1{
"verseID": "2Samuel.15.1",
"source": "וַֽיְהִי֙ מֵאַ֣חֲרֵי כֵ֔ן וַיַּ֤עַשׂ לוֹ֙ אַבְשָׁל֔וֹם מֶרְכָּבָ֖ה וְסֻסִ֑ים וַחֲמִשִּׁ֥ים אִ֖ישׁ רָצִ֥ים לְפָנָֽיו׃",
"text": "*wa-yəhî* from *ʾaḥărê* this, *wa-yaʿaś* for himself *ʾAbšālôm* *merkābâ* and *sûsîm*; and fifty *ʾîš* *rāṣîm* before him.",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yəhî*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it came to pass",
"*ʾaḥărê*": "preposition - after",
"*wa-yaʿaś*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he made",
"*ʾAbšālôm*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Absalom",
"*merkābâ*": "noun, feminine singular - chariot",
"*sûsîm*": "noun, masculine plural - horses",
"*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man/men",
"*rāṣîm*": "participle, masculine plural - running"
},
"variants": {
"*wa-yəhî*": "and it happened/came to pass/was",
"*merkābâ*": "chariot/vehicle/royal carriage",
"*rāṣîm*": "runners/those running/those going ahead"
}
}
2{
"verseID": "2Samuel.15.2",
"source": "וְהִשְׁכִּים֙ אַבְשָׁל֔וֹם וְעָמַ֕ד עַל־יַ֖ד דֶּ֣רֶךְ הַשָּׁ֑עַר וַיְהִ֡י כָּל־הָאִ֣ישׁ אֲשֶֽׁר־יִהְיֶה־לּוֹ־רִיב֩ לָב֨וֹא אֶל־הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ לַמִּשְׁפָּ֗ט וַיִּקְרָ֨א אַבְשָׁל֤וֹם אֵלָיו֙ וַיֹּ֗אמֶר אֵֽי־מִזֶּ֥ה עִיר֙ אַ֔תָּה וַיֹּ֕אמֶר מֵאַחַ֥ד שִׁבְטֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל עַבְדֶּֽךָ׃",
"text": "*wə-hiškîm* *ʾAbšālôm* *wə-ʿāmad* at-*yad* *derek* *ha-šāʿar*; *wa-yəhî* all-*hā-ʾîš* who-*yihyê*-to-him-*rîb* to come to-*ha-melek* for-*mišpāṭ*, *wa-yiqrāʾ* *ʾAbšālôm* to him *wa-yōʾmer*, from-which *ʿîr* are you? *wa-yōʾmer*, from one *šibṭê*-*Yiśrāʾēl* your servant.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-hiškîm*": "conjunction + Hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he rose early",
"*wə-ʿāmad*": "conjunction + Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he stood",
"*yad*": "noun, feminine singular construct - side/hand of",
"*derek*": "noun, masculine singular construct - way/road of",
"*ha-šāʿar*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the gate",
"*wa-yəhî*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it was",
"*hā-ʾîš*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the man",
"*yihyê*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - would be",
"*rîb*": "noun, masculine singular - dispute/lawsuit",
"*ha-melek*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the king",
"*mišpāṭ*": "noun, masculine singular - judgment/justice",
"*wa-yiqrāʾ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he called",
"*wa-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*ʿîr*": "noun, feminine singular - city",
"*šibṭê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - tribes of",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel"
},
"variants": {
"*hiškîm*": "rose early/started early/got up at dawn",
"*yad*": "hand/side/place beside",
"*rîb*": "dispute/lawsuit/legal case/quarrel",
"*mišpāṭ*": "judgment/justice/legal decision"
}
}
3{
"verseID": "2Samuel.15.3",
"source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֵלָיו֙ אַבְשָׁל֔וֹם רְאֵ֥ה דְבָרֶ֖ךָ טוֹבִ֣ים וּנְכֹחִ֑ים וְשֹׁמֵ֥עַ אֵין־לְךָ֖ מֵאֵ֥ת הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃",
"text": "*wa-yōʾmer* to him *ʾAbšālôm*, *rəʾēh* your *dəbārêkā* *ṭôbîm* and *nəkōḥîm*; and *šōmēaʿ* *ʾên*-to-you from *ʾēt* *ha-melek*.",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*rəʾēh*": "imperative, masculine singular - see/look",
"*dəbārêkā*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your words/matters",
"*ṭôbîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - good",
"*nəkōḥîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - right/correct/straight",
"*šōmēaʿ*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - hearer/one who listens",
"*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is not",
"*ʾēt*": "preposition - from",
"*ha-melek*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the king"
},
"variants": {
"*dəbārêkā*": "your words/matters/case/arguments",
"*ṭôbîm*": "good/right/valid",
"*nəkōḥîm*": "right/proper/straight/just",
"*šōmēaʿ*": "hearer/listener/one who gives attention"
}
}
4{
"verseID": "2Samuel.15.4",
"source": "וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אַבְשָׁל֔וֹם מִי־יְשִׂמֵ֥נִי שֹׁפֵ֖ט בָּאָ֑רֶץ וְעָלַ֗י יָב֛וֹא כָּל־אִ֛ישׁ אֲשֶֽׁר־יִהְיֶה־לּוֹ־רִ֥יב וּמִשְׁפָּ֖ט וְהִצְדַּקְתִּֽיו׃",
"text": "*wa-yōʾmer* *ʾAbšālôm*, who-*yəśîmēnî* *šōpēṭ* in-*hā-ʾāreṣ*, and to me *yābôʾ* all-*ʾîš* who-*yihyê*-to-him-*rîb* and *mišpāṭ* and *wə-hiṣdaqtîw*.",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*yəśîmēnî*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular + 1st common singular suffix - would appoint me",
"*šōpēṭ*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - judge",
"*hā-ʾāreṣ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the land",
"*yābôʾ*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - would come",
"*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man",
"*yihyê*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - would have",
"*rîb*": "noun, masculine singular - dispute",
"*mišpāṭ*": "noun, masculine singular - legal case",
"*wə-hiṣdaqtîw*": "conjunction + Hiphil perfect, 1st common singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and I would give him justice"
},
"variants": {
"*yəśîmēnî*": "would appoint me/would set me/would make me",
"*šōpēṭ*": "judge/ruler/governor",
"*hā-ʾāreṣ*": "the land/the country/the earth",
"*rîb*": "dispute/lawsuit/legal case",
"*hiṣdaqtîw*": "would give him justice/would vindicate him/would declare him right"
}
}
5{
"verseID": "2Samuel.15.5",
"source": "וְהָיָה֙ בִּקְרָב־אִ֔ישׁ לְהִשְׁתַּחֲוֺ֖ת ל֑וֹ וְשָׁלַ֧ח אֶת־יָד֛וֹ וְהֶחֱזִ֥יק ל֖וֹ וְנָ֥שַׁק לֽוֹ׃",
"text": "*wə-hāyâ* in-*qərāb*-*ʾîš* *lə-hištaḥăwōt* to him, *wə-šālaḥ* *ʾet*-*yādô* *wə-heḥĕzîq* to him and *wə-nāšaq* to him.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-hāyâ*": "conjunction + Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it happened",
"*qərāb*": "infinitive construct - coming near",
"*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man",
"*lə-hištaḥăwōt*": "preposition + Hitpael infinitive construct - to bow down",
"*wə-šālaḥ*": "conjunction + Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he sent/extended",
"*yādô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his hand",
"*wə-heḥĕzîq*": "conjunction + Hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he took hold",
"*wə-nāšaq*": "conjunction + Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he kissed"
},
"variants": {
"*qərāb*": "coming near/approaching",
"*hištaḥăwōt*": "to bow down/to prostrate oneself/to pay homage",
"*šālaḥ*": "sent/extended/stretched out",
"*heḥĕzîq*": "took hold/grasped/embraced",
"*nāšaq*": "kissed/greeted"
}
}
6{
"verseID": "2Samuel.15.6",
"source": "וַיַּ֨עַשׂ אַבְשָׁל֜וֹם כַּדָּבָ֤ר הַזֶּה֙ לְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֲשֶׁר־יָבֹ֥אוּ לַמִּשְׁפָּ֖ט אֶל־הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַיְגַנֵּב֙ אַבְשָׁל֔וֹם אֶת־לֵ֖ב אַנְשֵׁ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃",
"text": "*wa-yaʿaś* *ʾAbšālôm* as-*ha-dābār* *ha-zeh* to-all-*Yiśrāʾēl* who-*yābōʾû* for-*ha-mišpāṭ* to-*ha-melek*; *wa-yəgannēb* *ʾAbšālôm* *ʾet*-*lēb* *ʾanšê* *Yiśrāʾēl*.",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yaʿaś*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he did",
"*ha-dābār*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the thing/matter",
"*ha-zeh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*yābōʾû*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - would come",
"*ha-mišpāṭ*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the judgment",
"*ha-melek*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the king",
"*wa-yəgannēb*": "conjunction + Piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he stole",
"*lēb*": "noun, masculine singular construct - heart of",
"*ʾanšê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - men of"
},
"variants": {
"*dābār*": "thing/matter/word/action",
"*yābōʾû*": "would come/came/were coming",
"*mišpāṭ*": "judgment/justice/legal case",
"*yəgannēb*": "stole/won over/captured/deceived",
"*lēb*": "heart/mind/affection/loyalty"
}
}