1 Samuel 13:20

Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

So all the Israelites had to go down to the Philistines to sharpen each person's plowshare, mattock, axe, or sickle.

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וַיֵּרְד֥וּ כָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֑ים לִ֠לְטוֹשׁ אִ֣ישׁ אֶת־מַחֲרַשְׁתּ֤וֹ וְאֶת־אֵתוֹ֙ וְאֶת־קַרְדֻּמּ֔וֹ וְאֵ֖ת מַחֲרֵשָׁתֽוֹ׃

Transliteration

wayyērdû all-yiśrāʾēl happĕlištîm to-lilṭôš ʾîš ʾet-maḥărašĕtô and-ʾet-ʾētô and-ʾet-qardummô and-ʾēt maḥărēšātô

Grammar Details

• *wayyērdû*: waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3mp - and they went down
• *happĕlištîm*: definite article + proper noun, masculine plural - the Philistines
• *lilṭôš*: preposition + qal infinitive construct - to sharpen
• *ʾîš*: masculine singular - each man
• *maḥărašĕtô*: feminine singular construct + 3ms suffix - his plowshare
• *ʾētô*: masculine singular construct + 3ms suffix - his mattock
• *qardummô*: masculine singular construct + 3ms suffix - his axe
• *maḥărēšātô*: feminine singular construct + 3ms suffix - his plowshare/hoe

Word Meanings

• *lilṭôš*: to sharpen/to forge
• *maḥărašĕtô*: plowshare/plowblade
• *ʾētô*: mattock/pickaxe/hoe
• *maḥărēšātô*: plowshare/hoe/sickle

Other Translations

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  But all the Israelites went down to the Philistines, to sharpen every man his share, and his coulter, and his axe, and his mattock.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  But all the Israelites went down to the Philistines, to sharpen each man's plowshare, and his coulter, and his axe, and his mattock.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  But all the Israelites went down to the Philistines, to sharpen every man his share, and his coulter, and his axe, and his mattock.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  but all the Israelites went down to the Philistines, to sharpen every man his share, and his coulter, and his axe, and his mattock;

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  But all the Israelites went down to the Philistines, to sharpen every man his share, and his coulter, and his axe, and his mattock.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  And all Israel were fayne to go downe to the Philistynes, whan eny man had a plowshare, a mattock, an axe, or a sythe to sharpe:

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  Wherefore all ye Israelites went downe to the Philistims, to sharpen euery man his share, his mattocke, and his axe, and his weeding hooke.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  But all the Israelites went downe to the Philistines, to mende euery man his share, his mattocke, his axe, & weeding hooke.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  But all the Israelites went down to the Philistines, to sharpen every man his share, and his coulter, and his axe, and his mattock.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  but all the Israelites went down to the Philistines, to sharpen every man his plowshare, mattock, axe, and sickle;

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  and all Israel go down to the Philistines, to sharpen each his ploughshare, and his coulter, and his axe, and his mattock;

• American Standard Version (1901)

  but all the Israelites went down to the Philistines, to sharpen every man his share, and his coulter, and his axe, and his mattock;

• American Standard Version (1901)

  but all the Israelites went down to the Philistines, to sharpen every man his share, and his coulter, and his axe, and his mattock;

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  But all the Israelites had to go to the Philistines to get their ploughs and blades and axes and hooks made sharp;

• World English Bible (2000)

  but all the Israelites went down to the Philistines, to sharpen every man his plowshare, mattock, axe, and sickle;

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  So all Israel had to go down to the Philistines in order to get their plowshares, cutting instruments, axes, and sickles sharpened.