel.25.42", "source": "וַתְּמַהֵ֞ר וַתָּ֣קָם אֲבִיגַ֗יִל וַתִּרְכַּב֙ עַֽל־הַחֲמ֔וֹר וְחָמֵשׁ֙ נַעֲרֹתֶ֔יהָ הַהֹלְכ֖וֹת לְרַגְלָ֑הּ וַתֵּ֗לֶךְ אַֽחֲרֵי֙ מַלְאֲכֵ֣י דָוִ֔ד וַתְּהִי־ל֖וֹ לְאִשָּֽׁה׃", "text": "*wə-təmahēr wə-tāqām ʾăbîgayil wə-tirkab* upon-*haḥămôr wə-ḥāmēš naʿărōteyhā hahōləkôt lə-ragləhā wə-tēlek ʾaḥărê malʾăkê dāwid wə-təhî-lô lə-ʾiššâ*", "grammar": { "*wə-təmahēr*": "conjunction + verb, Piel imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she hastened", "*wə-tāqām*": "conjunction + verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she arose", "*ʾăbîgayil*": "proper noun, feminine singular - Abigail", "*wə-tirkab*": "conjunction + verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she rode", "*haḥămôr*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the donkey", "*wə-ḥāmēš*": "conjunction + number - and five", "*naʿărōteyhā*": "noun, feminine plural + 3rd feminine singular possessive suffix - her young women/maidens", "*hahōləkôt*": "definite article + verb, Qal participle, feminine plural - the ones walking/going", "*lə-ragləhā*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular + 3rd feminine singular possessive suffix - at her foot/following her", "*wə-tēlek*": "conjunction + verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she went", "*ʾaḥărê*": "preposition - after/behind", "*malʾăkê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - messengers of", "*dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine singular - David", "*wə-təhî-lô*": "conjunction + verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular + preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and she became to him", "*lə-ʾiššâ*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - as wife" }, "variants": { "*təmahēr*": "hurried/hastened/made haste", "*tāqām*": "arose/stood up/got up", "*tirkab*": "rode/mounted", "*naʿărōteyhā*": "her young women/maidens/servants", "*hahōləkôt*": "who were walking/who were going/who followed", "*lə-ragləhā*": "at her foot/following her/in her footsteps", "*malʾăkê*": "messengers/envoys/representatives" } } 43 { "verseID": "1_Samuel.25.43", "source": "וְאֶת־אֲחִינֹ֛עַם לָקַ֥ח דָּוִ֖ד מִֽיִּזְרְעֶ֑אל וַתִּהְיֶ֛יןָ גַּֽם־שְׁתֵּיהֶ֥ן ל֖וֹ לְנָשִֽׁים׃", "text": "*wə-ʾet-ʾăḥînōʿam lāqaḥ dāwid mi-yizrəʿeʾl wə-tihyeynā gam-štêhen lô lə-nāšîm*", "grammar": { "*wə-ʾet*": "conjunction + direct object marker - and [direct object]", "*ʾăḥînōʿam*": "proper noun, feminine singular - Ahinoam", "*lāqaḥ*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he took", "*dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine singular - David", "*mi-yizrəʿeʾl*": "preposition + proper noun - from Jezreel", "*wə-tihyeynā*": "conjunction + verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine plural - and they became", "*gam*": "adverb - also", "*štêhen*": "number, feminine dual construct + 3rd feminine plural suffix - both of them", "*lô*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - to him", "*lə-nāšîm*": "preposition + noun, feminine plural - as wives" }, "variants": { "*lāqaḥ*": "took/married/acquired", "*mi-yizrəʿeʾl*": "from Jezreel (city/region)", "*tihyeynā*": "they became/they were", "*gam-štêhen*": "also both of them/even the two of them" } } 44 { "verseID": "1_Samuel.25.44", "source": "וְשָׁא֗וּל נָתַ֛ן אֶת־מִיכַ֥ל בִּתּ֖וֹ אֵ֣שֶׁת דָּוִ֑ד לְפַלְטִ֥י בֶן־לַ֖יִשׁ אֲשֶׁ֥ר מִגַּלִּֽים׃", "text": "*wə-šāʾûl nātan ʾet-mîkal bittô ʾēšet dāwid lə-paltî ben-layiš ʾăšer mi-gallîm*", "grammar": { "*wə-šāʾûl*": "conjunction + proper noun, masculine singular - and Saul", "*nātan*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he gave", "*ʾet-mîkal*": "direct object marker + proper noun, feminine singular - Michal", "*bittô*": "noun, feminine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his daughter", "*ʾēšet*": "noun, feminine singular construct - wife of", "*dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine singular - David", "*lə-paltî*": "preposition + proper noun, masculine singular - to Palti", "*ben-layiš*": "noun, masculine singular construct + proper noun - son of Laish", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who/which", "*mi-gallîm*": "preposition + proper noun - from Gallim" }, "variants": { "*nātan*": "gave/handed over/granted", "*ʾēšet*": "wife of/woman of/spouse of", "*mi-gallîm*": "from Gallim (place name)" } }