Psalms 32:5

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "Psalms.32.5", "source": "חַטָּאתִ֨י אוֹדִ֪יעֲךָ֡ וַעֲוֺ֘נִ֤י לֹֽא־כִסִּ֗יתִי אָמַ֗רְתִּי אוֹדֶ֤ה עֲלֵ֣י פְ֭שָׁעַי לַיהוָ֑ה וְאַתָּ֨ה נָ֘שָׂ֤אתָ עֲוֺ֖ן חַטָּאתִ֣י סֶֽלָה׃", "text": "*ḥaṭṭāʾtî* *ʾôḏîʿăḵā* *waʿăwōnî* *lōʾ*-*ḵissîtî* *ʾāmartî* *ʾôḏeh* *ʿălê* *pəšāʿay* *laYHWH* *wəʾattâ* *nāśāʾtā* *ʿăwōn* *ḥaṭṭāʾtî* *selâ*.", "grammar": { "*ḥaṭṭāʾtî*": "feminine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - my sin", "*ʾôḏîʿăḵā*": "hiphil imperfect 1st person singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - I will make known to you", "*waʿăwōnî*": "conjunction *wə-* + masculine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - and my iniquity", "*lōʾ*-*ḵissîtî*": "negative particle + piel perfect 1st person singular - I did not cover", "*ʾāmartî*": "qal perfect 1st person singular - I said", "*ʾôḏeh*": "hiphil imperfect 1st person singular - I will confess", "*ʿălê*": "preposition *ʿal* with construct form - concerning", "*pəšāʿay*": "masculine plural noun with 1st person singular suffix - my transgressions", "*laYHWH*": "preposition *lə-* + divine name - to YHWH", "*wəʾattâ*": "conjunction *wə-* + 2nd person masculine singular pronoun - and you", "*nāśāʾtā*": "qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular - you lifted/forgave", "*ʿăwōn*": "masculine singular construct - iniquity of", "*ḥaṭṭāʾtî*": "feminine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - my sin", "*selâ*": "musical notation/pause" }, "variants": { "*ʾôḏîʿăḵā*": "I will make known to you/I will acknowledge to you", "*ḵissîtî*": "I covered/I concealed/I hid", "*ʾôḏeh*": "I will confess/I will acknowledge/I will praise", "*nāśāʾtā*": "you lifted/you forgave/you carried away", "*ʿăwōn* *ḥaṭṭāʾtî*": "the iniquity of my sin/the guilt of my sin" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

חַטָּאתִ֨י אוֹדִ֪יעֲךָ֡ וַעֲוֺ֘נִ֤י לֹֽא־כִסִּ֗יתִי אָמַ֗רְתִּי אוֹדֶ֤ה עֲלֵ֣י פְ֭שָׁעַי לַיהוָ֑ה וְאַתָּ֨ה נָ֘שָׂ֤אתָ עֲוֺ֖ן חַטָּאתִ֣י סֶֽלָה׃

Transliteration

ḥaṭṭāʾtî ʾôḏîʿăḵā waʿăwōnî lōʾ-ḵissîtî ʾāmartî ʾôḏeh ʿălê pəšāʿay laYHWH wəʾattâ nāśāʾtā ʿăwōn ḥaṭṭāʾtî selâ.

Grammar Details

• *ḥaṭṭāʾtî*: feminine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - my sin
• *ʾôḏîʿăḵā*: hiphil imperfect 1st person singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - I will make known to you
• *waʿăwōnî*: conjunction *wə-* + masculine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - and my iniquity
• *lōʾ*-*ḵissîtî*: negative particle + piel perfect 1st person singular - I did not cover
• *ʾāmartî*: qal perfect 1st person singular - I said
• *ʾôḏeh*: hiphil imperfect 1st person singular - I will confess
• *ʿălê*: preposition *ʿal* with construct form - concerning
• *pəšāʿay*: masculine plural noun with 1st person singular suffix - my transgressions
• *laYHWH*: preposition *lə-* + divine name - to YHWH
• *wəʾattâ*: conjunction *wə-* + 2nd person masculine singular pronoun - and you
• *nāśāʾtā*: qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular - you lifted/forgave
• *ʿăwōn*: masculine singular construct - iniquity of
• *selâ*: musical notation/pause

Word Meanings

• *ʾôḏîʿăḵā*: I will make known to you/I will acknowledge to you
• *ḵissîtî*: I covered/I concealed/I hid
• *ʾôḏeh*: I will confess/I will acknowledge/I will praise
• *nāśāʾtā*: you lifted/you forgave/you carried away
• *ʿăwōn* *ḥaṭṭāʾtî*: the iniquity of my sin/the guilt of my sin

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  Then I acknowledged my sin to you and did not cover up my iniquity. I said, 'I will confess my transgressions to the Lord,' and you forgave the guilt of my sin. Selah.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  I acknowledged my sin unto thee, and mine iniquity have I not hid. I said, I will confess my transgressions unto the LORD; and thou forgavest the iniquity of my sin. Selah.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  I acknowledged my sin to You, and my iniquity I did not hide. I said, I will confess my transgressions to the LORD, and You forgave the iniquity of my sin. Selah.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  I acknowledged my sin unto thee, and mine iniquity have I not hid. I said, I will confess my transgressions unto the LORD; and thou forgavest the iniquity of my sin. Selah.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  I acknowledged my sin unto thee, And mine iniquity did I not hide: I said, I will confess my transgressions unto Jehovah; And thou forgavest the iniquity of my sin. {H5542}

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  I acknowledged my sin unto thee, and mine iniquity have I not hid. I said, I will confess my transgressions unto the LORD; and thou forgavest the iniquity of my sin. Selah.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  Therfore I confessed my synne vnto the, and hyd not myne vnrightuousnesse.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  Then I acknowledged my sinne vnto thee, neither hid I mine iniquitie: for I thought, I will confesse against my selfe my wickednesse vnto the Lord, and thou forgauest the punishment of my sinne. Selah.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  Therfore I haue made knowen my faultes vnto thee, and my righteousnes haue I not hid: I sayd I will confesse my wickednes vnto God, and thou forgauest the vnrighteousnes of my sinne. Selah.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  I acknowledged my sin unto thee, and mine iniquity have I not hid. I said, I will confess my transgressions unto the LORD; and thou forgavest the iniquity of my sin. Selah.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  I acknowledged my sin to you. I didn't hide my iniquity. I said, I will confess my transgressions to Yahweh, And you forgave the iniquity of my sin. Selah.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  My sin I cause Thee to know, And mine iniquity I have not covered. I have said, `I confess concerning My transgressions to Jehovah,' And Thou -- Thou hast taken away, The iniquity of my sin. Selah.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  I acknowledged my sin unto thee, And mine iniquity did I not hide: I said, I will confess my transgressions unto Jehovah; And thou forgavest the iniquity of my sin. Selah

• American Standard Version (1901)

  I acknowledged my sin unto thee, And mine iniquity did I not hide: I said, I will confess my transgressions unto Jehovah; And thou forgavest the iniquity of my sin. {{Selah

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  I made my wrongdoing clear to you, and did not keep back my sin. I said, I will put it all before the Lord; and you took away my wrongdoing and my sin. (Selah.)

• World English Bible (2000)

  I acknowledged my sin to you. I didn't hide my iniquity. I said, I will confess my transgressions to Yahweh, and you forgave the iniquity of my sin. Selah.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  Then I confessed my sin; I no longer covered up my wrongdoing. I said,“I will confess my rebellious acts to the LORD.” And then you forgave my sins.(Selah)

Referenced Verses

• 2 Sam 12:13 : 13 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.12.13", "source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר דָּוִד֙ אֶל־נָתָ֔ן חָטָ֖אתִי לַֽיהוָ֑ה ס וַיֹּ֨אמֶר נָתָ֜ן אֶל־דָּוִ֗ד גַּם־יְהוָ֛ה הֶעֱבִ֥יר חַטָּאתְךָ֖ לֹ֥א תָמֽוּת", "text": "*wə-yōʾmer dāwid ʾel-nātān ḥāṭāʾtî la-YHWH wə-yōʾmer nātān ʾel-dāwid gam-YHWH heʿĕbîr ḥaṭṭāʾtəkā lōʾ tāmût*", "grammar": { "*wə-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and said", "*dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*ʾel-nātān*": "preposition + proper noun - to Nathan", "*ḥāṭāʾtî*": "Qal perfect 1st common singular - I have sinned", "*la-YHWH*": "preposition + proper noun - against YHWH", "*wə-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and said", "*nātān*": "proper noun - Nathan", "*ʾel-dāwid*": "preposition + proper noun - to David", "*gam*": "conjunction/particle - also", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - YHWH/the LORD", "*heʿĕbîr*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd masculine singular - has taken away", "*ḥaṭṭāʾtəkā*": "noun, feminine singular construct + suffix 2nd masculine singular - your sin", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*tāmût*": "Qal imperfect 2nd masculine singular - you will die" }, "variants": { "*ḥāṭāʾtî*": "I have sinned/I am guilty", "*heʿĕbîr*": "has taken away/has removed/has transferred", "*lōʾ tāmût*": "you will not die/you shall not be put to death" } }
• Isa 65:24 : 24 { "verseID": "Isaiah.65.24", "source": "וְהָיָ֥ה טֶֽרֶם־יִקְרָ֖אוּ וַאֲנִ֣י אֶעֱנֶ֑ה ע֛וֹד הֵ֥ם מְדַבְּרִ֖ים וַאֲנִ֥י אֶשְׁמָֽע׃", "text": "and-*hayah* before-*yiqraʾu* and-*ʾani* *ʾeʿeneh* still they *medabberim* and-*ʾani* *ʾeshmaʿ*", "grammar": { "*hayah*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - it will be", "*yiqraʾu*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they will call", "*ʾani*": "1st person singular pronoun - I", "*ʾeʿeneh*": "Qal imperfect, 1st person singular - I will answer", "*medabberim*": "Piel participle, masculine plural - speaking", "*ʾani*": "1st person singular pronoun - I", "*ʾeshmaʿ*": "Qal imperfect, 1st person singular - I will hear" }, "variants": { "*hayah*": "it will be/it will come to pass/it will happen", "*yiqraʾu*": "they will call/they will cry out/they will summon", "*ʾani*": "I (emphatic)", "*ʾeʿeneh*": "I will answer/I will respond/I will reply", "*medabberim*": "speaking/talking/declaring", "*ʾani*": "I (emphatic)", "*ʾeshmaʿ*": "I will hear/I will listen/I will heed" } }
• Prov 28:13 : 13 { "verseID": "Proverbs.28.13", "source": "מְכַסֶּ֣ה פְ֭שָׁעָיו לֹ֣א יַצְלִ֑יחַ וּמוֹדֶ֖ה וְעֹזֵ֣ב יְרֻחָֽם׃", "text": "*məḵasseh* *p̄əšā'āyw* *lō'* *yaṣlîaḥ* *ûmôḏeh* *wə'ōzēḇ* *yəruḥām*", "grammar": { "*məḵasseh*": "Piel participle, masculine singular - covering/concealing", "*p̄əšā'āyw*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his transgressions", "*lō'*": "negative particle - not", "*yaṣlîaḥ*": "Hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will prosper", "*ûmôḏeh*": "conjunction + Hiphil participle, masculine singular - but one confessing", "*wə'ōzēḇ*": "conjunction + Qal participle, masculine singular - and forsaking", "*yəruḥām*": "Pual imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - will be shown mercy" }, "variants": { "*məḵasseh*": "covering/concealing/hiding", "*p̄əšā'āyw*": "his transgressions/his sins/his rebellions", "*yaṣlîaḥ*": "prospers/succeeds", "*môḏeh*": "confessing/acknowledging", "*'ōzēḇ*": "forsaking/abandoning/leaving", "*yəruḥām*": "will be shown mercy/will receive compassion" } }
• Ps 38:18 : 18 { "verseID": "Psalms.38.18", "source": "כִּֽי־אֲ֭נִי לְצֶ֣לַע נָכ֑וֹן וּמַכְאוֹבִ֖י נֶגְדִּ֣י תָמִֽיד׃", "text": "For I for *tsela'* *nāḵôn* and *maḵ'ôḇî* before me *tāmîḏ*", "grammar": { "*tsela'*": "noun - limping/falling", "*nāḵôn*": "niphal participle masculine singular - ready/prepared", "*maḵ'ôḇî*": "noun with 1st person singular suffix - my pain", "*tāmîḏ*": "adverb - continually" }, "variants": { "*tsela'*": "limping/falling/stumbling", "*nāḵôn*": "ready/prepared/established", "*maḵ'ôḇ*": "pain/sorrow/suffering", "*tāmîḏ*": "continually/always/regularly" } }
• Job 31:33 : 33 { "verseID": "Job.31.33", "source": "אִם־כִּסִּ֣יתִי כְאָדָ֣ם פְּשָׁעָ֑י לִטְמ֖וֹן בְּחֻבִּ֣י עֲוֺֽנִי׃", "text": "If-*kissîtî kəʾādām pəšāʿāy* to-*ṭəmôn* in-*ḥubbî ʿăwōnî*", "grammar": { "*kissîtî*": "verb, piel perfect, 1st person singular - I covered", "*kəʾādām*": "preposition with noun, masculine singular - like Adam/like mankind", "*pəšāʿāy*": "noun, masculine plural with 1st person singular suffix - my transgressions", "*ṭəmôn*": "verb, qal infinitive construct - to hide", "*ḥubbî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my bosom", "*ʿăwōnî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my iniquity" }, "variants": { "*kissîtî*": "I covered/I concealed/I hid", "*kəʾādām*": "like Adam/like mankind/like people", "*pəšāʿāy*": "my transgressions/my sins", "*ḥubbî*": "my bosom/my chest/my heart", "*ʿăwōnî*": "my iniquity/my guilt/my sin" } }
• Job 33:27 : 27 { "verseID": "Job.33.27", "source": "יָשֹׁ֤ר ׀ עַל־אֲנָשִׁ֗ים וַיֹּ֗אמֶר חָ֭טָאתִי וְיָשָׁ֥ר הֶעֱוֵ֗יתִי וְלֹא־שָׁ֥וָה לִֽי׃", "text": "*yāšōr* *'al*-*ʾănāšîm* *wayyō'mer* *ḥāṭā'tî* *wəyāšār* *he'ĕwêtî* *wəlō'*-*šāwâ* *lî*", "grammar": { "*yāšōr*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he sings/looks", "*'al*": "preposition - to/upon", "*ʾănāšîm*": "noun, masculine plural - men", "*wayyō'mer*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he says", "*ḥāṭā'tî*": "qal perfect, 1st person singular - I have sinned", "*wəyāšār*": "conjunction + adjective, masculine singular - and straight/right", "*he'ĕwêtî*": "hiphil perfect, 1st person singular - I have perverted", "*wəlō'*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*šāwâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - it was equal/profitable", "*lî*": "preposition with 1st person singular suffix - to me" }, "variants": { "*yāšōr*": "he sings/he looks/he observes", "*ʾănāšîm*": "men/people/mankind", "*ḥāṭā'tî*": "I have sinned/I sinned/I was wrong", "*yāšār*": "straight/right/upright", "*he'ĕwêtî*": "I have perverted/I have made crooked/I have distorted", "*šāwâ*": "it was equal/it was profitable/it was worth" } }
• Ps 86:5 : 5 { "verseID": "Psalms.86.5", "source": "כִּֽי־אַתָּ֣ה אֲ֭דֹנָי ט֣וֹב וְסַלָּ֑ח וְרַב־חֶ֝֗סֶד לְכָל־קֹרְאֶֽיךָ", "text": "*kî*-*ʾattâ* *ʾădōnāy* *ṭôb* *wᵉsallāḥ* *wᵉrab*-*ḥesed* *lᵉkol*-*qōrᵉʾêkā*", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ʾattâ*": "2nd person masculine singular pronoun - you", "*ʾădōnāy*": "noun with possessive suffix - my Lord", "*ṭôb*": "adjective masculine singular - good", "*wᵉsallāḥ*": "conjunction + adjective masculine singular - and forgiving", "*wᵉrab*-*ḥesed*": "conjunction + adjective construct + noun - and abundant of steadfast love", "*lᵉkol*-*qōrᵉʾêkā*": "preposition + noun construct + participle verb, qal + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - to all of those calling you" }, "variants": { "*ṭôb*": "good/pleasant/agreeable", "*sallāḥ*": "forgiving/pardoning/ready to forgive", "*rab*-*ḥesed*": "abundant in steadfast love/plenteous in mercy/great in lovingkindness", "*qōrᵉʾêkā*": "those who call upon you/those who cry to you/those who invoke you" } }
• Hos 6:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Hosea.6.1", "source": "לְכוּ֙ וְנָשׁ֣וּבָה אֶל־יְהוָ֔ה כִּ֛י ה֥וּא טָרָ֖ף וְיִרְפָּאֵ֑נוּ יַ֖ךְ וְיַחְבְּשֵֽׁנוּ׃", "text": "*lәkû* *wә-nāšûḇāh* to-*YHWH*, for he *ṭārāp̄* and-*yirpāʾēnû*, *yak* and-*yəḥabbәšēnû*", "grammar": { "*lәkû*": "imperative, plural - come/go", "*wә-nāšûḇāh*": "conjunction + cohortative, 1st person plural - and let us return", "*YHWH*": "proper name - LORD/Yahweh", "*ṭārāp̄*": "perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - tore/rent", "*yirpāʾēnû*": "imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular + 1st person plural suffix - he will heal us", "*yak*": "imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he strikes/smites", "*yəḥabbәšēnû*": "imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular + 1st person plural suffix - he will bind us up" }, "variants": { "*lәkû*": "come/go/proceed", "*ṭārāp̄*": "tore/rent/torn in pieces/mauled", "*yak*": "strikes/smites/wounds", "*yəḥabbәšēnû*": "binds up our wounds/bandages us" } }
• Mal 3:8 : 8 { "verseID": "Malachi.3.8", "source": "הֲיִקְבַּ֨ע אָדָ֜ם אֱלֹהִ֗ים כִּ֤י אַתֶּם֙ קֹבְעִ֣ים אֹתִ֔י וַאֲמַרְתֶּ֖ם בַּמֶּ֣ה קְבַעֲנ֑וּךָ הַֽמַּעֲשֵׂ֖ר וְהַתְּרוּמָֽה׃", "text": "*Ha-yiqbaʿ* *ʾadam* *ʾElohim* *ki* *ʾattem* *qoveʿim* *ʾoti* *wa-ʾamartem* *bammeh* *qevaʿnukha* *ha-maʿaser* *we-ha-terumah*.", "grammar": { "*Ha-yiqbaʿ*": "interrogative particle + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will/should a man rob", "*ʾadam*": "noun, masculine singular - man/human", "*ʾElohim*": "noun, masculine plural - God", "*ki*": "conjunction - for/that/because", "*ʾattem*": "2nd person masculine plural pronoun - you", "*qoveʿim*": "Qal participle, masculine plural - robbing", "*ʾoti*": "direct object marker with 1st person singular suffix - me", "*wa-ʾamartem*": "waw consecutive + Qal perfect, 2nd masculine plural - and you say", "*bammeh*": "preposition + interrogative pronoun - in what/how", "*qevaʿnukha*": "Qal perfect, 1st common plural with 2nd masculine singular suffix - have we robbed you", "*ha-maʿaser*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the tithe", "*we-ha-terumah*": "waw conjunction + definite article + noun, feminine singular - and the offering/contribution" }, "variants": { "*yiqbaʿ*": "rob/defraud/cheat", "*ʾadam*": "man/human/person/humanity", "*ʾElohim*": "God/gods/divine being", "*qoveʿim*": "robbing/defrauding/cheating", "*bammeh*": "in what way/how/by what means", "*qevaʿnukha*": "robbed you/defrauded you/cheated you", "*ha-maʿaser*": "the tithe/the tenth part", "*ha-terumah*": "the offering/the contribution/the heave offering" } }
• Luke 7:47 : 47 { "verseID": "Luke.7.47", "source": "Οὗ χάριν λέγω σοι, Ἀφέωνται αἱ ἁμαρτίαι αὐτῆς, αἱ πολλαί· ὅτι ἠγάπησεν πολύ: ᾧ δὲ ὀλίγον ἀφίεται, ὀλίγον ἀγαπᾷ.", "text": "*Hou charin legō soi*, *Apheōntai hai hamartiai autēs*, the *pollai*; *hoti ēgapēsen poly*: to whom *de oligon aphietai*, *oligon agapa*.", "grammar": { "*Hou charin*": "for this reason/therefore/because of which", "*legō*": "present, 1st singular - I say/tell", "*soi*": "dative, 2nd singular - to you", "*Apheōntai*": "perfect, passive, 3rd plural - have been forgiven", "*hai hamartiai*": "nominative, feminine, plural - the sins", "*autēs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - her/of her", "*pollai*": "nominative, feminine, plural - many", "*hoti*": "causal conjunction - because", "*ēgapēsen*": "aorist, 3rd singular - she loved", "*poly*": "adverb - much", "*de*": "contrastive particle - but", "*oligon*": "accusative, neuter, singular - little", "*aphietai*": "present, passive, 3rd singular - is forgiven", "*oligon*": "accusative, neuter, singular - little", "*agapa*": "present, 3rd singular - loves" }, "variants": { "*Hou charin*": "for this reason/on account of which/therefore", "*Apheōntai*": "have been forgiven/are released from/are pardoned", "*hamartiai*": "sins/failures/wrongs", "*ēgapēsen*": "loved/showed devotion/was grateful", "*aphietai*": "is forgiven/is released/is pardoned", "*agapa*": "loves/shows devotion/is grateful" } }
• Luke 15:17-23 : 17 { "verseID": "Luke.15.17", "source": "Εἰς ἑαυτὸν δὲ ἐλθὼν, εἶπεν, Πόσοι μίσθιοι τοῦ πατρός μου περισσεύουσιν ἄρτων, ἐγὼ δὲ λιμῷ ἀπόλλυμαι!", "text": "To himself *de* *elthōn*, *eipen*, How-many *misthioi* of-the *patros* of-me *perisseuousin* of-*artōn*, I *de* with-*limō* *apollymai*!", "grammar": { "*elthōn*": "aorist active participle, masculine singular, nominative - having come", "*de*": "postpositive particle - but/and/now", "*eipen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - he said", "*misthioi*": "noun, masculine plural, nominative - hired servants", "*patros*": "noun, masculine singular, genitive - of father", "μου": "personal pronoun, genitive, 1st person singular - of me", "*perisseuousin*": "present active indicative, 3rd person plural - they have abundance", "*artōn*": "noun, masculine plural, genitive - of bread/loaves", "*limō*": "noun, masculine singular, dative - with hunger/famine", "*apollymai*": "present middle indicative, 1st person singular - I am perishing" }, "variants": { "*elthōn*": "having come/come to/returned", "*misthioi*": "hired servants/workers", "*patros*": "father", "*perisseuousin*": "have abundance/have plenty/have more than enough", "*artōn*": "bread/loaves/food", "*limō*": "hunger/famine/starvation", "*apollymai*": "I am perishing/dying/being destroyed" } } 18 { "verseID": "Luke.15.18", "source": "Ἀναστὰς πορεύσομαι πρὸς τὸν πατέρα μου, καὶ ἐρῶ αὐτῷ, Πάτερ, ἥμαρτον εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν, καὶ ἐνώπιόν σου,", "text": "*Anastas* *poreusomai* *pros* the *patera* of-me, and *erō* to-him, *Pater*, *hēmarton* against the *ouranon*, and *enōpion* of-you,", "grammar": { "*Anastas*": "aorist active participle, masculine singular, nominative - having risen up", "*poreusomai*": "future middle indicative, 1st person singular - I will go", "*pros*": "preposition + accusative - to/toward", "*patera*": "noun, masculine singular, accusative - father", "μου": "personal pronoun, genitive, 1st person singular - of me", "*erō*": "future active indicative, 1st person singular - I will say", "αὐτῷ": "personal pronoun, dative, masculine, singular - to him", "*Pater*": "noun, masculine singular, vocative - Father", "*hēmarton*": "aorist active indicative, 1st person singular - I sinned", "*ouranon*": "noun, masculine singular, accusative - heaven/sky", "*enōpion*": "preposition + genitive - before/in the sight of", "σου": "personal pronoun, genitive, 2nd person singular - of you" }, "variants": { "*Anastas*": "having risen up/getting up/standing up", "*poreusomai*": "I will go/travel/journey", "*pros*": "to/toward/unto", "*patera*": "father", "*erō*": "I will say/tell/speak", "*hēmarton*": "I sinned/did wrong", "*ouranon*": "heaven/sky", "*enōpion*": "before/in the sight of/in the presence of" } } 19 { "verseID": "Luke.15.19", "source": "Καὶ οὐκέτι εἰμὶ ἄξιος κληθῆναι υἱός σου: ποίησόν με ὡς ἕνα τῶν μισθίων σου.", "text": "And no-longer *eimi* *axios* *klēthēnai* *huios* of-you: *poiēson* me as one of-the *misthiōn* of-you.", "grammar": { "*eimi*": "present active indicative, 1st person singular - I am", "*axios*": "adjective, masculine singular, nominative - worthy", "*klēthēnai*": "aorist passive infinitive - to be called", "*huios*": "noun, masculine singular, nominative - son", "σου": "personal pronoun, genitive, 2nd person singular - of you", "*poiēson*": "aorist active imperative, 2nd person singular - make", "με": "personal pronoun, accusative, 1st person singular - me", "*misthiōn*": "noun, masculine plural, genitive - of hired servants" }, "variants": { "*eimi*": "I am/exist", "*axios*": "worthy/deserving", "*klēthēnai*": "to be called/named", "*huios*": "son", "*poiēson*": "make/consider/treat", "*misthiōn*": "hired servants/workers" } } 20 { "verseID": "Luke.15.20", "source": "Καὶ ἀναστὰς, ἦλθεν πρὸς τὸν πατέρα αὐτοῦ. Ἔτι δὲ αὐτοῦ μακρὰν ἀπέχοντος, εἶδεν αὐτὸν ὁ πατὴρ αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἐσπλαγχνίσθη, καὶ δραμὼν, ἐπέπεσεν ἐπὶ τὸν τράχηλον αὐτοῦ, καὶ κατεφίλησεν αὐτόν.", "text": "And *anastas*, *ēlthen* *pros* the *patera* of-him. Yet *de* of-him *makran* *apechontos*, *eiden* him the *patēr* of-him, and *esplanchnisthē*, and *dramōn*, *epepesen* upon the *trachēlon* of-him, and *katephilēsen* him.", "grammar": { "*anastas*": "aorist active participle, masculine singular, nominative - having risen up", "*ēlthen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - he came/went", "*pros*": "preposition + accusative - to/toward", "*patera*": "noun, masculine singular, accusative - father", "αὐτοῦ": "personal pronoun, genitive, masculine, singular - of him", "*makran*": "adverb - far/distant", "*apechontos*": "present active participle, genitive, masculine, singular - being distant", "*eiden*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - he saw", "*patēr*": "noun, masculine singular, nominative - father", "*esplanchnisthē*": "aorist passive indicative, 3rd person singular - he was moved with compassion", "*dramōn*": "aorist active participle, masculine singular, nominative - having run", "*epepesen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - he fell upon", "*trachēlon*": "noun, masculine singular, accusative - neck", "*katephilēsen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - he kissed earnestly" }, "variants": { "*anastas*": "having risen up/getting up/standing up", "*ēlthen*": "came/went/returned", "*pros*": "to/toward/unto", "*patera*": "father", "*makran*": "far/distant/away", "*apechontos*": "being distant/being away/far off", "*eiden*": "saw/beheld/noticed", "*patēr*": "father", "*esplanchnisthē*": "was moved with compassion/felt compassion/had pity", "*dramōn*": "having run/rushing", "*epepesen*": "fell upon/embraced", "*trachēlon*": "neck", "*katephilēsen*": "kissed earnestly/kissed tenderly/embraced" } } 21 { "verseID": "Luke.15.21", "source": "Εἶπεν δὲ αὐτῷ ὁ υἱὸς, Πάτερ, ἥμαρτον εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν, καὶ ἐνώπιόν σου, καὶ οὐκέτι εἰμὶ ἄξιος κληθῆναι υἱός σου.", "text": "*Eipen* *de* to-him the *huios*, *Pater*, *hēmarton* against the *ouranon*, and *enōpion* of-you, and no-longer *eimi* *axios* *klēthēnai* *huios* of-you.", "grammar": { "*Eipen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - he said", "*de*": "postpositive particle - but/and/now", "αὐτῷ": "personal pronoun, dative, masculine, singular - to him", "*huios*": "noun, masculine singular, nominative - son", "*Pater*": "noun, masculine singular, vocative - Father", "*hēmarton*": "aorist active indicative, 1st person singular - I sinned", "*ouranon*": "noun, masculine singular, accusative - heaven/sky", "*enōpion*": "preposition + genitive - before/in the sight of", "σου": "personal pronoun, genitive, 2nd person singular - of you", "*eimi*": "present active indicative, 1st person singular - I am", "*axios*": "adjective, masculine singular, nominative - worthy", "*klēthēnai*": "aorist passive infinitive - to be called", "*huios*": "noun, masculine singular, nominative - son" }, "variants": { "*Eipen*": "said/spoke", "*huios*": "son", "*hēmarton*": "I sinned/did wrong", "*ouranon*": "heaven/sky", "*enōpion*": "before/in the sight of/in the presence of", "*eimi*": "I am/exist", "*axios*": "worthy/deserving", "*klēthēnai*": "to be called/named" } } 22 { "verseID": "Luke.15.22", "source": "Εἶπεν δὲ ὁ πατὴρ πρὸς τοὺς δούλους αὐτοῦ, Ἐξενέγκατε τὴν στολὴν τὴν πρώτην, καὶ ἐνδύσατε αὐτόν· καὶ δότε δακτύλιον εἰς τὴν χεῖρα αὐτοῦ, καὶ ὑποδήματα εἰς τοὺς πόδας:", "text": "*Eipen* *de* the *patēr* *pros* the *doulous* of-him, *Exenengate* the *stolēn* the *prōtēn*, and *endysate* him; and *dote* *daktylion* into the *cheira* of-him, and *hypodēmata* into the *podas*:", "grammar": { "*Eipen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - he said", "*de*": "postpositive particle - but/and/now", "*patēr*": "noun, masculine singular, nominative - father", "*pros*": "preposition + accusative - to/toward", "*doulous*": "noun, masculine plural, accusative - servants/slaves", "αὐτοῦ": "personal pronoun, genitive, masculine, singular - of him", "*Exenengate*": "aorist active imperative, 2nd person plural - bring out", "*stolēn*": "noun, feminine singular, accusative - robe", "*prōtēn*": "adjective, feminine singular, accusative - best/first", "*endysate*": "aorist active imperative, 2nd person plural - clothe", "*dote*": "aorist active imperative, 2nd person plural - give", "*daktylion*": "noun, masculine singular, accusative - ring", "*cheira*": "noun, feminine singular, accusative - hand", "*hypodēmata*": "noun, neuter plural, accusative - sandals", "*podas*": "noun, masculine plural, accusative - feet" }, "variants": { "*Eipen*": "said/spoke", "*patēr*": "father", "*pros*": "to/toward/unto", "*doulous*": "servants/slaves/bondservants", "*Exenengate*": "bring out/bring forth", "*stolēn*": "robe/garment", "*prōtēn*": "best/first/finest", "*endysate*": "clothe/dress/put on", "*dote*": "give/provide", "*daktylion*": "ring/signet", "*cheira*": "hand", "*hypodēmata*": "sandals/shoes", "*podas*": "feet" } } 23 { "verseID": "Luke.15.23", "source": "Καὶ ἐνέγκαντες τὸν μόσχον τὸν σιτευτὸν, θύσατε· καὶ φαγόντες, εὐφρανθῶμεν:", "text": "And *enengantos* the *moschon* the *siteuton*, *thysate*; and *phagontes*, *euphranthōmen*:", "grammar": { "*enengantos*": "aorist active participle, masculine plural, nominative - having brought", "*moschon*": "noun, masculine singular, accusative - calf", "*siteuton*": "adjective, masculine singular, accusative - fattened", "*thysate*": "aorist active imperative, 2nd person plural - kill/slaughter", "*phagontes*": "aorist active participle, masculine plural, nominative - having eaten", "*euphranthōmen*": "aorist passive subjunctive, 1st person plural - let us celebrate/rejoice" }, "variants": { "*enengantos*": "having brought/carried/fetched", "*moschon*": "calf/young bull", "*siteuton*": "fattened/fatted", "*thysate*": "kill/slaughter/sacrifice", "*phagontes*": "having eaten/consumed", "*euphranthōmen*": "let us celebrate/rejoice/be merry" } }
• Luke 16:15 : 15 { "verseID": "Luke.16.15", "source": "Καὶ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς, Ὑμεῖς ἐστε οἱ δικαιοῦντες ἑαυτοὺς ἐνώπιον τῶν ἀνθρώπων· ὁ δὲ Θεὸς γινώσκει τὰς καρδίας ὑμῶν: ὅτι τὸ ἐν ἀνθρώποις ὑψηλὸν βδέλυγμα ἐνώπιον τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐστὶν.", "text": "And *eipen* to them, You *este* the *dikaiountes heautous enōpion tōn anthrōpōn*; *ho de Theos ginōskei tas kardias* of you: *hoti* that in *anthrōpois hypsēlon bdelygma enōpion tou Theou estin*.", "grammar": { "*eipen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd singular - said/spoke", "*este*": "present active indicative, 2nd plural - you are", "*dikaiountes*": "present active participle, nominative plural masculine - justifying", "*heautous*": "accusative plural reflexive pronoun - yourselves", "*enōpion*": "preposition + genitive - before/in the sight of", "*tōn anthrōpōn*": "genitive plural masculine - of men/people", "*ho de*": "but the", "*Theos*": "nominative singular masculine - God", "*ginōskei*": "present active indicative, 3rd singular - knows", "*tas kardias*": "accusative plural feminine - the hearts", "*hoti*": "conjunction - because/that", "*anthrōpois*": "dative plural masculine - among men/people", "*hypsēlon*": "nominative singular neuter adjective - high/lofty/exalted", "*bdelygma*": "nominative singular neuter - abomination", "*tou Theou*": "genitive singular masculine - of God", "*estin*": "present active indicative, 3rd singular - is" }, "variants": { "*dikaiountes*": "justifying/declaring righteous/vindicating", "*enōpion*": "before/in the sight of/in the presence of", "*Theos*": "God/Deity", "*ginōskei*": "knows/perceives/understands", "*kardias*": "hearts/inner selves/minds", "*hypsēlon*": "high/lofty/exalted", "*bdelygma*": "abomination/detestable thing/abhorrence" } }
• Eph 4:32 : 32 { "verseID": "Ephesians.4.32", "source": "Γίνεσθε δὲ εἰς ἀλλήλους χρηστοί, εὔσπλαγχνοι, χαριζόμενοι ἑαυτοῖς, καθὼς καὶ ὁ Θεὸς ἐν Χριστῷ ἐχαρίσατο ὑμῖν.", "text": "Be *ginesthe* *de* toward one another *chrēstoi*, *eusplagchnoi*, *charizomenoi* to yourselves, *kathōs* also the *Theos* in *Christō echarisato* to you.", "grammar": { "*ginesthe*": "present middle/passive imperative, 2nd plural - become/be", "*de*": "postpositive particle - but/and", "*chrēstoi*": "nominative masculine plural - kind", "*eusplagchnoi*": "nominative masculine plural - tenderhearted", "*charizomenoi*": "present middle participle, nominative masculine plural - forgiving", "*kathōs*": "adverb - just as/even as", "*Theos*": "nominative masculine singular - God", "*Christō*": "dative masculine singular - in Christ", "*echarisato*": "aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular - forgave/showed favor" }, "variants": { "*ginesthe*": "become/be", "*chrēstoi*": "kind/good/gracious", "*eusplagchnoi*": "tenderhearted/compassionate", "*charizomenoi*": "forgiving/showing favor to", "*Theos*": "God/deity", "*echarisato*": "forgave/showed favor/graciously gave" } }
• 1 John 1:8-9 : 8 { "verseID": "1 John.1.8", "source": "Ἐὰν εἴπωμεν ὅτι ἁμαρτίαν οὐκ ἔχομεν, ἑαυτοὺς πλανῶμεν, καὶ ἡ ἀλήθεια οὐκ ἔστιν ἐν ἡμῖν.", "text": "If we *eipōmen* that *hamartian* not we *echomen*, *heautous* we *planōmen*, and the *alētheia* not *estin* in us.", "grammar": { "*eipōmen*": "aorist subjunctive, 1st plural, active - we might say/claim [potential action]", "*hamartian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - sin [direct object]", "*echomen*": "present, 1st plural, active - we have/possess [ongoing state]", "*heautous*": "accusative, masculine, plural, reflexive pronoun - ourselves", "*planōmen*": "present, 1st plural, active - we deceive/lead astray [ongoing action]", "*alētheia*": "nominative, feminine, singular - truth", "*estin*": "present, 3rd singular - is [ongoing state]" }, "variants": { "*eipōmen*": "might say/declare/claim", "*hamartian*": "sin/wrongdoing/error/failure", "*echomen*": "have/possess/hold/maintain", "*heautous*": "ourselves/our own selves", "*planōmen*": "deceive/lead astray/cause to wander/mislead", "*alētheia*": "truth/reality/genuineness", "*estin*": "is/exists/remains" } } 9 { "verseID": "1 John.1.9", "source": "Ἐὰν ὁμολογῶμεν τὰς ἁμαρτίας ἡμῶν, πιστός ἐστιν καὶ δίκαιος ἵνα ἀφῇ ἡμῖν τὰς ἁμαρτίας, καὶ καθαρίσῃ ἡμᾶς ἀπὸ πάσης ἀδικίας.", "text": "If we *homologōmen* the *hamartias* of us, *pistos* *estin* and *dikaios* *hina* he might *aphē* to us the *hamartias*, and might *katharisē* us from all *adikias*.", "grammar": { "*homologōmen*": "present subjunctive, 1st plural, active - we might confess/acknowledge [potential ongoing action]", "*hamartias*": "accusative, feminine, plural - sins [direct object]", "*pistos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - faithful/trustworthy", "*estin*": "present, 3rd singular - is [ongoing state]", "*dikaios*": "nominative, masculine, singular - righteous/just", "*hina*": "conjunction introducing purpose clause - so that/in order that", "*aphē*": "aorist subjunctive, 3rd singular, active - might forgive/release [potential action]", "*hamartias*": "accusative, feminine, plural - sins [direct object]", "*katharisē*": "aorist subjunctive, 3rd singular, active - might cleanse/purify [potential action]", "*adikias*": "genitive, feminine, singular - unrighteousness/wrongdoing" }, "variants": { "*homologōmen*": "confess/acknowledge/agree/admit", "*hamartias*": "sins/wrongdoings/errors/failures", "*pistos*": "faithful/trustworthy/reliable/believable", "*estin*": "is/exists/remains", "*dikaios*": "righteous/just/fair/right", "*hina*": "so that/in order that/with the purpose that", "*aphē*": "forgive/release/let go/remit", "*katharisē*": "cleanse/purify/make clean", "*adikias*": "unrighteousness/injustice/wrongdoing/wickedness" } } 10 { "verseID": "1 John.1.10", "source": "Ἐὰν εἴπωμεν ὅτι οὐχ ἡμαρτήκαμεν, ψεύστην ποιοῦμεν αὐτὸν, καὶ ὁ λόγος αὐτοῦ οὐκ ἔστιν ἐν ἡμῖν.", "text": "If we *eipōmen* that not we have *hēmartēkamen*, *pseustēn* we *poioumen* him, and the *logos* of him not *estin* in us.", "grammar": { "*eipōmen*": "aorist subjunctive, 1st plural, active - we might say/claim [potential action]", "*hēmartēkamen*": "perfect, 1st plural, active - have sinned [completed action with present relevance]", "*pseustēn*": "accusative, masculine, singular - liar [direct object]", "*poioumen*": "present, 1st plural, active - we make/cause to be [ongoing action]", "*logos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - word/message", "*estin*": "present, 3rd singular - is [ongoing state]" }, "variants": { "*eipōmen*": "might say/declare/claim", "*hēmartēkamen*": "have sinned/have done wrong/have failed/have missed the mark", "*pseustēn*": "liar/one who speaks falsely", "*poioumen*": "make/cause to be/render/declare", "*logos*": "word/message/saying/account/reason", "*estin*": "is/exists/remains" } }
• Prov 30:20 : 20 { "verseID": "Proverbs.30.20", "source": "כֵּ֤ן ׀ דֶּ֥רֶךְ אִשָּׁ֗ה מְנָ֫אָ֥פֶת אָ֭כְלָה וּמָ֣חֲתָה פִ֑יהָ וְ֝אָמְרָ֗ה לֹֽא־פָעַ֥לְתִּי אָֽוֶן׃ פ", "text": "*kēn* *dereḵ* *ʾiššâ* *menāʾāpet* *ʾāḵlâ* *ûmāḥătâ* *pîhā* *weʾāmerâ* *lōʾ*-*pāʿaltî* *ʾāwen*", "grammar": { "*kēn*": "adverb - so/thus", "*dereḵ*": "construct state, masculine singular - way of", "*ʾiššâ*": "feminine singular noun - woman", "*menāʾāpet*": "piel participle, feminine singular - committing adultery", "*ʾāḵlâ*": "qal perfect, third feminine singular - she eats", "*ûmāḥătâ*": "conjunction + qal perfect, third feminine singular - and wipes", "*pîhā*": "masculine singular noun + third feminine singular suffix - her mouth", "*weʾāmerâ*": "conjunction + qal perfect, third feminine singular - and says", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*pāʿaltî*": "qal perfect, first person singular - I have done", "*ʾāwen*": "masculine singular noun - wickedness/sin/iniquity" }, "variants": { "*menāʾāpet*": "committing adultery/being unfaithful/being sexually immoral", "*ʾāwen*": "wickedness/sin/iniquity/evil/injustice" } }
• Ps 86:15 : 15 { "verseID": "Psalms.86.15", "source": "וְאַתָּ֣ה אֲ֭דֹנָי אֵל־רַח֣וּם וְחַנּ֑וּן אֶ֥רֶךְ אַ֝פַּ֗יִם וְרַב־חֶ֥סֶד וֶאֱמֶֽת", "text": "*wᵉʾattâ* *ʾădōnāy* *ʾēl*-*raḥûm* *wᵉḥannûn* *ʾerek* *ʾappayim* *wᵉrab*-*ḥesed* *weʾĕmet*", "grammar": { "*wᵉʾattâ*": "conjunction + 2nd person masculine singular pronoun - but you", "*ʾădōnāy*": "noun with possessive suffix - my Lord", "*ʾēl*-*raḥûm*": "noun + adjective masculine singular - God merciful", "*wᵉḥannûn*": "conjunction + adjective masculine singular - and gracious", "*ʾerek*": "adjective construct - slow of/long of", "*ʾappayim*": "noun masculine dual - nostrils/anger", "*wᵉrab*-*ḥesed*": "conjunction + adjective construct + noun - and abundant of steadfast love", "*weʾĕmet*": "conjunction + noun - and truth/faithfulness" }, "variants": { "*ʾēl*": "God/deity/mighty one", "*raḥûm*": "merciful/compassionate", "*ḥannûn*": "gracious/showing favor", "*ʾerek* *ʾappayim*": "slow to anger/patient/longsuffering", "*rab*-*ḥesed*": "abundant in steadfast love/plenteous in mercy/great in lovingkindness", "*ʾĕmet*": "truth/faithfulness/reliability" } }
• Ps 103:3 : 3 { "verseID": "Psalms.103.3", "source": "הַסֹּלֵ֥חַ לְכָל־עֲוֺנֵ֑כִי הָ֝רֹפֵ֗א לְכָל־תַּחֲלֻאָֽיְכִי׃", "text": "*ha-sōlēaḥ* to-all-*ʿăwōnēkî* *hā-rōpēʾ* to-all-*taḥăluʾāyəkî*", "grammar": { "*ha-sōlēaḥ*": "definite article with qal participle masculine singular - the one forgiving", "*ʿăwōnēkî*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person feminine singular suffix - your iniquities", "*hā-rōpēʾ*": "definite article with qal participle masculine singular - the one healing", "*taḥăluʾāyəkî*": "feminine plural noun with 2nd person feminine singular suffix - your diseases" }, "variants": { "*sōlēaḥ*": "forgiving/pardoning", "*ʿăwōnēkî*": "your iniquities/guilt/punishment", "*rōpēʾ*": "healing/curing/physician", "*taḥăluʾāyəkî*": "your diseases/sicknesses/illnesses" } }
• Ps 103:12 : 12 { "verseID": "Psalms.103.12", "source": "כִּרְחֹ֣ק מִ֭זְרָח מִֽמַּֽעֲרָ֑ב הִֽרְחִ֥יק מִ֝מֶּ֗נּוּ אֶת־פְּשָׁעֵֽינוּ׃", "text": "As-*rəḥōq* *mizrāḥ* from-*maʿărāb* *hirḥîq* from-us *ʾet*-*pəšāʿênû*", "grammar": { "*rəḥōq*": "noun masculine singular with prefixed preposition *kə* - as the distance of", "*mizrāḥ*": "masculine singular noun - east", "*maʿărāb*": "masculine singular noun with prefixed preposition *min* - from west", "*hirḥîq*": "hiphil perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he has removed far", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*pəšāʿênû*": "masculine plural noun with 1st person plural suffix - our transgressions" }, "variants": { "*rəḥōq*": "distance/remoteness/far away", "*mizrāḥ*": "east/sunrise/place of sun's rising", "*maʿărāb*": "west/sunset/place of sun's setting", "*hirḥîq*": "removed far/distanced/separated", "*pəšāʿênû*": "our transgressions/rebellions/offenses" } }
• Jer 2:23 : 23 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.2.23", "source": "אֵ֣יךְ תֹּאמְרִ֞י לֹ֣א נִטְמֵ֗אתִי אַחֲרֵ֤י הַבְּעָלִים֙ לֹ֣א הָלַ֔כְתִּי רְאִ֤י דַרְכֵּךְ֙ בַּגַּ֔יְא דְּעִ֖י מֶ֣ה עָשִׂ֑ית בִּכְרָ֥ה קַלָּ֖ה מְשָׂרֶ֥כֶת דְּרָכֶֽיהָ׃", "text": "*ʾêk* *tōʾmərî* *lōʾ* *niṭmēʾtî* *ʾaḥărê* *habbəʿālîm* *lōʾ* *hālaktî* *rəʾî* *darkēk* *baggayʾ* *dəʿî* *meh* *ʿāśît* *bikrāh* *qallāh* *məśāreket* *dərākêhā*", "grammar": { "*ʾêk*": "interrogative - how", "*tōʾmərî*": "imperfect Qal, 2nd feminine singular - you say", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*niṭmēʾtî*": "perfect Niphal, 1st singular - I am defiled", "*ʾaḥărê*": "preposition - after", "*habbəʿālîm*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the Baals", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*hālaktî*": "perfect Qal, 1st singular - I have gone/walked", "*rəʾî*": "imperative Qal, feminine singular - see", "*darkēk*": "feminine singular noun with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your way", "*baggayʾ*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - in the valley", "*dəʿî*": "imperative Qal, feminine singular - know", "*meh*": "interrogative - what", "*ʿāśît*": "perfect Qal, 2nd feminine singular - you have done", "*bikrāh*": "feminine singular noun - young female camel", "*qallāh*": "adjective, feminine singular - swift/light", "*məśāreket*": "participle Piel, feminine singular - entangling/interlacing", "*dərākêhā*": "feminine plural noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her ways" }, "variants": { "*tōʾmərî*": "you say/claim/assert", "*niṭmēʾtî*": "I am defiled/polluted/unclean", "*bəʿālîm*": "Baals/lords/masters (pagan deities)", "*hālaktî*": "I have gone/walked/followed", "*darkēk*": "your way/path/conduct", "*gayʾ*": "valley/ravine (possibly referring to valley of Hinnom where child sacrifices occurred)", "*ʿāśît*": "you have done/made/committed", "*bikrāh*": "young female camel/young dromedary", "*qallāh*": "swift/light/nimble", "*məśāreket*": "entangling/interlacing/crisscrossing/traversing rapidly" } }
• Jer 2:35 : 35 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.2.35", "source": "וַתֹּֽאמְרִי֙ כִּ֣י נִקֵּ֔יתִי אַ֛ךְ שָׁ֥ב אַפּ֖וֹ מִמֶּ֑נִּי הִנְנִי֙ נִשְׁפָּ֣ט אוֹתָ֔ךְ עַל־אָמְרֵ֖ךְ לֹ֥א חָטָֽאתִי׃", "text": "*Wattōʾmərî* that *niqqêtî* *ʾak* *šāḇ* *ʾappô* from me *hinnənî* *nišpāṭ* *ʾôtāk* *ʿal*-*ʾāmrēk* not *ḥāṭāʾtî*.", "grammar": { "*Wattōʾmərî*": "qal imperfect consecutive, 2nd person feminine singular - and you said", "*niqqêtî*": "piel perfect, 1st person singular - I am innocent/I am cleansed", "*ʾak*": "adverb - surely/only/indeed", "*šāḇ*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - turned away/turned back", "*ʾappô*": "noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his anger/nostril", "*hinnənî*": "interjection with 1st person singular suffix - behold me/here I am", "*nišpāṭ*": "niphal participle, masculine singular - entering into judgment/contending", "*ʾôtāk*": "direct object marker with 2nd person feminine singular suffix - with you", "*ʿal*": "preposition - concerning/because of", "*ʾāmrēk*": "qal infinitive construct with 2nd person feminine singular suffix - your saying", "*ḥāṭāʾtî*": "qal perfect, 1st person singular - I have sinned" }, "variants": { "*niqqêtî*": "I am innocent/I am cleansed/I am acquitted", "*ʾak*": "surely/only/indeed/nevertheless", "*šāḇ*": "turned away/turned back/has subsided", "*ʾappô*": "his anger/his nostril/his wrath", "*nišpāṭ*": "entering into judgment/contending/bringing to trial", "*ʿal*": "concerning/because of/on account of" } }
• Jer 3:13 : 13 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.3.13", "source": "אַ֚ךְ דְּעִ֣י עֲוֺנֵ֔ךְ כִּ֛י בַּיהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהַ֖יִךְ פָּשָׁ֑עַתְּ וַתְּפַזְּרִ֨י אֶת־דְּרָכַ֜יִךְ לַזָּרִ֗ים תַּ֚חַת כָּל־עֵ֣ץ רַעֲנָ֔ן וּבְקוֹלִ֥י לֹא־שְׁמַעְתֶּ֖ם נְאֻם־יְהֹוָֽה׃", "text": "Only *dᵉʿî* *ʿăwōnēḵ* that against-*YHWH* *ʾĕlōhayiḵ* *pāšāʿat*, *wattᵉp̄azzᵉrî* *ʾet*-*dᵉrāḵayiḵ* to-the-*zārîm* under every-*ʿēṣ* *raʿănān*, and-to-*qôlî* not-*šᵉmaʿtem* *nᵉʾum*-*YHWH*.", "grammar": { "*dᵉʿî*": "Qal imperative feminine singular - 'know/acknowledge'", "*ʿăwōnēḵ*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 2nd feminine singular suffix - 'your iniquity'", "*YHWH*": "proper name - 'Yahweh/LORD'", "*ʾĕlōhayiḵ*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 2nd feminine singular suffix - 'your God'", "*pāšāʿat*": "Qal perfect 2nd feminine singular - 'you rebelled/transgressed'", "*wattᵉp̄azzᵉrî*": "conjunction + Piel imperfect 2nd feminine singular with waw consecutive - 'and you scattered'", "*dᵉrāḵayiḵ*": "noun, feminine plural construct with 2nd feminine singular suffix - 'your ways'", "*zārîm*": "Qal participle masculine plural with definite article - 'the strangers/foreigners'", "*ʿēṣ*": "noun, masculine singular - 'tree'", "*raʿănān*": "adjective, masculine singular - 'leafy/luxuriant/green'", "*qôlî*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 1st person singular suffix - 'my voice'", "*šᵉmaʿtem*": "Qal perfect 2nd masculine plural - 'you heard/listened'", "*nᵉʾum*": "construct state - 'utterance/declaration'", "*YHWH*": "proper name - 'Yahweh/LORD'" }, "variants": { "*dᵉʿî*": "know/acknowledge/recognize", "*ʿăwōnēḵ*": "your iniquity/guilt/sin", "*ʾĕlōhayiḵ*": "your God", "*pāšāʿat*": "you rebelled/transgressed/committed offense", "*wattᵉp̄azzᵉrî*": "and you scattered/distributed/dispersed", "*dᵉrāḵayiḵ*": "your ways/paths/journeys", "*zārîm*": "strangers/foreigners/aliens", "*ʿēṣ*": "tree/wood", "*raʿănān*": "leafy/luxuriant/green/verdant", "*qôlî*": "my voice/sound", "*šᵉmaʿtem*": "you heard/listened/obeyed" } }
• Jer 31:20 : 20 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.31.20", "source": "הֲבֵן֩ יַקִּ֨יר לִ֜י אֶפְרַ֗יִם אִ֚ם יֶ֣לֶד שַׁעֲשֻׁעִ֔ים כִּֽי־מִדֵּ֤י דַבְּרִי֙ בּ֔וֹ זָכֹ֥ר אֶזְכְּרֶ֖נּוּ ע֑וֹד עַל־כֵּ֗ן הָמ֤וּ מֵעַי֙ ל֔וֹ רַחֵ֥ם אֲ‍ֽרַחֲמֶ֖נּוּ נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ ס", "text": "*hăḇēn yaqqîr lî ʾep̄rayim ʾim yeleḏ šaʿăšuʿîm kî-middê dabbrî bô zāḵōr ʾezkkərennu ʿôḏ ʿal-kēn hāmû mēʿay lô raḥēm ʾăraḥămennu nəʾum-YHWH*.", "grammar": { "*hă*": "interrogative particle - is?", "*ḇēn yaqqîr lî*": "masculine singular noun + adjective + preposition + 1st person singular suffix - precious son to me", "*ʾep̄rayim*": "proper noun - Ephraim", "*ʾim*": "conjunction - or/indeed", "*yeleḏ šaʿăšuʿîm*": "masculine singular noun + masculine plural noun - child of delights", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*middê dabbrî*": "preposition + construct noun + piel infinitive construct + 1st person singular suffix - as often as my speaking", "*bô*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - in him", "*zāḵōr ʾezkkərennu*": "infinitive absolute + qal imperfect 1st person singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - remembering I will remember him (emphatic)", "*ʿôḏ*": "adverb - still/yet", "*ʿal-kēn*": "preposition + adverb - therefore", "*hāmû*": "qal perfect 3rd person common plural - they yearn/moan", "*mēʿay*": "masculine plural noun + 1st person singular suffix - my bowels/inward parts", "*lô*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - for him", "*raḥēm ʾăraḥămennu*": "infinitive absolute + piel imperfect 1st person singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - compassionating I will have compassion on him (emphatic)", "*nəʾum-YHWH*": "construct phrase - declaration of YHWH" }, "variants": { "*yaqqîr*": "precious/dear/valuable", "*šaʿăšuʿîm*": "delights/pleasures/darling", "*midê*": "as often as/whenever", "*hāmû*": "yearn/moan/are troubled/rumble", "*mēʿay*": "bowels/inward parts/heart (seat of emotions)", "*raḥēm ʾăraḥămennu*": "surely have mercy/definitely show compassion/certainly have pity" } }
• Ps 30:5 : 5 { "verseID": "Psalms.30.5", "source": "זַמְּר֣וּ לַיהוָ֣ה חֲסִידָ֑יו וְ֝הוֹד֗וּ לְזֵ֣כֶר קָדְשֽׁוֹ׃", "text": "*Zammərû* to-*YHWH* *ḥăsîdāw* *wə-hôdû* to-*zēḵer* *qodšô*", "grammar": { "*Zammərû*": "Piel imperative masculine plural - sing praises", "*YHWH*": "divine name with prefixed preposition lamed - to Yahweh/LORD", "*ḥăsîdāw*": "masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his faithful ones", "*wə-hôdû*": "Hiphil imperative masculine plural with waw conjunction - and give thanks", "*zēḵer*": "masculine singular construct with prefixed preposition lamed - to the memory/remembrance", "*qodšô*": "masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his holiness" }, "variants": { "*Zammərû*": "sing praises/make music/celebrate with song", "*ḥăsîdāw*": "his faithful ones/his godly ones/his saints/his loyal followers", "*hôdû*": "give thanks/praise/acknowledge", "*zēḵer*": "memory/remembrance/memorial", "*qodšô*": "his holiness/his holy name/his sacred character" } }
• Ps 51:3-5 : 3 { "verseID": "Psalms.51.3", "source": "חָנֵּ֣נִי אֱלֹהִ֣ים כְּחַסְדֶּ֑ךָ כְּרֹ֥ב רַ֝חֲמֶ֗יךָ מְחֵ֣ה פְשָׁעָֽי׃", "text": "*ḥānnēnî* *ʾĕlōhîm* according-to-*ḥasdəkā* according-to-abundance-of *raḥămêkā* *məḥēh* *pəšāʿāy*", "grammar": { "*ḥānnēnî*": "Qal imperative with 1st person singular suffix - be gracious to me", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun (used as singular) - God", "*ḥasdəkā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your lovingkindness", "*raḥămêkā*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your compassions", "*məḥēh*": "Qal imperative masculine singular - blot out/wipe away", "*pəšāʿāy*": "masculine plural noun with 1st person singular suffix - my transgressions" }, "variants": { "*ḥānnēnî*": "be gracious to me/have mercy on me/favor me", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/divine beings (plural form used for singular deity)", "*ḥasdəkā*": "your lovingkindness/steadfast love/covenant faithfulness", "*raḥămêkā*": "your compassions/mercies/tender feelings", "*məḥēh*": "blot out/wipe away/erase", "*pəšāʿāy*": "my transgressions/rebellions/crimes" } } 4 { "verseID": "Psalms.51.4", "source": "*הרבה **הֶ֭רֶב כַּבְּסֵ֣נִי מֵעֲוֺנִ֑י וּֽמֵחַטָּאתִ֥י טַהֲרֵֽנִי׃", "text": "*hereb* *kabbəsēnî* from-*ʿăwōnî* and-from-*ḥaṭṭāʾtî* *ṭahărēnî*", "grammar": { "*hereb*": "Hiphil imperative masculine singular - multiply/increase/do abundantly", "*kabbəsēnî*": "Piel imperative with 1st person singular suffix - wash me thoroughly", "*ʿăwōnî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix and prefixed min (from) - my iniquity", "*ḥaṭṭāʾtî*": "feminine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix and prefixed min (from) - my sin", "*ṭahărēnî*": "Piel imperative with 1st person singular suffix - cleanse me" }, "variants": { "*hereb*": "multiply/increase/do abundantly/thoroughly", "*kabbəsēnî*": "wash me thoroughly/cleanse me completely", "*ʿăwōnî*": "my iniquity/guilt/punishment", "*ḥaṭṭāʾtî*": "my sin/offense/failure", "*ṭahărēnî*": "cleanse me/purify me/make me clean" } } 5 { "verseID": "Psalms.51.5", "source": "כִּֽי־פְ֭שָׁעַי אֲנִ֣י אֵדָ֑ע וְחַטָּאתִ֖י נֶגְדִּ֣י תָמִֽיד׃", "text": "For-*pəšāʿay* *ʾănî* *ʾēdāʿ* and-*ḥaṭṭāʾtî* *negdî* *tāmîd*", "grammar": { "*pəšāʿay*": "masculine plural noun with 1st person singular suffix - my transgressions", "*ʾănî*": "1st person singular personal pronoun - I", "*ʾēdāʿ*": "Qal imperfect 1st person singular - I know", "*ḥaṭṭāʾtî*": "feminine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - my sin", "*negdî*": "preposition with 1st person singular suffix - before me/opposite me", "*tāmîd*": "adverb - continually/always" }, "variants": { "*pəšāʿay*": "my transgressions/rebellions/crimes", "*ʾēdāʿ*": "I know/recognize/acknowledge", "*ḥaṭṭāʾtî*": "my sin/offense/failure", "*negdî*": "before me/opposite me/in front of me", "*tāmîd*": "continually/always/constantly" } }
• 2 Sam 24:10 : 10 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.24.10", "source": "וַיַּ֤ךְ לֵב־דָּוִד֙ אֹת֔וֹ אַחֲרֵי־כֵ֖ן סָפַ֣ר אֶת־הָעָ֑ם ס וַיֹּ֨אמֶר דָּוִ֜ד אֶל־יְהוָ֗ה חָטָ֤אתִי מְאֹד֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשִׂ֔יתִי וְעַתָּ֣ה יְהוָ֔ה הַֽעֲבֶר־נָא֙ אֶת־עֲוֺ֣ן עַבְדְּךָ֔ כִּ֥י נִסְכַּ֖לְתִּי מְאֹֽד", "text": "And *yak* *lēḇ-dāwiḏ* *'ōtô* after *sāp̄ar* *'et-hā'ām* and *yō'mer* *dāwiḏ* to *YHWH* *ḥāṭā'tî* *mə'ōḏ* which *'āśîtî* and now *YHWH* *ha'ăḇer-nā'* *'et-'ăwōn* *'aḇdəkā* for *niskalətî* *mə'ōḏ*", "grammar": { "*yak*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - it struck", "*lēḇ-dāwiḏ*": "construct noun + proper noun - heart of David", "*'ōtô*": "direct object marker with 3rd masculine singular suffix - him", "*sāp̄ar*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he had counted", "*'et-hā'ām*": "direct object marker + definite noun - the people", "*yō'mer*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - he said", "*dāwiḏ*": "proper noun - David", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*ḥāṭā'tî*": "Qal perfect 1st singular - I have sinned", "*mə'ōḏ*": "adverb - greatly", "*'āśîtî*": "Qal perfect 1st singular - I have done", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*ha'ăḇer-nā'*": "Hiphil imperative masculine singular + particle of entreaty - please take away", "*'et-'ăwōn*": "direct object marker + noun - iniquity of", "*'aḇdəkā*": "noun + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your servant", "*niskalətî*": "Niphal perfect 1st singular - I have acted foolishly", "*mə'ōḏ*": "adverb - greatly" }, "variants": { "*yak*": "struck/smote/troubled", "*sāp̄ar*": "counted/numbered/recounted", "*ḥāṭā'tî*": "I have sinned/missed the mark/offended", "*ha'ăḇer*": "take away/remove/pass over", "*'ăwōn*": "iniquity/guilt/punishment", "*niskalətî*": "I have acted foolishly/done foolishly" } }
• Lev 26:39-40 : 39 { "verseID": "Leviticus.26.39", "source": "וְהַנִּשְׁאָרִ֣ים בָּכֶ֗ם יִמַּ֙קּוּ֙ בּֽ͏ַעֲוֺנָ֔ם בְּאַרְצֹ֖ת אֹיְבֵיכֶ֑ם וְאַ֛ף בַּעֲוֺנֹ֥ת אֲבֹתָ֖ם אִתָּ֥ם יִמָּֽקּוּ׃", "text": "*wə-hannišʾārîm* *bākem* *yimmaqû* *baʿăwōnām* *bəʾarṣōt* *ʾōyəbêkem* *wə-ʾap* *baʿăwōnōt* *ʾăbōtām* *ʾittām* *yimmāqû*", "grammar": { "*wə-hannišʾārîm*": "conjunction + definite article + Niphal participle masculine plural - and those remaining", "*bākem*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - among you", "*yimmaqû*": "Niphal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - they shall waste away/rot", "*baʿăwōnām*": "preposition + masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - in their iniquity", "*bəʾarṣōt*": "preposition + feminine plural construct - in lands of", "*ʾōyəbêkem*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your enemies", "*wə-ʾap*": "conjunction + adverb/conjunction - and also/moreover", "*baʿăwōnōt*": "preposition + masculine plural construct - in iniquities of", "*ʾăbōtām*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their fathers", "*ʾittām*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - with them", "*yimmāqû*": "Niphal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - they shall waste away/rot" }, "variants": { "*nišʾārîm*": "remaining/left over/survivors", "*yimmaqû*": "rot/waste away/decay/pine away", "*ʿăwōn*": "iniquity/guilt/punishment for iniquity", "*ʾăbōt*": "fathers/ancestors/forefathers" } } 40 { "verseID": "Leviticus.26.40", "source": "וְהִתְוַדּ֤וּ אֶת־עֲוֺנָם֙ וְאֶת־עֲוֺ֣ן אֲבֹתָ֔ם בְּמַעֲלָ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֣ר מָֽעֲלוּ־בִ֑י וְאַ֕ף אֲשֶׁר־הֽ͏ָלְכ֥וּ עִמִּ֖י בְּקֶֽרִי׃", "text": "*wə-hitwaddû* *ʾet*-*ʿăwōnām* *wə-ʾet*-*ʿăwōn* *ʾăbōtām* *bəmaʿălām* *ʾăšer* *māʿălû*-*bî* *wə-ʾap* *ʾăšer*-*hālḵû* *ʿimmî* *bəqerî*", "grammar": { "*wə-hitwaddû*": "conjunction + Hithpael perfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they shall confess", "*ʾet*-*ʿăwōnām*": "direct object marker + masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their iniquity", "*wə-ʾet*-*ʿăwōn*": "conjunction + direct object marker + masculine singular construct - and iniquity of", "*ʾăbōtām*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their fathers", "*bəmaʿălām*": "preposition + masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - in their unfaithfulness", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*māʿălû*-*bî*": "Qal perfect 3rd person plural + preposition with 1st person singular suffix - they have committed against me", "*wə-ʾap*": "conjunction + adverb/conjunction - and also", "*ʾăšer*-*hālḵû*": "relative pronoun + Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural - which they walked/went", "*ʿimmî*": "preposition with 1st person singular suffix - with me", "*bəqerî*": "preposition + masculine noun - in hostility/contrary" }, "variants": { "*hitwaddû*": "confess/acknowledge", "*ʿăwōn*": "iniquity/guilt/punishment for iniquity", "*maʿal*": "unfaithfulness/treachery/trespass", "*qerî*": "hostility/contrariness/opposition/stubbornness" } }
• Josh 7:19 : 19 { "verseID": "Joshua.7.19", "source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ אֶל־עָכָ֗ן בְּנִי֙ שִֽׂים־נָ֣א כָב֗וֹד לַֽיהוָ֛ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל וְתֶן־ל֣וֹ תוֹדָ֑ה וְהַגֶּד־נָ֥א לִי֙ מֶ֣ה עָשִׂ֔יתָ אַל־תְּכַחֵ֖ד מִמֶּֽנִּי׃", "text": "And *wayyomer* *Yehoshua* to-*'Akhan*, \"Son-my, *sim*-please *kavod* to-*YHWH* *'Elohei* *Yisrael* and-*ten*-to-him *todah*, and-*hagged*-please to-me what *'asita*; *'al*-*tekhaḥed* from-me.\"", "grammar": { "*wayyomer*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - said", "*sim*": "imperative, 2nd person masculine singular - give/place", "*kavod*": "noun, masculine singular - glory/honor", "*'Elohei*": "noun, masculine plural construct - God of", "*ten*": "imperative, 2nd person masculine singular - give", "*todah*": "noun, feminine singular - praise/thanksgiving/confession", "*hagged*": "imperative, 2nd person masculine singular, Hiphil - tell", "*'asita*": "perfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you did", "*tekhaḥed*": "imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular, Piel, jussive - hide" }, "variants": { "*sim kavod*": "give glory/honor/acknowledge", "*todah*": "praise/thanksgiving/confession", "*tekhaḥed*": "hide/conceal/cover up" } }
• 2 Sam 12:9 : 9 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.12.9", "source": "מַדּ֜וּעַ בָּזִ֣יתָ ׀ אֶת־דְּבַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה לַעֲשׂ֣וֹת הָרַע֮ *בעינו **בְּעֵינַי֒ אֵ֣ת אוּרִיָּ֤ה הַֽחִתִּי֙ הִכִּ֣יתָ בַחֶ֔רֶב וְאֶ֨ת־אִשְׁתּ֔וֹ לָקַ֥חְתָּ לְּךָ֖ לְאִשָּׁ֑ה וְאֹת֣וֹ הָרַ֔גְתָּ בְּחֶ֖רֶב בְּנֵ֥י עַמּֽוֹן", "text": "*maddûaʿ bāzîtā ʾet-dəbar YHWH la-ʿăśôt hā-raʿ bə-ʿênay ʾēt ʾûrîyāh ha-ḥittî hikkîtā ba-ḥereb wə-ʾet-ʾištô lāqaḥtā ləkā lə-ʾiššāh wə-ʾōtô hāragtā bə-ḥereb bənê ʿammôn*", "grammar": { "*maddûaʿ*": "interrogative adverb - why", "*bāzîtā*": "Qal perfect 2nd masculine singular - you have despised", "*ʾet-dəbar*": "direct object marker + noun, masculine singular construct - the word of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - YHWH/the LORD", "*la-ʿăśôt*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to do", "*hā-raʿ*": "definite article + adjective, masculine singular - the evil", "*bə-ʿênay*": "preposition + noun, feminine dual construct + suffix 1st common singular - in my eyes", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*ʾûrîyāh*": "proper noun - Uriah", "*ha-ḥittî*": "definite article + gentilic adjective, masculine singular - the Hittite", "*hikkîtā*": "Hiphil perfect 2nd masculine singular - you struck", "*ba-ḥereb*": "preposition + definite article + noun, feminine singular - with the sword", "*wə-ʾet-ʾištô*": "conjunction + direct object marker + noun, feminine singular construct + suffix 3rd masculine singular - and his wife", "*lāqaḥtā*": "Qal perfect 2nd masculine singular - you took", "*ləkā*": "preposition + suffix 2nd masculine singular - for yourself", "*lə-ʾiššāh*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - as a wife", "*wə-ʾōtô*": "conjunction + direct object marker + suffix 3rd masculine singular - and him", "*hāragtā*": "Qal perfect 2nd masculine singular - you killed", "*bə-ḥereb*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - by the sword of", "*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of", "*ʿammôn*": "proper noun - Ammon" }, "variants": { "*bāzîtā*": "despised/rejected/held in contempt", "*dəbar YHWH*": "word of YHWH/command of YHWH", "*bə-ʿênay*": "in my eyes/in my sight (alternative variant in text: *bə-ʿênô* - 'in his eyes')", "*hikkîtā*": "struck down/killed/caused to be killed", "*hāragtā*": "killed/murdered/slew", "*bə-ḥereb bənê ʿammôn*": "by the sword of the sons of Ammon/by the Ammonite sword" } }