Amos 1:11

Bible in Basic English (1941)

These are the words of the Lord: For three crimes of Edom, and for four, I will not let its fate be changed; because his sword was turned against his brother, without pity, and his wrath was burning at all times, and he was angry for ever.

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה עַל־שְׁלֹשָׁה֙ פִּשְׁעֵ֣י אֱד֔וֹם וְעַל־אַרְבָּעָ֖ה לֹ֣א אֲשִׁיבֶ֑נּוּ עַל־רָדְפ֨וֹ בַחֶ֤רֶב אָחִיו֙ וְשִׁחֵ֣ת רַחֲמָ֔יו וַיִּטְרֹ֤ף לָעַד֙ אַפּ֔וֹ וְעֶבְרָת֖וֹ שְׁמָ֥רָה נֶֽצַח׃

Transliteration

Thus ʾāmar YHWH for-šəlōšāh pišʿê ʾĕdôm and-for-ʾarbāʿāh not ʾăšîbenû for-rādpô with-ḥereb ʾāḥîw and-šiḥēt raḥămāyw and-yiṭrōp forever ʾappô and-ʿebrātô šəmārāh neṣaḥ

Grammar Details

• *ʾāmar*: perfect, 3rd masculine singular - said/has said
• *YHWH*: proper name - LORD/Yahweh
• *šəlōšāh*: cardinal number, masculine - three
• *pišʿê*: construct state, masculine plural - transgressions of
• *ʾĕdôm*: proper name - Edom
• *ʾarbāʿāh*: cardinal number, masculine - four
• *ʾăšîbenû*: imperfect, 1st singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - I will restore/turn back it
• *rādpô*: infinitive construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his pursuing
• *ḥereb*: feminine singular noun - sword
• *ʾāḥîw*: masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his brother
• *šiḥēt*: perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he destroyed
• *raḥămāyw*: masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his compassions
• *yiṭrōp*: imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he tears/rends
• *ʾappô*: masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his anger
• *ʿebrātô*: feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his fury
• *šəmārāh*: perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she kept
• *neṣaḥ*: masculine singular noun - perpetuity/forever

Word Meanings

• *pišʿê*: transgressions/rebellions/crimes
• *ʾăšîbenû*: I will not revoke/turn back/restore the punishment
• *rādpô*: his pursuing/chasing/persecuting
• *šiḥēt* *raḥămāyw*: he destroyed his compassions/stifled his mercy/suppressed his pity
• *yiṭrōp*: he tears/rends/ravages
• *ʾappô*: his anger/wrath/nose
• *ʿebrātô*: his fury/rage/wrath
• *šəmārāh* *neṣaḥ*: kept forever/maintained perpetually/preserved eternally

Referenced Verses

• Num 20:14-21 : 14 Then Moses sent men from Kadesh to the king of Edom to say to him, Your brother Israel says, You have knowledge of all the things we have been through; 15 How our fathers went down into Egypt, and we were living in Egypt for a long time; and the Egyptians were cruel to us and to our fathers: 16 And the Lord gave ear to the voice of our cry, and sent an angel and took us out of Egypt: and now we are in Kadesh, a town on the edge of your land; 17 Let us now go through your land: we will not go into field or vine-garden, or take the water of the springs; we will go by the highway, not turning to the right or to the left, till we have gone past the limits of your land. 18 And Edom said, You are not to go through my land, for if you do I will come out against you with the sword. 19 And the children of Israel said to him, We will go up by the highway: and if we or our cattle take of your water, we will give you a price for it: only let us go through on our feet, nothing more. 20 But he said, You are not to go through. And Edom came out against them in his strength, with a great army. 21 So Edom would not let Israel go through his land; and Israel went in another direction.
• 2 Chr 28:17 : 17 For the Edomites had come again, attacking Judah and taking away prisoners.
• Jer 49:7-9 : 7 About Edom. This is what the Lord of armies has said. Is there no more wisdom in Teman? have wise suggestions come to an end among men of good sense? has their wisdom completely gone? 8 Go in flight, go back, take cover in deep places, you who are living in Dedan; for I will send the fate of Edom on him, even the time of his punishment. 9 If men came to get your grapes, would they not let some be uncut on the vines? if thieves came by night, would they not make waste till they had enough? 10 I have had Esau searched out, uncovering his secret places, so that he may not keep himself covered: his seed is wasted and has come to an end, and there is no help from his neighbours. 11 Put in my care your children who have no father, and I will keep them safe; and let your widows put their faith in me. 12 For the Lord has said, Those for whom the cup was not made ready will certainly be forced to take of it; and are you to go without punishment? you will not be without punishment, but will certainly be forced to take from the cup. 13 For I have taken an oath by myself, says the Lord, that Bozrah will become a cause of wonder, a name of shame, a waste and a curse; and all its towns will be waste places for ever. 14 Word has come to me from the Lord, and a representative has been sent to the nations, to say, Come together and go up against her, and take your places for the fight. 15 For see, I have made you small among the nations, looked down on by men. 16 ... the pride of your heart has been a false hope, O you who are living in the cracks of the rock, keeping your place on the top of the hill: even if you made your living-place as high as the eagle, I would make you come down, says the Lord. 17 And Edom will become a cause of wonder: everyone who goes by will be overcome with wonder, and make sounds of fear at all her punishments. 18 As at the downfall of Sodom and Gomorrah and their neighbouring towns, says the Lord, no man will be living in it, no son of man will have a resting-place there. 19 See, he will come up like a lion from the thick growth of Jordan against the resting-place of Teman: but I will suddenly make him go in flight from her; and I will put over her the man of my selection: for who is like me? and who will put forward his cause against me? and what keeper of sheep will be able to keep his place before me? 20 For this cause give ear to the decision of the Lord which he has made against Edom, and to his purposes designed against the people of Teman: Truly, they will be pulled away by the smallest of the flock; truly, he will make waste their fields with them. 21 The earth is shaking with the noise of their fall; their cry is sounding in the Red Sea. 22 See, he will come up like an eagle in flight, stretching out his wings against Bozrah: and the hearts of Edom's men of war on that day will be like the heart of a woman in birth-pains.
• Ezek 25:12-14 : 12 This is what the Lord has said: Because Edom has taken his payment from the people of Judah, and has done great wrong in taking payment from them; 13 The Lord has said, My hand will be stretched out against Edom, cutting off from it man and beast: and I will make it waste, from Teman even as far as Dedan they will be put to the sword. 14 I will take payment from Edom because of my people Israel; and I will take Edom in hand in my wrath and in my passion: and they will have experience of my reward, says the Lord.
• Ezek 35:1-9 : 1 Then the word of the Lord came to me, saying, 2 Son of man, let your face be turned to Mount Seir, and be a prophet against it, 3 And say to it, This is what the Lord has said: See, I am against you, O Mount Seir, and my hand will be stretched out against you, and I will make you a waste and a cause for wonder. 4 I will make your towns unpeopled and you will be a waste; and you will be certain that I am the Lord. 5 Because yours has been a hate without end, and you have given up the children of Israel to the power of the sword in the time of their trouble, in the time of the punishment of the end: 6 For this cause, by my life, says the Lord, because you have been sinning through blood, blood will come after you. 7 And I will make Mount Seir a cause for wonder and a waste, cutting off from it all comings and goings. 8 I will make his mountains full of those who have been put to death; in your valleys and in all your water-streams men will be falling by the sword. 9 I will make you waste for ever, and your towns will be unpeopled: and you will be certain that I am the Lord. 10 Because you have said, The two nations and the two countries are to be mine, and we will take them for our heritage; though the Lord was there: 11 For this cause, by my life, says the Lord, I will do to you as you have done in your wrath and in your envy, which you have made clear in your hate for them; and I will make clear to you who I am when you are judged by me. 12 And you will see that I the Lord have had knowledge of all the bitter things which you have said against the mountains of Israel, saying, They have been made waste, they are given to us to take for our heritage. 13 And you have made yourselves great against me with your mouths, increasing your words against me; and it has come to my ears. 14 This is what the Lord has said: Because you were glad over my land when it was a waste, so will I do to you: 15 You will become a waste, O Mount Seir, and all Edom, even all of it: and you will be certain that I am the Lord.
• Mal 1:4 : 4 Though Edom says, We are crushed down but we will come back, building up the waste places; this is what the Lord of armies has said: They may put up buildings, but I will have them pulled down; and they will be named The land of evil-doing, and The people against whom the Lord keeps his wrath for ever.
• Joel 3:19 : 19 Masses on masses in the valley of decision! for the day of the Lord is near in the valley of decision.
• Obad 1:1-9 : 1 The vision of Obadiah. This is what the Lord has said about Edom: We have had word from the Lord, and a representative has been sent among the nations, saying, Up! and let us make war against her. 2 See, I have made you small among the nations: you are much looked down on. 3 You have been tricked by the pride of your heart, O you whose living-place is in the cracks of the rock, whose house is high up; who has said in his heart, Who will make me come down to earth? 4 Though you go up on high like an eagle, though your house is placed among the stars, I will make you come down from there, says the Lord. 5 If thieves came, attacking you by night, (how are you cut off!) would they not go on taking till they had enough? if men came cutting your grapes would they take them all? 6 How are the things of Esau searched out! how are his secret stores looked for! 7 All the men who were united with you have been false to you, driving you out to the edge of the land: the men who were at peace with you have overcome you; they have taken their heritage in your place. 8 Will I not, in that day, says the Lord, take away the wise men out of Edom, and wisdom out of the mountain of Esau? 9 And your men of war, O Teman, will be overcome with fear, so that every one of them may be cut off from the mountain of Esau. 10 Because you were the cause of violent death and because of your cruel behaviour to your brother Jacob, you will be covered with shame and will be cut off for ever. 11 Because you were there watching when men from other lands took away his goods, and strange men came into his doors, and put the fate of Jerusalem to the decision of chance; you were like one of them. 12 Do not see with pleasure your brother's evil day, the day of his fate, and do not be glad over the children of Judah on the day of their destruction, or make wide your mouth on the day of trouble. 13 Do not go into the doors of my people on the day of their downfall; do not be looking on their trouble with pleasure on the day of their downfall, or put your hands on their goods on the day of their downfall. 14 And do not take your place at the cross-roads, cutting off those of his people who get away; and do not give up to their haters those who are still there in the day of trouble.
• Mic 7:18 : 18 Who is a God like you, offering forgiveness for evil-doing and overlooking the sins of the rest of his heritage? he does not keep his wrath for ever, because his delight is in mercy.
• Mal 1:2 : 2 You have been loved by me, says the Lord. But you say, Where was your love for us? Was not Esau Jacob's brother? says the Lord: but Jacob was loved by me,
• Isa 57:16 : 16 For I will not give punishment for ever, or be angry without end: for from me breath goes out; and I it was who made the souls.
• Isa 63:1-7 : 1 Who is this who comes from Edom, with blood-red robes from Bozrah? he whose clothing is fair, stepping with pride in his great strength? I whose glory is in the right, strong for salvation. 2 Why is your clothing red, and why are your robes like those of one who is crushing the grapes? 3 I have been crushing the grapes by myself, and of the peoples there was no man with me: in my wrath and in my passion, they were crushed under my feet; and my robes are marked with their life-blood, and all my clothing is red. 4 For the day of punishment is in my heart, and the year for the payment of the price for my people has come. 5 And I saw that there was no helper, and I was wondering that no one gave them support: so my arm did the work of salvation, and my wrath was my support. 6 And in my passion the peoples were crushed under my feet, and broken in my wrath, and I put down their strength to the earth. 7 I will give news of the mercies of the Lord, and his great acts, even all the things the Lord has done for us, in his great grace to the house of Israel; even all he has done for us in his unnumbered mercies.
• Ps 137:7 : 7 O Lord, keep in mind against the children of Edom the day of Jerusalem; how they said, Let it be uncovered, uncovered even to its base.
• Eccl 7:9 : 9 Be not quick to let your spirit be angry; because wrath is in the heart of the foolish.
• Isa 21:11-12 : 11 The word about Edom. A voice comes to me from Seir, Watchman, how far gone is the night? how far gone is the night? 12 The watchman says, The morning has come, but night is still to come: if you have questions to put, put them, and come back again.
• Isa 34:1-9 : 1 Come near, you nations, and give ear; take note, you peoples: let the earth and everything in it give ear; the world and all those living in it. 2 For the Lord is angry with all the nations, and his wrath is burning against all their armies: he has put them to the curse, he has given them to destruction. 3 Their dead bodies will be thick on the face of the earth, and their smell will come up, and the mountains will be flowing with their blood, and all the hills will come to nothing. 4 And the heavens will be rolled together like the roll of a book: and all their army will be gone, like a dead leaf from the vine, or a dry fruit from the fig-tree. 5 For my sword in heaven is full of wrath: see, it is coming down on Edom, in punishment on the people of my curse. 6 The sword of the Lord is full of blood, it is fat with the best of the meat, with the blood of lambs and goats, with the best parts of the sheep: for the Lord has a feast in Bozrah, and much cattle will be put to death in the land of Edom. 7 And the strong oxen will go down to death together with the smaller cattle. 8 For it is the day of the Lord's punishment, when he gives payment for the wrongs done to Zion. 9 And its streams will be turned into boiling oil, and its dust into burning stone, and all the land will be on fire. 10 It will not be put out day or night; its smoke will go up for ever: it will be waste from generation to generation; no one will go through it for ever. 11 But the birds of the waste land will have their place there; it will be a heritage for the bittern and the raven: and it will be measured out with line and weight as a waste land. 12 The jackals will be there, and her great ones will be gone; they will say, There is no longer a kingdom there, and all her chiefs will have come to an end. 13 And thorns will come up in her fair houses, and waste plants in her strong towers: and foxes will make their holes there, and it will be a meeting-place for ostriches. 14 And the beasts of the waste places will come together with the jackals, and the evil spirits will be crying to one another, even the night-spirit will come and make her resting-place there. 15 The arrowsnake will make her hole and put her eggs there, and get her young together under her shade: there the hawks will come together by twos. 16 See what is recorded in the book of the Lord: all these will be there, not one without the other: the mouth of the Lord has given the order, and his spirit has made them come together. 17 And he has given them their heritage, and by his hand it has been measured out to them: it will be theirs for ever, their resting-place from generation to generation.
• Ps 83:3-8 : 3 They have made wise designs against your people, talking together against those whom you keep in a secret place. 4 They have said, Come, let us put an end to them as a nation; so that the name of Israel may go out of man's memory. 5 For they have all come to an agreement; they are all joined together against you: 6 The tents of Edom and the Ishmaelites; Moab and the Hagarites; 7 Gebal and Ammon and Amalek; the Philistines and the people of Tyre; 8 Assur is joined with them; they have become the support of the children of Lot. (Selah.)
• Ps 85:5 : 5 Will you go on being angry with us for ever? will you keep your wrath against us through all the long generations?
• Deut 2:4-8 : 4 And give the people orders, saying, You are about to go through the land of your brothers, the children of Esau, who are living in Seir; and they will have fear of you; so take care what you do: 5 Make no attack on them, for I will not give you any of their land, not even space enough for a man's foot: because I have given Mount Seir to Esau for his heritage. 6 You may get food for your needs from them for a price, and water for drinking. 7 For the blessing of the Lord your God has been on you in all the work of your hands: he has knowledge of your wanderings through this great waste: these forty years the Lord your God has been with you, and you have been short of nothing. 8 So we went on past our brothers, the children of Esau, living in Seir, by the road through the Arabah, from Elath and Ezion-geber. And turning, we went by the road through the waste land of Moab.
• Deut 23:7 : 7 But have no hate for an Edomite, because he is your brother, or for an Egyptian, for you were living in his land.
• Lam 4:21-22 : 21 Have joy and be glad, O daughter of Edom, living in the land of Uz: the cup will be given to you in your turn, and you will be overcome with wine and your shame will be seen. 22 The punishment of your evil-doing is complete, O daughter of Zion; never again will he take you away as a prisoner: he will give you the reward of your evil-doing, O daughter of Edom; he will let your sin be uncovered.
• Eph 4:26-27 : 26 Be angry without doing wrong; let not the sun go down on your wrath; 27 And do not give way to the Evil One.
• Eph 5:1 : 1 Let it then be your desire to be like God, as well-loved children;
• Gen 27:40-41 : 40 By your sword will you get your living and you will be your brother's servant; but when your power is increased his yoke will be broken from off your neck. 41 So Esau was full of hate for Jacob because of his father's blessing; and he said in his heart, The days of weeping for my father are near; then I will put my brother Jacob to death.