Psalms 51:4

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "Psalms.51.4", "source": "*הרבה **הֶ֭רֶב כַּבְּסֵ֣נִי מֵעֲוֺנִ֑י וּֽמֵחַטָּאתִ֥י טַהֲרֵֽנִי׃", "text": "*hereb* *kabbəsēnî* from-*ʿăwōnî* and-from-*ḥaṭṭāʾtî* *ṭahărēnî*", "grammar": { "*hereb*": "Hiphil imperative masculine singular - multiply/increase/do abundantly", "*kabbəsēnî*": "Piel imperative with 1st person singular suffix - wash me thoroughly", "*ʿăwōnî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix and prefixed min (from) - my iniquity", "*ḥaṭṭāʾtî*": "feminine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix and prefixed min (from) - my sin", "*ṭahărēnî*": "Piel imperative with 1st person singular suffix - cleanse me" }, "variants": { "*hereb*": "multiply/increase/do abundantly/thoroughly", "*kabbəsēnî*": "wash me thoroughly/cleanse me completely", "*ʿăwōnî*": "my iniquity/guilt/punishment", "*ḥaṭṭāʾtî*": "my sin/offense/failure", "*ṭahărēnî*": "cleanse me/purify me/make me clean" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

*הרבה **הֶ֭רֶב כַּבְּסֵ֣נִי מֵעֲוֺנִ֑י וּֽמֵחַטָּאתִ֥י טַהֲרֵֽנִי׃

Transliteration

hereb kabbəsēnî from-ʿăwōnî and-from-ḥaṭṭāʾtî ṭahărēnî

Grammar Details

• *hereb*: Hiphil imperative masculine singular - multiply/increase/do abundantly
• *kabbəsēnî*: Piel imperative with 1st person singular suffix - wash me thoroughly
• *ʿăwōnî*: masculine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix and prefixed min (from) - my iniquity
• *ḥaṭṭāʾtî*: feminine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix and prefixed min (from) - my sin
• *ṭahărēnî*: Piel imperative with 1st person singular suffix - cleanse me

Word Meanings

• *hereb*: multiply/increase/do abundantly/thoroughly
• *kabbəsēnî*: wash me thoroughly/cleanse me completely
• *ʿăwōnî*: my iniquity/guilt/punishment
• *ḥaṭṭāʾtî*: my sin/offense/failure
• *ṭahărēnî*: cleanse me/purify me/make me clean

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  Wash me thoroughly from my iniquity, and cleanse me from my sin.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  Against thee, thee only, have I sinned, and done this evil in thy sight: that thou mightest be justified when thou speakest, and be clear when thou judgest.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  Against you, you only, have I sinned and done this evil in your sight, that you may be justified when you speak and be clear when you judge.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  Against thee, thee only, have I sinned, and done this evil in thy sight: that thou mightest be justified when thou speakest, and be clear when thou judgest.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  Against thee, thee only, have I sinned,{H2398} And done{H6213} that which is evil{H7451} in thy sight;{H5869} That thou mayest be justified{H6663} when thou speakest,{H1696} And be clear{H2135} when thou judgest.{H8199}

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  Against thee, thee only, have I sinned{H2398}{H8804)}, and done{H6213}{H8804)} this evil{H7451} in thy sight{H5869}: that thou mightest be justified{H6663}{H8799)} when thou speakest{H1696}{H8800)}, and be clear{H2135}{H8799)} when thou judgest{H8199}{H8800)}.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  Agaynst the only, agaynst the haue I synned, and done euell in thy sight: that thou mightest be iustified in thy saynges, and shuldest ouercome when thou art iudged.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  Against thee, against thee onely haue I sinned, and done euill in thy sight, that thou mayest be iust when thou speakest, and pure when thou iudgest.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  Agaynst thee, only agaynst thee I haue sinned and done this euyll in thy sight: that thou mightest be iustified in thy saying, and founde pure when thou art iudged.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  Against thee, thee only, have I sinned, and done [this] evil in thy sight: that thou mightest be justified when thou speakest, [and] be clear when thou judgest.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  Against you, and you only, have I sinned, And done that which is evil in your sight; That you may be proved right when you speak, And justified when you judge.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  Against Thee, Thee only, I have sinned, And done the evil thing in Thine eyes, So that Thou art righteous in Thy words, Thou art pure in Thy judging.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  Against thee, thee only, have I sinned, And done that which is evil in thy sight; That thou mayest be justified when thou speakest, And be clear when thou judgest.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  Against thee, thee only, have I sinned, And done that which is evil in thy sight; That thou mayest be justified when thou speakest, And be clear when thou judgest.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  Against you, you only, have I done wrong, working that which is evil in your eyes; so that your words may be seen to be right, and you may be clear when you are judging.

• World English Bible (2000)

  Against you, and you only, have I sinned, and done that which is evil in your sight; that you may be proved right when you speak, and justified when you judge.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  Against you– you above all– I have sinned; I have done what is evil in your sight. So you are just when you confront me; you are right when you condemn me.

Referenced Verses

• Rom 3:4 : 4 { "verseID": "Romans.3.4", "source": "Μὴ γένοιτο: γινέσθω δὲ ὁ Θεὸς ἀληθής, πᾶς δὲ ἄνθρωπος ψεύστης· καθὼς γέγραπται, Ὅπως ἂν δικαιωθῇς ἐν τοῖς λόγοις σου, καὶ νικήσῃς ἐν τῷ κρίνεσθαί σε.", "text": "*Mē genoito*: *ginesthō de ho Theos alēthēs*, *pas de anthrōpos pseustēs*; *kathōs gegraptai*, *Hopōs an dikaiōthēs en tois logois sou*, *kai nikēsēs en tō krinesthai se*.", "grammar": { "*Mē genoito*": "optative phrase, aorist middle, 3rd person singular - may it not be/certainly not", "*ginesthō*": "verb, imperative, present middle/passive, 3rd person singular - let be", "*de*": "postpositive conjunction - but/and", "*ho Theos*": "noun, nominative, masculine, singular - God", "*alēthēs*": "adjective, nominative, masculine, singular - true/truthful", "*pas*": "adjective, nominative, masculine, singular - every/all", "*anthrōpos*": "noun, nominative, masculine, singular - man/human", "*pseustēs*": "noun, nominative, masculine, singular - liar", "*kathōs*": "adverb - just as/according as", "*gegraptai*": "verb, perfect passive, 3rd person singular - it has been written", "*Hopōs*": "conjunction - so that/in order that", "*an*": "particle with subjunctive - would/might", "*dikaiōthēs*": "verb, aorist passive subjunctive, 2nd person singular - you might be justified", "*en tois logois*": "preposition + dative noun, masculine, plural - in the words", "*sou*": "pronoun, genitive, singular - of you/your", "*kai*": "conjunction - and", "*nikēsēs*": "verb, aorist active subjunctive, 2nd person singular - you might conquer/prevail", "*en tō krinesthai*": "preposition + articular infinitive, present middle/passive - in the being judged", "*se*": "pronoun, accusative, singular - you" }, "variants": { "*Mē genoito*": "may it not be/by no means/certainly not/God forbid", "*alēthēs*": "true/truthful/honest", "*pseustēs*": "liar/deceiver/false", "*dikaiōthēs*": "be justified/be vindicated/be proven right", "*nikēsēs*": "conquer/prevail/overcome/be victorious", "*krinesthai*": "being judged/entering into judgment/going to court" } }
• Gen 20:6 : 6 { "verseID": "Genesis.20.6", "source": "וַיֹּאמֶר֩ אֵלָ֨יו הֽ͏ָאֱלֹהִ֜ים בַּחֲלֹ֗ם גַּ֣ם אָנֹכִ֤י יָדַ֙עְתִּי֙ כִּ֤י בְתָם־לְבָבְךָ֙ עָשִׂ֣יתָ זֹּ֔את וָאֶחְשֹׂ֧ךְ גַּם־אָנֹכִ֛י אֽוֹתְךָ֖ מֵחֲטוֹ־לִ֑י עַל־כֵּ֥ן לֹא־נְתַתִּ֖יךָ לִנְגֹּ֥עַ אֵלֶֽיהָ׃", "text": "*wə-yō'mer* to-him *hā-'ĕlōhîm* in-*ḥălōm* also I *yāḏa'tî* that in-*tōm*-heart-your *'āśîṯā* this *wā-'eḥśōḵ* also-I *'ôṯəḵā* from-*ḥăṭô*-to-me therefore not-*nəṯattîḵā* to-*lingōa'* to-her", "grammar": { "*wə-yō'mer*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*'ēlāyw*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - to him", "*hā-'ĕlōhîm*": "definite article + common noun, masculine plural (used as singular) - the God", "*ba-ḥălōm*": "preposition + definite article + common noun, masculine singular - in the dream", "*gam*": "adverb - also", "*'ānōḵî*": "1st common singular personal pronoun - I", "*yāḏa'tî*": "Qal perfect 1st common singular - I knew", "*kî*": "conjunction - that", "*ḇə-ṯōm*": "preposition + common noun, masculine singular construct - in integrity of", "*ləḇāḇəḵā*": "common noun, masculine singular construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your heart", "*'āśîṯā*": "Qal perfect 2nd masculine singular - you did", "*zō'ṯ*": "demonstrative pronoun, feminine singular - this", "*wā-'eḥśōḵ*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 1st common singular - and I withheld", "*gam*": "adverb - also", "*'ānōḵî*": "1st common singular personal pronoun - I", "*'ôṯəḵā*": "direct object marker + 2nd masculine singular suffix - you", "*mē-ḥăṭô*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - from sinning", "*lî*": "preposition + 1st common singular suffix - against me", "*'al-kēn*": "preposition + adverb - therefore", "*lō'*": "negative particle - not", "*nəṯattîḵā*": "Qal perfect 1st common singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - I gave/allowed you", "*lingōa'*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to touch", "*'ēleyhā*": "preposition + 3rd feminine singular suffix - to her" }, "variants": { "*yāḏa'tî*": "know/perceive/understand/recognize", "*tōm*": "integrity/completeness/innocence", "*'āśîṯā*": "do/make/accomplish", "*'eḥśōḵ*": "withhold/keep back/restrain", "*ḥăṭô*": "sin/miss the mark/offend", "*nəṯattîḵā*": "give/set/put/place/allow", "*lingōa'*": "touch/reach/strike" } }
• Luke 15:21 : 21 { "verseID": "Luke.15.21", "source": "Εἶπεν δὲ αὐτῷ ὁ υἱὸς, Πάτερ, ἥμαρτον εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν, καὶ ἐνώπιόν σου, καὶ οὐκέτι εἰμὶ ἄξιος κληθῆναι υἱός σου.", "text": "*Eipen* *de* to-him the *huios*, *Pater*, *hēmarton* against the *ouranon*, and *enōpion* of-you, and no-longer *eimi* *axios* *klēthēnai* *huios* of-you.", "grammar": { "*Eipen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - he said", "*de*": "postpositive particle - but/and/now", "αὐτῷ": "personal pronoun, dative, masculine, singular - to him", "*huios*": "noun, masculine singular, nominative - son", "*Pater*": "noun, masculine singular, vocative - Father", "*hēmarton*": "aorist active indicative, 1st person singular - I sinned", "*ouranon*": "noun, masculine singular, accusative - heaven/sky", "*enōpion*": "preposition + genitive - before/in the sight of", "σου": "personal pronoun, genitive, 2nd person singular - of you", "*eimi*": "present active indicative, 1st person singular - I am", "*axios*": "adjective, masculine singular, nominative - worthy", "*klēthēnai*": "aorist passive infinitive - to be called", "*huios*": "noun, masculine singular, nominative - son" }, "variants": { "*Eipen*": "said/spoke", "*huios*": "son", "*hēmarton*": "I sinned/did wrong", "*ouranon*": "heaven/sky", "*enōpion*": "before/in the sight of/in the presence of", "*eimi*": "I am/exist", "*axios*": "worthy/deserving", "*klēthēnai*": "to be called/named" } }
• Gen 39:9 : 9 { "verseID": "Genesis.39.9", "source": "אֵינֶ֨נּוּ גָד֜וֹל בַּבַּ֣יִת הַזֶּה֮ מִמֶּנִּי֒ וְלֹֽא־חָשַׂ֤ךְ מִמֶּ֙נִּי֙ מְא֔וּמָה כִּ֥י אִם־אוֹתָ֖ךְ בַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר אַתְּ־אִשְׁתּ֑וֹ וְאֵ֨יךְ אֶֽעֱשֶׂ֜ה הָרָעָ֤ה הַגְּדֹלָה֙ הַזֹּ֔את וְחָטָ֖אתִי לֵֽאלֹהִֽים׃", "text": "*ʾênennû* *gāḏôl* in the *babbayit* the *hazzeh* than me, and not-*ḥāśaḵ* from me *mĕʾûmâ* except-*ʾôtāḵ* because *ʾattĕ*-*ʾištô*; and how *ʾeʿĕśeh* the *hārāʿâ* the *haggĕḏōlâ* the *hazzōʾt* and *ḥāṭāʾtî* to *lēʾlōhîm*.", "grammar": { "*ʾênennû*": "negative particle with 3rd masculine singular suffix - he is not", "*gāḏôl*": "adjective, masculine singular - great/greater", "*babbayit*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - in the house", "*hazzeh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this", "*ḥāśaḵ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he withheld/kept back", "*mĕʾûmâ*": "noun, feminine singular - anything", "*ʾôtāḵ*": "direct object marker with 2nd feminine singular suffix - you", "*ʾattĕ*": "independent personal pronoun, 2nd feminine singular - you", "*ʾištô*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his wife", "*ʾeʿĕśeh*": "qal imperfect, 1st common singular - I will do/make", "*hārāʿâ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the evil/wickedness", "*haggĕḏōlâ*": "definite article + adjective, feminine singular - the great", "*hazzōʾt*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun, feminine singular - this", "*ḥāṭāʾtî*": "qal perfect, 1st common singular - I have sinned", "*lēʾlōhîm*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural - to God" }, "variants": { "*ʾênennû* *gāḏôl*": "he is not greater/no one has greater authority", "*ḥāśaḵ*": "withheld/kept back/restrained", "*ḥāṭāʾtî*": "sinned/missed the mark/offended", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/divine beings [plural form with singular meaning]" } }
• Lev 5:19 : 19 { "verseID": "Leviticus.5.19", "source": "אָשָׁ֖ם ה֑וּא אָשֹׁ֥ם אָשַׁ֖ם לַיהוָֽה׃", "text": "*ʾĀšām* it *ʾāšōm* *ʾāšam* to-*YHWH*", "grammar": { "*ʾāšām*": "noun, masculine, singular - guilt offering", "*ʾāšōm*": "verb, qal infinitive absolute - certainly guilty", "*ʾāšam*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he is guilty", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name" }, "variants": { "*ʾāšām*": "guilt offering/reparation offering", "*ʾāšōm* *ʾāšam*": "he is certainly guilty/he has definitely become guilty" } }
• Lev 6:2-7 : 2 { "verseID": "Leviticus.6.2", "source": "צַ֤ו אֶֽת־אַהֲרֹן֙ וְאֶת־בָּנָ֣יו לֵאמֹ֔ר זֹ֥את תּוֹרַ֖ת הָעֹלָ֑ה הִ֣וא הָעֹלָ֡ה עַל֩ מוֹקְדָ֨ה עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֤חַ כָּל־הַלַּ֙יְלָה֙ עַד־הַבֹּ֔קֶר וְאֵ֥שׁ הַמִּזְבֵּ֖חַ תּ֥וּקַד בּֽוֹ׃", "text": "*ṣaw* *ʾet*-*ʾAhărōn* *wə-ʾet*-*bānāyw* *lēʾmōr* *zōʾt* *tôrat* *hā-ʿōlâ* *hîʾ* *hā-ʿōlâ* *ʿal* *môqĕdâ* *ʿal*-*ha-mizbēaḥ* *kol*-*ha-laylâ* *ʿad*-*ha-bōqer* *wə-ʾēš* *ha-mizbēaḥ* *tûqad* *bô*", "grammar": { "*ṣaw*": "piel imperative, masculine singular - command", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʾAhărōn*": "proper noun - Aaron", "*wə-ʾet*": "conjunction + direct object marker - and", "*bānāyw*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his sons", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - saying", "*zōʾt*": "demonstrative pronoun, feminine singular - this", "*tôrat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - law/instruction of", "*hā-ʿōlâ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the burnt offering", "*hîʾ*": "personal pronoun, 3rd feminine singular - it/she", "*ʿal*": "preposition - upon/on", "*môqĕdâ*": "noun, feminine singular - burning place/hearth", "*ha-mizbēaḥ*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the altar", "*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all/whole", "*ha-laylâ*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the night", "*ʿad*": "preposition - until", "*ha-bōqer*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the morning", "*wə-ʾēš*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular - and fire", "*tûqad*": "hophal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - shall be kept burning", "*bô*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - in it" }, "variants": { "*ṣaw*": "command/charge/instruct", "*tôrat*": "law/instruction/regulation", "*ʿōlâ*": "burnt offering/that which goes up", "*môqĕdâ*": "burning place/hearth/fire", "*tûqad*": "shall be kept burning/kindled/maintained" } } 3 { "verseID": "Leviticus.6.3", "source": "וְלָבַ֨שׁ הַכֹּהֵ֜ן מִדּ֣וֹ בַ֗ד וּמִֽכְנְסֵי־בַד֮ יִלְבַּ֣שׁ עַל־בְּשָׂרוֹ֒ וְהֵרִ֣ים אֶת־הַדֶּ֗שֶׁן אֲשֶׁ֨ר תֹּאכַ֥ל הָאֵ֛שׁ אֶת־הָעֹלָ֖ה עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֑חַ וְשָׂמ֕וֹ אֵ֖צֶל הַמִּזְבֵּֽחַ׃", "text": "*wə-lābaš* *ha-kōhēn* *middô* *bad* *û-miknəsê*-*bad* *yilbaš* *ʿal*-*bəśārô* *wə-hērîm* *ʾet*-*ha-dešen* *ʾăšer* *tōʾkal* *hā-ʾēš* *ʾet*-*hā-ʿōlâ* *ʿal*-*ha-mizbēaḥ* *wə-śāmô* *ʾēṣel* *ha-mizbēaḥ*", "grammar": { "*wə-lābaš*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and shall put on", "*ha-kōhēn*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the priest", "*middô*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his garment", "*bad*": "noun, masculine singular - linen", "*û-miknəsê*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural construct - and breeches/undergarments", "*yilbaš*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he shall wear", "*ʿal*": "preposition - upon/on", "*bəśārô*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his flesh/body", "*wə-hērîm*": "conjunction + hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and shall take up", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ha-dešen*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the ashes", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*tōʾkal*": "qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - consumes", "*hā-ʾēš*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the fire", "*hā-ʿōlâ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the burnt offering", "*ha-mizbēaḥ*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the altar", "*wə-śāmô*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and he shall put it", "*ʾēṣel*": "preposition - beside/near", "*ha-mizbēaḥ*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the altar" }, "variants": { "*middô*": "his garment/his measure/his linen robe", "*bad*": "linen/separate part/stave", "*miknəsê*": "undergarments/breeches/trousers", "*dešen*": "ashes/fat ashes/ashes from burnt sacrifice", "*tōʾkal*": "consumes/devours/eats" } } 4 { "verseID": "Leviticus.6.4", "source": "וּפָשַׁט֙ אֶת־בְּגָדָ֔יו וְלָבַ֖שׁ בְּגָדִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֑ים וְהוֹצִ֤יא אֶת־הַדֶּ֙שֶׁן֙ אֶל־מִח֣וּץ לַֽמַּחֲנֶ֔ה אֶל־מָק֖וֹם טָהֽוֹר׃", "text": "*û-pāšaṭ* *ʾet*-*bəgādāyw* *wə-lābaš* *bəgādîm* *ʾăḥērîm* *wə-hôṣîʾ* *ʾet*-*ha-dešen* *ʾel*-*miḥûṣ* *la-maḥăneh* *ʾel*-*māqôm* *ṭāhôr*", "grammar": { "*û-pāšaṭ*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and shall take off", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*bəgādāyw*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his garments", "*wə-lābaš*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and shall put on", "*bəgādîm*": "noun, masculine plural - garments", "*ʾăḥērîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - other/different", "*wə-hôṣîʾ*": "conjunction + hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and shall bring out", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ha-dešen*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the ashes", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to/unto", "*miḥûṣ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - outside", "*la-maḥăneh*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - to the camp", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to/unto", "*māqôm*": "noun, masculine singular - place", "*ṭāhôr*": "adjective, masculine singular - clean/pure" }, "variants": { "*pāšaṭ*": "take off/strip off/remove", "*bəgādîm*": "garments/clothes/vestments", "*hôṣîʾ*": "bring out/carry out/remove", "*miḥûṣ*": "outside/without/exterior", "*maḥăneh*": "camp/encampment/army", "*ṭāhôr*": "clean/pure/ceremonially clean" } } 5 { "verseID": "Leviticus.6.5", "source": "וְהָאֵ֨שׁ עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֤חַ תּֽוּקַד־בּוֹ֙ לֹ֣א תִכְבֶּ֔ה וּבִעֵ֨ר עָלֶ֧יהָ הַכֹּהֵ֛ן עֵצִ֖ים בַּבֹּ֣קֶר בַּבֹּ֑קֶר וְעָרַ֤ךְ עָלֶ֙יהָ֙ הָֽעֹלָ֔ה וְהִקְטִ֥יר עָלֶ֖יהָ חֶלְבֵ֥י הַשְּׁלָמִֽים׃", "text": "*wə-hā-ʾēš* *ʿal*-*ha-mizbēaḥ* *tûqad*-*bô* *lōʾ* *tikhbeh* *û-biʿēr* *ʿāleyhā* *ha-kōhēn* *ʿēṣîm* *ba-bōqer* *ba-bōqer* *wə-ʿārakh* *ʿāleyhā* *hā-ʿōlâ* *wə-hiqṭîr* *ʿāleyhā* *ḥelḇê* *ha-šəlāmîm*", "grammar": { "*wə-hā-ʾēš*": "conjunction + definite article + noun, feminine singular - and the fire", "*ʿal*": "preposition - upon/on", "*ha-mizbēaḥ*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the altar", "*tûqad*": "hophal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - shall be kept burning", "*bô*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - in it", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*tikhbeh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - it shall go out", "*û-biʿēr*": "conjunction + piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and shall kindle", "*ʿāleyhā*": "preposition + 3rd feminine singular suffix - upon it", "*ha-kōhēn*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the priest", "*ʿēṣîm*": "noun, masculine plural - wood/sticks", "*ba-bōqer*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - in the morning", "*ba-bōqer*": "repeated - morning by morning", "*wə-ʿārakh*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and shall arrange", "*ʿāleyhā*": "preposition + 3rd feminine singular suffix - upon it", "*hā-ʿōlâ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the burnt offering", "*wə-hiqṭîr*": "conjunction + hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and shall burn", "*ʿāleyhā*": "preposition + 3rd feminine singular suffix - upon it", "*ḥelḇê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - fat pieces of", "*ha-šəlāmîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the peace offerings" }, "variants": { "*tûqad*": "shall be kept burning/kindled/maintained", "*tikhbeh*": "go out/be extinguished/quenched", "*biʿēr*": "kindle/burn/consume", "*ʿēṣîm*": "wood/timber/trees", "*ʿārakh*": "arrange/set in order/prepare", "*hiqṭîr*": "burn/offer up in smoke/make into smoke", "*ḥelḇê*": "fat pieces/fatty portions/best parts", "*šəlāmîm*": "peace offerings/fellowship offerings/offerings of well-being" } } 6 { "verseID": "Leviticus.6.6", "source": "אֵ֗שׁ תָּמִ֛יד תּוּקַ֥ד עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֖חַ לֹ֥א תִכְבֶֽה׃", "text": "*ʾēš* *tāmîd* *tûqad* *ʿal*-*ha-mizbēaḥ* *lōʾ* *tikhbeh*", "grammar": { "*ʾēš*": "noun, feminine singular - fire", "*tāmîd*": "adverb - continually/always/perpetually", "*tûqad*": "hophal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - shall be kept burning", "*ʿal*": "preposition - upon/on", "*ha-mizbēaḥ*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the altar", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*tikhbeh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - it shall go out" }, "variants": { "*tāmîd*": "continually/always/perpetually", "*tûqad*": "shall be kept burning/kindled/maintained", "*tikhbeh*": "go out/be extinguished/quenched" } } 7 { "verseID": "Leviticus.6.7", "source": "וְזֹ֥את תּוֹרַ֖ת הַמִּנְחָ֑ה הַקְרֵ֨ב אֹתָ֤הּ בְּנֵֽי־אַהֲרֹן֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה אֶל־פְּנֵ֖י הַמִּזְבֵּֽחַ׃", "text": "*wə-zōʾt* *tôrat* *ha-minḥâ* *haqrēḇ* *ʾōtāh* *bənê*-*ʾAhărōn* *lipnê* *YHWH* *ʾel*-*pənê* *ha-mizbēaḥ*", "grammar": { "*wə-zōʾt*": "conjunction + demonstrative pronoun, feminine singular - and this", "*tôrat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - law/instruction of", "*ha-minḥâ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the grain offering", "*haqrēḇ*": "hiphil infinitive absolute - presenting/bringing near", "*ʾōtāh*": "direct object marker + 3rd feminine singular suffix - it", "*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of", "*ʾAhărōn*": "proper noun - Aaron", "*lipnê*": "preposition + plural construct - before/in the presence of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - YHWH/LORD", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to/unto", "*pənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - face of", "*ha-mizbēaḥ*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the altar" }, "variants": { "*tôrat*": "law/instruction/regulation", "*minḥâ*": "grain offering/gift/tribute offering", "*haqrēḇ*": "presenting/bringing near/offering", "*lipnê*": "before/in the presence of/in front of", "*pənê*": "face/surface/front" } }
• 2 Sam 12:9-9 : 9 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.12.9", "source": "מַדּ֜וּעַ בָּזִ֣יתָ ׀ אֶת־דְּבַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה לַעֲשׂ֣וֹת הָרַע֮ *בעינו **בְּעֵינַי֒ אֵ֣ת אוּרִיָּ֤ה הַֽחִתִּי֙ הִכִּ֣יתָ בַחֶ֔רֶב וְאֶ֨ת־אִשְׁתּ֔וֹ לָקַ֥חְתָּ לְּךָ֖ לְאִשָּׁ֑ה וְאֹת֣וֹ הָרַ֔גְתָּ בְּחֶ֖רֶב בְּנֵ֥י עַמּֽוֹן", "text": "*maddûaʿ bāzîtā ʾet-dəbar YHWH la-ʿăśôt hā-raʿ bə-ʿênay ʾēt ʾûrîyāh ha-ḥittî hikkîtā ba-ḥereb wə-ʾet-ʾištô lāqaḥtā ləkā lə-ʾiššāh wə-ʾōtô hāragtā bə-ḥereb bənê ʿammôn*", "grammar": { "*maddûaʿ*": "interrogative adverb - why", "*bāzîtā*": "Qal perfect 2nd masculine singular - you have despised", "*ʾet-dəbar*": "direct object marker + noun, masculine singular construct - the word of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - YHWH/the LORD", "*la-ʿăśôt*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to do", "*hā-raʿ*": "definite article + adjective, masculine singular - the evil", "*bə-ʿênay*": "preposition + noun, feminine dual construct + suffix 1st common singular - in my eyes", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*ʾûrîyāh*": "proper noun - Uriah", "*ha-ḥittî*": "definite article + gentilic adjective, masculine singular - the Hittite", "*hikkîtā*": "Hiphil perfect 2nd masculine singular - you struck", "*ba-ḥereb*": "preposition + definite article + noun, feminine singular - with the sword", "*wə-ʾet-ʾištô*": "conjunction + direct object marker + noun, feminine singular construct + suffix 3rd masculine singular - and his wife", "*lāqaḥtā*": "Qal perfect 2nd masculine singular - you took", "*ləkā*": "preposition + suffix 2nd masculine singular - for yourself", "*lə-ʾiššāh*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - as a wife", "*wə-ʾōtô*": "conjunction + direct object marker + suffix 3rd masculine singular - and him", "*hāragtā*": "Qal perfect 2nd masculine singular - you killed", "*bə-ḥereb*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - by the sword of", "*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of", "*ʿammôn*": "proper noun - Ammon" }, "variants": { "*bāzîtā*": "despised/rejected/held in contempt", "*dəbar YHWH*": "word of YHWH/command of YHWH", "*bə-ʿênay*": "in my eyes/in my sight (alternative variant in text: *bə-ʿênô* - 'in his eyes')", "*hikkîtā*": "struck down/killed/caused to be killed", "*hāragtā*": "killed/murdered/slew", "*bə-ḥereb bənê ʿammôn*": "by the sword of the sons of Ammon/by the Ammonite sword" } } 10 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.12.10", "source": "וְעַתָּ֗ה לֹא־תָס֥וּר חֶ֛רֶב מִבֵּיתְךָ֖ עַד־עוֹלָ֑ם עֵ֚קֶב כִּ֣י בְזִתָ֔נִי וַתִּקַּ֗ח אֶת־אֵ֙שֶׁת֙ אוּרִיָּ֣ה הַחִתִּ֔י לִהְי֥וֹת לְךָ֖ לְאִשָּֽׁה", "text": "*wə-ʿattāh lōʾ-tāsûr ḥereb mi-bêtəkā ʿad-ʿôlām ʿēqeb kî bəzitānî wə-tiqqaḥ ʾet-ʾēšet ʾûrîyāh ha-ḥittî li-hyôt ləkā lə-ʾiššāh*", "grammar": { "*wə-ʿattāh*": "conjunction + adverb - and now", "*lōʾ-tāsûr*": "negation + Qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - not will depart", "*ḥereb*": "noun, feminine singular - sword", "*mi-bêtəkā*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct + suffix 2nd masculine singular - from your house", "*ʿad-ʿôlām*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - until forever/eternally", "*ʿēqeb*": "conjunction - because", "*kî*": "conjunction - that", "*bəzitānî*": "Qal perfect 2nd masculine singular + suffix 1st common singular - you despised me", "*wə-tiqqaḥ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 2nd masculine singular consecutive - and you took", "*ʾet-ʾēšet*": "direct object marker + noun, feminine singular construct - the wife of", "*ʾûrîyāh*": "proper noun - Uriah", "*ha-ḥittî*": "definite article + gentilic adjective, masculine singular - the Hittite", "*li-hyôt*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to be", "*ləkā*": "preposition + suffix 2nd masculine singular - for you", "*lə-ʾiššāh*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - as a wife" }, "variants": { "*lōʾ-tāsûr ḥereb*": "the sword shall not depart/violence shall not cease", "*ʿad-ʿôlām*": "forever/perpetually/for all time", "*ʿēqeb kî*": "as a consequence of/because", "*bəzitānî*": "despised me/rejected me/held me in contempt" } }
• 2 Sam 12:13-14 : 13 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.12.13", "source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר דָּוִד֙ אֶל־נָתָ֔ן חָטָ֖אתִי לַֽיהוָ֑ה ס וַיֹּ֨אמֶר נָתָ֜ן אֶל־דָּוִ֗ד גַּם־יְהוָ֛ה הֶעֱבִ֥יר חַטָּאתְךָ֖ לֹ֥א תָמֽוּת", "text": "*wə-yōʾmer dāwid ʾel-nātān ḥāṭāʾtî la-YHWH wə-yōʾmer nātān ʾel-dāwid gam-YHWH heʿĕbîr ḥaṭṭāʾtəkā lōʾ tāmût*", "grammar": { "*wə-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and said", "*dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*ʾel-nātān*": "preposition + proper noun - to Nathan", "*ḥāṭāʾtî*": "Qal perfect 1st common singular - I have sinned", "*la-YHWH*": "preposition + proper noun - against YHWH", "*wə-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and said", "*nātān*": "proper noun - Nathan", "*ʾel-dāwid*": "preposition + proper noun - to David", "*gam*": "conjunction/particle - also", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - YHWH/the LORD", "*heʿĕbîr*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd masculine singular - has taken away", "*ḥaṭṭāʾtəkā*": "noun, feminine singular construct + suffix 2nd masculine singular - your sin", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*tāmût*": "Qal imperfect 2nd masculine singular - you will die" }, "variants": { "*ḥāṭāʾtî*": "I have sinned/I am guilty", "*heʿĕbîr*": "has taken away/has removed/has transferred", "*lōʾ tāmût*": "you will not die/you shall not be put to death" } } 14 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.12.14", "source": "אֶ֗פֶס כִּֽי־נִאֵ֤ץ נִאַ֙צְתָּ֙ אֶת־אֹיְבֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה בַּדָּבָ֖ר הַזֶּ֑ה גַּ֗ם הַבֵּ֛ן הַיִּלּ֥וֹד לְךָ֖ מ֥וֹת יָמֽוּת", "text": "*ʾepes kî-niʾēṣ niʾaṣtā ʾet-ʾōyəbê YHWH ba-ddābār ha-zzeh gam ha-bēn ha-yillôd ləkā môt yāmût*", "grammar": { "*ʾepes*": "noun/conjunction - nevertheless/however", "*kî*": "conjunction - because", "*niʾēṣ niʾaṣtā*": "Piel infinitive absolute + Piel perfect 2nd masculine singular - you have utterly scorned", "*ʾet-ʾōyəbê*": "direct object marker + noun, masculine plural construct - the enemies of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - YHWH/the LORD", "*ba-ddābār*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - by this thing", "*ha-zzeh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this", "*gam*": "conjunction/particle - also", "*ha-bēn*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the son", "*ha-yillôd*": "definite article + Niphal participle masculine singular - the one born", "*ləkā*": "preposition + suffix 2nd masculine singular - to you", "*môt yāmût*": "Qal infinitive absolute + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will surely die" }, "variants": { "*ʾepes*": "nevertheless/however/notwithstanding", "*niʾēṣ niʾaṣtā*": "you have utterly scorned/despised/blasphemed", "*ʾet-ʾōyəbê YHWH*": "the enemies of YHWH (there may be a textual issue here; some read 'you have given great occasion to the enemies of YHWH to blaspheme' or 'you have utterly despised YHWH')", "*môt yāmût*": "he will surely die/he must certainly die" } }
• 2 Kgs 17:17 : 17 { "verseID": "2 Kings.17.17", "source": "וַֽ֠יַּעֲבִירוּ אֶת־בְּנֵיהֶ֤ם וְאֶת־בְּנֽוֹתֵיהֶם֙ בָּאֵ֔שׁ וַיִּקְסְמ֥וּ קְסָמִ֖ים וַיְנַחֵ֑שׁוּ וַיִּֽתְמַכְּר֗וּ לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת הָרַ֛ע בְּעֵינֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה לְהַכְעִיסֽוֹ׃", "text": "And they *ʿābar* *ʾēt*-sons their and *ʾēt*-daughters their in the *ʾēš*, and they *qāsam* *qesem*, and they *nāḥaš*; and they *mākar* to *ʿāśâ* the *raʿ* in eyes of *YHWH* to *kāʿas* him.", "grammar": { "*ʿābar*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - they caused to pass through", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*ʾēš*": "noun, feminine singular with prefix preposition - in the fire", "*qāsam*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - they practiced divination", "*qesem*": "noun, masculine plural - divinations", "*nāḥaš*": "Piel imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - they practiced sorcery/used enchantments", "*mākar*": "Hithpael imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - they sold themselves", "*ʿāśâ*": "Qal infinitive construct - to do/make", "*raʿ*": "adjective, masculine singular with definite article - the evil", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD", "*kāʿas*": "Hiphil infinitive construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to provoke/vex him" }, "variants": { "*ʿābar*": "cause to pass through/sacrifice/dedicate [to Molech]", "*ʾēš*": "fire/flame", "*qāsam*": "practice divination/soothsaying/fortune-telling", "*qesem*": "divinations/omens/oracles", "*nāḥaš*": "practice sorcery/use enchantments/observe signs", "*mākar*": "sell themselves/give themselves over/devote themselves", "*raʿ*": "evil/bad/wrong", "*kāʿas*": "provoke/vex/anger" } }
• 2 Kgs 21:6 : 6 { "verseID": "2Kings.21.6", "source": "וְהֶעֱבִ֤יר אֶת־בְּנוֹ֙ בָּאֵ֔שׁ וְעוֹנֵ֣ן וְנִחֵ֔שׁ וְעָ֥שָׂה א֖וֹב וְיִדְּעֹנִ֑ים הִרְבָּ֗ה לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת הָרַ֛ע בְּעֵינֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה לְהַכְעִֽיס׃", "text": "*we-he'ĕbîr* *'et*-*bĕnô* in-the-*'ēsh* *we-'ônēn* *we-niḥēsh* *we-'āsāh* *'ôb* *we-yiddĕ'ōnîm* *hirbāh* to-*'ăsôt* the-*ra'* in-*'êynêy* *YHWH* to-*hak'îs*", "grammar": { "*we-he'ĕbîr*": "conjunction + Hiphil perfect 3rd masculine singular - and he caused to pass through", "*'et*": "direct object marker", "*bĕnô*": "noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his son", "*'ēsh*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the fire", "*we-'ônēn*": "conjunction + Poel perfect 3rd masculine singular - and he practiced soothsaying", "*we-niḥēsh*": "conjunction + Piel perfect 3rd masculine singular - and he practiced divination", "*we-'āsāh*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - and he made/used", "*'ôb*": "masculine singular noun - medium/ghost/necromancer", "*we-yiddĕ'ōnîm*": "conjunction + masculine plural noun - and familiar spirits/wizards", "*hirbāh*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd masculine singular - he multiplied/did much", "*'ăsôt*": "Qal infinitive construct - to do", "*ra'*": "noun with definite article - the evil", "*'êynêy*": "construct state - eyes of", "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD", "*hak'îs*": "Hiphil infinitive construct - to provoke" }, "variants": { "*he'ĕbîr*": "caused to pass through/offered/sacrificed", "*'ônēn*": "practiced soothsaying/used cloud divination/practiced fortune-telling", "*niḥēsh*": "practiced divination/used enchantments/observed omens", "*'ôb*": "medium/ghost/spirit of the dead", "*yiddĕ'ōnîm*": "familiar spirits/wizards/those with special knowledge", "*hirbāh*": "multiplied/did much/increased", "*hak'îs*": "to provoke/to anger/to offend" } }
• Ps 50:4 : 4 { "verseID": "Psalms.50.4", "source": "יִקְרָ֣א אֶל־הַשָּׁמַ֣יִם מֵעָ֑ל וְאֶל־הָ֝אָ֗רֶץ לָדִ֥ין עַמּֽוֹ׃", "text": "*Yiqra* to-the-*shamayim* from-*ma'al* and-to-the-*arets* to-*din* *ammo*", "grammar": { "*Yiqra*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will call", "*shamayim*": "noun, masculine, plural - heavens", "*ma'al*": "preposition - above", "*arets*": "noun, feminine, singular - earth/land", "*din*": "verb, Qal infinitive construct - to judge", "*ammo*": "noun, masculine, singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his people" }, "variants": { "*din*": "judge/bring judgment upon/execute justice for" } }
• Ps 50:6 : 6 { "verseID": "Psalms.50.6", "source": "וַיַּגִּ֣ידוּ שָׁמַ֣יִם צִדְק֑וֹ כִּֽי־אֱלֹהִ֓ים ׀ שֹׁפֵ֖ט ה֣וּא סֶֽלָה׃", "text": "*Wayyaggidu* *shamayim* *tsidqo* for-*Elohim* *shophet* *hu* *selah*", "grammar": { "*Wayyaggidu*": "verb, Hiphil imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person masculine plural - and they declared", "*shamayim*": "noun, masculine, plural - heavens", "*tsidqo*": "noun, masculine, singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his righteousness", "*Elohim*": "noun, masculine, plural - God/gods", "*shophet*": "verb, Qal participle, masculine singular - judging/a judge", "*hu*": "pronoun, 3rd person masculine singular - he", "*selah*": "interjection - musical notation, meaning uncertain" }, "variants": { "*Wayyaggidu*": "and they declare/and they will declare", "*shophet*": "judge/one who judges", "*selah*": "pause/musical interlude/lift up" } }
• Luke 7:29 : 29 { "verseID": "Luke.7.29", "source": "Καὶ πᾶς ὁ λαὸς ἀκούσας, καὶ οἱ τελῶναι, ἐδικαίωσαν τὸν Θεόν, βαπτισθέντες τὸ βάπτισμα Ἰωάννου.", "text": "And all the *laos* *akousas*, and the *telōnai*, *edikaiōsan* the *Theon*, *baptisthentes* the *baptisma* of-*Iōannou*.", "grammar": { "*laos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - people", "*akousas*": "aorist participle, nominative, masculine, singular - having heard", "*telōnai*": "nominative, masculine, plural - tax collectors", "*edikaiōsan*": "aorist indicative, 3rd plural - declared righteous/justified", "*Theon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - God", "*baptisthentes*": "aorist passive participle, nominative, masculine, plural - having been baptized", "*baptisma*": "accusative, neuter, singular - baptism", "*Iōannou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of John" }, "variants": { "*laos*": "people/crowd/nation", "*telōnai*": "tax collectors/publicans", "*edikaiōsan*": "justified/acknowledged as right/vindicated", "*baptisthentes*": "having been baptized/immersed" } }
• Acts 17:31 : 31 { "verseID": "Acts.17.31", "source": "Διότι ἔστησεν ἡμέραν, ἐν ᾗ μέλλει κρίνειν τὴν οἰκουμένην ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ ἐν ἀνδρὶ ᾧ ὥρισεν· πίστιν παρασχὼν πᾶσιν, ἀναστήσας αὐτὸν ἐκ νεκρῶν.", "text": "Because he *estēsen* *hēmeran*, in which he *mellei* to *krinein* the *oikoumenēn* in *dikaiosynē* in *andri* whom he *hōrisen*; *pistin* having *paraschōn* to all, having *anastēsas* him from *nekrōn*.", "grammar": { "*estēsen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - he set/appointed", "*hēmeran*": "accusative singular feminine - day", "*mellei*": "present active indicative, 3rd person singular - he is about to", "*krinein*": "present active infinitive - to judge", "*oikoumenēn*": "accusative singular feminine - inhabited world", "*dikaiosynē*": "dative singular feminine - righteousness", "*andri*": "dative singular masculine - by man", "*hōrisen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - he appointed", "*pistin*": "accusative singular feminine - faith/assurance", "*paraschōn*": "aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine - having provided", "*anastēsas*": "aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine - having raised", "*nekrōn*": "genitive plural masculine - of dead ones" }, "variants": { "*estēsen*": "set/appointed/established", "*mellei*": "is about to/is going to/intends", "*krinein*": "to judge/to decide/to determine", "*oikoumenēn*": "inhabited world/earth/empire", "*dikaiosynē*": "righteousness/justice", "*hōrisen*": "appointed/determined/fixed", "*pistin*": "faith/assurance/proof", "*paraschōn*": "having provided/having given/having furnished", "*anastēsas*": "having raised/having resurrected" } }
• Rom 2:5 : 5 { "verseID": "Romans.2.5", "source": "Κατὰ δὲ τὴν σκληρότητά σου καὶ ἀμετανόητον καρδίαν θησαυρίζεις σεαυτῷ ὀργὴν ἐν ἡμέρᾳ ὀργῆς καὶ ἀποκαλύψεως δικαιοκρισίας τοῦ Θεοῦ·", "text": "But according to the *sklērotēta* of you and *ametanoēton* *kardian* you *thēsaurizeis* for *seautō* *orgēn* in day of *orgēs* and *apokalypsēōs* *dikaiokriasias* of *Theos*;", "grammar": { "*sklērotēta*": "noun, accusative, feminine, singular - hardness/stubbornness", "*ametanoēton*": "adjective, accusative, feminine, singular - unrepentant/impenitent", "*kardian*": "noun, accusative, feminine, singular - heart", "*thēsaurizeis*": "verb, present indicative, 2nd person singular - you store up/treasure up", "*seautō*": "reflexive pronoun, dative, masculine, singular - for yourself", "*orgēn*": "noun, accusative, feminine, singular - wrath/anger", "*orgēs*": "noun, genitive, feminine, singular - of wrath/anger", "*apokalypsēōs*": "noun, genitive, feminine, singular - revelation/disclosure", "*dikaiokriasias*": "noun, genitive, feminine, singular - righteous judgment", "*Theos*": "noun, genitive, masculine, singular - God" }, "variants": { "*sklērotēta*": "hardness/stubbornness/obstinacy", "*ametanoēton*": "unrepentant/impenitent/refusing to change mind", "*kardian*": "heart/mind/inner self", "*thēsaurizeis*": "store up/treasure up/accumulate", "*orgēn*": "wrath/anger/indignation", "*apokalypsēōs*": "revelation/disclosure/uncovering", "*dikaiokriasias*": "righteous judgment/just verdict" } }
• Gen 38:7 : 7 { "verseID": "Genesis.38.7", "source": "וַיְהִ֗י עֵ֚ר בְּכ֣וֹר יְהוּדָ֔ה רַ֖ע בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וַיְמִתֵ֖הוּ יְהוָֽה", "text": "And *wayehî* *ʿĒr* *bəḵôr* *Yehûdāh* *raʿ* in *bəʿênê* *YHWH*, and *wayemitēhû* *YHWH*", "grammar": { "*wayehî*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he was", "*ʿĒr*": "proper noun, masculine - Er", "*bəḵôr*": "noun, masculine singular construct - firstborn of", "*Yehûdāh*": "proper noun, masculine - Judah", "*raʿ*": "adjective, masculine singular - evil/wicked", "*bəʿênê*": "preposition + noun, feminine dual construct - in the eyes of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*wayemitēhû*": "waw-consecutive + hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and he put him to death" }, "variants": { "*wayehî*": "and he was/became", "*raʿ*": "evil/wicked/displeasing", "*bəʿênê*": "in the eyes of/in the sight of/according to the judgment of", "*wayemitēhû*": "and he put him to death/killed him/caused him to die" } }
• Jas 2:9 : 9 { "verseID": "James.2.9", "source": "Εἰ δὲ προσωποληπτεῖτε, ἁμαρτίαν ἐργάζεσθε, ἐλεγχόμενοι ὑπὸ τοῦ νόμου ὡς παραβάται.", "text": "If *de prosōpolēpteite*, *hamartian ergazesthe*, *elegchomenoi* by the *nomou* as *parabatai*.", "grammar": { "Εἰ": "conditional particle - if", "*de*": "postpositive conjunction - but/and", "*prosōpolēpteite*": "present, active, indicative, 2nd person plural - you show partiality", "*hamartian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - sin", "*ergazesthe*": "present, middle, indicative, 2nd person plural - you work/commit", "*elegchomenoi*": "present, passive, participle, nominative, masculine, plural - being convicted/exposed", "ὑπὸ": "preposition + genitive - by", "τοῦ *nomou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of the law", "ὡς": "comparative particle - as", "*parabatai*": "nominative, masculine, plural - transgressors" }, "variants": { "*prosōpolēpteite*": "show partiality/are partial/discriminate", "*hamartian*": "sin/wrongdoing", "*ergazesthe*": "work/commit/practice/do", "*elegchomenoi*": "convicted/exposed/reproved/shown to be guilty", "*nomou*": "law/legal code", "*parabatai*": "transgressors/lawbreakers/violators" } }
• Jas 2:11 : 11 { "verseID": "James.2.11", "source": "Ὁ γὰρ εἰπών, Μὴ μοιχεύσῃς, εἶπεν καί, Μὴ φονεύσῃς. Εἰ δὲ οὐ μοιχεύσεις, φονεύσεις δέ, γέγονας παραβάτης νόμου.", "text": "The one *gar eipōn*, Not *moicheusēs*, *eipen* also, Not *phoneusēs*. If *de* not *moicheuseis*, *phoneuseis de*, *gegonas parabatēs nomou*.", "grammar": { "Ὁ *eipōn*": "nominative, masculine, singular, aorist active participle - the one having said", "*gar*": "postpositive conjunction - for", "Μὴ": "negative particle - not", "*moicheusēs*": "aorist, active, subjunctive, 2nd person singular - you should commit adultery", "*eipen*": "aorist, active, indicative, 3rd person singular - said", "καί": "conjunction - also/and", "*phoneusēs*": "aorist, active, subjunctive, 2nd person singular - you should murder", "Εἰ": "conditional particle - if", "*de*": "postpositive conjunction - but/and", "οὐ": "negative particle - not", "*moicheuseis*": "future, active, indicative, 2nd person singular - you will commit adultery", "*phoneuseis*": "future, active, indicative, 2nd person singular - you will murder", "*gegonas*": "perfect, active, indicative, 2nd person singular - you have become", "*parabatēs*": "nominative, masculine, singular - transgressor", "*nomou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of law" }, "variants": { "*eipōn*": "having said/spoken", "*moicheusēs*": "commit adultery", "*eipen*": "said/spoke", "*phoneusēs*": "murder/kill", "*moicheuseis*": "will commit adultery", "*phoneuseis*": "will murder/kill", "*gegonas*": "have become/are", "*parabatēs*": "transgressor/lawbreaker/violator", "*nomou*": "of law/legal code" } }
• Rev 15:3-4 : 3 { "verseID": "Revelation.15.3", "source": "Καὶ ᾄδουσιν τὴν ᾠδὴν Μωϋσέως τοῦ δούλου τοῦ Θεοῦ, καὶ τὴν ᾠδὴν τοῦ Ἀρνίου, λέγοντες, Μεγάλα καὶ θαυμαστὰ τὰ ἔργα σου, Κύριε ὁ Θεὸς ὁ Παντοκράτωρ· δίκαιαι καὶ ἀληθιναὶ αἱ ὁδοί σου, ὁ Βασιλεὺς τῶν ἁγίων.", "text": "And *adousin* the *ōdēn* of *Mōÿsēs* the *doulos* of the *Theos*, and the *ōdēn* of the *Arniou*, *legontes*, *Megala* and *thaumasta* the *erga* of you, *Kyrie* the *Theos* the *Pantokratōr*; *dikaiai* and *alēthinai* the *hodoi* of you, the *Basileus* of the *hagiōn*.", "grammar": { "*adousin*": "present active indicative, 3rd person plural - they sing/are singing", "*ōdēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular - song/ode", "*Mōÿsēs*": "genitive, masculine, singular - Moses [proper name]", "*doulos*": "genitive, masculine, singular - servant/slave", "*Theos*": "genitive, masculine, singular - God/deity", "*Arniou*": "genitive, neuter, singular - Lamb", "*legontes*": "present active participle, nominative, masculine, plural - saying/speaking", "*Megala*": "nominative, neuter, plural - great/mighty", "*thaumasta*": "nominative, neuter, plural - wonderful/marvelous", "*erga*": "nominative, neuter, plural - works/deeds", "*Kyrie*": "vocative, masculine, singular - Lord/Master", "*Pantokratōr*": "nominative, masculine, singular - Almighty/Omnipotent", "*dikaiai*": "nominative, feminine, plural - righteous/just", "*alēthinai*": "nominative, feminine, plural - true/genuine", "*hodoi*": "nominative, feminine, plural - ways/roads/paths", "*Basileus*": "nominative, masculine, singular - King/Sovereign", "*hagiōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - holy ones/saints/set apart ones" }, "variants": { "*adousin*": "sing/chant/intone", "*ōdēn*": "song/ode/hymn", "*doulos*": "servant/slave/bondservant", "*Arniou*": "Lamb/little lamb [symbolic reference]", "*Megala*": "great/mighty/magnificent", "*thaumasta*": "marvelous/wonderful/astonishing", "*erga*": "works/deeds/actions", "*Kyrie*": "Lord/Master/Sovereign", "*Pantokratōr*": "Almighty/All-powerful/Omnipotent", "*dikaiai*": "righteous/just/fair", "*alēthinai*": "true/genuine/real", "*hodoi*": "ways/paths/roads/journeys", "*Basileus*": "King/Sovereign/Ruler", "*hagiōn*": "saints/holy ones/set apart ones/nations" } } 4 { "verseID": "Revelation.15.4", "source": "Τίς οὐ μὴ φοβηθῇ σε, Κύριε, καὶ δοξάσῃ τὸ ὄνομά σου; ὅτι μόνος ὅσιος: ὅτι πάντα τὰ ἔθνη ἥξουσιν καὶ προσκυνήσουσιν ἐνώπιόν σου· ὅτι τὰ δικαιώματά σου ἐφανερώθησαν.", "text": "Who *ou mē phobēthē* you, *Kyrie*, and *doxasē* the *onoma* of you? For *monos hosios*: for all the *ethnē hēxousin* and *proskynēsousin enōpion* of you; for the *dikaiōmata* of you *ephanerōthēsan*.", "grammar": { "*ou mē phobēthē*": "double negative + aorist passive subjunctive, 3rd person singular - will certainly not fear", "*Kyrie*": "vocative, masculine, singular - Lord/Master", "*doxasē*": "aorist active subjunctive, 3rd person singular - might glorify/honor", "*onoma*": "accusative, neuter, singular - name", "*monos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - alone/only", "*hosios*": "nominative, masculine, singular - holy/pious/devout", "*ethnē*": "nominative, neuter, plural - nations/peoples/gentiles", "*hēxousin*": "future active indicative, 3rd person plural - will come", "*proskynēsousin*": "future active indicative, 3rd person plural - will worship/prostrate", "*enōpion*": "preposition + genitive - before/in the presence of", "*dikaiōmata*": "nominative, neuter, plural - righteous deeds/righteous acts/judgments", "*ephanerōthēsan*": "aorist passive indicative, 3rd person plural - were revealed/made manifest" }, "variants": { "*ou mē phobēthē*": "will certainly not fear/will by no means fear", "*doxasē*": "glorify/honor/magnify", "*monos*": "alone/only/solely", "*hosios*": "holy/set apart/devout/pious", "*ethnē*": "nations/peoples/gentiles", "*hēxousin*": "will come/will arrive/will approach", "*proskynēsousin*": "will worship/will bow down/will prostrate themselves", "*dikaiōmata*": "righteous acts/righteous deeds/righteous requirements/judgments", "*ephanerōthēsan*": "were revealed/were made manifest/were displayed openly" } }
• Rev 16:5 : 5 { "verseID": "Revelation.16.5", "source": "Καὶ ἤκουσα τοῦ ἀγγέλου τῶν ὑδάτων λέγοντος, Δίκαιος, Κύριε, εἶ ὁ ὢν, καὶ ὁ ἦν, καὶ ὁ ἐσόμενος, ὅτι ταῦτα ἔκρινας.", "text": "And I *ēkousa* of-the *angelou* of-the *hydatōn* *legontos*, *Dikaios*, *Kyrie*, *ei* the one *ōn*, and the one *ēn*, and the one *esomenos*, because *tauta* you *ekrinas*.", "grammar": { "*ēkousa*": "aorist active indicative, 1st person singular - heard", "*angelou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - angel/messenger", "*hydatōn*": "genitive, neuter, plural - waters", "*legontos*": "present active participle, genitive, masculine, singular - saying", "*Dikaios*": "nominative, masculine, singular - righteous/just", "*Kyrie*": "vocative, masculine, singular - Lord/Master", "*ei*": "present active indicative, 2nd person singular - you are", "*ōn*": "present active participle, nominative, masculine, singular - being/existing", "*ēn*": "imperfect active indicative, 3rd person singular - was", "*esomenos*": "future middle participle, nominative, masculine, singular - who will be", "*tauta*": "accusative, neuter, plural - these things", "*ekrinas*": "aorist active indicative, 2nd person singular - judged/decided" }, "variants": { "*Dikaios*": "righteous/just/fair", "*Kyrie*": "Lord/Master/Ruler", "*ōn*": "being/existing/the one who is", "*esomenos*": "who will be/coming one/future one", "*ekrinas*": "judged/decided/determined" } }
• Rev 19:11 : 11 { "verseID": "Revelation.19.11", "source": "Καὶ εἶδον τὸν οὐρανὸν ἀνεῳγμένον, καὶ ἰδοὺ ἵππος λευκός· καὶ ὁ καθήμενος ἐπʼ αὐτὸν καλούμενος Πιστὸς καὶ Ἀληθινός, καὶ ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ κρίνει καὶ πολεμεῖ.", "text": "And I *eidon* the *ouranon* *aneōgmenon*, and *idou* *hippos* *leukos*; and the one *kathēmenos* upon him *kaloumenos* *Pistos* and *Alēthinos*, and in *dikaiosynē* he *krinei* and *polemei*.", "grammar": { "*eidon*": "aorist, indicative, active, 1st person singular - I saw", "*ouranon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - heaven", "*aneōgmenon*": "perfect participle, passive, accusative, masculine, singular - having been opened", "*idou*": "aorist imperative, middle, 2nd person singular - behold/look", "*hippos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - horse", "*leukos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - white", "*kathēmenos*": "present participle, middle, nominative, masculine, singular - sitting", "*kaloumenos*": "present participle, passive, nominative, masculine, singular - being called", "*Pistos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - Faithful", "*Alēthinos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - True", "*dikaiosynē*": "dative, feminine, singular - righteousness", "*krinei*": "present, indicative, active, 3rd person singular - judges", "*polemei*": "present, indicative, active, 3rd person singular - makes war" }, "variants": { "*eidon*": "saw/beheld/perceived", "*ouranon*": "heaven/sky", "*aneōgmenon*": "having been opened/standing open", "*idou*": "behold/look/see", "*hippos*": "horse/steed", "*leukos*": "white/bright/shining", "*kathēmenos*": "sitting/seated/mounted", "*kaloumenos*": "being called/named/designated", "*Pistos*": "Faithful/Trustworthy/Reliable", "*Alēthinos*": "True/Genuine/Real", "*dikaiosynē*": "righteousness/justice/uprightness", "*krinei*": "judges/decides/evaluates", "*polemei*": "makes war/battles/fights" } }
• Gen 9:6 : 6 { "verseID": "Genesis.9.6", "source": "שֹׁפֵךְ֙ דַּ֣ם הֽ͏ָאָדָ֔ם בּֽ͏ָאָדָ֖ם דָּמ֣וֹ יִשָּׁפֵ֑ךְ כִּ֚י בְּצֶ֣לֶם אֱלֹהִ֔ים עָשָׂ֖ה אֶת־הָאָדָֽם׃", "text": "*Šōpēk* *dam* *hāʾādām* by-*hāʾādām* *dāmô* *yiššāpēk* *kî* in-*ṣelem* *ʾĕlōhîm* *ʿāśāh* *ʾet*-*hāʾādām*.", "grammar": { "*šōpēk*": "participle, masculine, singular - one who sheds", "*dam*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct state - blood of", "*hāʾādām*": "noun, masculine, singular + definite article - the man/mankind", "*bāʾādām*": "preposition + noun, masculine, singular + definite article - by the man", "*dāmô*": "noun, masculine, singular + 3rd person masculine singular possessive suffix - his blood", "*yiššāpēk*": "imperfect, 3rd singular masculine, niphal (passive) - it will be shed", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ṣelem*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct state - image of", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine, plural form (divine plural) - God", "*ʿāśāh*": "perfect, 3rd singular masculine - he made", "*hāʾādām*": "noun, masculine, singular + definite article - the man/mankind" }, "variants": { "*šōpēk*": "one who sheds/one who pours out", "*dam*": "blood/lifeblood", "*hāʾādām*": "mankind/human/man", "*dāmô*": "his blood/his lifeblood", "*yiššāpēk*": "will be shed/will be poured out", "*ṣelem*": "image/likeness/representation", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/divine beings/judges", "*ʿāśāh*": "made/created/fashioned" } }