Exodus 10:21

American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

And Jehovah said unto Moses, Stretch out thy hand toward heaven, that there may be darkness over the land of Egypt, even darkness which may be felt.

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֗ה נְטֵ֤ה יָֽדְךָ֙ עַל־הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וִ֥יהִי חֹ֖שֶׁךְ עַל־אֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם וְיָמֵ֖שׁ חֹֽשֶׁךְ׃

Transliteration

wa-yōʾmer YHWH ʾel-mōšeh nəṭēh yādəkā ʿal-ha-šāmayim wîhî ḥōšek ʿal-ʾereṣ miṣrāyim wə-yāmēš ḥōšek

Grammar Details

• *wa-yōʾmer*: conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and said
• *YHWH*: proper noun - divine name
• *ʾel-mōšeh*: preposition + proper noun - to Moses
• *nəṭēh*: Qal imperative masculine singular - stretch out
• *yādəkā*: noun feminine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your hand
• *ʿal-ha-šāmayim*: preposition + definite article + noun masculine plural - toward the heavens
• *wîhî*: conjunction + Qal jussive 3rd masculine singular - that there may be
• *ḥōšek*: noun masculine singular - darkness
• *ʿal-ʾereṣ*: preposition + noun feminine singular construct - over the land of
• *miṣrāyim*: proper noun - Egypt
• *wə-yāmēš*: conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular jussive - that may be felt

Word Meanings

• *yāmēš*: may be felt/may be thick/may be tangible
• *ḥōšek*: darkness/obscurity

Referenced Verses

• Ps 105:28 : 28 He sent darkness, and made it dark; And they rebelled not against his words.
• Exod 9:22 : 22 And Jehovah said unto Moses, Stretch forth thy hand toward heaven, that there may be hail in all the land of Egypt, upon man, and upon beast, and upon every herb of the field, throughout the land of Egypt.
• Deut 28:29 : 29 and thou shalt grope at noonday, as the blind gropeth in darkness, and thou shalt not prosper in thy ways: and thou shalt be only oppressed and robbed alway, and there shall be none to save thee.
• Ps 35:6 : 6 Let their way be dark and slippery, And the angel of Jehovah pursuing them.
• Ps 78:49 : 49 He cast upon them the fierceness of his anger, Wrath, and indignation, and trouble, A band of angels of evil.
• Prov 4:19 : 19 The way of the wicked is as darkness: They know not at what they stumble.
• Eccl 2:14 : 14 The wise man's eyes are in his head, and the fool walketh in darkness: and yet I perceived that one event happeneth to them all.
• Eccl 6:4 : 4 for it cometh in vanity, and departeth in darkness, and the name thereof is covered with darkness;
• Isa 8:21-22 : 21 And they shall pass through it, sore distressed and hungry; and it shall come to pass that, when they shall be hungry, they shall fret themselves, and curse by their king and by their God, and turn their faces upward: 22 and they shall look unto the earth, and behold, distress and darkness, the gloom of anguish; and into thick darkness [they shall be] driven away.
• Matt 27:45 : 45 Now from the sixth hour there was darkness over all the land until the ninth hour.
• Mark 15:33 : 33 And when the sixth hour was come, there was darkness over the whole land until the ninth hour.
• Luke 23:44 : 44 And it was now about the sixth hour, and a darkness came over the whole land until the ninth hour,
• 2 Pet 2:4 : 4 For if God spared not angels when they sinned, but cast them down to hell, and committed them to pits of darkness, to be reserved unto judgment;
• 2 Pet 2:17 : 17 These are springs without water, and mists driven by a storm; for whom the blackness of darkness hath been reserved.
• Jude 1:6 : 6 And angels that kept not their own principality, but left their proper habitation, he hath kept in everlasting bonds under darkness unto the judgment of the great day.
• Jude 1:13 : 13 Wild waves of the sea, foaming out their own shame; wandering stars, for whom the blackness of darkness hath been reserved for ever.
• Rev 16:10-11 : 10 And the fifth {G32} poured out his bowl upon the throne of the beast; and his kingdom was darkened; and they gnawed their tongues for pain, 11 and they blasphemed the God of heaven because of their pains and their sores; and they repented not of their works.