1{
"verseID": "1 Samuel.19.1",
"source": "וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר שָׁא֗וּל אֶל־יוֹנָתָ֤ן בְּנוֹ֙ וְאֶל־כָּל־עֲבָדָ֔יו לְהָמִ֖ית אֶת־דָּוִ֑ד וִיהֽוֹנָתָן֙ בֶּן־שָׁא֔וּל חָפֵ֥ץ בְּדָוִ֖ד מְאֹֽד׃",
"text": "And *waydabbēr* *Šāʾûl* to *Yônātān* his *bēn* and to all his *ʿăḇāḏāyw* to *hāmîṯ* *ʾeṯ*-*Dāwid*; and *Yehônāṯān* *ben*-*Šāʾûl* *ḥāp̄ēṣ* in *Dāwid* very much.",
"grammar": {
"*waydabbēr*": "waw-consecutive + Piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - 'and he spoke'",
"*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun, masculine singular - 'Saul'",
"*Yônātān*": "proper noun, masculine singular - 'Jonathan'",
"*bēn*": "noun, masculine singular construct - 'son of'",
"*ʿăḇāḏāyw*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'his servants'",
"*hāmîṯ*": "Hiphil infinitive construct - 'to kill/put to death'",
"*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine singular - 'David'",
"*Yehônāṯān*": "proper noun, masculine singular - 'Jonathan'",
"*ḥāp̄ēṣ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - 'delighted in/desired'",
"*ben*": "noun, masculine singular construct - 'son of'"
},
"variants": {
"*waydabbēr*": "spoke/talked/commanded",
"*ḥāp̄ēṣ*": "delighted in/desired/took pleasure in/favored",
"*hāmîṯ*": "to kill/to put to death/to execute",
"*ʿăḇāḏāyw*": "his servants/officials/attendants"
}
}
2{
"verseID": "1 Samuel.19.2",
"source": "וַיַּגֵּ֤ד יְהוֹנָתָן֙ לְדָוִ֣ד לֵאמֹ֔ר מְבַקֵּ֛שׁ שָׁא֥וּל אָבִ֖י לַהֲמִיתֶ֑ךָ וְעַתָּה֙ הִשָּֽׁמֶר־נָ֣א בַבֹּ֔קֶר וְיָשַׁבְתָּ֥ בַסֵּ֖תֶר וְנַחְבֵּֽאתָ׃",
"text": "And *wayyaggēḏ* *Yehônāṯān* to *Dāwid* *lēʾmōr*, \"*meḇaqqēš* *Šāʾûl* my *ʾāḇî* to *lahămîṯeḵā*; so now *hiššāmer*-*nāʾ* in the *baḇōqer*, and *weyāšaḇtā* in the *bassēṯer* and *wenaḥbēʾṯā*.\"",
"grammar": {
"*wayyaggēḏ*": "waw-consecutive + Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - 'and he told'",
"*Yehônāṯān*": "proper noun, masculine singular - 'Jonathan'",
"*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine singular - 'David'",
"*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - 'saying'",
"*meḇaqqēš*": "Piel participle, masculine singular - 'seeking'",
"*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun, masculine singular - 'Saul'",
"*ʾāḇî*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 1st person singular suffix - 'my father'",
"*lahămîṯeḵā*": "preposition + Hiphil infinitive construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix - 'to kill you'",
"*hiššāmer*": "Niphal imperative, masculine singular - 'be on guard'",
"*nāʾ*": "particle of entreaty - 'please'",
"*baḇōqer*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - 'in the morning'",
"*weyāšaḇtā*": "waw-consecutive + Qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - 'and you shall stay/sit'",
"*bassēṯer*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - 'in the hiding place/secret place'",
"*wenaḥbēʾṯā*": "waw-consecutive + Niphal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - 'and you shall hide yourself'"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyaggēḏ*": "told/reported/informed",
"*meḇaqqēš*": "seeking/trying/planning",
"*hiššāmer*": "be on guard/take care/watch yourself",
"*bassēṯer*": "in hiding/in a secret place/in concealment",
"*wenaḥbēʾṯā*": "hide yourself/conceal yourself"
}
}
3{
"verseID": "1 Samuel.19.3",
"source": "וַאֲנִ֨י אֵצֵ֜א וְעָמַדְתִּ֣י לְיַד־אָבִ֗י בַּשָּׂדֶה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אַתָּ֣ה שָׁ֔ם וַאֲנִ֕י אֲדַבֵּ֥ר בְּךָ֖ אֶל־אָבִ֑י וְרָאִ֥יתִי מָ֖ה וְהִגַּ֥דְתִּי לָֽךְ׃",
"text": "And *waʾănî* *ʾēṣēʾ* *weʿāmaḏtî* by *yaḏ*-my *ʾāḇî* in the *baśśāḏeh* *ʾăšer* *ʾattāh* *šām*, and *waʾănî* *ʾăḏabbēr* about you to my *ʾāḇî*; and *werāʾîṯî* *māh* and *wehiggaḏtî* to you.",
"grammar": {
"*waʾănî*": "waw-conjunction + personal pronoun, 1st person singular - 'and I'",
"*ʾēṣēʾ*": "Qal imperfect, 1st person singular - 'I will go out'",
"*weʿāmaḏtî*": "waw-consecutive + Qal perfect, 1st person singular - 'and I will stand'",
"*yaḏ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - 'hand/side'",
"*ʾāḇî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - 'my father'",
"*baśśāḏeh*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - 'in the field'",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - 'where/which'",
"*ʾattāh*": "personal pronoun, 2nd masculine singular - 'you'",
"*šām*": "adverb - 'there'",
"*ʾăḏabbēr*": "Piel imperfect, 1st person singular - 'I will speak'",
"*werāʾîṯî*": "waw-consecutive + Qal perfect, 1st person singular - 'and I will see'",
"*māh*": "interrogative pronoun - 'what'",
"*wehiggaḏtî*": "waw-consecutive + Hiphil perfect, 1st person singular - 'and I will tell'"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾēṣēʾ*": "I will go out/I will come out",
"*weʿāmaḏtî*": "and I will stand/and I will position myself",
"*yaḏ*": "hand/side/beside",
"*ʾăḏabbēr*": "I will speak/I will talk/I will plead",
"*werāʾîṯî*": "and I will see/and I will observe/and I will find out",
"*wehiggaḏtî*": "and I will tell/and I will report/and I will inform"
}
}
4{
"verseID": "1 Samuel.19.4",
"source": "וַיְדַבֵּ֨ר יְהוֹנָתָ֤ן בְּדָוִד֙ ט֔וֹב אֶל־שָׁא֖וּל אָבִ֑יו וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵ֠לָיו אַל־יֶחֱטָ֨א הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ בְּעַבְדּ֣וֹ בְדָוִ֗ד כִּ֣י ל֤וֹא חָטָא֙ לָ֔ךְ וְכִ֥י מַעֲשָׂ֖יו טוֹב־לְךָ֥ מְאֹֽד׃",
"text": "And *wayḏabbēr* *Yehônāṯān* concerning *Dāwid* *ṭôḇ* to *Šāʾûl* his *ʾāḇîw*; and *wayyōʾmer* to him, \"*ʾal*-*yeḥĕṭāʾ* the *hammelek* against his *beʿaḇdô* against *ḇeḏāwiḏ*, for *lôʾ* *ḥāṭāʾ* to you, and for his *maʿăśāyw* *ṭôḇ*-to you very much.",
"grammar": {
"*wayḏabbēr*": "waw-consecutive + Piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - 'and he spoke'",
"*Yehônāṯān*": "proper noun, masculine singular - 'Jonathan'",
"*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine singular - 'David'",
"*ṭôḇ*": "adjective, masculine singular - 'good'",
"*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun, masculine singular - 'Saul'",
"*ʾāḇîw*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'his father'",
"*wayyōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - 'and he said'",
"*ʾal*": "negative particle - 'not/do not'",
"*yeḥĕṭāʾ*": "Qal imperfect jussive, 3rd masculine singular - 'let him sin'",
"*hammelek*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - 'the king'",
"*beʿaḇdô*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'against his servant'",
"*ḇeḏāwiḏ*": "preposition + proper noun - 'against David'",
"*lôʾ*": "negative particle - 'not'",
"*ḥāṭāʾ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - 'he sinned'",
"*maʿăśāyw*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'his deeds'",
"*ṭôḇ*": "adjective, masculine singular - 'good'"
},
"variants": {
"*wayḏabbēr*": "spoke/talked/conversed",
"*ṭôḇ*": "good/favorable/well",
"*yeḥĕṭāʾ*": "sin against/wrong/harm",
"*ḥāṭāʾ*": "sinned/done wrong/offended",
"*maʿăśāyw*": "his deeds/actions/works"
}
}
5{
"verseID": "1 Samuel.19.5",
"source": "וַיָּשֶׂם֩ אֶת־נַפְשׁ֨וֹ בְכַפּ֜וֹ וַיַּ֣ךְ אֶת־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֗י וַיַּ֨עַשׂ יְהוָ֜ה תְּשׁוּעָ֤ה גְדוֹלָה֙ לְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל רָאִ֖יתָ וַתִּשְׂמָ֑ח וְלָ֤מָּה תֶֽחֱטָא֙ בְּדָ֣ם נָקִ֔י לְהָמִ֥ית אֶת־דָּוִ֖ד חִנָּֽם׃",
"text": "And *wayyāśem* *ʾeṯ*-his *nap̄šô* in his *ḇeḵappô* and *wayyak* *ʾeṯ*-the *happelištî*, and *wayyaʿaś* *YHWH* *tešûʿāh* *ḡeḏôlāh* for all-*Yiśrāʾēl*; you *rāʾîṯā* and *wattiśmāḥ*; and *welāmmāh* *ṯeḥĕṭāʾ* with *beḏām* *nāqî*, to *lehāmîṯ* *ʾeṯ*-*Dāwid* without cause?",
"grammar": {
"*wayyāśem*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - 'and he put'",
"*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*nap̄šô*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'his life/soul'",
"*ḇeḵappô*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'in his palm/hand'",
"*wayyak*": "waw-consecutive + Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - 'and he struck'",
"*happelištî*": "definite article + proper noun, masculine singular - 'the Philistine'",
"*wayyaʿaś*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - 'and he made'",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - 'LORD'",
"*tešûʿāh*": "noun, feminine singular - 'salvation/victory/deliverance'",
"*ḡeḏôlāh*": "adjective, feminine singular - 'great'",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - 'Israel'",
"*rāʾîṯā*": "Qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - 'you saw'",
"*wattiśmāḥ*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - 'and you rejoiced'",
"*welāmmāh*": "waw-conjunction + interrogative - 'and why'",
"*ṯeḥĕṭāʾ*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - 'you will sin'",
"*beḏām*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - 'with blood of'",
"*nāqî*": "adjective, masculine singular - 'innocent'",
"*lehāmîṯ*": "preposition + Hiphil infinitive construct - 'to kill'",
"*ḥinnām*": "adverb - 'without cause/freely/for nothing'"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyāśem*": "put/placed/risked",
"*nap̄šô*": "his life/his soul/himself",
"*ḇeḵappô*": "in his palm/in his hand/at risk",
"*wayyak*": "struck/defeated/killed",
"*tešûʿāh*": "salvation/victory/deliverance",
"*ṯeḥĕṭāʾ*": "sin/do wrong/be guilty",
"*beḏām*": "with blood/by killing",
"*nāqî*": "innocent/blameless/free from guilt",
"*ḥinnām*": "without cause/without reason/for nothing"
}
}
6{
"verseID": "1 Samuel.19.6",
"source": "וַיִּשְׁמַ֥ע שָׁא֖וּל בְּק֣וֹל יְהוֹנָתָ֑ן וַיִּשָּׁבַ֣ע שָׁא֔וּל חַי־יְהוָ֖ה אִם־יוּמָֽת׃",
"text": "And *wayyišmaʿ* *Šāʾûl* to the *beqôl* of *Yehônāṯān*; and *wayyiššāḇaʿ* *Šāʾûl*, \"*ḥay*-*YHWH* *ʾim*-*yûmāṯ*.\"",
"grammar": {
"*wayyišmaʿ*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - 'and he listened'",
"*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun, masculine singular - 'Saul'",
"*beqôl*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - 'to the voice of'",
"*Yehônāṯān*": "proper noun, masculine singular - 'Jonathan'",
"*wayyiššāḇaʿ*": "waw-consecutive + Niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - 'and he swore'",
"*ḥay*": "adjective, masculine singular construct - 'living/as lives'",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - 'LORD'",
"*ʾim*": "conditional particle - 'if'",
"*yûmāṯ*": "Hophal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - 'he will be put to death'"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyišmaʿ*": "listened to/heeded/obeyed",
"*beqôl*": "voice/words/advice",
"*wayyiššāḇaʿ*": "swore/took an oath/vowed",
"*ḥay*-*YHWH*": "as the LORD lives/by the life of the LORD",
"*ʾim*-*yûmāṯ*": "he shall not be put to death (oath formula with negative implication)"
}
}
7{
"verseID": "1 Samuel.19.7",
"source": "וַיִּקְרָ֤א יְהוֹנָתָן֙ לְדָוִ֔ד וַיַּגֶּד־לוֹ֙ יְה֣וֹנָתָ֔ן אֵ֥ת כָּל־הַדְּבָרִ֖ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה וַיָּבֵ֨א יְהוֹנָתָ֤ן אֶת־דָּוִד֙ אֶל־שָׁא֔וּל וַיְהִ֥י לְפָנָ֖יו כְּאֶתְמ֥וֹל שִׁלְשֽׁוֹם׃",
"text": "And *wayyiqrāʾ* *Yehônāṯān* to *Dāwid*, and *wayyaggeḏ*-to him *Yehônāṯān* *ʾēṯ* all-the *haddeḇārîm* *hāʾēlleh*; and *wayyāḇēʾ* *Yehônāṯān* *ʾeṯ*-*Dāwid* to *Šāʾûl*, and *wayehî* before him like *keʾeṯmôl* *šilšôm*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyiqrāʾ*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - 'and he called'",
"*Yehônāṯān*": "proper noun, masculine singular - 'Jonathan'",
"*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine singular - 'David'",
"*wayyaggeḏ*": "waw-consecutive + Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - 'and he told'",
"*ʾēṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*haddeḇārîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - 'the words/matters'",
"*hāʾēlleh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun, plural - 'these'",
"*wayyāḇēʾ*": "waw-consecutive + Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - 'and he brought'",
"*wayehî*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - 'and he was'",
"*keʾeṯmôl*": "preposition + noun - 'like yesterday'",
"*šilšôm*": "adverb - 'three days ago/before'"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyiqrāʾ*": "called/summoned",
"*wayyaggeḏ*": "told/reported/informed",
"*haddeḇārîm*": "words/matters/things",
"*wayyāḇēʾ*": "brought/led/presented",
"*keʾeṯmôl* *šilšôm*": "as before/as previously/as in the past/as formerly"
}
}