2 Chronicles 33:3

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "2 Chronicles.33.3", "source": "וַיָּ֗שָׁב וַיִּ֙בֶן֙ אֶת־הַבָּמ֔וֹת אֲשֶׁ֥ר נִתַּ֖ץ יְחִזְקִיָּ֣הוּ אָבִ֑יו וַיָּ֨קֶם מִזְבְּח֤וֹת לַבְּעָלִים֙ וַיַּ֣עַשׂ אֲשֵׁר֔וֹת וַיִּשְׁתַּ֙חוּ֙ לְכָל־צְבָ֣א הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וַֽיַּעֲבֹ֖ד אֹתָֽם׃", "text": "*Wayyāshāv* *wayyiven* *ʾet*-*habbāmôt* *ăsher* *nittaṣ* *Yeḥizqiyyāhû* *ʾāvîw* *wayyāqem* *mizbeḥôt* *labbeʿālîm* *wayyaʿas* *ăshêrôt* *wayyishtaḥû* *lekol*-*ṣevāʾ* *hashshāmayim* *wayyaʿăvod* *ʾōtām*", "grammar": { "*Wayyāshāv*": "Qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and he returned/again", "*wayyiven*": "Qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and he built", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*habbāmôt*": "definite article + feminine plural noun - the high places", "*ăsher*": "relative particle - which", "*nittaṣ*": "Piel perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - tore down/destroyed", "*Yeḥizqiyyāhû*": "proper noun - Hezekiah", "*ʾāvîw*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his father", "*wayyāqem*": "Hiphil imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and he erected", "*mizbeḥôt*": "masculine plural noun - altars", "*labbeʿālîm*": "preposition + definite article + masculine plural noun - for the Baals", "*wayyaʿas*": "Qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and he made", "*ăshêrôt*": "feminine plural noun - Asherah poles/images", "*wayyishtaḥû*": "Hishtaphel imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and he bowed down", "*lekol*": "preposition + noun construct - to all of", "*ṣevāʾ*": "masculine singular construct - host/army of", "*hashshāmayim*": "definite article + masculine dual noun - the heavens", "*wayyaʿăvod*": "Qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and he served", "*ʾōtām*": "direct object marker + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - them" }, "variants": { "*Wayyāshāv*": "he returned/he again/he restored", "*habbāmôt*": "high places/cultic platforms", "*ăshêrôt*": "sacred poles/Asherah images/fertility goddess symbols", "*ṣevāʾ* *hashshāmayim*": "host of heaven/celestial bodies/heavenly army" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וַיָּ֗שָׁב וַיִּ֙בֶן֙ אֶת־הַבָּמ֔וֹת אֲשֶׁ֥ר נִתַּ֖ץ יְחִזְקִיָּ֣הוּ אָבִ֑יו וַיָּ֨קֶם מִזְבְּח֤וֹת לַבְּעָלִים֙ וַיַּ֣עַשׂ אֲשֵׁר֔וֹת וַיִּשְׁתַּ֙חוּ֙ לְכָל־צְבָ֣א הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וַֽיַּעֲבֹ֖ד אֹתָֽם׃

Transliteration

Wayyāshāv wayyiven ʾet-habbāmôt ăsher nittaṣ Yeḥizqiyyāhû ʾāvîw wayyāqem mizbeḥôt labbeʿālîm wayyaʿas ăshêrôt wayyishtaḥû lekol-ṣevāʾ hashshāmayim wayyaʿăvod ʾōtām

Grammar Details

• *Wayyāshāv*: Qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and he returned/again
• *wayyiven*: Qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and he built
• *ʾet*: direct object marker
• *habbāmôt*: definite article + feminine plural noun - the high places
• *ăsher*: relative particle - which
• *nittaṣ*: Piel perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - tore down/destroyed
• *Yeḥizqiyyāhû*: proper noun - Hezekiah
• *ʾāvîw*: masculine singular noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his father
• *wayyāqem*: Hiphil imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and he erected
• *mizbeḥôt*: masculine plural noun - altars
• *labbeʿālîm*: preposition + definite article + masculine plural noun - for the Baals
• *wayyaʿas*: Qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and he made
• *ăshêrôt*: feminine plural noun - Asherah poles/images
• *wayyishtaḥû*: Hishtaphel imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and he bowed down
• *lekol*: preposition + noun construct - to all of
• *ṣevāʾ*: masculine singular construct - host/army of
• *hashshāmayim*: definite article + masculine dual noun - the heavens
• *wayyaʿăvod*: Qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and he served
• *ʾōtām*: direct object marker + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - them

Word Meanings

• *Wayyāshāv*: he returned/he again/he restored
• *habbāmôt*: high places/cultic platforms
• *ăshêrôt*: sacred poles/Asherah images/fertility goddess symbols
• *ṣevāʾ* *hashshāmayim*: host of heaven/celestial bodies/heavenly army

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  He rebuilt the high places that his father Hezekiah had torn down, set up altars to the Baals, made Asherah poles, and worshipped all the stars of the sky and served them.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  For he built again the high places which Hezekiah his father had broken down, and he reared up altars for Baalim, and made groves, and worshipped all the host of heaven, and served them.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  For he rebuilt the high places which Hezekiah his father had broken down; he erected altars for Baal, made groves, and worshiped all the host of heaven and served them.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  For he built again the high places which Hezekiah his father had broken down, and he reared up altars for Baalim, and made groves, and worshipped all the host of heaven, and served them.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  For he built{H1129} again{H7725} the high places{H1116} which Hezekiah{H3169} his father{H1} had broken down;{H5422} and he reared up{H6965} altars{H4196} for the Baalim,{H1168} and made{H6213} Asheroth,{H842} and worshipped{H7812} all the host{H6635} of heaven,{H8064} and served{H5647} them.

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  For he built{H1129}{(H8799)} again{H7725}{(H8799)} the high places{H1116} which Hezekiah{H3169} his father{H1} had broken down{H5422}{(H8765)}, and he reared up{H6965}{(H8686)} altars{H4196} for Baalim{H1168}, and made{H6213}{(H8799)} groves{H842}, and worshipped{H7812}{(H8691)} all the host{H6635} of heaven{H8064}, and served{H5647}{(H8799)} them.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  and buylded the hye places, ( which his father Ezechies had broken downe) and set vp altares vnto Baalim, and made groues, and worshipped all the hoost of heauen, and serued them.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  For he went backe and built the hie places, which Hezekiah his father had broken downe: and he set vp altars for Baalim, and made groues, and worshipped all the hoste of the heauen, and serued them.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  For he went to, and buylt the high places whiche Hezekia his father had broken downe: And he reared vp aulters for Baalim, and made groues, and worshipped all the hoast of heauen, and serued them.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  For he built again the high places which Hezekiah his father had broken down, and he reared up altars for Baalim, and made groves, and worshipped all the host of heaven, and served them.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  For he built again the high places which Hezekiah his father had broken down; and he reared up altars for the Baals, and made Asheroth, and worshiped all the host of the sky, and served them.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  and he turneth and buildeth the high places that Hezekiah his father hath broken down, and raiseth altars for Baalim, and maketh shrines, and boweth himself to all the host of the heavens, and serveth them.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  For he built again the high places which Hezekiah his father had broken down; and he reared up altars for the Baalim, and made Asheroth, and worshipped all the host of heaven, and served them.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  For he built again the high places which Hezekiah his father had broken down; and he reared up altars for the Baalim, and made Asheroth, and worshipped all the host of heaven, and served them.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  For he put up again the high places which had been pulled down by his father Hezekiah; and he made altars for the Baals, and pillars of wood, and was a worshipper and servant of all the stars of heaven;

• World English Bible (2000)

  For he built again the high places which Hezekiah his father had broken down; and he reared up altars for the Baals, and made Asheroth, and worshiped all the army of the sky, and served them.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  He rebuilt the high places that his father Hezekiah had destroyed; he set up altars for the Baals and made Asherah poles. He bowed down to all the stars in the sky and worshiped them.

Referenced Verses

• Deut 16:21 : 21 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.16.21", "source": "לֹֽא־תִטַּ֥ע לְךָ֛ אֲשֵׁרָ֖ה כָּל־עֵ֑ץ אֵ֗צֶל מִזְבַּ֛ח יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ אֲשֶׁ֥ר תַּעֲשֶׂה־לָּֽךְ׃", "text": "*lōʾ*-*tiṭṭaʿ* *ləkā* *ʾăšērâ* *kol*-*ʿēṣ* *ʾēṣel* *mizbaḥ* *YHWH* *ʾělōheykā* *ʾăšer* *taʿăśeh*-*lāk*", "grammar": { "*lōʾ*-*tiṭṭaʿ*": "negation + qal imperfect 2nd masculine singular - you shall not plant", "*ləkā*": "preposition with 2nd masculine singular suffix - for yourself", "*ʾăšērâ*": "feminine singular noun - Asherah pole", "*kol*": "construct - any", "*ʿēṣ*": "masculine singular noun - tree/wood", "*ʾēṣel*": "preposition - beside", "*mizbaḥ*": "masculine singular construct - altar of", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*ʾělōheykā*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your God", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*taʿăśeh*": "qal imperfect 2nd masculine singular - you will make", "*lāk*": "preposition with 2nd masculine singular suffix - for yourself" }, "variants": { "*tiṭṭaʿ*": "plant/establish/set up", "*ʾăšērâ*": "Asherah pole/sacred pole/wooden cult object", "*ʿēṣ*": "tree/wood/timber", "*ʾēṣel*": "beside/near/by" } }
• 2 Chr 31:1 : 1 { "verseID": "2 Chronicles.31.1", "source": "‫ וּכְכַלּ֣וֹת כָּל־זֹ֗את יָצְא֨וּ כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֥ל הַֽנִּמְצְאִים֮ לְעָרֵ֣י יְהוּדָה֒ וַיְשַׁבְּר֣וּ הַמַּצֵּב֣וֹת וַיְגַדְּע֣וּ הָאֲשֵׁרִ֡ים וַיְנַתְּצ֣וּ אֶת־הַ֠בָּמוֹת וְאֶת־הַֽמִּזְבְּחֹ֞ת מִכָּל־יְהוּדָ֧ה וּבִנְיָמִ֛ן וּבְאֶפְרַ֥יִם וּמְנַשֶּׁ֖ה עַד־לְכַלֵּ֑ה וַיָּשׁ֜וּבוּ כָּל־בְּנֵ֧י יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל אִ֥ישׁ לַאֲחֻזָּת֖וֹ לְעָרֵיהֶֽם׃ ס ‬", "text": "And when *kĕ-kallôt* all-*zōʾt*, *yāṣĕʾû* all-*Yiśrāʾēl* the-*nimṣĕʾîm* to-cities-of *Yĕhûdâ*, *wa-yĕšabbĕrû* the-*maṣṣēbôt* and-*wa-yĕgaddĕʿû* the-*ʾăšērîm* and-*wa-yĕnattĕṣû* *ʾet*-the-*bāmôt* and-*ʾet*-the-*mizbĕḥōt* from-all-*Yĕhûdâ* and-*Binyāmin* and-in-*ʾEp̄rayim* and-*Mĕnaššeh* until-to-*kĕ-kallēh*; and-*wa-yāšûbû* all-sons-of *Yiśrāʾēl* each to-*ʾăḥuzzātô* to-their-cities.", "grammar": { "*kĕ-kallôt*": "Piel infinitive construct - when completing/finishing", "*yāṣĕʾû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person plural - they went out", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*nimṣĕʾîm*": "Niphal participle, masculine plural - the ones being found/present", "*Yĕhûdâ*": "proper noun - Judah", "*wa-yĕšabbĕrû*": "Piel imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person plural - and they broke in pieces", "*maṣṣēbôt*": "noun, feminine plural - pillars/sacred stones", "*wa-yĕgaddĕʿû*": "Piel imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person plural - and they cut down", "*ʾăšērîm*": "noun, masculine plural - Asherah poles/sacred wooden posts", "*wa-yĕnattĕṣû*": "Piel imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person plural - and they tore down", "*bāmôt*": "noun, feminine plural - high places/raised platforms", "*mizbĕḥōt*": "noun, masculine plural - altars", "*kĕ-kallēh*": "Piel infinitive construct - until finishing completely", "*wa-yāšûbû*": "Qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person plural - and they returned", "*ʾăḥuzzātô*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his possession/property" }, "variants": { "*kĕ-kallôt*": "finishing/completing/ending/concluding", "*maṣṣēbôt*": "pillars/sacred stones/standing stones", "*ʾăšērîm*": "Asherah poles/sacred wooden posts/idols of Asherah", "*bāmôt*": "high places/raised platforms/shrines", "*kĕ-kallēh*": "until complete destruction/until finishing completely" } }
• Deut 17:3 : 3 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.17.3", "source": "וַיֵּ֗לֶךְ וֽ͏ַיַּעֲבֹד֙ אֱלֹהִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֔ים וַיִּשְׁתַּ֖חוּ לָהֶ֑ם וְלַשֶּׁ֣מֶשׁ ׀ א֣וֹ לַיָּרֵ֗חַ א֛וֹ לְכָל־צְבָ֥א הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־צִוִּֽיתִי׃", "text": "And *yēlek* and *yaʿăḇōd* *ʾĕlōhîm* *ʾăḥērîm* and *yištaḥû* to them, and to the *šemeš* or to the *yārēaḥ* or to all *ṣəḇāʾ* the *šāmayim* which not *ṣiwwîtî*.", "grammar": { "וַיֵּ֗לֶךְ": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3ms consecutive - and he goes/went", "וֽ͏ַיַּעֲבֹד֙": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3ms consecutive - and he serves/served", "אֱלֹהִ֣ים": "noun masculine plural - gods", "אֲחֵרִ֔ים": "adjective masculine plural - other/foreign", "וַיִּשְׁתַּ֖חוּ": "conjunction + hishtaphel imperfect 3ms consecutive - and he bows down/prostrates", "לָהֶ֑ם": "preposition + 3mp suffix - to them", "וְלַשֶּׁ֣מֶשׁ": "conjunction + preposition + article + noun feminine singular - and to the sun", "א֣וֹ": "conjunction - or", "לַיָּרֵ֗חַ": "preposition + article + noun masculine singular - to the moon", "א֛וֹ": "conjunction - or", "לְכָל־צְבָ֥א": "preposition + noun masculine singular construct + noun masculine singular construct - to all host of", "הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם": "article + noun masculine plural - the heavens", "אֲשֶׁ֥ר": "relative particle - which", "לֹא־צִוִּֽיתִי": "negative particle + piel perfect 1cs - I did not command" }, "variants": { "*yēlek*": "goes/walks/proceeds", "*yaʿăḇōd*": "serves/worships/works for", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "gods/deities", "*ʾăḥērîm*": "other/foreign/strange", "*yištaḥû*": "bows down/prostrates/worships", "*šemeš*": "sun", "*yārēaḥ*": "moon", "*ṣəḇāʾ*": "host/army/multitude", "*šāmayim*": "heavens/sky", "*ṣiwwîtî*": "I commanded/I ordered" } }
• 2 Kgs 18:4 : 4 { "verseID": "2 Kings.18.4", "source": "ה֣וּא ׀ הֵסִ֣יר אֶת־הַבָּמ֗וֹת וְשִׁבַּר֙ אֶת־הַמַּצֵּבֹ֔ת וְכָרַ֖ת אֶת־הָֽאֲשֵׁרָ֑ה וְכִתַּת֩ נְחַ֨שׁ הַנְּחֹ֜שֶׁת אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֣ה מֹשֶׁ֗ה כִּ֣י עַד־הַיָּמִ֤ים הָהֵ֙מָּה֙ הָי֤וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ מְקַטְּרִ֣ים ל֔וֹ וַיִּקְרָא־ל֖וֹ נְחֻשְׁתָּֽן׃", "text": "*Huʾ* *hesir* *ʾet*-the *bamot* and *shibbar* *ʾet*-the *matsevot* and *karat* *ʾet*-the *ʾasherah*, and *kittat* *neḥash* the *neḥoshet* which *ʿasah* *Mosheh*, for until the *yamim* those *hayu* *bene*-*Yisraʾel* *meqattərim* to it, and *wayyiqraʾ*-to it *Neḥushtan*.", "grammar": { "*huʾ*": "pronoun, 3rd masculine singular - he", "*hesir*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd masculine singular - he removed", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*bamot*": "noun, feminine plural - high places/altars", "*shibbar*": "Piel perfect 3rd masculine singular - he broke/shattered", "*matsevot*": "noun, feminine plural - sacred pillars/standing stones", "*karat*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he cut down", "*ʾasherah*": "noun, feminine singular - sacred pole/tree/goddess Asherah", "*kittat*": "Piel perfect 3rd masculine singular - he crushed/broke to pieces", "*neḥash*": "noun, masculine singular construct - serpent of", "*neḥoshet*": "noun, feminine singular - bronze/copper", "*ʿasah*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he made", "*Mosheh*": "proper noun, masculine singular", "*yamim*": "noun, masculine plural - days", "*hayu*": "Qal perfect 3rd common plural - they were", "*bene*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of/children of", "*meqattərim*": "Piel participle masculine plural - burning incense/offering sacrifices", "*wayyiqraʾ*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he called", "*Neḥushtan*": "proper noun, masculine singular" }, "variants": { "*bamot*": "high places/shrine mounds/cult platforms", "*matsevot*": "sacred pillars/standing stones/monuments", "*ʾasherah*": "sacred wooden pole/tree/image of goddess Asherah", "*meqattərim*": "burning incense/offering sacrifices/making offerings", "*Neḥushtan*": "piece of bronze/little bronze thing (contemptuous form)" } }
• 2 Kgs 23:5-6 : 5 { "verseID": "2 Kings.23.5", "source": "וְהִשְׁבִּ֣ית אֶת־הַכְּמָרִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֤ר נָֽתְנוּ֙ מַלְכֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה וַיְקַטֵּ֤ר בַּבָּמוֹת֙ בְּעָרֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה וּמְסִבֵּ֖י יְרוּשָׁלָ֑͏ִם וְאֶת־הַֽמְקַטְּרִ֣ים לַבַּ֗עַל לַשֶּׁ֤מֶשׁ וְלַיָּרֵ֙חַ֙ וְלַמַּזָּל֔וֹת וּלְכֹ֖ל צְבָ֥א הַשָּׁמָֽיִם׃", "text": "*wə-hišbît* *ʾet-ha-kəmārîm* *ʾăšer* *nātənû* *malḵê* *yəhûdâ* *wə-yəqaṭṭēr* in *ba-bāmôt* in *bə-ʿārê* *yəhûdâ* *û-məsibbê* *yərûšālāim* *wə-ʾet-ha-məqaṭṭərîm* to *la-baʿal* to *la-šemeš* and to *wə-la-yārēaḥ* and to *wə-la-mazzālôt* and to all *ṣəbāʾ* *ha-šāmāyim*.", "grammar": { "*wə-hišbît*": "conjunction + hiphil perfect 3rd masculine singular - and he caused to cease", "*ʾet-ha-kəmārîm*": "direct object marker + definite article + noun masculine plural - the idolatrous priests", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - whom", "*nātənû*": "qal perfect 3rd common plural - they appointed", "*malḵê*": "noun masculine plural construct - kings of", "*yəhûdâ*": "proper noun - Judah", "*wə-yəqaṭṭēr*": "conjunction + piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he burned incense", "*ba-bāmôt*": "preposition + definite article + noun feminine plural - in the high places", "*bə-ʿārê*": "preposition + noun feminine plural construct - in cities of", "*yəhûdâ*": "proper noun - Judah", "*û-məsibbê*": "conjunction + noun masculine plural construct - and surroundings of", "*yərûšālāim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*wə-ʾet-ha-məqaṭṭərîm*": "conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + piel participle masculine plural - and the ones burning incense", "*la-baʿal*": "preposition + proper noun - to Baal", "*la-šemeš*": "preposition + definite article + noun common singular - to the sun", "*wə-la-yārēaḥ*": "conjunction + preposition + definite article + noun common singular - and to the moon", "*wə-la-mazzālôt*": "conjunction + preposition + definite article + noun feminine plural - and to the constellations", "*ṣəbāʾ*": "preposition + noun masculine singular construct - and to all host of", "*ha-šāmāyim*": "definite article + noun masculine plural - the heavens" }, "variants": { "*wə-hišbît*": "and he removed/deposed/caused to cease", "*ʾet-ha-kəmārîm*": "the idolatrous priests/pagan priests", "*ʾăšer*": "whom/which", "*nātənû*": "they appointed/installed/established", "*malḵê*": "kings of/rulers of", "*yəhûdâ*": "Judah [place name]", "*wə-yəqaṭṭēr*": "and he burned incense/offered sacrifices", "*ba-bāmôt*": "in the high places/shrines", "*bə-ʿārê*": "in cities of/towns of", "*û-məsibbê*": "and surrounding areas of/environs of", "*yərûšālāim*": "Jerusalem [place name]", "*wə-ʾet-ha-məqaṭṭərîm*": "and the ones burning incense/making offerings", "*la-baʿal*": "to Baal [deity name]", "*la-šemeš*": "to the sun", "*wə-la-yārēaḥ*": "and to the moon", "*wə-la-mazzālôt*": "and to the constellations/zodiacal signs/planets", "*ṣəbāʾ*": "host/army/multitude", "*ha-šāmāyim*": "the heavens/sky" } } 6 { "verseID": "2 Kings.23.6", "source": "וַיֹּצֵ֣א אֶת־הָאֲשֵׁרָה֩ מִבֵּ֨ית יְהוָ֜ה מִח֤וּץ לִירוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙ אֶל־נַ֣חַל קִדְר֔וֹן וַיִּשְׂרֹ֥ף אֹתָ֛הּ בְּנַ֥חַל קִדְר֖וֹן וַיָּ֣דֶק לְעָפָ֑ר וַיַּשְׁלֵךְ֙ אֶת־עֲפָרָ֔הּ עַל־קֶ֖בֶר בְּנֵ֥י הָעָֽם׃", "text": "*wə-yōṣēʾ* *ʾet-hā-ʾăšērâ* from *mi-bêt* *YHWH* outside *li-yrûšālaim* to *naḥal* *qidrôn* *wə-yiśrōp* *ʾōtāh* in *bə-naḥal* *qidrôn* *wə-yādeq* to *lə-ʿāpār* *wə-yašlēḵ* *ʾet-ʿăpārāh* upon *qeber* *bənê* *hā-ʿām*.", "grammar": { "*wə-yōṣēʾ*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he brought out", "*ʾet-hā-ʾăšērâ*": "direct object marker + definite article + proper noun - the Asherah", "*mi-bêt*": "preposition + noun masculine singular construct - from house of", "*YHWH*": "divine name - YHWH", "*li-yrûšālaim*": "preposition + proper noun - to Jerusalem", "*naḥal*": "preposition + noun masculine singular construct - to brook/valley of", "*qidrôn*": "proper noun - Kidron", "*wə-yiśrōp*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he burned", "*ʾōtāh*": "direct object marker + 3rd feminine singular suffix - it [feminine]", "*bə-naḥal*": "preposition + noun masculine singular construct - in brook/valley of", "*qidrôn*": "proper noun - Kidron", "*wə-yādeq*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he crushed", "*lə-ʿāpār*": "preposition + noun masculine singular - to dust", "*wə-yašlēḵ*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he cast", "*ʾet-ʿăpārāh*": "direct object marker + noun masculine singular construct + 3rd feminine singular suffix - its dust", "*qeber*": "preposition + noun masculine singular construct - upon graves of", "*bənê*": "noun masculine plural construct - sons of", "*hā-ʿām*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the people" }, "variants": { "*wə-yōṣēʾ*": "and he brought out/removed", "*ʾet-hā-ʾăšērâ*": "the Asherah [idol/sacred pole]", "*mi-bêt*": "from house of/temple of", "*li-yrûšālaim*": "to Jerusalem [place name]", "*naḥal*": "brook/wadi/valley/stream", "*qidrôn*": "Kidron [place name]", "*wə-yiśrōp*": "and he burned/consumed", "*ʾōtāh*": "it/her [feminine]", "*wə-yādeq*": "and he crushed/pulverized/ground", "*lə-ʿāpār*": "to dust/powder/ashes", "*wə-yašlēḵ*": "and he cast/threw/scattered", "*ʾet-ʿăpārāh*": "its dust/ashes/remains", "*qeber*": "graves/tombs of", "*bənê*": "sons of/children of", "*hā-ʿām*": "the people/common people/masses" } }
• 2 Chr 30:14 : 14 { "verseID": "2 Chronicles.30.14", "source": "וַיָּקֻ֕מוּ וַיָּסִ֙ירוּ֙ אֶת־הַֽמִּזְבְּח֔וֹת אֲשֶׁ֖ר בִּירוּשָׁלָ֑͏ִם וְאֵ֤ת כָּל־הַֽמְקַטְּרוֹת֙ הֵסִ֔ירוּ וַיַּשְׁלִ֖יכוּ לְנַ֥חַל קִדְרֽוֹן׃", "text": "And *wayyāqumû* and *wayyāsîrû* *'et*-the-*mizbĕḥôt* which in-*Yĕrûšālāim*, and-*'ēt* all-the-*mĕqaṭṭĕrôt* *hēsîrû* and *wayyašlîkû* to-*naḥal* *Qidrôn*.", "grammar": { "*wayyāqumû*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd common plural - and they arose", "*wayyāsîrû*": "waw-consecutive + hiphil imperfect 3rd common plural - and they removed", "*'et*-the-*mizbĕḥôt*": "direct object marker + common noun, masculine plural absolute with definite article - the altars", "*Yĕrûšālāim*": "proper noun, feminine - Jerusalem", "*'ēt*": "direct object marker", "*mĕqaṭṭĕrôt*": "piel participle feminine plural absolute with definite article - the incense altars", "*hēsîrû*": "hiphil perfect 3rd common plural - they removed", "*wayyašlîkû*": "waw-consecutive + hiphil imperfect 3rd common plural - and they threw", "*naḥal*": "common noun, masculine singular construct - brook/valley of", "*Qidrôn*": "proper noun - Kidron" }, "variants": { "*wayyāqumû*": "and they arose/stood up/got up", "*wayyāsîrû*": "and they removed/took away/got rid of", "*mizbĕḥôt*": "altars/places of sacrifice", "*mĕqaṭṭĕrôt*": "incense altars/places for burning incense", "*hēsîrû*": "they removed/took away/got rid of", "*wayyašlîkû*": "and they threw/cast/hurled", "*naḥal*": "brook/stream/wadi/valley" } }
• Deut 4:19 : 19 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.4.19", "source": "וּפֶן־תִּשָּׂ֨א עֵינֶ֜יךָ הַשָּׁמַ֗יְמָה וְֽ֠רָאִיתָ אֶת־הַשֶּׁ֨מֶשׁ וְאֶת־הַיָּרֵ֜חַ וְאֶת־הַכּֽוֹכָבִ֗ים כֹּ֚ל צְבָ֣א הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וְנִדַּחְתָּ֛ וְהִשְׁתַּחֲוִ֥יתָ לָהֶ֖ם וַעֲבַדְתָּ֑ם אֲשֶׁ֨ר חָלַ֜ק יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ אֹתָ֔ם לְכֹל֙ הָֽעַמִּ֔ים תַּ֖חַת כָּל־הַשָּׁמָֽיִם׃", "text": "*û-pen-tiśśāʾ ʿênêkā ha-šāmaymāh wə-rāʾîtā ʾet-ha-ššemeš wə-ʾet-ha-yyārēaḥ wə-ʾet-ha-kkôkābîm kōl ṣəbāʾ ha-šāmayim wə-niddaḥtā wə-hištaḥăwîtā lāhem wa-ʿăbadtām ʾăšer ḥālaq YHWH ʾĕlōhêkā ʾōtām lə-kōl hā-ʿammîm taḥat kol-ha-šāmāyim*.", "grammar": { "*û-pen*": "conjunction + conjunction - and lest", "*tiśśāʾ*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you lift up", "*ʿênêkā*": "common dual noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your eyes", "*ha-šāmaymāh*": "definite article + noun + directional suffix - to the heavens", "*wə-rāʾîtā*": "conjunction + Qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - and see", "*ʾet-ha-ššemeš*": "direct object marker + definite article + noun - the sun", "*wə-ʾet-ha-yyārēaḥ*": "conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + noun - and the moon", "*wə-ʾet-ha-kkôkābîm*": "conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + noun - and the stars", "*kōl*": "noun - all", "*ṣəbāʾ*": "masculine singular construct noun - host of", "*ha-šāmayim*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the heavens", "*wə-niddaḥtā*": "conjunction + Niphal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - and be drawn away", "*wə-hištaḥăwîtā*": "conjunction + Hishtaphel perfect, 2nd masculine singular - and bow down", "*lāhem*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - to them", "*wa-ʿăbadtām*": "conjunction + Qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - and serve them", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*ḥālaq*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - allotted", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*ʾĕlōhêkā*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your God", "*ʾōtām*": "direct object marker with 3rd masculine plural suffix - them", "*lə-kōl*": "preposition + noun - to all", "*hā-ʿammîm*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the peoples", "*taḥat*": "preposition - under", "*kol-ha-šāmāyim*": "construct chain: noun + definite article + masculine plural noun - all the heavens" }, "variants": { "*pen*": "lest/that not/beware that not", "*tiśśāʾ*": "lift up/raise/look up", "*ʿênêkā*": "your eyes/your sight", "*šāmaymāh*": "heavenward/toward the sky", "*rāʾîtā*": "see/observe/behold", "*šemeš*": "sun/solar body", "*yārēaḥ*": "moon/lunar body", "*kôkābîm*": "stars/celestial bodies", "*ṣəbāʾ*": "host/army/multitude", "*niddaḥtā*": "be drawn away/be impelled/be led astray", "*hištaḥăwîtā*": "bow down/prostrate yourself/worship", "*ʿăbadtām*": "serve them/worship them", "*ḥālaq*": "allotted/apportioned/assigned", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/divine beings", "*ʿammîm*": "peoples/nations", "*taḥat*": "under/beneath" } }
• 2 Kgs 23:11 : 11 { "verseID": "2 Kings.23.11", "source": "וַיַּשְׁבֵּ֣ת אֶת־הַסּוּסִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר נָתְנוּ֩ מַלְכֵ֨י יְהוּדָ֤ה לַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙ מִבֹּ֣א בֵית־יְהוָ֔ה אֶל־לִשְׁכַּת֙ נְתַן־מֶ֣לֶךְ הַסָּרִ֔יס אֲשֶׁ֖ר בַּפַּרְוָרִ֑ים וְאֶת־מַרְכְּב֥וֹת הַשֶּׁ֖מֶשׁ שָׂרַ֥ף בָּאֵֽשׁ׃", "text": "And *wayyašbēṯ* (*šābaṯ*) *ʾeṯ*-the *sûsîm* which *nāṯnû* kings of *yəhûḏāh* to-the-*šemeš* from-*bōʾ* house-of-*YHWH* to-*liškaṯ* *nəṯan*-*meleḵ* the *sārîs* who [was] in-the-*parwārîm*; and-*ʾeṯ*-*markəḇôṯ* the-*šemeš* *śārap̄* in-the-*ʾēš*.", "grammar": { "*wayyašbēṯ*": "Hiphil waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he caused to cease/removed", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*sûsîm*": "masculine plural noun - horses", "*nāṯnû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they gave/dedicated", "*yəhûḏāh*": "proper noun - Judah", "*šemeš*": "common noun - sun/sun god", "*bōʾ*": "Qal infinitive construct - entering/entrance", "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD/Yahweh", "*liškaṯ*": "construct noun - chamber of", "*nəṯan*-*meleḵ*": "proper name - Nathan-melech", "*sārîs*": "masculine singular noun - official/eunuch", "*parwārîm*": "masculine plural noun - colonnade/precincts", "*markəḇôṯ*": "feminine plural noun - chariots of", "*śārap̄*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he burned", "*ʾēš*": "feminine singular noun - fire" }, "variants": { "*šābaṯ*": "to cease/remove/end/eliminate", "*sûsîm*": "horses/cavalry", "*nāṯnû*": "gave/dedicated/appointed", "*šemeš*": "sun/sun deity/sun worship", "*bōʾ*": "entrance/entry/approach", "*liškaṯ*": "chamber/room/hall", "*sārîs*": "eunuch/court official/chamberlain", "*parwārîm*": "precincts/colonnade/suburb/quarters", "*markəḇôṯ*": "chariots/vehicles/conveyances" } }
• 2 Chr 28:2-4 : 2 { "verseID": "2 Chronicles.28.2", "source": "וַיֵּ֕לֶךְ בְּדַרְכֵ֖י מַלְכֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְגַ֧ם מַסֵּכ֛וֹת עָשָׂ֖ה לַבְּעָלִֽים׃", "text": "*wayyêlek* *bədarḵê* *malḵê* *Yiśrāʾêl* *wəgam* *massêḵôt* *ʿāśāh* *laBBəʿālîm*", "grammar": { "*wayyêlek*": "conjunction + 3rd masculine singular imperfect waw-consecutive - and he walked", "*bədarḵê*": "preposition + feminine plural construct - in ways of", "*malḵê*": "masculine plural construct - kings of", "*Yiśrāʾêl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*wəgam*": "conjunction + adverb - and also", "*massêḵôt*": "feminine plural noun - molten images", "*ʿāśāh*": "3rd masculine singular perfect - he made", "*laBBəʿālîm*": "preposition + definite article + masculine plural noun - for the Baals" }, "variants": { "*massêḵôt*": "molten images/cast idols", "*Bəʿālîm*": "Baals/lords/masters (Canaanite deities)" } } 3 { "verseID": "2 Chronicles.28.3", "source": "וְה֥וּא הִקְטִ֖יר בְּגֵ֣יא בֶן־הִנֹּ֑ם וַיַּבְעֵ֤ר אֶת־בָּנָיו֙ בָּאֵ֔שׁ כְּתֹֽעֲבוֹת֙ הַגּוֹיִ֔ם אֲשֶׁר֙ הֹרִ֣ישׁ יְהוָ֔ה מִפְּנֵ֖י בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "*wəhûʾ* *hiqṭîr* *bəgêʾ* *ben*-*Hinnōm* *wayyaḇʿêr* *ʾet*-*bānāyw* *bāʾêsh* *kətôʿaḇôt* *haggôyim* *ʾasher* *hôrîsh* *YHWH* *mippənê* *bənê* *Yiśrāʾêl*", "grammar": { "*wəhûʾ*": "conjunction + 3rd masculine singular personal pronoun - and he", "*hiqṭîr*": "3rd masculine singular hiphil perfect - he burned incense/made sacrifices", "*bəgêʾ*": "preposition + masculine singular construct - in valley of", "*ben*-*Hinnōm*": "construct state + proper noun - son of Hinnom", "*wayyaḇʿêr*": "conjunction + 3rd masculine singular hiphil imperfect waw-consecutive - and he burned/caused to burn", "*ʾet*-*bānāyw*": "direct object marker + masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his sons", "*bāʾêsh*": "preposition + definite article + feminine singular noun - in the fire", "*kətôʿaḇôt*": "preposition + feminine plural construct - like abominations of", "*haggôyim*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the nations", "*ʾasher*": "relative pronoun - whom/which", "*hôrîsh*": "3rd masculine singular hiphil perfect - dispossessed/drove out", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh", "*mippənê*": "preposition + plural construct - from before", "*bənê*": "masculine plural construct - sons of", "*Yiśrāʾêl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*hiqṭîr*": "burned incense/offered sacrifice by burning", "*gêʾ* *ben*-*Hinnōm*": "Valley of Ben-Hinnom/Valley of the son of Hinnom (later Gehenna)", "*wayyaḇʿêr*": "burned/consumed/caused to burn", "*hôrîsh*": "dispossessed/drove out/expelled" } } 4 { "verseID": "2 Chronicles.28.4", "source": "וַיְזַבֵּ֧חַ וַיְקַטֵּ֛ר בַּבָּמ֖וֹת וְעַל־הַגְּבָע֑וֹת וְתַ֖חַת כָּל־עֵ֥ץ רַעֲנָֽן׃", "text": "*wayəzabbêaḥ* *wayəqaṭṭêr* *babbāmôt* *wəʿal*-*haggəḇāʿôt* *wətaḥat* *kol*-*ʿêṣ* *raʿanān*", "grammar": { "*wayəzabbêaḥ*": "conjunction + 3rd masculine singular piel imperfect waw-consecutive - and he sacrificed", "*wayəqaṭṭêr*": "conjunction + 3rd masculine singular piel imperfect waw-consecutive - and he burned incense", "*babbāmôt*": "preposition + definite article + feminine plural noun - on the high places", "*wəʿal*-*haggəḇāʿôt*": "conjunction + preposition + definite article + feminine plural noun - and on the hills", "*wətaḥat*": "conjunction + preposition - and under", "*kol*-*ʿêṣ*": "construct state - every tree", "*raʿanān*": "masculine singular adjective - green/luxuriant/leafy" }, "variants": { "*bāmôt*": "high places/cultic platforms", "*raʿanān*": "green/luxuriant/leafy/flourishing" } }
• 2 Kgs 21:3 : 3 { "verseID": "2Kings.21.3", "source": "וַיָּ֗שָׁב וַיִּ֙בֶן֙ אֶת־הַבָּמ֔וֹת אֲשֶׁ֥ר אִבַּ֖ד חִזְקִיָּ֣הוּ אָבִ֑יו וַיָּ֨קֶם מִזְבְּחֹ֜ת לַבַּ֗עַל וַיַּ֤עַשׂ אֲשֵׁרָה֙ כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֗ה אַחְאָב֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיִּשְׁתַּ֙חוּ֙ לְכָל־צְבָ֣א הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וַֽיַּעֲבֹ֖ד אֹתָֽם׃", "text": "*wa-yāshāb* *wa-yiben* *'et*-the-*bāmôt* *'ăsher* *'ibbad* *Ḥizqîyāhû* *'ābîw* *wa-yāqem* *mizbĕḥōt* to-*ba'al* *wa-ya'as* *'ăshērāh* *ka'ăsher* *'āsāh* *'Aḥ'āb* *melek* *Yisrā'ēl* *wa-yishtaḥû* to-all-*ṣĕbā'* the-*shāmayim* *wa-ya'ăbōd* *'ōtām*", "grammar": { "*wa-yāshāb*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he returned/again", "*wa-yiben*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he built", "*'et*": "direct object marker", "*bāmôt*": "feminine plural noun with definite article - the high places", "*'ăsher*": "relative particle - which", "*'ibbad*": "Piel perfect 3rd masculine singular - he destroyed", "*Ḥizqîyāhû*": "proper noun - Hezekiah", "*'ābîw*": "noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his father", "*wa-yāqem*": "conjunction + Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he erected", "*mizbĕḥōt*": "masculine plural noun - altars", "*ba'al*": "proper noun with preposition - to/for Baal", "*wa-ya'as*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he made", "*'ăshērāh*": "proper noun/cultic object - Asherah pole", "*ka'ăsher*": "preposition + relative particle - as/like", "*'āsāh*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he made/did", "*'Aḥ'āb*": "proper noun - Ahab", "*melek*": "construct state - king of", "*Yisrā'ēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*wa-yishtaḥû*": "conjunction + Hishtaphel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he bowed down", "*ṣĕbā'*": "construct state - host of", "*shāmayim*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the heaven/sky", "*wa-ya'ăbōd*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he served", "*'ōtām*": "direct object marker with 3rd masculine plural suffix - them" }, "variants": { "*wa-yāshāb*": "he returned/he turned back/he did again", "*bāmôt*": "high places/altars on hills/sacred platforms", "*'ibbad*": "destroyed/obliterated/removed", "*'ăshērāh*": "Asherah pole/sacred tree/goddess image", "*ṣĕbā'*": "host/army/multitude" } }
• Judg 2:11-13 : 11 { "verseID": "Judges.2.11", "source": "וַיַּעֲשׂ֧וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל אֶת־הָרַ֖ע בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וַיַּעַבְד֖וּ אֶת־הַבְּעָלִֽים׃", "text": "And-*wayyaʿăśû* *bənê*-*Yiśrāʾēl* *ʾet*-the-*raʿ* in-*ʿênê* *YHWH* and-*wayyaʿaḇəḏû* *ʾet*-the-*Bəʿālîm*", "grammar": { "*wayyaʿăśû*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they did", "*bənê*": "masculine plural construct - sons/children of", "*raʿ*": "masculine singular adjective with definite article - the evil", "*ʿênê*": "dual construct - eyes of", "*wayyaʿaḇəḏû*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they served", "*Bəʿālîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the Baals" }, "variants": { "*wayyaʿăśû*": "they did/made/performed", "*bənê*": "sons of/children of", "*raʿ*": "evil/wickedness/bad", "*ʿênê*": "eyes of/sight of/presence of", "*wayyaʿaḇəḏû*": "they served/worshipped", "*Bəʿālîm*": "Baals/multiple local manifestations of Baal" } } 12 { "verseID": "Judges.2.12", "source": "וַיַּעַזְב֞וּ אֶת־יְהוָ֣ה ׀ אֱלֹהֵ֣י אֲבוֹתָ֗ם הַמּוֹצִ֣יא אוֹתָם֮ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַיִם֒ וַיֵּלְכ֞וּ אַחֲרֵ֣י ׀ אֱלֹהִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֗ים מֵאֱלֹהֵ֤י הָֽעַמִּים֙ אֲשֶׁר֙ סְבִיב֣וֹתֵיהֶ֔ם וַיִּֽשְׁתַּחֲו֖וּ לָהֶ֑ם וַיַּכְעִ֖סוּ אֶת־יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "And-*wayyaʿazḇû* *ʾet*-*YHWH* *ʾĕlōhê* *ʾăḇôtām* the-*hammôṣîʾ* them from-*ʾereṣ* *Miṣrayim* and-*wayyēləḵû* after *ʾĕlōhîm* *ʾăḥērîm* from-*ʾĕlōhê* the-*ʿammîm* which *səḇîḇôtêhem* and-*wayyištaḥăwû* to-them and-*wayyaḵʿisû* *ʾet*-*YHWH*", "grammar": { "*wayyaʿazḇû*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they forsook", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "masculine plural construct - God of", "*ʾăḇôtām*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their fathers", "*hammôṣîʾ*": "hiphil participle, masculine singular with definite article - the one bringing out", "*ʾereṣ*": "feminine singular construct - land of", "*wayyēləḵû*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they went", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun - gods", "*ʾăḥērîm*": "masculine plural adjective - other", "*ʿammîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the peoples", "*səḇîḇôtêhem*": "feminine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their surroundings", "*wayyištaḥăwû*": "waw-consecutive + hishtaphel imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they bowed down", "*wayyaḵʿisû*": "waw-consecutive + hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they provoked" }, "variants": { "*wayyaʿazḇû*": "they forsook/abandoned/left", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "God of/gods of", "*ʾăḇôtām*": "their fathers/ancestors", "*hammôṣîʾ*": "who brought out/who led out", "*wayyēləḵû*": "they went/walked/followed", "*ʾĕlōhîm* *ʾăḥērîm*": "other gods/foreign deities", "*ʿammîm*": "peoples/nations", "*səḇîḇôtêhem*": "their surroundings/around them", "*wayyištaḥăwû*": "they bowed down/prostrated themselves/worshipped", "*wayyaḵʿisû*": "they provoked/angered/vexed" } } 13 { "verseID": "Judges.2.13", "source": "וַיַּעַזְב֖וּ אֶת־יְהוָ֑ה וַיַּעַבְד֥וּ לַבַּ֖עַל וְלָעַשְׁתָּרֽוֹת׃", "text": "And-*wayyaʿazḇû* *ʾet*-*YHWH* and-*wayyaʿaḇəḏû* to-the-*Baʿal* and-to-the-*ʿAštārôt*", "grammar": { "*wayyaʿazḇû*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they forsook", "*wayyaʿaḇəḏû*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they served", "*Baʿal*": "proper noun with definite article - the Baal", "*ʿAštārôt*": "proper noun, feminine plural - Ashtaroth" }, "variants": { "*wayyaʿazḇû*": "they forsook/abandoned/left", "*wayyaʿaḇəḏû*": "they served/worshipped", "*Baʿal*": "a Canaanite deity, 'lord/master'", "*ʿAštārôt*": "Canaanite fertility goddesses/female deities" } }
• 1 Kgs 14:23 : 23 { "verseID": "1 Kings.14.23", "source": "וַיִּבְנ֨וּ גַם־הֵ֧מָּה לָהֶ֛ם בָּמ֥וֹת וּמַצֵּב֖וֹת וַאֲשֵׁרִ֑ים עַ֚ל כָּל־גִּבְעָ֣ה גְבֹהָ֔ה וְתַ֖חַת כָּל־עֵ֥ץ רַעֲנָֽן׃", "text": "And *yibnû* also-they for-themselves *bāmôt* and *maṣṣēbôt* and *ʾăšērîm* on all-*gibʿâ* *gĕbōhâ* and-under all-*ʿēṣ* *raʿănān*.", "grammar": { "*yibnû*": "Qal imperfect (with waw consecutive), 3rd common plural - they built", "*bāmôt*": "feminine plural - high places", "*maṣṣēbôt*": "feminine plural - pillars/standing stones", "*ʾăšērîm*": "masculine plural - Asherim/sacred poles", "*gibʿâ*": "feminine singular construct - hill", "*gĕbōhâ*": "feminine singular adjective - high", "*ʿēṣ*": "masculine singular construct - tree", "*raʿănān*": "masculine singular adjective - luxuriant/green/leafy" }, "variants": { "*bāmôt*": "high places/elevated shrines/cultic platforms", "*maṣṣēbôt*": "pillars/standing stones/sacred pillars", "*ʾăšērîm*": "Asherim/sacred poles/cultic wooden objects", "*gibʿâ* *gĕbōhâ*": "high hill/lofty height", "*ʿēṣ* *raʿănān*": "green tree/leafy tree/luxuriant tree" } }
• 2 Chr 32:12 : 12 { "verseID": "2 Chronicles.32.12", "source": "הֲלֹא־הוּא֙ יְחִזְקִיָּ֔הוּ הֵסִ֥יר אֶת־בָּמֹתָ֖יו וְאֶת־מִזְבְּחֹתָ֑יו וַיֹּ֨אמֶר לִֽיהוּדָ֤ה וְלִֽירוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר לִפְנֵ֨י מִזְבֵּ֧חַ אֶחָ֛ד תִּֽשְׁתַּחֲוּ֖‪[t]‬וּ וְעָלָ֥יו תַּקְטִֽירוּ", "text": "Has-not-he *yəḥizqîyyāhû* *hēsîr* *ʾet*-*bāmōṯāyw* and-*ʾet*-*mizbəḥōṯāyw* *wa-yōʾmer* to-*yəhûḏāh* and-to-*yərûšālaim* *lēmōr* before-*mizbēaḥ* one *tištaḥăwû* and-upon-it *taqṭîrû*", "grammar": { "*yəḥizqîyyāhû*": "proper noun - Hezekiah", "*hēsîr*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he removed/took away", "*bāmōṯāyw*": "feminine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his high places", "*mizbəḥōṯāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his altars", "*wa-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*yəhûḏāh*": "proper noun - Judah", "*yərûšālaim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*lēmōr*": "qal infinitive construct - saying", "*mizbēaḥ*": "masculine singular noun - altar", "*tištaḥăwû*": "hishtaphel imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you shall worship/bow down", "*taqṭîrû*": "hiphil imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you shall burn incense/make offerings" }, "variants": { "*sûr*": "to remove/take away", "*bāmāh*": "high place/altar platform", "*mizbēaḥ*": "altar/place of sacrifice", "*šāḥāh*": "to bow down/worship/prostrate", "*qāṭar*": "to burn incense/make smoke offerings" } }
• Eccl 2:19 : 19 { "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.2.19", "source": "וּמִ֣י יוֹדֵ֗עַ הֶֽחָכָ֤ם יִהְיֶה֙ א֣וֹ סָכָ֔ל וְיִשְׁלַט֙ בְּכָל־עֲמָלִ֔י שֶֽׁעָמַ֥לְתִּי וְשֶׁחָכַ֖מְתִּי תַּ֣חַת הַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁ גַּם־זֶ֖ה הָֽבֶל׃", "text": "And who *yôdēaʿ* the-*ḥākām* *yihyeh* or *sākāl* and *yishlaṭ* in all-*ʿămālî* *sheʿāmaltî* and *sheḥākamtî* under the-*shāmesh* also-this *hābel*.", "grammar": { "*yôdēaʿ*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - knowing", "*ḥākām*": "masculine singular adjective with definite article - wise person", "*yihyeh*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will be", "*sākāl*": "adjective, masculine singular - foolish", "*yishlaṭ*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will rule/control", "*ʿămālî*": "masculine singular noun + 1st person suffix - my labor", "*sheʿāmaltî*": "relative particle + perfect, 1st singular - that I labored", "*sheḥākamtî*": "relative particle + perfect, 1st singular - that I became wise", "*shāmesh*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the sun", "*hābel*": "masculine singular noun - vapor/vanity" }, "variants": { "*mî yôdēaʿ*": "who knows", "*heḥākām yihyeh ʾô sākāl*": "will he be wise or foolish", "*yishlaṭ*": "will rule/have control/have mastery", "*ʿămālî sheʿāmaltî*": "my labor which I labored at", "*sheḥākamtî*": "in which I showed wisdom/that I applied wisdom to", "*taḥat hashāmesh*": "under the sun/in this world", "*hābel*": "vapor/breath/emptiness/vanity/futility/meaninglessness" } }
• Eccl 9:18 : 18 { "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.9.18", "source": "טוֹבָ֥ה חָכְמָ֖ה מִכְּלֵ֣י קְרָ֑ב וְחוֹטֶ֣א אֶחָ֔ד יְאַבֵּ֥ד טוֹבָ֖ה הַרְבֵּֽה׃", "text": "*Ṭôbâ* *ḥokmâ* from-*kĕlê* *qĕrāb*; and-*ḥôṭēʾ* *ʾeḥād* *yĕʾabbēd* *ṭôbâ* *harbēh*.", "grammar": { "*ṭôbâ*": "adjective, feminine singular - good/better", "*ḥokmâ*": "noun, feminine singular - wisdom", "*kĕlê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - weapons/tools of", "*qĕrāb*": "noun, masculine singular - battle/war", "*ḥôṭēʾ*": "verb, qal participle, masculine singular - sinning/erring", "*ʾeḥād*": "adjective, masculine singular - one", "*yĕʾabbēd*": "verb, piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - destroys", "*ṭôbâ*": "noun, feminine singular - good/goodness", "*harbēh*": "adjective, masculine singular - much/many" }, "variants": { "*ṭôbâ ḥokmâ*": "wisdom is better/wisdom is preferable", "*kĕlê qĕrāb*": "weapons of war/instruments of battle", "*ḥôṭēʾ*": "sinner/one who errs/one who makes a mistake", "*ʾeḥād*": "one/single", "*yĕʾabbēd*": "destroys/ruins/causes to perish", "*ṭôbâ harbēh*": "much good/great benefit" } }
• Jer 8:2 : 2 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.8.2", "source": "וּשְׁטָחוּם֩ לַשֶּׁ֨מֶשׁ וְלַיָּרֵ֜חַ וּלְכֹ֣ל ׀ צְבָ֣א הַשָּׁמַ֗יִם אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֲהֵב֜וּם וַאֲשֶׁ֤ר עֲבָדוּם֙ וַֽאֲשֶׁר֙ הָלְכ֣וּ אַֽחֲרֵיהֶ֔ם וַאֲשֶׁ֣ר דְּרָשׁ֔וּם וַאֲשֶׁ֥ר הִֽשְׁתַּחֲו֖וּ לָהֶ֑ם לֹ֤א יֵאָֽסְפוּ֙ וְלֹ֣א יִקָּבֵ֔רוּ לְדֹ֛מֶן עַל־פְּנֵ֥י הָאֲדָמָ֖ה יִֽהְיֽוּ׃", "text": "And-they shall *šᵊṭāḥûm* to-the-*šemeš* and-to-the-*yārēaḥ* and-to-*kōl* *ṣᵊbāʾ* the-*šāmayim* which they *ʾăhēbûm* and-which they *ʿăbādûm* and-which they *hālᵊkû* *ʾaḥărêhem* and-which they *dᵊrāšûm* and-which they *hištaḥăwû* to-them. Not they shall *yēʾāsᵊpû* and-not they shall *yiqqābērû*; for-*dōmen* upon-*pᵊnê* the-*ʾădāmāh* they shall *yihyû*.", "grammar": { "*šᵊṭāḥûm*": "qal perfect 3rd person plural with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - they will spread them out", "*šemeš*": "noun with definite article - the sun", "*yārēaḥ*": "noun with definite article - the moon", "*kōl*": "construct state - all of/entirety of", "*ṣᵊbāʾ*": "construct state - host/army of", "*šāmayim*": "noun with definite article - the heavens/sky", "*ʾăhēbûm*": "qal perfect 3rd person plural with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - they loved them", "*ʿăbādûm*": "qal perfect 3rd person plural with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - they served them", "*hālᵊkû*": "qal perfect 3rd person plural - they walked/went", "*ʾaḥărêhem*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - after them", "*dᵊrāšûm*": "qal perfect 3rd person plural with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - they sought them", "*hištaḥăwû*": "hitpael perfect 3rd person plural - they bowed down/prostrated themselves", "*yēʾāsᵊpû*": "niphal imperfect 3rd person plural - they will be gathered", "*yiqqābērû*": "niphal imperfect 3rd person plural - they will be buried", "*dōmen*": "noun - dung/manure", "*pᵊnê*": "construct plural of *pānîm* - face/surface of", "*ʾădāmāh*": "noun with definite article - the ground/earth/land", "*yihyû*": "qal imperfect 3rd person plural - they will be" }, "variants": { "*šᵊṭāḥûm*": "spread out/scatter/expose", "*šemeš*": "sun/sunlight", "*yārēaḥ*": "moon/month", "*ṣᵊbāʾ*": "host/army/assemblage", "*šāmayim*": "heavens/sky", "*ʾăhēbûm*": "loved/desired/preferred them", "*ʿăbādûm*": "served/worked for/worshipped them", "*hālᵊkû*": "walked/went/followed", "*dᵊrāšûm*": "sought/inquired of/consulted them", "*hištaḥăwû*": "bowed down/prostrated/worshipped", "*dōmen*": "dung/manure/refuse", "*pᵊnê*": "face/surface/presence" } }
• Jer 17:2 : 2 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.17.2", "source": "כִּזְכֹּ֤ר בְּנֵיהֶם֙ מִזְבְּחוֹתָ֔ם וַאֲשֵׁרֵיהֶ֖ם עַל־עֵ֣ץ רַֽעֲנָ֑ן עַ֖ל גְּבָע֥וֹת הַגְּבֹהֽוֹת׃", "text": "While-*kizkōr* *bĕnêhem* *mizbĕḥôtām* and-*ʾăšērêhem* upon-*ʿēṣ* *raʿănān* upon *gĕbāʿôt* *haggĕbōhôt*", "grammar": { "*kizkōr*": "infinitive construct with preposition - as/when remembering", "*bĕnêhem*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their children", "*mizbĕḥôtām*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their altars", "*ʾăšērêhem*": "feminine plural noun + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their Asherim/sacred poles", "*ʿēṣ*": "noun, masculine singular - tree", "*raʿănān*": "adjective, masculine singular - luxuriant/green/leafy", "*gĕbāʿôt*": "feminine plural noun - hills", "*haggĕbōhôt*": "definite article + feminine plural adjective - the high" }, "variants": { "*kizkōr*": "remembering/recalling", "*ʾăšērêhem*": "Asherim/Asherah poles/sacred trees", "*raʿănān*": "green/luxuriant/leafy/flourishing" } }
• Jer 19:13 : 13 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.19.13", "source": "וְהָי֞וּ בָּתֵּ֣י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֗ם וּבָתֵּי֙ מַלְכֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה כִּמְק֥וֹם הַתֹּ֖פֶת הַטְּמֵאִ֑ים לְכֹ֣ל הַבָּתִּ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר קִטְּר֜וּ עַל־גַּגֹּֽתֵיהֶם֙ לְכֹל֙ צְבָ֣א הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וְהַסֵּ֥ךְ נְסָכִ֖ים לֵאלֹהִ֥ים אֲחֵרִֽים׃ פ", "text": "And-*hāyû* *bāttê* *Yərûšālaim* and-*bāttê* *malḵê* *Yəhûdāh* like-*məqôm* the-*tōp̄eṯ* the-*ṭəmēʾîm*; to-all the-*bāttîm* *ʾăšer* *qiṭṭərû* upon-*gaggōṯêhem* to-all *ṣəḇāʾ* the-*šāmayim* and-*hassēḵ* *nəsāḵîm* to-*ʾĕlōhîm* *ʾăḥērîm*.", "grammar": { "*hāyû*": "qal perfect with waw consecutive, 3rd common plural - they will be", "*bāttê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - houses of", "*Yərûšālaim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*bāttê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - houses of", "*malḵê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - kings of", "*Yəhûdāh*": "proper noun - Judah", "*məqôm*": "noun, masculine singular construct - place of", "*tōp̄eṯ*": "proper noun - Topheth", "*ṭəmēʾîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - unclean", "*kōl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of", "*bāttîm*": "noun, masculine plural - houses", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*qiṭṭərû*": "piel perfect, 3rd common plural - they offered incense", "*gaggōṯêhem*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their roofs", "*ṣəḇāʾ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - host of", "*šāmayim*": "noun, masculine plural - heavens", "*hassēḵ*": "infinitive absolute - pouring out", "*nəsāḵîm*": "noun, masculine plural - drink offerings", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural - gods", "*ʾăḥērîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - other" }, "variants": { "*hāyû*": "they will be/become", "*bāttê*": "houses/homes/dwellings of", "*məqôm*": "place/site/location", "*tōp̄eṯ*": "Topheth (place name)", "*ṭəmēʾîm*": "unclean/defiled/impure", "*bāttîm*": "houses/homes/dwellings", "*qiṭṭərû*": "offered incense/made offerings/burned sacrifices", "*gaggōṯêhem*": "their roofs/housetops", "*ṣəḇāʾ*": "host/army/multitude", "*šāmayim*": "heavens/sky", "*hassēḵ*": "pouring out/offering libations", "*nəsāḵîm*": "drink offerings/libations", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "gods/deities", "*ʾăḥērîm*": "other/foreign/strange" } }
• Zeph 1:5 : 5 { "verseID": "Zephaniah.1.5", "source": "וְאֶת־הַמִּשְׁתַּחֲוִ֥ים עַל־הַגַּגּ֖וֹת לִצְבָ֣א הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם וְאֶת־הַמִּֽשְׁתַּחֲוִים֙ הַנִּשְׁבָּעִ֣ים לַֽיהוָ֔ה וְהַנִּשְׁבָּעִ֖ים בְּמַלְכָּֽם׃", "text": "*wəʾeṯ*-*hammištaḥăwîm* *ʿal*-*haggaggôṯ* *liṣḇā* *haššāmāyim*, *wəʾeṯ*-*hammištaḥăwîm* *hannišbāʿîm* *la-YHWH* *wəhannišbāʿîm* *bəmalkām*.", "grammar": { "*wəʾeṯ*": "conjunction + direct object marker", "*hammištaḥăwîm*": "hitpael participle, masculine plural with definite article - the ones bowing down/worshipping", "*ʿal*": "preposition - on/upon", "*haggaggôṯ*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the roofs", "*liṣḇā*": "preposition + construct state, masculine singular - to/for host/army of", "*haššāmāyim*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the heavens/sky", "*hannišbāʿîm*": "niphal participle, masculine plural with definite article - the ones swearing/taking oaths", "*la-YHWH*": "preposition + divine name - to/by YHWH", "*wəhannišbāʿîm*": "conjunction + niphal participle, masculine plural with definite article - and the ones swearing/taking oaths", "*bəmalkām*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - by their king/Milcom" }, "variants": { "*hammištaḥăwîm*": "the ones worshipping/bowing down/prostrating themselves", "*liṣḇā*": "to host/army/multitude", "*haššāmāyim*": "the heavens/the sky/the celestial bodies", "*hannišbāʿîm*": "the ones swearing/taking oaths", "*bəmalkām*": "by their king/by Milcom/Molech (Ammonite deity)/by their Molech" } }
• Acts 7:42 : 42 { "verseID": "Acts.7.42", "source": "Ἔστρεψεν δὲ ὁ Θεός, καὶ παρέδωκεν αὐτοὺς λατρεύειν τῇ στρατιᾷ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ· καθὼς γέγραπται ἐν βίβλῳ τῶν προφητῶν, Μὴ σφάγια καὶ θυσίας προσηνέγκατέ μοι ἔτη τεσσαράκοντα ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ; Οἶκος Ἰσραήλ,", "text": "*Estrepsen* *de* the *Theos*, and *paredōken* them to-*latreuein* to-the *stratia* of-the *ouranou*; *kathōs* it-has-been-*gegraptai* in *biblō* of-the *prophētōn*, Not *sphagia* and *thysias* did-you-*prosēnegkate* to-me *etē* forty in the *erēmō*? *Oikos* *Israēl*,", "grammar": { "*Estrepsen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd singular - turned", "*de*": "postpositive conjunction - but/and", "*Theos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - God", "*paredōken*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd singular - handed over/delivered", "*latreuein*": "present active infinitive - to serve/worship", "*stratia*": "dative, feminine, singular - host/army", "*ouranou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - heaven/sky", "*kathōs*": "adverb - according as/just as", "*gegraptai*": "perfect passive indicative, 3rd singular - has been written", "*biblō*": "dative, feminine, singular - book/scroll", "*prophētōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - prophets", "*sphagia*": "accusative, neuter, plural - slain beasts/victims for sacrifice", "*thysias*": "accusative, feminine, plural - sacrifices/offerings", "*prosēnegkate*": "aorist active indicative, 2nd plural - did you offer/bring", "*etē*": "accusative, neuter, plural - years", "*erēmō*": "dative, feminine, singular - wilderness/desert", "*Oikos*": "vocative, masculine, singular - house/household", "*Israēl*": "genitive, masculine, singular - Israel" }, "variants": { "*Estrepsen*": "turned/turned away/turned against", "*paredōken*": "handed over/gave up/abandoned", "*latreuein*": "to serve/worship/offer religious service", "*stratia*": "host/army/heavenly bodies", "*sphagia*": "slain beasts/sacrificial victims", "*Oikos*": "house/household/family/lineage" } }