3{
"verseID": "1 Chronicles.19.3",
"source": "וַיֹּאמְרוּ֩ שָׂרֵ֨י בְנֵי־עַמּ֜וֹן לְחָנ֗וּן הַֽמְכַבֵּ֨ד דָּוִ֤יד אֶת־אָבִ֙יךָ֙ בְּעֵינֶ֔יךָ כִּֽי־שָׁלַ֥ח לְךָ֖ מְנַחֲמִ֑ים הֲלֹ֡א בַּ֠עֲבוּר לַחְקֹ֨ר וְלַהֲפֹ֤ךְ וּלְרַגֵּל֙ הָאָ֔רֶץ בָּ֥אוּ עֲבָדָ֖יו אֵלֶֽיךָ",
"text": "*wə-yōʾmrû śārê bənê-ʿammôn lə-Ḥānûn*, *ha-məkabbēd Dāwîd ʾet-ʾābîkā* in-*ʿênêkā* because-*šālaḥ lə-kā mənaḥămîm*? *hă-lōʾ ba-ʿăbûr laḥqōr wə-lahăpōk û-ləraggēl hā-ʾāreṣ bāʾû ʿăbādāw ʾēlêkā*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yōʾmrû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural with waw-consecutive - and they said",
"*śārê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - princes/officials of",
"*bənê-ʿammôn*": "noun, masculine plural construct + proper noun - sons of/children of Ammon",
"*lə-Ḥānûn*": "preposition + proper noun - to Hanun",
"*ha-məkabbēd*": "definite article + piel participle, masculine singular - the one honoring",
"*Dāwîd*": "proper noun, masculine singular - David",
"*ʾet-ʾābîkā*": "direct object marker + noun, masculine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your father",
"*ʿênêkā*": "noun, dual construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix - in your eyes/opinion",
"*šālaḥ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he sent",
"*lə-kā*": "preposition with 2nd masculine singular suffix - to you",
"*mənaḥămîm*": "piel participle, masculine plural - comforters",
"*hă-lōʾ*": "interrogative particle + negative particle - is it not",
"*ba-ʿăbûr*": "preposition + preposition - for the purpose of",
"*laḥqōr*": "qal infinitive construct - to search/investigate",
"*wə-lahăpōk*": "conjunction + qal infinitive construct - and to overthrow",
"*û-ləraggēl*": "conjunction + piel infinitive construct - and to spy out",
"*hā-ʾāreṣ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the land",
"*bāʾû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they came",
"*ʿăbādāw*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his servants",
"*ʾēlêkā*": "preposition with 2nd masculine singular suffix - to you"
},
"variants": {
"*śārê*": "princes/officials/leaders/commanders",
"*məkabbēd*": "honoring/respecting/giving honor to",
"*laḥqōr*": "to search/investigate/explore/examine",
"*lahăpōk*": "to overthrow/overturn/destroy",
"*ləraggēl*": "to spy/scout/explore"
}
}
4{
"verseID": "1 Chronicles.19.4",
"source": "וַיִּקַּ֨ח חָנ֜וּן אֶת־עַבְדֵ֤י דָוִיד֙ וַֽיְגַלְּחֵ֔ם וַיִּכְרֹ֧ת אֶת־מַדְוֵיהֶ֛ם בַּחֵ֖צִי עַד־הַמִּפְשָׂעָ֑ה וַֽיְשַׁלְּחֵֽם",
"text": "*wə-yiqqaḥ Ḥānûn ʾet-ʿabdê Dāwîd wə-yəgallĕḥēm*, *wə-yikrōt ʾet-madwêhem* in-the-half until-*ha-mipśāʿāh*, *wə-yəšallĕḥēm*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yiqqaḥ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with waw-consecutive - and he took",
"*Ḥānûn*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Hanun",
"*ʾet-ʿabdê*": "direct object marker + noun, masculine plural construct - the servants of",
"*Dāwîd*": "proper noun, masculine singular - David",
"*wə-yəgallĕḥēm*": "conjunction + piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - and he shaved them",
"*wə-yikrōt*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with waw-consecutive - and he cut off",
"*ʾet-madwêhem*": "direct object marker + noun, masculine plural with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their garments",
"*ba-ḥēṣî*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - in the middle/half",
"*ʿad-ha-mipśāʿāh*": "preposition + definite article + noun, feminine singular - until the buttocks/crotch",
"*wə-yəšallĕḥēm*": "conjunction + piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - and he sent them away"
},
"variants": {
"*yəgallĕḥēm*": "to shave them/cut off their hair",
"*madwêhem*": "their garments/clothes/robes",
"*mipśāʿāh*": "buttocks/crotch/genitals"
}
}
5{
"verseID": "1 Chronicles.19.5",
"source": "וַיֵּלְכוּ֩ וַיַּגִּ֨ידוּ לְדָוִ֤יד עַל־הָֽאֲנָשִׁים֙ וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח לִקְרָאתָ֔ם כִּי־הָי֥וּ הָאֲנָשִׁ֖ים נִכְלָמִ֣ים מְאֹ֑ד וַיֹּ֤אמֶר הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ שְׁב֣וּ בִֽירֵח֔וֹ עַ֛ד אֲשֶׁר־יְצַמַּ֥ח זְקַנְכֶ֖ם וְשַׁבְתֶּֽם",
"text": "*wə-yēlkû wə-yaggîdû lə-Dāwîd* concerning-*hā-ʾănāšîm*, *wə-yišlaḥ* to-meet-them, because-*hāyû hā-ʾănāšîm niklāmîm məʾōd*. *wə-yōʾmer ha-melek*, remain in-*Yərēḥô* until which-*yəṣammaḥ zəqankêm*, *wə-šabtêm*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yēlkû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd common plural with waw-consecutive - and they went",
"*wə-yaggîdû*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine plural with waw-consecutive - and they told",
"*lə-Dāwîd*": "preposition + proper noun, masculine singular - to David",
"*hā-ʾănāšîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the men",
"*wə-yišlaḥ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with waw-consecutive - and he sent",
"*hāyû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they were",
"*niklāmîm*": "niphal participle, masculine plural - humiliated/ashamed",
"*məʾōd*": "adverb - very/exceedingly",
"*wə-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with waw-consecutive - and he said",
"*ha-melek*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the king",
"*šəbû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - stay/remain",
"*Yərēḥô*": "proper noun - Jericho",
"*yəṣammaḥ*": "piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - it grows",
"*zəqankêm*": "noun, masculine singular with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your beard",
"*wə-šabtêm*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 2nd masculine plural - and you will return"
},
"variants": {
"*niklāmîm*": "humiliated/ashamed/disgraced/embarrassed",
"*yəṣammaḥ*": "grows/sprouts/flourishes",
"*zəqankêm*": "your beard/facial hair"
}
}
6{
"verseID": "1 Chronicles.19.6",
"source": "וַיִּרְאוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י עַמּ֔וֹן כִּ֥י הִֽתְבָּאֲשׁ֖וּ עִם־דָּוִ֑יד וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח חָ֠נוּן וּבְנֵ֨י עַמּ֜וֹן אֶ֣לֶף כִּכַּר־כֶּ֗סֶף לִשְׂכֹּ֣ר לָ֠הֶם מִן־אֲרַ֨ם נַהֲרַ֜יִם וּמִן־אֲרַ֤ם מַעֲכָה֙ וּמִצּוֹבָ֔ה רֶ֖כֶב וּפָרָשִֽׁים",
"text": "*wə-yirʾû bənê ʿammôn* that *hitbāʾăšû* with-*Dāwîd*, *wə-yišlaḥ Ḥānûn û-bənê ʿammôn ʾelef kikkar-kesef* to-hire for-themselves from-*ʾĂram Nahărayim* and-from-*ʾĂram Maʿăkāh* and-from-*Ṣôbāh rekeb û-pārāšîm*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yirʾû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural with waw-consecutive - and they saw",
"*bənê ʿammôn*": "noun, masculine plural construct + proper noun - sons of/children of Ammon",
"*hitbāʾăšû*": "hithpael perfect, 3rd common plural - they made themselves odious",
"*Dāwîd*": "proper noun, masculine singular - David",
"*wə-yišlaḥ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with waw-consecutive - and he sent",
"*Ḥānûn*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Hanun",
"*û-bənê*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural construct - and sons of",
"*ʿammôn*": "proper noun - Ammon",
"*ʾelef*": "number - thousand",
"*kikkar-kesef*": "noun, feminine singular construct + noun, masculine singular - talent(s) of silver",
"*li-śkōr*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to hire",
"*lāhem*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - for themselves",
"*ʾĂram Nahărayim*": "proper noun + proper noun - Aram of the two rivers (Mesopotamia)",
"*ʾĂram Maʿăkāh*": "proper noun + proper noun - Aram of Maacah",
"*Ṣôbāh*": "proper noun - Zobah",
"*rekeb*": "noun, masculine singular - chariots",
"*û-pārāšîm*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural - and horsemen"
},
"variants": {
"*hitbāʾăšû*": "they made themselves odious/became detestable/had made themselves hateful",
"*kikkar*": "talent (unit of weight, about 75 pounds)",
"*ʾĂram*": "Syria/Arameans",
"*rekeb*": "chariots/chariotry/war vehicles",
"*pārāšîm*": "horsemen/mounted soldiers/cavalry"
}
}