Psalms 60:1

American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

For the Chief Musician; set to Shushan Eduth. Michtam of David, to teach; when he strove with Aram-naharaim and with Aram-zobah, and Joab returned, and smote of Edom in the Valley of Salt twelve thousand. O God thou hast cast us off, thou hast broken us down; Thou hast been angry; oh restore us again.

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

לַ֭מְנַצֵּחַ עַל־שׁוּשַׁ֣ן עֵד֑וּת מִכְתָּ֖ם לְדָוִ֣ד לְלַמֵּֽד׃

Transliteration

To-the-mənaṣṣēaḥ upon-šûšan ʿēdût miktām to-dāwid to-lammēd

Grammar Details

• *mənaṣṣēaḥ*: definite article + piel participle, masculine singular - to the director/conductor/chief musician
• *šûšan*: construct form, masculine singular - lily/lotus
• *ʿēdût*: feminine singular noun - testimony/witness
• *miktām*: masculine singular noun - inscription/writing (possibly a musical or literary designation)
• *dāwid*: proper name - David
• *lammēd*: preposition + piel infinitive construct - to teach/instruct

Word Meanings

• *mənaṣṣēaḥ*: chief musician/conductor/director
• *šûšan* *ʿēdût*: lily of testimony/possibly a musical instrument or tune name
• *miktām*: inscription/golden psalm/silent prayer/musical or poetic term of uncertain meaning
• *lammēd*: for teaching/to instruct

Referenced Verses

• Ps 44:9 : 9 But now thou hast cast [us] off, and brought us to dishonor, And goest not forth with our hosts.
• Ps 80:3 : 3 Turn us again, O God; And cause thy face to shine, and we shall be saved.
• Ps 60:10 : 10 Hast not thou, O God, cast us off? And thou goest not forth, O God, with our hosts.
• 1 Chr 18:3 : 3 And David smote Hadarezer king of Zobah unto Hamath, as he went to establish his dominion by the river Euphrates.
• 2 Sam 5:20 : 20 And David came to Baal-perazim, and David smote them there; and he said, Jehovah hath broken mine enemies before me, like the breach of waters. Therefore he called the name of that place Baal-perazim.
• 2 Sam 8:3 : 3 David smote also Hadadezer the son of Rehob, king of Zobah, as he went to recover his dominion at the {H6578} River.
• 2 Sam 10:16 : 16 And Hadarezer sent, and brought out the Syrians that were beyond the River: and they came to Helam, with Shobach the captain of the host of Hadarezer at their head.
• 2 Kgs 14:7 : 7 He slew of Edom in the Valley of Salt ten thousand, and took Sela by war, and called the name of it Joktheel, unto this day.
• 2 Sam 8:12-13 : 12 of Syria, and of Moab, and of the children of Ammon, and of the Philistines, and of Amalek, and of the spoil of Hadadezer, son of Rehob, king of Zobah. 13 And David gat him a name when he returned from smiting the Syrians in the Valley of Salt, even eighteen thousand men.
• 1 Sam 4:10-11 : 10 And the Philistines fought, and Israel was smitten, and they fled every man to his tent: and there was a very great slaughter; for there fell of Israel thirty thousand footmen. 11 And the ark of God was taken; and the two sons of Eli, Hophni and Phinehas, were slain.
• 1 Sam 4:17 : 17 And he that brought the tidings answered and said, Israel is fled before the Philistines, and there hath been also a great slaughter among the people, and thy two sons also, Hophni and Phinehas, are dead, and the ark of God is taken.
• 1 Sam 13:6-7 : 6 When the men of Israel saw that they were in a strait (for the people were distressed), then the people did hide themselves in caves, and in thickets, and in rocks, and in coverts, and in pits. 7 Now some of the Hebrews had gone over the Jordan to the land of Gad and Gilead; but as for Saul, he was yet in Gilgal, and all the people followed him trembling.
• 1 Sam 13:11 : 11 And Samuel said, What hast thou done? And Saul said, Because I saw that the people were scattered from me, and that thou camest not within the days appointed, and that the Philistines assembled themselves together at Michmash;
• 1 Sam 13:19-22 : 19 Now there was no smith found throughout all the land of Israel; for the Philistines said, Lest the Hebrews make them swords or spears: 20 but all the Israelites went down to the Philistines, to sharpen every man his share, and his coulter, and his axe, and his mattock; 21 yet they had a file for the mattocks, and for the coulters, and for the forks, and for the axes, and to set the goads. 22 So it came to pass in the day of battle, that there was neither sword nor spear found in the hand of any of the people that were with Saul and Jonathan: but with Saul and with Jonathan his son was there found.
• 1 Sam 31:1-7 : 1 Now the Philistines fought against Israel: and the men of Israel fled from before the Philistines, and fell down slain in mount Gilboa. 2 And the Philistines followed hard upon Saul and upon his sons; and the Philistines slew Jonathan, and Abinadab, and Malchi-shua, the sons of Saul. 3 And the battle went sore against Saul, and the archers overtook him; and he was greatly distressed by reason of the archers. 4 Then said Saul to his armorbearer, Draw thy sword, and thrust me through therewith, lest these uncircumcised come and thrust me through, and abuse me. But his armorbearer would not; for he was sore afraid. Therefore Saul took his sword, and fell upon it. 5 And when his armorbearer saw that Saul was dead, he likewise fell upon his sword, and died with him. 6 So Saul died, and his three sons, and his armorbearer, and all his men, that same day together. 7 And when the men of Israel that were on the other side of the valley, and they that were beyond the Jordan, saw that the men of Israel fled, and that Saul and his sons were dead, they forsook the cities, and fled; and the Philistines came and dwelt in them.
• 1 Chr 18:12-13 : 12 Moreover Abishai the son of Zeruiah smote of the Edomites in the Valley of Salt eighteen thousand. 13 And he put garrisons in Edom; and all the Edomites became servants to David. And Jehovah gave victory to David whithersoever he went.
• 1 Chr 19:16-19 : 16 And when the Syrians saw that they were put to the worse before Israel, they sent messengers, and drew forth the Syrians that were beyond the River, with Shophach the captain of the host of Hadarezer at their head. 17 And it was told David; and he gathered all Israel together, and passed over the Jordan, and came upon them, and set the battle in array against them. So when David had put the battle in array against the Syrians, they fought with him. 18 And the Syrians fled before Israel; and David slew of the Syrians [the men of] seven thousand chariots, and forty thousand footmen, and killed Shophach the captain of the host. 19 And when the servants of Hadarezer saw that they were put to the worse before Israel, they made peace with David, and served him: neither would the Syrians help the children of Ammon any more.
• 1 Chr 28:9 : 9 And thou, Solomon my son, know thou the God of thy father, and serve him with a perfect heart and with a willing mind; for Jehovah searcheth all hearts, and understandeth all the imaginations of the thoughts: if thou seek him, he will be found of thee; but if thou forsake him, he will cast thee off for ever.
• 2 Chr 25:11 : 11 And Amaziah took courage, and led forth his people, and went to the Valley of Salt, and smote of the children of Seir ten thousand.
• Ps 74:1 : 1 Maschil of Asaph. O God, why hast thou cast [us] off for ever? Why doth thine anger smoke against the sheep of thy pasture?
• Ps 79:5 : 5 How long, O Jehovah? wilt thou be angry for ever? Shall thy jealousy burn like fire?
• Ps 79:9 : 9 Help us, O God of our salvation, for the glory of thy name; And deliver us, and forgive our sins, for thy name's sake.
• Ps 85:4 : 4 Turn us, O God of our salvation, And cause thine indignation toward us to cease.
• Ps 89:3 : 3 I have made a covenant with my chosen, I have sworn unto David my servant:
• Ps 89:7 : 7 A God very terrible in the council of the holy ones, And to be feared above all them that are round about him?
• Ps 89:19 : 19 Then thou spakest in vision to thy saints, And saidst, I have laid help upon one that is mighty; I have exalted one chosen out of the people.
• Ps 89:38 : 38 But thou hast cast off and rejected, Thou hast been wroth with thine anointed.
• Ps 90:13 : 13 Return, O Jehovah; How long? And let it repent thee concerning thy servants.
• Ps 108:11 : 11 Hast not thou cast us off, O God? And thou goest not forth, O God, with our hosts.
• Lam 3:31-32 : 31 For the Lord will not cast off for ever. 32 For though he cause grief, yet will he have compassion according to the multitude of his lovingkindnesses.
• Zech 10:6 : 6 And I will strengthen the house of Judah, and I will save the house of Joseph, and I will bring them back; for I have mercy upon them; and they shall be as though I had not cast them off: for I am Jehovah their God, and I will hear them.
• Rom 11:1-2 : 1 I say then, Did God cast off his people? God forbid. For I also am an Israelite, of the seed of Abraham, of the tribe of Benjamin. 2 God did not cast off his people which he foreknew. Or know ye not what the scripture saith of Elijah? how he pleadeth with God against Israel:
• Ps 59:1 : 1 For the Chief Musician; [set to] Al-tashheth. [A Psalm] of David. Michtam; when Saul sent, and they watched the house to kill him. Deliver me from mine enemies, O my God: Set me on high from them that rise up against me.
• Ps 59:11 : 11 Slay them not, lest my people forget: Scatter them by thy power, and bring them down, O Lord our shield.