Deut 21:1-9 : 1 {
"verseID": "Deuteronomy.21.1",
"source": "כִּי־יִמָּצֵ֣א חָלָ֗ל בָּאֲדָמָה֙ אֲשֶׁר֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהֶ֜יךָ נֹתֵ֤ן לְךָ֙ לְרִשְׁתָּ֔הּ נֹפֵ֖ל בַּשָּׂדֶ֑ה לֹ֥א נוֹדַ֖ע מִ֥י הִכָּֽהוּ׃",
"text": "If *yimmāṣēʾ* *ḥālāl* in-the-*ʾădāmāh* which *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêkā* *nōtēn* to-you to-*rištāh*, *nōpēl* in-the-*śādeh*, not *nôdaʿ* who *hikkāhû*.",
"grammar": {
"*yimmāṣēʾ*": "Niphal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - is found/discovered",
"*ḥālāl*": "masculine singular noun - slain person/corpse",
"*ʾădāmāh*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - ground/land",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name",
"*ʾĕlōhêkā*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your God",
"*nōtēn*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - giving/is giving",
"*rištāh*": "Qal infinitive construct with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - to possess it",
"*nōpēl*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - falling/lying",
"*śādeh*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - field",
"*nôdaʿ*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - is known/has been known",
"*hikkāhû*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - struck him"
},
"variants": {
"*ḥālāl*": "slain person/corpse/pierced one",
"*ʾădāmāh*": "ground/land/soil/earth",
"*nōtēn*": "giving/granting",
"*rištāh*": "to possess it/to inherit it",
"*nōpēl*": "lying/fallen/falling",
"*hikkāhû*": "struck him/killed him/smote him"
}
}
2 {
"verseID": "Deuteronomy.21.2",
"source": "וְיָצְא֥וּ זְקֵנֶ֖יךָ וְשֹׁפְטֶ֑יךָ וּמָדְדוּ֙ אֶל־הֶ֣עָרִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֖ר סְבִיבֹ֥ת הֶחָלָֽל׃",
"text": "And-*yāṣʾû* *zəqēnêkā* and-*šōpəṭêkā*, and-*mādədû* to-the-*ʿārîm* which *səbîbōt* the-*heḥālāl*.",
"grammar": {
"*yāṣʾû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - they shall go out",
"*zəqēnêkā*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your elders",
"*šōpəṭêkā*": "masculine plural Qal participle with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your judges",
"*mādədû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - they shall measure",
"*ʿārîm*": "feminine plural noun with definite article - the cities",
"*səbîbōt*": "feminine plural noun construct - surrounding/around",
"*heḥālāl*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the slain person/corpse"
},
"variants": {
"*zəqēnêkā*": "your elders/your old men",
"*šōpəṭêkā*": "your judges/your officials",
"*mādədû*": "they shall measure/they shall calculate distances",
"*səbîbōt*": "surrounding/around/in the vicinity of"
}
}
3 {
"verseID": "Deuteronomy.21.3",
"source": "וְהָיָ֣ה הָעִ֔יר הַקְּרֹבָ֖ה אֶל־הֶחָלָ֑ל וְלָֽקְח֡וּ זִקְנֵי֩ הָעִ֨יר הַהִ֜וא עֶגְלַ֣ת בָּקָ֗ר אֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹֽא־עֻבַּד֙ בָּ֔הּ אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־מָשְׁכָ֖ה בְּעֹֽל׃",
"text": "And-*hāyāh* the-*ʿîr* the-*qərōbāh* to-the-*heḥālāl*, and-*lāqəḥû* *ziqnê* the-*ʿîr* the-*hahîʾ* *ʿeglat* *bāqār* which not-*ʿubbad* in-her, which not-*māšəkāh* in-*ʿōl*.",
"grammar": {
"*hāyāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - it will be",
"*ʿîr*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the city",
"*qərōbāh*": "feminine singular adjective with definite article - the nearest",
"*heḥālāl*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the slain one",
"*lāqəḥû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - they shall take",
"*ziqnê*": "masculine plural noun construct - elders of",
"*hahîʾ*": "feminine singular demonstrative adjective with definite article - that",
"*ʿeglat*": "feminine singular noun construct - heifer of",
"*bāqār*": "collective noun - cattle/herd",
"*ʿubbad*": "Pual perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - was worked with",
"*māšəkāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - she has drawn/pulled",
"*ʿōl*": "masculine singular noun - yoke"
},
"variants": {
"*qərōbāh*": "nearest/closest",
"*ʿeglat*": "heifer/young cow",
"*bāqār*": "cattle/herd/oxen",
"*ʿubbad*": "was worked with/was used for labor",
"*māšəkāh*": "has drawn/pulled/dragged",
"*ʿōl*": "yoke/burden"
}
}
4 {
"verseID": "Deuteronomy.21.4",
"source": "וְהוֹרִ֡דוּ זִקְנֵי֩ הָעִ֨יר הַהִ֤וא אֶת־הָֽעֶגְלָה֙ אֶל־נַ֣חַל אֵיתָ֔ן אֲשֶׁ֛ר לֹא־יֵעָבֵ֥ד בּ֖וֹ וְלֹ֣א יִזָּרֵ֑עַ וְעָֽרְפוּ־שָׁ֥ם אֶת־הָעֶגְלָ֖ה בַּנָּֽחַל׃",
"text": "And-*hôrîdû* *ziqnê* the-*ʿîr* the-*hahîʾ* [direct object] the-*ʿeglāh* to-*naḥal* *ʾêtān* which not-*yēʿābēd* in-him and-not *yizzārēaʿ*, and-*ʿārəpû* there [direct object] the-*ʿeglāh* in-the-*naḥal*.",
"grammar": {
"*hôrîdû*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd person common plural - they shall bring down",
"*ziqnê*": "masculine plural noun construct - elders of",
"*ʿîr*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the city",
"*hahîʾ*": "feminine singular demonstrative adjective with definite article - that",
"*ʿeglāh*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the heifer",
"*naḥal*": "masculine singular noun - valley/stream/wadi",
"*ʾêtān*": "masculine singular adjective - perennial/ever-flowing",
"*yēʿābēd*": "Niphal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - is worked/tilled",
"*yizzārēaʿ*": "Niphal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - is sown",
"*ʿārəpû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - they shall break the neck of",
"*naḥal*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the valley/stream"
},
"variants": {
"*hôrîdû*": "bring down/lead down",
"*naḥal*": "valley/stream/wadi/ravine",
"*ʾêtān*": "perennial/ever-flowing/lasting/permanent",
"*yēʿābēd*": "is worked/tilled/cultivated",
"*yizzārēaʿ*": "is sown/planted",
"*ʿārəpû*": "break the neck of/behead"
}
}
5 {
"verseID": "Deuteronomy.21.5",
"source": "וְנִגְּשׁ֣וּ הַכֹּהֲנִים֮ בְּנֵ֣י לֵוִי֒ כִּ֣י בָ֗ם בָּחַ֞ר יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ לְשָׁ֣רְת֔וֹ וּלְבָרֵ֖ךְ בְּשֵׁ֣ם יְהוָ֑ה וְעַל־פִּיהֶ֥ם יִהְיֶ֖ה כָּל־רִ֥יב וְכָל־נָֽגַע׃",
"text": "And-*niggəšû* the-*kōhănîm* *bənê* *Lēwî*, for in-them *bāḥar* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêkā* to-*šārətô* and-to-*bārēk* in-name-of *YHWH*, and-on *pîhem* *yihyeh* every-*rîb* and-every-*nāgaʿ*.",
"grammar": {
"*niggəšû*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd person common plural - they shall approach",
"*kōhănîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the priests",
"*bənê*": "masculine plural noun construct - sons of",
"*Lēwî*": "proper noun - Levi",
"*bāḥar*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he has chosen",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name",
"*ʾĕlōhêkā*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your God",
"*šārətô*": "Piel infinitive construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to serve him",
"*bārēk*": "Piel infinitive construct - to bless",
"*pîhem*": "masculine singular noun construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their mouth/word",
"*yihyeh*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - it will be",
"*rîb*": "masculine singular noun - dispute",
"*nāgaʿ*": "masculine singular noun - plague/stroke/mark"
},
"variants": {
"*niggəšû*": "they shall approach/come near",
"*kōhănîm*": "priests/officiants",
"*šārətô*": "to serve him/to minister to him",
"*bārēk*": "to bless/to pronounce blessing",
"*pîhem*": "their mouth/their word/their declaration",
"*rîb*": "dispute/controversy/legal case",
"*nāgaʿ*": "plague/stroke/injury/mark"
}
}
6 {
"verseID": "Deuteronomy.21.6",
"source": "וְכֹ֗ל זִקְנֵי֙ הָעִ֣יר הַהִ֔וא הַקְּרֹבִ֖ים אֶל־הֶחָלָ֑ל יִרְחֲצוּ֙ אֶת־יְדֵיהֶ֔ם עַל־הָעֶגְלָ֖ה הָעֲרוּפָ֥ה בַנָּֽחַל׃",
"text": "And-all *ziqnê* the-*ʿîr* the-*hahîʾ* the-*qərōbîm* to-the-*heḥālāl* *yirḥăṣû* [direct object] *yədêhem* over-the-*ʿeglāh* the-*ʿărûpāh* in-the-*naḥal*.",
"grammar": {
"*ziqnê*": "masculine plural noun construct - elders of",
"*ʿîr*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the city",
"*hahîʾ*": "feminine singular demonstrative adjective with definite article - that",
"*qərōbîm*": "masculine plural adjective with definite article - the nearest",
"*heḥālāl*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the slain one",
"*yirḥăṣû*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they shall wash",
"*yədêhem*": "feminine dual noun construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their hands",
"*ʿeglāh*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the heifer",
"*ʿărûpāh*": "Qal passive participle, feminine singular with definite article - the neck-broken",
"*naḥal*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the valley/stream"
},
"variants": {
"*qərōbîm*": "nearest/closest ones",
"*yirḥăṣû*": "they shall wash/cleanse",
"*ʿărûpāh*": "neck-broken/beheaded"
}
}
7 {
"verseID": "Deuteronomy.21.7",
"source": "וְעָנ֖וּ וְאָמְר֑וּ יָדֵ֗ינוּ לֹ֤א *שפכה **שָֽׁפְכוּ֙ אֶת־הַדָּ֣ם הַזֶּ֔ה וְעֵינֵ֖ינוּ לֹ֥א רָאֽוּ׃",
"text": "And-*ʿānû* and-*ʾāmərû*: *yādênû* not *šāpəkû* [direct object] the-*dām* the-*zeh*, and-*ʿênênû* not *rāʾû*.",
"grammar": {
"*ʿānû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - they shall answer",
"*ʾāmərû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - they shall say",
"*yādênû*": "feminine dual noun construct with 1st person common plural suffix - our hands",
"*šāpəkû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - they shed/poured out",
"*dām*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the blood",
"*zeh*": "masculine singular demonstrative adjective with definite article - this",
"*ʿênênû*": "feminine dual noun construct with 1st person common plural suffix - our eyes",
"*rāʾû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - they saw"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿānû*": "they shall answer/they shall testify/they shall respond",
"*šāpəkû*": "shed/poured out/spilled",
"*dām*": "blood/bloodshed"
}
}
8 {
"verseID": "Deuteronomy.21.8",
"source": "כַּפֵּר֩ לְעַמְּךָ֨ יִשְׂרָאֵ֤ל אֲשֶׁר־פָּדִ֙יתָ֙ יְהוָ֔ה וְאַל־תִּתֵּן֙ דָּ֣ם נָקִ֔י בְּקֶ֖רֶב עַמְּךָ֣ יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְנִכַּפֵּ֥ר לָהֶ֖ם הַדָּֽם׃",
"text": "*Kappēr* to-*ʿamməkā* *Yiśrāʾēl* which-*pādîtā* *YHWH*, and-not-*tittēn* *dām* *nāqî* in-*qereb* *ʿamməkā* *Yiśrāʾēl*, and-*nikkapēr* to-them the-*dām*.",
"grammar": {
"*Kappēr*": "Piel imperative, masculine singular - atone/forgive",
"*ʿamməkā*": "masculine singular noun construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your people",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*pādîtā*": "Qal perfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you have redeemed",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name",
"*tittēn*": "Qal imperfect jussive, 2nd person masculine singular - may you give",
"*dām*": "masculine singular noun - blood",
"*nāqî*": "masculine singular adjective - innocent",
"*qereb*": "masculine singular noun construct - midst of",
"*ʿamməkā*": "masculine singular noun construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your people",
"*nikkapēr*": "Piel perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - it shall be atoned"
},
"variants": {
"*Kappēr*": "atone/forgive/cover/purge",
"*pādîtā*": "you have redeemed/ransomed/delivered",
"*tittēn*": "may you give/place/put",
"*dām nāqî*": "innocent blood/blood of an innocent",
"*qereb*": "midst/among/within",
"*nikkapēr*": "it shall be atoned/forgiven/pardoned"
}
}
9 {
"verseID": "Deuteronomy.21.9",
"source": "וְאַתָּ֗ה תְּבַעֵ֛ר הַדָּ֥ם הַנָּקִ֖י מִקִּרְבֶּ֑ךָ כִּֽי־תַעֲשֶׂ֥ה הַיָּשָׁ֖ר בְּעֵינֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ ס",
"text": "And-*ʾattāh* *təbaʿēr* the-*dām* the-*nāqî* from-*qirbəkā*, when-*taʿăśeh* the-*yāšār* in-*ʿênê* *YHWH*.",
"grammar": {
"*ʾattāh*": "2nd person masculine singular independent pronoun - you",
"*təbaʿēr*": "Piel imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you shall remove/purge",
"*dām*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the blood",
"*nāqî*": "masculine singular adjective with definite article - the innocent",
"*qirbəkā*": "masculine singular noun construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your midst",
"*taʿăśeh*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you do/will do",
"*yāšār*": "masculine singular adjective with definite article - the right/straight",
"*ʿênê*": "feminine dual noun construct - eyes of",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name"
},
"variants": {
"*təbaʿēr*": "remove/purge/burn away",
"*qirbəkā*": "your midst/among you/from within you",
"*yāšār*": "right/straight/upright/just"
}
}