2{
"verseID": "1 Samuel.25.2",
"source": "וְאִ֨ישׁ בְּמָע֜וֹן וּמַעֲשֵׂ֣הוּ בַכַּרְמֶ֗ל וְהָאִישׁ֙ גָּד֣וֹל מְאֹ֔ד וְל֛וֹ צֹ֥אן שְׁלֹֽשֶׁת־אֲלָפִ֖ים וְאֶ֣לֶף עִזִּ֑ים וַיְהִ֛י בִּגְזֹ֥ז אֶת־צֹאנ֖וֹ בַּכַּרְמֶֽל׃",
"text": "And *ʾîš* in-*Māʿôn* and *maʿăśēhû* in-*hakkarmel* and the-*ʾîš* *gādôl* very and to-him *ṣōʾn* three-*ʾălāpîm* and one-thousand *ʿizzîm* and *wayəhî* in-*gəzōz* *ʾet*-*ṣōʾnô* in-*hakkarmel*.",
"grammar": {
"*ʾîš*": "noun masculine singular - man",
"*Māʿôn*": "proper noun - Maon",
"*maʿăśēhû*": "noun masculine singular + 3ms suffix - his business/deeds",
"*hakkarmel*": "proper noun with definite article - the Carmel",
"*gādôl*": "adjective masculine singular - great/large",
"*ṣōʾn*": "noun common singular - flock/sheep",
"*ʾălāpîm*": "noun masculine plural - thousands",
"*ʿizzîm*": "noun feminine plural - goats",
"*wayəhî*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and it happened",
"*gəzōz*": "qal infinitive construct - to shear",
"*ṣōʾnô*": "noun common singular + 3ms suffix - his flock"
},
"variants": {
"*maʿăśēhû*": "his business/work/deeds/occupation",
"*hakkarmel*": "Carmel (place name, not the mountain)"
}
}
3{
"verseID": "1 Samuel.25.3",
"source": "וְשֵׁ֤ם הָאִישׁ֙ נָבָ֔ל וְשֵׁ֥ם אִשְׁתּ֖וֹ אֲבִגָ֑יִל וְהָאִשָּׁ֤ה טֽוֹבַת־שֶׂ֙כֶל֙ וִ֣יפַת תֹּ֔אַר וְהָאִ֥ישׁ קָשֶׁ֛ה וְרַ֥ע מַעֲלָלִ֖ים וְה֥וּא כָלִבִּֽי׃",
"text": "And *šēm* the-*ʾîš* *Nābāl* and *šēm* *ʾištô* *ʾĂbîgāyil* and the-*ʾiššāh* *ṭôbat*-*śekel* and-*yəpat* *tōʾar* and the-*ʾîš* *qāšeh* and-*raʿ* *maʿălālîm* and-he *kālibî*.",
"grammar": {
"*šēm*": "noun masculine singular construct - name of",
"*ʾîš*": "noun masculine singular - man",
"*Nābāl*": "proper noun - Nabal (means 'fool')",
"*ʾištô*": "noun feminine singular + 3ms suffix - his wife",
"*ʾĂbîgāyil*": "proper noun - Abigail",
"*ʾiššāh*": "noun feminine singular - woman",
"*ṭôbat*": "adjective feminine singular construct - good of",
"*śekel*": "noun masculine singular - understanding/intelligence",
"*yəpat*": "adjective feminine singular construct - beautiful of",
"*tōʾar*": "noun masculine singular - appearance/form",
"*qāšeh*": "adjective masculine singular - hard/harsh/severe",
"*raʿ*": "adjective masculine singular - evil/bad",
"*maʿălālîm*": "noun masculine plural - deeds/practices",
"*kālibî*": "adjective masculine singular - Calebite/dog-like"
},
"variants": {
"*Nābāl*": "fool/senseless person (name means 'fool')",
"*ṭôbat*-*śekel*": "good of understanding/discernment/intelligence",
"*qāšeh*": "hard/harsh/severe/stubborn/cruel",
"*kālibî*": "1) of Caleb (descendant of Caleb) 2) dog-like (from *keleb* - dog) - textual note shows alternate reading"
}
}
4{
"verseID": "1 Samuel.25.4",
"source": "וַיִּשְׁמַ֥ע דָּוִ֖ד בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר כִּֽי־גֹזֵ֥ז נָבָ֖ל אֶת־צֹאנֽוֹ׃",
"text": "And *wayyišmaʿ* *Dāwid* in-the-*midbār* that-*gōzēz* *Nābāl* *ʾet*-*ṣōʾnô*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyišmaʿ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he heard",
"*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David",
"*midbār*": "noun masculine singular with definite article - the wilderness",
"*gōzēz*": "qal participle masculine singular - shearing",
"*Nābāl*": "proper noun - Nabal",
"*ṣōʾnô*": "noun common singular + 3ms suffix - his flock"
},
"variants": {
"*midbār*": "wilderness/desert/uninhabited land"
}
}
5{
"verseID": "1 Samuel.25.5",
"source": "וַיִּשְׁלַ֥ח דָּוִ֖ד עֲשָׂרָ֣ה נְעָרִ֑ים וַיֹּ֨אמֶר דָּוִ֜ד לַנְּעָרִ֗ים עֲל֤וּ כַרְמֶ֙לָה֙ וּבָאתֶ֣ם אֶל־נָבָ֔ל וּשְׁאֶלְתֶּם־ל֥וֹ בִשְׁמִ֖י לְשָׁלֽוֹם׃",
"text": "And *wayyišlaḥ* *Dāwid* ten *nəʿārîm* and *wayyōʾmer* *Dāwid* to-the-*nəʿārîm* go-up *karmelāh* and-*ûbāʾtem* to-*Nābāl* and-*ûšəʾeltem*-to-him in-*šəmî* to-*šālôm*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyišlaḥ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he sent",
"*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David",
"*nəʿārîm*": "noun masculine plural - young men/servants",
"*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he said",
"*karmelāh*": "proper noun + directional heh - to Carmel",
"*ûbāʾtem*": "waw conjunctive + qal perfect 2mp - and you shall come",
"*Nābāl*": "proper noun - Nabal",
"*ûšəʾeltem*": "waw conjunctive + qal perfect 2mp - and you shall ask",
"*šəmî*": "noun masculine singular + 1cs suffix - my name",
"*šālôm*": "noun masculine singular - peace/welfare"
},
"variants": {
"*nəʿārîm*": "young men/servants/attendants",
"*šālôm*": "peace/welfare/health/prosperity"
}
}
6{
"verseID": "1 Samuel.25.6",
"source": "וַאֲמַרְתֶּ֥ם כֹּ֖ה לֶחָ֑י וְאַתָּ֤ה שָׁלוֹם֙ וּבֵיתְךָ֣ שָׁל֔וֹם וְכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־לְךָ֖ שָׁלֽוֹם׃",
"text": "And *waʾămartem* thus to-*leḥāy* and-you *šālôm* and-*bêtəkā* *šālôm* and-all that-to-you *šālôm*.",
"grammar": {
"*waʾămartem*": "waw consecutive + qal perfect 2mp - and you shall say",
"*leḥāy*": "preposition + noun masculine singular - to life/prosperity",
"*šālôm*": "noun masculine singular - peace/welfare",
"*bêtəkā*": "noun masculine singular + 2ms suffix - your house"
},
"variants": {
"*leḥāy*": "to life/to the living/for life [greeting formula]",
"*šālôm*": "peace/welfare/health/prosperity"
}
}
7{
"verseID": "1 Samuel.25.7",
"source": "וְעַתָּ֣ה שָׁמַ֔עְתִּי כִּ֥י גֹזְזִ֖ים לָ֑ךְ עַתָּ֗ה הָרֹעִ֤ים אֲשֶׁר־לְךָ֙ הָי֣וּ עִמָּ֔נוּ לֹ֣א הֶכְלַמְנ֗וּם וְלֹֽא־נִפְקַ֤ד לָהֶם֙ מְא֔וּמָה כָּל־יְמֵ֖י הֱיוֹתָ֥ם בַּכַּרְמֶֽל׃",
"text": "And-now *šāmaʿtî* that *gōzəzîm* to-you now the-*rōʿîm* that-to-you *hāyû* with-us not *heklamnûm* and-not-*nipqad* to-them anything all-*yəmê* *hĕyôtām* in-*hakkarmel*.",
"grammar": {
"*šāmaʿtî*": "qal perfect 1cs - I have heard",
"*gōzəzîm*": "qal participle masculine plural - shearers/shearing",
"*rōʿîm*": "qal participle masculine plural - shepherds",
"*hāyû*": "qal perfect 3cp - they were",
"*heklamnûm*": "hiphil perfect 1cp + 3mp suffix - we did not shame/humiliate them",
"*nipqad*": "niphal perfect 3ms - was missing/lacking",
"*yəmê*": "noun masculine plural construct - days of",
"*hĕyôtām*": "qal infinitive construct + 3mp suffix - their being",
"*hakkarmel*": "proper noun with definite article - the Carmel"
},
"variants": {
"*heklamnûm*": "we did not shame/humiliate/embarrass them",
"*nipqad*": "was missing/lacking/lost"
}
}
8{
"verseID": "1 Samuel.25.8",
"source": "שְׁאַ֨ל אֶת־נְעָרֶ֜יךָ וְיַגִּ֣ידוּ לָ֗ךְ וְיִמְצְא֨וּ הַנְּעָרִ֥ים חֵן֙ בְּעֵינֶ֔יךָ כִּֽי־עַל־י֥וֹם ט֖וֹב בָּ֑נוּ תְּנָה־נָּ֗א אֵת֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר תִּמְצָ֤א יָֽדְךָ֙ לַעֲבָדֶ֔יךָ וּלְבִנְךָ֖ לְדָוִֽד׃",
"text": "*šəʾal* *ʾet*-*nəʿāreykā* and-*wəyaggîdû* to-you and-*wəyimṣəʾû* the-*hannəʿārîm* *ḥēn* in-*bəʿêneykā* for-on-*yôm* *ṭôb* we-came *tənāh*-please *ʾēt* which *timṣāʾ* *yādəkā* to-*laʿăbādeykā* and-to-*ləbinkā* to-*ləDāwid*.",
"grammar": {
"*šəʾal*": "qal imperative masculine singular - ask",
"*nəʿāreykā*": "noun masculine plural + 2ms suffix - your young men",
"*wəyaggîdû*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect 3mp - and they will tell",
"*wəyimṣəʾû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3mp - and may they find",
"*hannəʿārîm*": "noun masculine plural with definite article - the young men",
"*ḥēn*": "noun masculine singular - favor/grace",
"*bəʿêneykā*": "preposition + noun both dual construct + 2ms suffix - in your eyes",
"*yôm*": "noun masculine singular - day",
"*ṭôb*": "adjective masculine singular - good",
"*tənāh*": "qal imperative masculine singular - give",
"*timṣāʾ*": "qal imperfect 2ms - you find",
"*yādəkā*": "noun feminine singular + 2ms suffix - your hand",
"*laʿăbādeykā*": "preposition + noun masculine plural + 2ms suffix - to your servants",
"*ləbinkā*": "preposition + noun masculine singular + 2ms suffix - to your son",
"*ləDāwid*": "preposition + proper noun - to David"
},
"variants": {
"*ḥēn*": "favor/grace/kindness",
"*timṣāʾ* *yādəkā*": "you find at hand/whatever you have available [idiom]",
"*ləbinkā*": "to your son [figurative - as term of respect]"
}
}
9{
"verseID": "1 Samuel.25.9",
"source": "וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ נַעֲרֵ֣י דָוִ֔ד וַיְדַבְּר֧וּ אֶל־נָבָ֛ל כְּכָל־הַדְּבָרִ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה בְּשֵׁ֣ם דָּוִ֑ד וַיָּנֽוּחוּ׃",
"text": "And *wayyābōʾû* *naʿărê* *Dāwid* and *wayədabbərû* to-*Nābāl* according-to-all the-*haddəbārîm* the-*hāʾēlleh* in-*šēm* *Dāwid* and *wayyānûḥû*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyābōʾû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3mp - and they came",
"*naʿărê*": "noun masculine plural construct - young men of",
"*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David",
"*wayədabbərû*": "waw consecutive + piel imperfect 3mp - and they spoke",
"*Nābāl*": "proper noun - Nabal",
"*haddəbārîm*": "noun masculine plural with definite article - the words",
"*hāʾēlleh*": "demonstrative adjective - these",
"*šēm*": "noun masculine singular construct - name of",
"*wayyānûḥû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3mp - and they rested"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyānûḥû*": "and they rested/waited/paused/ceased speaking"
}
}