16{
"verseID": "1 Samuel.30.16",
"source": "וַיֹּ֣רִדֵ֔הוּ וְהִנֵּ֥ה נְטֻשִׁ֖ים עַל־פְּנֵ֣י כָל־הָאָ֑רֶץ אֹכְלִ֤ים וְשֹׁתִים֙ וְחֹ֣גְגִ֔ים בְּכֹל֙ הַשָּׁלָ֣ל הַגָּד֔וֹל אֲשֶׁ֥ר לָקְח֛וּ מֵאֶ֥רֶץ פְּלִשְׁתִּ֖ים וּמֵאֶ֥רֶץ יְהוּדָֽה",
"text": "And *wayyōrîḏēhû*, and *wəhinnēh* they were *nəṭušîm* upon-face of *ʿal-pənê* all-the *kāl-hāʾāreṣ*, *ʾōḵəlîm* and *wəšōṯîm* and *wəḥōḡəḡîm* with all-*bəḵōl*-the *haššālāl* the *haggāḏôl* which *ʾăšer* they *lāqəḥû* from land of *mēʾereṣ* *pəlišətîm* and from land of *ûmēʾereṣ* *yəhûḏāh*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyōrîḏēhû*": "consecutive imperfect hiphil, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and he brought him down",
"*wəhinnēh*": "conjunction + demonstrative particle - and behold",
"*nəṭušîm*": "qal passive participle, masculine plural - spread out/scattered",
"*ʿal-pənê*": "preposition + noun masculine plural construct - upon the face/surface of",
"*kāl*": "noun masculine singular construct - all of",
"*hāʾāreṣ*": "definite article + noun feminine singular - the land/ground",
"*ʾōḵəlîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - eating",
"*wəšōṯîm*": "conjunction + qal participle, masculine plural - and drinking",
"*wəḥōḡəḡîm*": "conjunction + qal participle, masculine plural - and celebrating/feasting",
"*bəḵōl*": "preposition + noun masculine singular construct - with all of",
"*haššālāl*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the spoil/plunder",
"*haggāḏôl*": "definite article + adjective masculine singular - the great",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that",
"*lāqəḥû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they had taken",
"*mēʾereṣ*": "preposition + noun feminine singular construct - from land of",
"*pəlišətîm*": "proper noun - Philistines",
"*ûmēʾereṣ*": "conjunction + preposition + noun feminine singular construct - and from land of",
"*yəhûḏāh*": "proper noun - Judah"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyōrîḏēhû*": "brought him down/led him down",
"*nəṭušîm*": "spread out/scattered/strewn about",
"*ʾōḵəlîm wəšōṯîm wəḥōḡəḡîm*": "eating and drinking and celebrating/feasting and reveling",
"*haššālāl*": "spoil/plunder/booty",
"*lāqəḥû*": "had taken/had seized/had captured"
}
}
17{
"verseID": "1 Samuel.30.17",
"source": "וַיַּכֵּ֥ם דָּוִ֛ד מֵהַנֶּ֥שֶׁף וְעַד־הָעֶ֖רֶב לְמָֽחֳרָתָ֑ם וְלֹֽא־נִמְלַ֤ט מֵהֶם֙ אִ֔ישׁ כִּי֩ אִם־אַרְבַּ֨ע מֵא֧וֹת אִֽישׁ־נַ֛עַר אֲשֶׁר־רָכְב֥וּ עַל־הַגְּמַלִּ֖ים וַיָּנֻֽסוּ",
"text": "And *wayyakkēm* *dāwiḏ* from the *mēhanneep̄* and until-the *wəʿaḏ-hāʿereḇ* of their *ləmāḥŏrāṯām*; and not-*wəlōʾ*-*nimlaṭ* from them a man except *kî ʾim*-four *ʾarbaʿ* hundred *mēʾôṯ* man-*ʾîš*-*naʿar* who-*ʾăšer*-*rāḵəḇû* upon-the *ʿal-haggəmallîm* and they *wayyānusû*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyakkēm*": "consecutive imperfect hiphil, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - and he struck them",
"*dāwiḏ*": "proper noun - David",
"*mēhanneep̄*": "preposition + definite article + noun masculine singular - from the twilight/evening",
"*wəʿaḏ*": "conjunction + preposition - and until",
"*hāʿereḇ*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the evening",
"*ləmāḥŏrāṯām*": "preposition + noun feminine singular construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - for their next day",
"*wəlōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not",
"*nimlaṭ*": "niphal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - escaped",
"*kî ʾim*": "conjunction + conditional particle - except",
"*ʾarbaʿ*": "cardinal number - four",
"*mēʾôṯ*": "noun feminine plural construct - hundred of",
"*ʾîš*": "noun masculine singular construct - men of",
"*naʿar*": "noun masculine singular - young men",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who/that",
"*rāḵəḇû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they rode",
"*ʿal*": "preposition - upon/on",
"*haggəmallîm*": "definite article + noun masculine plural - the camels",
"*wayyānusû*": "consecutive imperfect qal, 3rd common plural - and they fled"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyakkēm*": "struck them/attacked them/defeated them",
"*mēhanneep̄*": "from twilight/from dusk",
"*hāʿereḇ ləmāḥŏrāṯām*": "evening of the next day/evening of the following day",
"*nimlaṭ*": "escaped/survived/got away",
"*naʿar*": "young men/youths/servants",
"*rāḵəḇû*": "rode/mounted",
"*wayyānusû*": "fled/ran away/escaped"
}
}
18{
"verseID": "1 Samuel.30.18",
"source": "וַיַּצֵּ֣ל דָּוִ֔ד אֵ֛ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר לָקְח֖וּ עֲמָלֵ֑ק וְאֶת־שְׁתֵּ֥י נָשָׁ֖יו הִצִּ֥יל דָּוִֽד",
"text": "And *wayyaṣṣēl* *dāwiḏ* *ʾēṯ* all-*kāl*-which *ʾăšer* had taken *lāqəḥû* *ʿămālēq*; and *wəʾeṯ*-two *šəttê* *nāšāyw* *hiṣṣîl* *dāwiḏ*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyaṣṣēl*": "consecutive imperfect hiphil, 3rd masculine singular - and he rescued/delivered",
"*dāwiḏ*": "proper noun - David",
"*ʾēṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*kāl*": "noun masculine singular construct - all of",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that",
"*lāqəḥû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they had taken",
"*ʿămālēq*": "proper noun - Amalek",
"*wəʾeṯ*": "conjunction + direct object marker",
"*šəttê*": "cardinal number feminine construct - two of",
"*nāšāyw*": "noun feminine plural construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his wives",
"*hiṣṣîl*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he rescued/delivered",
"*dāwiḏ*": "proper noun - David"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyaṣṣēl*": "rescued/delivered/saved/recovered",
"*lāqəḥû*": "had taken/had captured/had seized",
"*hiṣṣîl*": "rescued/delivered/saved/recovered"
}
}
19{
"verseID": "1 Samuel.30.19",
"source": "וְלֹ֣א נֶעְדַּר־לָ֠הֶם מִן־הַקָּטֹ֨ן וְעַד־הַגָּד֜וֹל וְעַד־בָּנִ֤ים וּבָנוֹת֙ וּמִשָּׁלָ֔ל וְעַ֛ד כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר לָקְח֖וּ לָהֶ֑ם הַכֹּ֖ל הֵשִׁ֥יב דָּוִֽד",
"text": "And not *wəlōʾ* *neʿəddar*-to them from-the *min-haqqāṭōn* and until-the *wəʿaḏ-haggāḏôl* and until-sons *wəʿaḏ-bānîm* and daughters *ûḇānôṯ* and from spoil *ûmiššālāl* and until *wəʿaḏ* all-*kāl*-that *ʾăšer* they had taken *lāqəḥû* for themselves; the *hakkōl* *hēšîḇ* *dāwiḏ*",
"grammar": {
"*wəlōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not",
"*neʿəddar*": "niphal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - was missing",
"*min*": "preposition - from",
"*haqqāṭōn*": "definite article + adjective masculine singular - the small/young",
"*wəʿaḏ*": "conjunction + preposition - and until",
"*haggāḏôl*": "definite article + adjective masculine singular - the great/large",
"*wəʿaḏ*": "conjunction + preposition - and until",
"*bānîm*": "noun masculine plural - sons",
"*ûḇānôṯ*": "conjunction + noun feminine plural - and daughters",
"*ûmiššālāl*": "conjunction + preposition + noun masculine singular - and from spoil",
"*wəʿaḏ*": "conjunction + preposition - and until",
"*kāl*": "noun masculine singular construct - all of",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - that/which",
"*lāqəḥû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they had taken",
"*hakkōl*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the whole/everything",
"*hēšîḇ*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he brought back/returned",
"*dāwiḏ*": "proper noun - David"
},
"variants": {
"*neʿəddar*": "was missing/was lacking/was lost",
"*haqqāṭōn*": "the small/young/little",
"*haggāḏôl*": "the great/large/important",
"*ûmiššālāl*": "and from spoil/plunder/booty",
"*lāqəḥû*": "had taken/had seized/had captured",
"*hēšîḇ*": "brought back/returned/restored"
}
}
20{
"verseID": "1 Samuel.30.20",
"source": "וַיִּקַּ֣ח דָּוִ֔ד אֶת־כָּל־הַצֹּ֖אן וְהַבָּקָ֑ר נָהֲג֗וּ לִפְנֵי֙ הַמִּקְנֶ֣ה הַה֔וּא וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ זֶ֖ה שְׁלַ֥ל דָּוִֽד",
"text": "And *wayyiqqaḥ* *dāwiḏ* *ʾeṯ*-all-the *kāl-haṣṣōʾn* and the *wəhabbāqār*; they *nāhăḡû* before *lip̄nê* the *hammiqneh* the *hahûʾ*, and they *wayyōʾmərû*, \"This *zeh* is spoil *šəlal* of *dāwiḏ*\"",
"grammar": {
"*wayyiqqaḥ*": "consecutive imperfect qal, 3rd masculine singular - and he took",
"*dāwiḏ*": "proper noun - David",
"*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*kāl*": "noun masculine singular construct - all of",
"*haṣṣōʾn*": "definite article + noun feminine singular - the flock",
"*wəhabbāqār*": "conjunction + definite article + noun masculine singular - and the herd",
"*nāhăḡû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they drove/led",
"*lip̄nê*": "preposition + noun masculine plural construct - before/in front of",
"*hammiqneh*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the livestock/cattle",
"*hahûʾ*": "definite article + independent personal pronoun, 3rd masculine singular - that",
"*wayyōʾmərû*": "consecutive imperfect qal, 3rd common plural - and they said",
"*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun masculine singular - this",
"*šəlal*": "noun masculine singular construct - spoil of",
"*dāwiḏ*": "proper noun - David"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyiqqaḥ*": "took/captured/seized",
"*haṣṣōʾn*": "the flock/the sheep and goats",
"*wəhabbāqār*": "and the herd/and the cattle",
"*nāhăḡû*": "drove/led/conducted",
"*hammiqneh*": "livestock/cattle/property",
"*šəlal*": "spoil/plunder/booty"
}
}
21{
"verseID": "1 Samuel.30.21",
"source": "וַיָּבֹ֣א דָוִ֗ד אֶל־מָאתַ֨יִם הָאֲנָשִׁ֜ים אֲשֶֽׁר־פִּגְּר֣וּ ׀ מִלֶּ֣כֶת ׀ אַחֲרֵ֣י דָוִ֗ד וַיֹּֽשִׁיבֻם֙ בְּנַ֣חַל הַבְּשׂ֔וֹר וַיֵּֽצְאוּ֙ לִקְרַ֣את דָּוִ֔ד וְלִקְרַ֖את הָעָ֣ם אֲשֶׁר־אִתּ֑וֹ וַיִּגַּ֤שׁ דָּוִד֙ אֶת־הָעָ֔ם וַיִּשְׁאַ֥ל לָהֶ֖ם לְשָׁלֽוֹם",
"text": "And *wayyāḇōʾ* *dāwiḏ* to two hundred *māʾṯayim* the *hāʾănāšîm* who-*ʾăšer*-*piggərû* from going *millekeṯ* after *ʾaḥărê* *dāwiḏ* and they *wayyōšîḇum* in *bənaḥal* the *habbeśôr*; and they *wayyēṣəʾû* to meet *liqraṯ* *dāwiḏ* and to meet *wəliqraṯ* the *hāʿām* who-*ʾăšer*-with him; and *wayyiggaš* *dāwiḏ* *ʾeṯ*-the *hāʿām* and *wayyišʾal* to them for *ləšālôm*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyāḇōʾ*": "consecutive imperfect qal, 3rd masculine singular - and he came",
"*dāwiḏ*": "proper noun - David",
"*māʾṯayim*": "cardinal number - two hundred",
"*hāʾănāšîm*": "definite article + noun masculine plural - the men",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who/that",
"*piggərû*": "piel perfect, 3rd common plural - they were too exhausted",
"*millekeṯ*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - from going",
"*ʾaḥărê*": "preposition - after",
"*dāwiḏ*": "proper noun - David",
"*wayyōšîḇum*": "consecutive imperfect hiphil, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - and he had left them",
"*bənaḥal*": "preposition + noun masculine singular construct - in the brook/wadi of",
"*habbeśôr*": "definite article + proper noun - the Besor",
"*wayyēṣəʾû*": "consecutive imperfect qal, 3rd common plural - and they went out",
"*liqraṯ*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to meet",
"*dāwiḏ*": "proper noun - David",
"*wəliqraṯ*": "conjunction + preposition + qal infinitive construct - and to meet",
"*hāʿām*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the people",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who/that",
"*wayyiggaš*": "consecutive imperfect qal, 3rd masculine singular - and he approached/drew near",
"*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*hāʿām*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the people",
"*wayyišʾal*": "consecutive imperfect qal, 3rd masculine singular - and he asked",
"*ləšālôm*": "preposition + noun masculine singular - concerning welfare/peace"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyāḇōʾ*": "came/returned/arrived",
"*piggərû*": "were too exhausted/were too weary/lagged behind",
"*millekeṯ*": "from going/from walking/from following",
"*wayyōšîḇum*": "had left them/had made them stay",
"*wayyēṣəʾû*": "went out/came out/came forward",
"*liqraṯ*": "to meet/to greet",
"*wayyiggaš*": "approached/drew near/came close",
"*wayyišʾal ləšālôm*": "asked concerning welfare/greeted/asked of their well-being"
}
}
22{
"verseID": "1 Samuel.30.22",
"source": "וַיַּ֜עַן כָּל־אִֽישׁ־רָ֣ע וּבְלִיַּ֗עַל מֵֽהָאֲנָשִׁים֮ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הָלְכ֣וּ עִם־דָּוִד֒ וַיֹּאמְר֗וּ יַ֚עַן אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹֽא־הָלְכ֣וּ עִמִּ֔י לֹֽא־נִתֵּ֣ן לָהֶ֔ם מֵהַשָּׁלָ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר הִצַּ֑לְנוּ כִּֽי־אִם־אִ֤ישׁ אֶת־אִשְׁתּוֹ֙ וְאֶת־בָּנָ֔יו וְיִנְהֲג֖וּ וְיֵלֵֽכוּ",
"text": "And *wayyaʿan* all-*kāl*-man-*ʾîš*-evil *rāʿ* and *ûḇəliyyaʿal* from the *mēhāʾănāšîm* who *ʾăšer* had gone *hāləḵû* with *ʿim*-*dāwiḏ*, and they *wayyōʾmərû*, \"Because *yaʿan* that *ʾăšer* not-*lōʾ*-they went *hāləḵû* with us, not-*lōʾ*-we will give *nittēn* to them from the *mēhaššālāl* which *ʾăšer* we *hiṣṣalnû*; but-only *kî-ʾim*-each man *ʾîš* *ʾeṯ*-his *ʾištô* and *wəʾeṯ*-his *bānāyw*, and let them *wəyinhăḡû* and let them *wəyēlēḵû*\"",
"grammar": {
"*wayyaʿan*": "consecutive imperfect qal, 3rd masculine singular - and he answered",
"*kāl*": "noun masculine singular construct - all of",
"*ʾîš*": "noun masculine singular construct - man of",
"*rāʿ*": "adjective masculine singular - evil/wicked",
"*ûḇəliyyaʿal*": "conjunction + noun masculine singular - and worthlessness/wickedness",
"*mēhāʾănāšîm*": "preposition + definite article + noun masculine plural - from the men",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who/that",
"*hāləḵû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they had gone/walked",
"*ʿim*": "preposition - with",
"*dāwiḏ*": "proper noun - David",
"*wayyōʾmərû*": "consecutive imperfect qal, 3rd common plural - and they said",
"*yaʿan*": "conjunction - because",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - that/which",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*hāləḵû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they went",
"*nittēn*": "qal imperfect, 1st common plural - we will give",
"*mēhaššālāl*": "preposition + definite article + noun masculine singular - from the spoil",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that",
"*hiṣṣalnû*": "hiphil perfect, 1st common plural - we rescued/delivered",
"*kî-ʾim*": "conjunction + conditional particle - but/except",
"*ʾîš*": "noun masculine singular - each man",
"*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*ʾištô*": "noun feminine singular construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his wife",
"*wəʾeṯ*": "conjunction + direct object marker",
"*bānāyw*": "noun masculine plural construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his sons",
"*wəyinhăḡû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd common plural - and let them lead away",
"*wəyēlēḵû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd common plural - and let them go"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾîš-rāʿ ûḇəliyyaʿal*": "evil and worthless men/wicked and worthless men",
"*hāləḵû*": "had gone/had walked/had followed",
"*yaʿan ʾăšer*": "because that/since/for the reason that",
"*nittēn*": "will give/shall give",
"*hiṣṣalnû*": "we rescued/we recovered/we delivered",
"*wəyinhăḡû wəyēlēḵû*": "let them lead away and go/let them take them and depart"
}
}
23{
"verseID": "1 Samuel.30.23",
"source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר דָּוִ֔ד לֹֽא־תַעֲשׂ֥וּ כֵ֖ן אֶחָ֑י אֵ֠ת אֲשֶׁר־נָתַ֨ן יְהוָ֥ה לָ֙נוּ֙ וַיִּשְׁמֹ֣ר אֹתָ֔נוּ וַיִּתֵּ֗ן אֶֽת־הַגְּד֛וּד הַבָּ֥א עָלֵ֖ינוּ בְּיָדֵֽנוּ",
"text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *dāwiḏ*, \"Not-*lōʾ*-you shall *ṯaʿăśû* thus, *ʾeḥāy*, with *ʾēṯ* that *ʾăšer*-has given *nāṯan* *yəhwāh* to us; and he *wayyišmōr* us, and he *wayyittēn* *ʾeṯ*-the *haggəḏûḏ* that *habbāʾ* against us into our *bəyāḏēnû*\"",
"grammar": {
"*wayyōʾmer*": "consecutive imperfect qal, 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*dāwiḏ*": "proper noun - David",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*ṯaʿăśû*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you shall do",
"*ʾeḥāy*": "noun masculine plural construct with 1st common singular suffix - my brothers",
"*ʾēṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - that/which",
"*nāṯan*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has given",
"*yəhwāh*": "divine name - Yahweh",
"*wayyišmōr*": "consecutive imperfect qal, 3rd masculine singular - and he kept/protected",
"*wayyittēn*": "consecutive imperfect qal, 3rd masculine singular - and he gave",
"*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*haggəḏûḏ*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the troop/band",
"*habbāʾ*": "definite article + qal participle, masculine singular - the coming/who came",
"*bəyāḏēnû*": "preposition + noun feminine singular construct with 1st common plural suffix - into our hand"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyōʾmer*": "said/spoke",
"*ṯaʿăśû*": "do/act",
"*ʾeḥāy*": "my brothers/my kinsmen",
"*nāṯan*": "has given/granted/provided",
"*wayyišmōr*": "protected/kept/preserved",
"*haggəḏûḏ*": "the troop/the band/the raiding party",
"*bəyāḏēnû*": "into our hand/into our power"
}
}