1 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.4.1",
"source": "וַיְהִ֥י דְבַר־שְׁמוּאֵ֖ל לְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיֵּצֵ֣א יִשְׂרָאֵל֩ לִקְרַ֨את פְּלִשְׁתִּ֜ים לַמִּלְחָמָ֗ה וַֽיַּחֲנוּ֙ עַל־הָאֶ֣בֶן הָעֵ֔זֶר וּפְלִשְׁתִּ֖ים חָנ֥וּ בַאֲפֵֽק׃",
"text": "And *wə* *yəhî* *dəvar*-*šəmû'ēl* to-all-*yiśrā'ēl* and *wə* *yēṣē'* *yiśrā'ēl* to-*liqra't* *pəlištîm* to-the-*milḥāmāh* and *wə* *yaḥănû* at-the-*'even* the-*'ēzer* and-*pəlištîm* *ḥānû* in-*'ăpēq*.",
"grammar": {
"*wə*": "conjunction - and",
"*yəhî*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular jussive - was, became",
"*dəvar*": "construct state - word of",
"*šəmû'ēl*": "proper noun - Samuel",
"*yiśrā'ēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*yēṣē'*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular consecutive - went out",
"*liqra't*": "preposition + infinitive construct - to meet",
"*pəlištîm*": "proper noun, masculine plural - Philistines",
"*milḥāmāh*": "feminine singular noun - battle, war",
"*yaḥănû*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural consecutive - they camped, encamped",
"*'even*": "feminine singular noun - stone",
"*'ēzer*": "proper noun - Ezer",
"*ḥānû*": "qal perfect 3rd common plural - they camped, encamped",
"*'ăpēq*": "proper noun - Aphek"
},
"variants": {
"*dəvar*": "word, command, matter, thing",
"*yēṣē'*": "went out, came forth, departed",
"*liqra't*": "to meet, against, in opposition to",
"*yaḥănû*": "they encamped, they pitched [tents]",
"*'even*": "stone, rock"
}
}
2 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.4.2",
"source": "וַיַּעַרְכ֨וּ פְלִשְׁתִּ֜ים לִקְרַ֣את יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל וַתִּטֹּשׁ֙ הַמִּלְחָמָ֔ה וַיִּנָּ֥גֶף יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לִפְנֵ֣י פְלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וַיַּכּ֤וּ בַמַּֽעֲרָכָה֙ בַּשָּׂדֶ֔ה כְּאַרְבַּ֥עַת אֲלָפִ֖ים אִֽישׁ׃",
"text": "And *wə* *ya'arkû* *pəlištîm* to-*liqra't* *yiśrā'ēl* and *wə* *tiṭṭōš* the-*milḥāmāh* and *wə* *yinnāgep* *yiśrā'ēl* before *pənê* *pəlištîm* and *wə* *yakkû* in-the-*ma'ărākāh* in-the-*śādeh* about-four *'ălāpîm* *'îš*.",
"grammar": {
"*ya'arkû*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural consecutive - they arranged, set in order, drew up",
"*liqra't*": "preposition + infinitive construct - to meet, against",
"*tiṭṭōš*": "qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular consecutive - spread out, extended, joined",
"*milḥāmāh*": "feminine singular noun - battle, war",
"*yinnāgep*": "niphal imperfect 3rd masculine singular consecutive - was defeated, smitten",
"*pənê*": "plural construct - face, presence of",
"*yakkû*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine plural consecutive - they struck, killed",
"*ma'ărākāh*": "feminine singular noun - battle line, arrangement",
"*śādeh*": "masculine singular noun - field",
"*'ălāpîm*": "masculine plural noun - thousands",
"*'îš*": "masculine singular noun - man, men (collective)"
},
"variants": {
"*ya'arkû*": "they arranged, set in order, positioned [themselves]",
"*tiṭṭōš*": "joined, spread out, was deployed, engaged",
"*yinnāgep*": "was smitten, was defeated, was struck down",
"*yakkû*": "they smote, struck down, killed",
"*ma'ărākāh*": "battle line, battle array, battlefield"
}
}
3 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.4.3",
"source": "וַיָּבֹ֣א הָעָם֮ אֶל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶה֒ וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ זִקְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לָ֣מָּה נְגָפָ֧נוּ יְהוָ֛ה הַיּ֖וֹם לִפְנֵ֣י פְלִשְׁתִּ֑ים נִקְחָ֧ה אֵלֵ֣ינוּ מִשִּׁלֹ֗ה אֶת־אֲרוֹן֙ בְּרִ֣ית יְהוָ֔ה וְיָבֹ֣א בְקִרְבֵּ֔נוּ וְיֹשִׁעֵ֖נוּ מִכַּ֥ף אֹיְבֵֽינוּ׃",
"text": "And *wə* *yāvō'* the-*'ām* to-the-*maḥăneh* and *wə* *yō'mərû* *ziqnê* *yiśrā'ēl* why *lāmmāh* *nəgāpānû* *YHWH* the-*yôm* before *pənê* *pəlištîm* let-us-take *niqḥāh* to-us from-*šilōh* *'et*-*'ărôn* *bərît* *YHWH* and *wə* *yāvō'* in-midst-of-us and *wə* *yōši'ēnû* from-*kap* our-enemies.",
"grammar": {
"*yāvō'*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular consecutive - he came, entered",
"*'ām*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the people",
"*maḥăneh*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the camp",
"*yō'mərû*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural consecutive - they said",
"*ziqnê*": "masculine plural construct - elders of",
"*lāmmāh*": "interrogative adverb - why",
"*nəgāpānû*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular + 1st common plural suffix - he has smitten us",
"*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh",
"*yôm*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the day",
"*pənê*": "plural construct - face, presence of",
"*niqḥāh*": "qal imperfect 1st common plural cohortative - let us take",
"*šilōh*": "proper noun - Shiloh",
"*'ărôn*": "masculine singular construct - ark of",
"*bərît*": "feminine singular construct - covenant of",
"*yāvō'*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular jussive - may it come",
"*yōši'ēnû*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular jussive + 1st common plural suffix - may it save us",
"*kap*": "feminine singular construct - hand, palm of"
},
"variants": {
"*'ām*": "people, nation, troops",
"*ziqnê*": "elders, old men, leaders",
"*nəgāpānû*": "struck us, defeated us, afflicted us",
"*niqḥāh*": "let us take, let us fetch",
"*bərît*": "covenant, treaty, agreement",
"*yōši'ēnû*": "may it save us, may it deliver us, may it rescue us",
"*kap*": "hand, palm, power"
}
}
4 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.4.4",
"source": "וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח הָעָם֙ שִׁלֹ֔ה וַיִּשְׂא֣וּ מִשָּׁ֗ם אֵ֣ת אֲר֧וֹן בְּרִית־יְהוָ֛ה צְבָא֖וֹת יֹשֵׁ֣ב הַכְּרֻבִ֑ים וְשָׁ֞ם שְׁנֵ֣י בְנֵֽי־עֵלִ֗י עִם־אֲרוֹן֙ בְּרִ֣ית הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים חָפְנִ֖י וּפִֽינְחָֽס׃",
"text": "And *wə* *yišlaḥ* the-*'ām* *šilōh* and *wə* *yiś'û* from-there *'ēt* *'ărôn* *bərît*-*YHWH* *ṣəvā'ôt* dwelling-*yōšēv* the-*kərūvîm* and-there the-two *šənê* *bənê*-*'ēlî* with-*'ărôn* *bərît* the-*'ĕlōhîm* *ḥopnî* and-*pînəḥās*.",
"grammar": {
"*yišlaḥ*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular consecutive - he sent",
"*'ām*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the people",
"*yiś'û*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural consecutive - they carried, lifted",
"*'ēt*": "direct object marker",
"*'ărôn*": "masculine singular construct - ark of",
"*bərît*": "feminine singular construct - covenant of",
"*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh",
"*ṣəvā'ôt*": "feminine plural noun - hosts, armies",
"*yōšēv*": "qal participle masculine singular construct - dwelling [between], sitting [on]",
"*kərūvîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the cherubim",
"*šənê*": "masculine dual construct - two of",
"*bənê*": "masculine plural construct - sons of",
"*'ēlî*": "proper noun - Eli",
"*'ĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - God",
"*ḥopnî*": "proper noun - Hophni",
"*pînəḥās*": "proper noun - Phinehas"
},
"variants": {
"*yiś'û*": "they carried, they bore, they lifted up",
"*ṣəvā'ôt*": "hosts, armies, multitudes",
"*yōšēv*": "dwelling [between], sitting [on], enthroned [upon]",
"*kərūvîm*": "cherubim, angelic beings"
}
}
5 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.4.5",
"source": "וַיְהִ֗י כְּב֨וֹא אֲר֤וֹן בְּרִית־יְהוָה֙ אֶל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֔ה וַיָּרִ֥עוּ כָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל תְּרוּעָ֣ה גְדוֹלָ֑ה וַתֵּהֹ֖ם הָאָֽרֶץ׃",
"text": "And *wə* *yəhî* when-entering *kəvô'* *'ărôn* *bərît*-*YHWH* to-the-*maḥăneh* and *wə* *yārî'û* all-*yiśrā'ēl* *tərû'āh* *gədôlāh* and *wə* *tēhōm* the-*'āreṣ*.",
"grammar": {
"*yəhî*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular consecutive jussive - it happened",
"*kəvô'*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - when entering/coming",
"*'ărôn*": "masculine singular construct - ark of",
"*bərît*": "feminine singular construct - covenant of",
"*maḥăneh*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the camp",
"*yārî'û*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine plural consecutive - they shouted",
"*tərû'āh*": "feminine singular noun - shout, blast",
"*gədôlāh*": "feminine singular adjective - great, loud",
"*tēhōm*": "qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular consecutive - it resounded, roared",
"*'āreṣ*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the earth, land"
},
"variants": {
"*yəhî*": "it came to pass, it happened",
"*kəvô'*": "when entering, at the coming of",
"*yārî'û*": "they shouted, they made a loud noise",
"*tərû'āh*": "shout, battle cry, trumpet blast",
"*tēhōm*": "resounded, roared, quaked, echoed"
}
}
6 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.4.6",
"source": "וַיִּשְׁמְע֤וּ פְלִשְׁתִּים֙ אֶת־ק֣וֹל הַתְּרוּעָ֔ה וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ מֶ֠ה ק֣וֹל הַתְּרוּעָ֧ה הַגְּדוֹלָ֛ה הַזֹּ֖את בְּמַחֲנֵ֣ה הָעִבְרִ֑ים וַיֵּ֣דְע֔וּ כִּ֚י אֲר֣וֹן יְהוָ֔ה בָּ֖א אֶל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶֽה׃",
"text": "And *wə* *yišmə'û* *pəlištîm* *'et*-sound *qôl* the-*tərû'āh* and *wə* *yō'mərû* what *meh* sound *qôl* the-*tərû'āh* the-*gədôlāh* the-*zō't* in-camp *maḥănēh* the-*'ivrîm* and *wə* *yēdə'û* that *kî* *'ărôn* *YHWH* had-come *bā'* to-the-*maḥăneh*.",
"grammar": {
"*yišmə'û*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural consecutive - they heard",
"*pəlištîm*": "proper noun, masculine plural - Philistines",
"*'et*": "direct object marker",
"*qôl*": "masculine singular construct - sound of",
"*tərû'āh*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the shout",
"*yō'mərû*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural consecutive - they said",
"*meh*": "interrogative pronoun - what",
"*gədôlāh*": "feminine singular adjective with definite article - the great",
"*zō't*": "feminine singular demonstrative pronoun with definite article - this",
"*maḥănēh*": "masculine singular construct - camp of",
"*'ivrîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the Hebrews",
"*yēdə'û*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural consecutive - they knew",
"*kî*": "conjunction - that, because",
"*'ărôn*": "masculine singular construct - ark of",
"*bā'*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - had come"
},
"variants": {
"*yišmə'û*": "they heard, they listened to",
"*qôl*": "sound, voice, noise",
"*tərû'āh*": "shout, battle cry, acclaim",
"*'ivrîm*": "Hebrews, those from across [the river]",
"*yēdə'û*": "they knew, they understood, they realized"
}
}
7 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.4.7",
"source": "וַיִּֽרְאוּ֙ הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים כִּ֣י אָמְר֔וּ בָּ֥א אֱלֹהִ֖ים אֶל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֑ה וַיֹּאמְרוּ֙ א֣וֹי לָ֔נוּ כִּ֣י לֹ֥א הָיְתָ֛ה כָּזֹ֖את אֶתְמ֥וֹל שִׁלְשֹֽׁם׃",
"text": "And *wə* *yîrə'û* the-*pəlištîm* for *kî* they-said *'āmərû* has-come *bā'* *'ĕlōhîm* to-the-*maḥăneh* and *wə* *yō'mərû* woe *'ôy* to-us for *kî* not *lō'* has-been *hāyətāh* like-*kāzō't* *'etmôl* *šilšōm*.",
"grammar": {
"*yîrə'û*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural consecutive - they feared",
"*pəlištîm*": "proper noun, masculine plural with definite article - the Philistines",
"*kî*": "conjunction - for, because",
"*'āmərû*": "qal perfect 3rd common plural - they said",
"*bā'*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - has come",
"*'ĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun - God, gods",
"*maḥăneh*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the camp",
"*yō'mərû*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural consecutive - they said",
"*'ôy*": "interjection - woe",
"*lō'*": "negative particle - not",
"*hāyətāh*": "qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - has been",
"*kāzō't*": "preposition + feminine singular demonstrative pronoun - like this",
"*'etmôl*": "adverb - yesterday",
"*šilšōm*": "adverb - day before yesterday, previously"
},
"variants": {
"*yîrə'û*": "they feared, they were afraid",
"*'ĕlōhîm*": "God, gods, divine being(s)",
"*'ôy*": "woe, alas",
"*'etmôl* *šilšōm*": "yesterday or day before, previously, in the past"
}
}