2 Samuel 19:35

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "2 Samuel.19.35", "source": "וַיֹּ֥אמֶר בַּרְזִלַּ֖י אֶל־הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ כַּמָּ֗ה יְמֵי֙ שְׁנֵ֣י חַיַּ֔י כִּי־אֶעֱלֶ֥ה אֶת־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ יְרוּשָׁלָֽ͏ִם׃", "text": "*wa-yōʾmer* *barzillay* *ʾel*-the *melekh* how many-*kammāh* *yəmê* *šənê* *ḥayyay* that-*kî*-*ʾeʿĕleh* *ʾet*-the *melekh* *yərûšālāim*", "grammar": { "*wa-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he said", "*barzillay*": "proper noun - Barzillai", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to/unto", "*melekh*": "noun masculine singular absolute with article - the king", "*kammāh*": "interrogative + preposition - how many", "*yəmê*": "noun masculine plural construct - days of", "*šənê*": "noun feminine plural construct - years of", "*ḥayyay*": "noun masculine plural construct with 1st person singular suffix - my life", "*kî*": "conjunction - that", "*ʾeʿĕleh*": "qal imperfect 1st person singular - I should go up", "*ʾet*": "preposition with", "*melekh*": "noun masculine singular absolute with article - the king", "*yərûšālāim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem" }, "variants": { "*kammāh*": "how many/how long", "*yəmê šənê ḥayyay*": "days of the years of my life/lifespan/remaining lifetime", "*ʾeʿĕleh*": "I should go up/I would go up" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וַיֹּ֥אמֶר בַּרְזִלַּ֖י אֶל־הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ כַּמָּ֗ה יְמֵי֙ שְׁנֵ֣י חַיַּ֔י כִּי־אֶעֱלֶ֥ה אֶת־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ יְרוּשָׁלָֽ͏ִם׃

Transliteration

wa-yōʾmer barzillay ʾel-the melekh how many-kammāh yəmê šənê ḥayyay that-kî-ʾeʿĕleh ʾet-the melekh yərûšālāim

Grammar Details

• *wa-yōʾmer*: conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he said
• *barzillay*: proper noun - Barzillai
• *ʾel*: preposition - to/unto
• *melekh*: noun masculine singular absolute with article - the king
• *kammāh*: interrogative + preposition - how many
• *yəmê*: noun masculine plural construct - days of
• *šənê*: noun feminine plural construct - years of
• *ḥayyay*: noun masculine plural construct with 1st person singular suffix - my life
• *kî*: conjunction - that
• *ʾeʿĕleh*: qal imperfect 1st person singular - I should go up
• *ʾet*: preposition with
• *yərûšālāim*: proper noun - Jerusalem

Word Meanings

• *kammāh*: how many/how long
• *yəmê šənê ḥayyay*: days of the years of my life/lifespan/remaining lifetime
• *ʾeʿĕleh*: I should go up/I would go up

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  But Barzillai said to the king, "How many more years do I have to live, that I should go up with the king to Jerusalem?

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  I am this day fourscore years old: and can I discern between good and evil? can thy servant taste what I eat or what I drink? can I hear any more the voice of singing men and singing women? wherefore then should thy servant be yet a burden unto my lord the king?

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  I am this day eighty years old; and can I distinguish between good and evil? Can your servant taste what I eat or what I drink? Can I hear anymore the voice of singing men and singing women? Why then should your servant be yet a burden to my lord the king?

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  I am this day fourscore years old: and can I discern between good and evil? can thy servant taste what I eat or what I drink? can I hear any more the voice of singing men and singing women? wherefore then should thy servant be yet a burden unto my lord the king?

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  I am this day{H3117} fourscore{H8084} years{H8141} old:{H1121} can I discern{H3045} between good{H2896} and bad?{H7451} can thy servant{H5650} taste{H2938} what{H834} I eat{H398} or what{H834} I drink?{H8354} can I hear{H8085} any more the voice{H6963} of singing men{H7891} and singing women?{H7891} wherefore then should thy servant{H5650} be yet a burden{H4853} unto my lord{H113} the king?{H4428}

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  I am this day{H3117} fourscore{H8084} years{H8141} old{H1121}: and can I discern{H3045}{(H8799)} between good{H2896} and evil{H7451}? can thy servant{H5650} taste{H2938}{(H8799)} what{H834} I eat{H398}{(H8799)} or what{H834} I drink{H8354}{(H8799)}? can I hear{H8085}{(H8799)} any more the voice{H6963} of singing men{H7891}{(H8802)} and singing women{H7891}{(H8802)}? wherefore then should thy servant{H5650} be yet a burden{H4853} unto my lord{H113} the king{H4428}?

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  This daye am I foure score yeare olde. How shulde I knowe what is good or euell, or taist what I eate or drynke, or heare what the Musicians do synge? Why shulde thy seruaunt be chargeable first vnto my lorde the kynge?

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  I am this day fourescore yeere olde: and can I discerne betweene good or euill? Hath thy seruant any taste in that I eat or in that I drinke? Can I heare any more the voyce of singing men and women? Wherefore then should thy seruant be anymore a burthen vnto my lord the king?

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  I am this day foure score yeres olde: & can I deserue betweene good or euyll? Hath thy seruaunt any taste in that he eateth or drinketh? Can he heare any more the voyce of syngyng men and women? wherfore the should thy seruaunt be yet a burthen vnto my lord the king?

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  I [am] this day fourscore years old: [and] can I discern between good and evil? can thy servant taste what I eat or what I drink? can I hear any more the voice of singing men and singing women? wherefore then should thy servant be yet a burden unto my lord the king?

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  I am this day eighty years old: can I discern between good and bad? can your servant taste what I eat or what I drink? can I hear any more the voice of singing men and singing women? why then should your servant be yet a burden to my lord the king?

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  A son of eighty years I `am' to-day; do I know between good and evil? doth thy servant taste that which I am eating, and that which I drink? do I hearken any more to the voice of singers and songstresses? and why is thy servant any more for a burden unto my lord the king?

• American Standard Version (1901)

  I am this day fourscore years old: can I discern between good and bad? can thy servant taste what I eat or what I drink? can I hear any more the voice of singing men and singing women? wherefore then should thy servant be yet a burden unto my lord the king?

• American Standard Version (1901)

  I am this day fourscore years old: can I discern between good and bad? can thy servant taste what I eat or what I drink? can I hear any more the voice of singing men and singing women? wherefore then should thy servant be yet a burden unto my lord the king?

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  I am now eighty years old: good and bad are the same to me; have meat and drink any taste for me now? am I able to take pleasure in the voices of men or women in song? why then am I to be a trouble to my lord the king?

• World English Bible (2000)

  I am this day eighty years old. Can I discern between good and bad? Can your servant taste what I eat or what I drink? Can I hear any more the voice of singing men and singing women? Why then should your servant be yet a burden to my lord the king?

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  I am presently eighty years old. Am I able to discern good and bad? Can I taste what I eat and drink? Am I still able to hear the voices of male and female singers? Why should I continue to be a burden to my lord the king?

Referenced Verses

• 2 Sam 15:33 : 33 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.15.33", "source": "וַיֹּ֥אמֶר ל֖וֹ דָּוִ֑ד אִ֚ם עָבַ֣רְתָּ אִתִּ֔י וְהָיִ֥תָ עָלַ֖י לְמַשָּֽׂא׃", "text": "*wa-yōʾmer* to-him *Dāwid* if *ʿābartā* with-me *wə-hāyîtā* upon-me *lə-maśśāʾ*", "grammar": { "*wa-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*ʿābartā*": "qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you cross over/pass", "*wə-hāyîtā*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - then you will be", "*lə-maśśāʾ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - to/as a burden" }, "variants": { "*ʿābartā*": "you cross over/you pass/you go further", "*lə-maśśāʾ*": "as a burden/for a hindrance/as an encumbrance" } }
• Ezra 2:65 : 65 { "verseID": "Ezra.2.65", "source": "מִ֠לְּבַד עַבְדֵיהֶ֤ם וְאַמְהֹֽתֵיהֶם֙ אֵ֔לֶּה שִׁבְעַ֣ת אֲלָפִ֔ים שְׁלֹ֥שׁ מֵא֖וֹת שְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים וְשִׁבְעָ֑ה וְלָהֶ֛ם מְשֹׁרְרִ֥ים וּֽמְשֹׁרְר֖וֹת מָאתָֽיִם׃", "text": "from-*ləḇaḏ* *'aḇḏêhem* and-*'amhōṯêhem* *'êlleh* *šiḇ'aṯ* *'ălāp̄îm* *šəlōš* *mê'ôṯ* *šəlōšîm* and-*šiḇ'āh* and-to-them *məšōrərîm* and-*məšōrərôṯ* *mā'ṯāyim*", "grammar": { "*ləḇaḏ*": "preposition + noun - besides/apart from", "*'aḇḏêhem*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their male servants", "*'amhōṯêhem*": "feminine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their female servants", "*'êlleh*": "demonstrative pronoun - these", "*šiḇ'aṯ*": "construct form of *šiḇ'āh* - seven of", "*'ălāp̄îm*": "masculine plural - thousands", "*šəlōš*": "cardinal number, feminine form - three", "*mê'ôṯ*": "feminine plural of *mê'āh* - hundreds", "*šəlōšîm*": "cardinal number - thirty", "*šiḇ'āh*": "cardinal number - seven", "*məšōrərîm*": "Polel participle, masculine plural - male singers", "*məšōrərôṯ*": "Polel participle, feminine plural - female singers", "*mā'ṯāyim*": "cardinal number, dual form - two hundred" }, "variants": { "*ləḇaḏ*": "besides/apart from/in addition to", "*məšōrərîm*": "singers/musicians/chanters" } }
• Ps 90:10 : 10 { "verseID": "Psalms.90.10", "source": "יְמֵֽי־שְׁנוֹתֵ֨ינוּ בָהֶ֥ם שִׁבְעִ֪ים שָׁנָ֡ה וְאִ֤ם בִּגְבוּרֹ֨ת ׀ שְׁמ֘וֹנִ֤ים שָׁנָ֗ה וְ֭רָהְבָּם עָמָ֣ל וָאָ֑וֶן כִּי־גָ֥ז חִ֝֗ישׁ וַנָּעֻֽפָה׃", "text": "The *yĕmê*-*šĕnôṯênû* in them *šiḇʿîm* *šānâ*, and if by *giḇûrōṯ* *šĕmônîm* *šānâ*, yet their *rohbām* is *ʿāmāl* and *ʾāwen*; for it *gāz* *ḥîš* and we *nāʿup̄â*.", "grammar": { "*yĕmê-šĕnôṯênû*": "masculine plural construct + feminine plural + 1st plural suffix - days of our years", "*bāhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - in them", "*šiḇʿîm*": "cardinal number - seventy", "*šānâ*": "feminine singular - year", "*wĕʾim*": "conjunction + conditional particle - and if", "*biḡḇûrōṯ*": "preposition + feminine plural - by strength/might", "*šĕmônîm*": "cardinal number - eighty", "*wĕrohbām*": "conjunction + masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and their pride/strength", "*ʿāmāl*": "masculine singular - trouble/labor", "*wāʾāwen*": "conjunction + masculine singular - and iniquity/sorrow", "*kî-gāz*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - for it is cut off", "*ḥîš*": "adverb - quickly/speedily", "*wannāʿup̄â*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 1st plural - and we fly away" }, "variants": { "*yĕmê-šĕnôṯênû*": "days of our years/span of our life", "*giḇûrōṯ*": "strength/might/power", "*rohbām*": "their pride/their strength/their boast", "*ʿāmāl*": "trouble/labor/toil/misery", "*ʾāwen*": "iniquity/sorrow/wickedness/trouble", "*gāz*": "is cut off/passes quickly/is over", "*ḥîš*": "quickly/speedily/soon", "*nāʿup̄â*": "we fly away/we depart/we vanish" } }
• Eccl 2:8 : 8 { "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.2.8", "source": "כָּנַ֤סְתִּי לִי֙ גַּם־כֶּ֣סֶף וְזָהָ֔ב וּסְגֻלַּ֥ת מְלָכִ֖ים וְהַמְּדִינ֑וֹת עָשִׂ֨יתִי לִ֜י שָׁרִ֣ים וְשָׁר֗וֹת וְתַעֲנוּגֹ֛ת בְּנֵ֥י הָאָדָ֖ם שִׁדָּ֥ה וְשִׁדּֽוֹת׃", "text": "*kānastî* for me also *keseph* and *zāhāb* and *sĕgullat* *mĕlākîm* and *hammĕdînôt*; *ʿāśîtî* for me *shārîm* and *shārôt* and *taʿănûgōt* *bĕnê hāʾādām* *shiddāh wĕshiddôt*.", "grammar": { "*kānastî*": "perfect, 1st singular - I gathered/collected", "*keseph*": "masculine singular noun - silver", "*zāhāb*": "masculine singular noun - gold", "*sĕgullat*": "feminine singular construct - treasure of", "*mĕlākîm*": "masculine plural noun - kings", "*hammĕdînôt*": "definite article + feminine plural noun - the provinces", "*ʿāśîtî*": "perfect, 1st singular - I acquired/made", "*shārîm*": "masculine plural noun - singers/musicians", "*shārôt*": "feminine plural noun - female singers/musicians", "*taʿănûgōt*": "feminine plural noun - delights/luxuries", "*bĕnê hāʾādām*": "construct + definite article + noun - sons of man/mankind", "*shiddāh wĕshiddôt*": "feminine singular + waw + feminine plural - concubine(s)/musical instrument(s)" }, "variants": { "*kānastî*": "I gathered/collected/amassed", "*keseph wĕzāhāb*": "silver and gold/money and precious metal", "*sĕgullat*": "treasure/property/valued possession", "*hammĕdînôt*": "the provinces/territories/districts", "*shārîm wĕshārôt*": "male and female singers/musicians/entertainers", "*taʿănûgōt*": "delights/pleasures/luxuries", "*shiddāh wĕshiddôt*": "uncertain term - possibly 'concubine(s)/musical instrument(s)/chest(s)/goblet(s)'" } }
• Eccl 12:1-5 : 1 { "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.12.1", "source": "וּזְכֹר֙ אֶת־בּ֣וֹרְאֶ֔יךָ בִּימֵ֖י בְּחוּרֹתֶ֑יךָ עַ֣ד אֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹא־יָבֹ֙אוּ֙ יְמֵ֣י הָֽרָעָ֔ה וְהִגִּ֣יעוּ שָׁנִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר תֹּאמַ֔ר אֵֽין־לִ֥י בָהֶ֖ם חֵֽפֶץ׃", "text": "Wə-*zəḵōr* *ʾet*-*bôrəʾêḵā* bi-*yəmê* *bəḥûrōtêḵā* *ʿad* *ʾăšer* lō-*yāḇōʾû* *yəmê* ha-*rāʿāh* wə-*higgîʿû* *šānîm* *ʾăšer* *tōʾmar* *ʾên*-*lî* *bāhem* *ḥēpeṣ*", "grammar": { "*zəḵōr*": "imperative, masculine singular - remember", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*bôrəʾêḵā*": "qal participle, masculine plural with 2nd person masculine singular possessive suffix - your creators/creator", "*yəmê*": "construct plural of *yôm* - days of", "*bəḥûrōtêḵā*": "noun, feminine plural with 2nd person masculine singular possessive suffix - your youth", "*ʿad*": "preposition - until/before", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - which/when", "*yāḇōʾû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person plural - they will come", "*yəmê*": "construct plural of *yôm* - days of", "*rāʿāh*": "noun, feminine singular - evil/trouble", "*higgîʿû*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd person plural - they have arrived", "*šānîm*": "noun, feminine plural - years", "*tōʾmar*": "qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you will say", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is not", "*lî*": "preposition with 1st person singular suffix - to me", "*bāhem*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - in them", "*ḥēpeṣ*": "noun, masculine singular - pleasure/delight/desire" }, "variants": { "*bôrəʾêḵā*": "your Creator(s)/Maker(s) - plural form could be intensive singular (God) or literal plural", "*bəḥûrōtêḵā*": "your youth/young manhood/prime of life", "*rāʿāh*": "evil/misery/distress/calamity/trouble" } } 2 { "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.12.2", "source": "עַ֠ד אֲשֶׁ֨ר לֹֽא־תֶחְשַׁ֤ךְ הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙ וְהָא֔וֹר וְהַיָּרֵ֖חַ וְהַכּוֹכָבִ֑ים וְשָׁ֥בוּ הֶעָבִ֖ים אַחַ֥ר הַגָּֽשֶׁם׃", "text": "*ʿad* *ʾăšer* lō-*teḥšaḵ* ha-*šemeš* wə-hā-*ʾôr* wə-ha-*yārēaḥ* wə-ha-*kôḵāḇîm* wə-*šāḇû* he-*ʿāḇîm* *ʾaḥar* ha-*gāšem*", "grammar": { "*ʿad*": "preposition - until/before", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - which/when", "*teḥšaḵ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - will be darkened", "*šemeš*": "noun, feminine singular - sun", "*ʾôr*": "noun, masculine singular - light", "*yārēaḥ*": "noun, masculine singular - moon", "*kôḵāḇîm*": "noun, masculine plural - stars", "*šāḇû*": "qal perfect, 3rd person plural - they have returned", "*ʿāḇîm*": "noun, masculine plural - clouds", "*ʾaḥar*": "preposition - after", "*gāšem*": "noun, masculine singular - rain" }, "variants": { "*teḥšaḵ*": "becomes dark/is darkened/grows dim", "*šāḇû*": "return/come back/recur" } } 3 { "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.12.3", "source": "בַּיּ֗וֹם שֶׁיָּזֻ֙עוּ֙ שֹׁמְרֵ֣י הַבַּ֔יִת וְהִֽתְעַוְּת֖וּ אַנְשֵׁ֣י הֶחָ֑יִל וּבָטְל֤וּ הַטֹּֽחֲנוֹת֙ כִּ֣י מִעֵ֔טוּ וְחָשְׁכ֥וּ הָרֹא֖וֹת בָּאֲרֻבּֽוֹת׃", "text": "Ba-*yôm* še-*yāzuʿû* *šōmrê* ha-*bayit* wə-*hitʿawwətû* *ʾanšê* he-*ḥāyil* u-*ḇāṭlû* ha-*ṭōḥănôt* *kî* *miʿēṭû* wə-*ḥāšḵû* hā-*rōʾôt* bā-*ʾărubbôt*", "grammar": { "*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular - day", "*yāzuʿû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they will tremble", "*šōmrê*": "qal participle, masculine plural construct - keepers of", "*bayit*": "noun, masculine singular - house", "*hitʿawwətû*": "hithpael perfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they have bent themselves", "*ʾanšê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - men of", "*ḥāyil*": "noun, masculine singular - strength/might/valor", "*ḇāṭlû*": "qal perfect, 3rd person feminine plural - they have ceased", "*ṭōḥănôt*": "qal participle, feminine plural - grinders/grinding women", "*kî*": "conjunction - because/for", "*miʿēṭû*": "qal perfect, 3rd person plural - they have become few", "*ḥāšḵû*": "qal perfect, 3rd person plural - they have darkened", "*rōʾôt*": "qal participle, feminine plural - those seeing/lookers", "*ʾărubbôt*": "noun, feminine plural - windows/lattices" }, "variants": { "*šōmrê* ha-*bayit*": "keepers of the house (may refer to arms/hands metaphorically)", "*ʾanšê* he-*ḥāyil*": "men of strength/mighty men (may refer to legs metaphorically)", "*ṭōḥănôt*": "female grinders/grinding women (may refer to teeth metaphorically)", "*rōʾôt* bā-*ʾărubbôt*": "lookers through the windows (may refer to eyes metaphorically)" } } 4 { "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.12.4", "source": "וְסֻגְּר֤וּ דְלָתַ֙יִם֙ בַּשּׁ֔וּק בִּשְׁפַ֖ל ק֣וֹל הַֽטַּחֲנָ֑ה וְיָקוּם֙ לְק֣וֹל הַצִּפּ֔וֹר וְיִשַּׁ֖חוּ כָּל־בְּנ֥וֹת הַשִּֽׁיר׃", "text": "Wə-*suggərû* *dəlātayim* ba-*šûq* bi-*špal* *qôl* ha-*ṭaḥănāh* wə-*yāqûm* lə-*qôl* ha-*ṣippôr* wə-*yiššaḥû* kāl-*bənôt* ha-*šîr*", "grammar": { "*suggərû*": "pual perfect, 3rd person plural - they are closed/shut", "*dəlātayim*": "noun, feminine dual - double doors/gates", "*šûq*": "noun, masculine singular - street/marketplace", "*špal*": "infinitive construct - to be low/when becomes low", "*qôl*": "noun, masculine singular - sound/voice", "*ṭaḥănāh*": "noun, feminine singular - grinding/mill", "*yāqûm*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will rise", "*qôl*": "noun, masculine singular - sound/voice", "*ṣippôr*": "noun, common singular - bird/sparrow", "*yiššaḥû*": "niphal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they will be brought low", "*bənôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - daughters of", "*šîr*": "noun, masculine singular - song/singing" }, "variants": { "*dəlātayim*": "double doors/gates (may refer to lips metaphorically)", "*qôl* ha-*ṭaḥănāh*": "sound of grinding (may refer to diminished eating/chewing sounds)", "*yāqûm* lə-*qôl* ha-*ṣippôr*": "rises at the sound of a bird (awakening at dawn/early waking)", "*bənôt* ha-*šîr*": "daughters of song (singing women/musical notes/ability to sing or hear music)" } } 5 { "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.12.5", "source": "גַּ֣ם מִגָּבֹ֤הַּ יִרָ֙אוּ֙ וְחַתְחַתִּ֣ים בַּדֶּ֔רֶךְ וְיָנֵ֤אץ הַשָּׁקֵד֙ וְיִסְתַּבֵּ֣ל הֶֽחָגָ֔ב וְתָפֵ֖ר הָֽאֲבִיּוֹנָ֑ה כִּֽי־הֹלֵ֤ךְ הָאָדָם֙ אֶל־בֵּ֣ית עוֹלָמ֔וֹ וְסָבְב֥וּ בָשּׁ֖וּק הַסֹּפְדִֽים׃", "text": "*Gam* mi-*gāḇōah* *yīrāʾû* wə-*ḥatḥattîm* ba-*dereḵ* wə-*yānēʾṣ* ha-*šāqēd* wə-*yistabbēl* he-*ḥāgāḇ* wə-*tāpēr* hā-*ʾăḇiyyônāh* *kî*-*hōlēḵ* hā-*ʾādām* *ʾel*-*bêt* *ʿôlāmô* wə-*sāḇəḇû* ḇa-*šûq* ha-*sōpədîm*", "grammar": { "*gam*": "conjunction/adverb - also/even", "*gāḇōah*": "adjective, masculine singular - height/high place", "*yīrāʾû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they will fear", "*ḥatḥattîm*": "noun, masculine plural - terrors/fears", "*dereḵ*": "noun, common singular - way/road/path", "*yānēʾṣ*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - it will blossom/flourish", "*šāqēd*": "noun, masculine singular - almond tree", "*yistabbēl*": "hithpael imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - it will become a burden", "*ḥāgāḇ*": "noun, masculine singular - locust/grasshopper", "*tāpēr*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - it will fail/be ineffective", "*ʾăḇiyyônāh*": "noun, feminine singular - caper berry/desire", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*hōlēḵ*": "qal participle, masculine singular - going/walking", "*ʾādām*": "noun, masculine singular - man/mankind", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to/toward", "*bêt*": "noun, masculine singular construct - house of", "*ʿôlāmô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his eternity/long home", "*sāḇəḇû*": "qal perfect, 3rd person plural - they have gone around", "*šûq*": "noun, masculine singular - street/marketplace", "*sōpədîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - mourners/those wailing" }, "variants": { "*gāḇōah* *yīrāʾû*": "they will fear height/be afraid of what is high", "*yānēʾṣ* ha-*šāqēd*": "the almond tree blossoms (white hair/old age)", "*yistabbēl* he-*ḥāgāḇ*": "the grasshopper becomes a burden/drags itself along (loss of mobility)", "*tāpēr* hā-*ʾăḇiyyônāh*": "the caper berry fails/desire fails (loss of appetite/sexual desire)", "*bêt* *ʿôlāmô*": "his eternal house/long home (grave/tomb)" } }
• Isa 5:11-12 : 11 { "verseID": "Isaiah.5.11", "source": "ה֛וֹי מַשְׁכִּימֵ֥י בַבֹּ֖קֶר שֵׁכָ֣ר יִרְדֹּ֑פוּ מְאַחֲרֵ֣י בַנֶּ֔שֶׁף יַ֖יִן יַדְלִיקֵֽם׃", "text": "*hôy* those who *maškîmê* in the *babbōqer* *šēkār* *yirdōpû*, those who *məʾaḥărê* until the *bannešep* *yayin* *yadlîqēm*.", "grammar": { "*hôy*": "interjection - woe", "*maškîmê*": "hiphil participle masculine plural construct - rising early", "*babbōqer*": "definite article with preposition with masculine singular noun - in the morning", "*šēkār*": "masculine singular noun - strong drink", "*yirdōpû*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - they pursue", "*məʾaḥărê*": "piel participle masculine plural construct - delaying/tarrying", "*bannešep*": "definite article with preposition with masculine singular noun - in the twilight/evening", "*yayin*": "masculine singular noun - wine", "*yadlîqēm*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - inflames them" }, "variants": { "*maškîmê*": "rising early/doing early in the morning", "*šēkār*": "strong drink/intoxicating beverage", "*məʾaḥărê*": "delaying/tarrying/staying late", "*bannešep*": "twilight/evening/dusk", "*yadlîqēm*": "inflames/burns/kindles them" } } 12 { "verseID": "Isaiah.5.12", "source": "וְהָיָ֨ה כִנּ֜וֹר וָנֶ֗בֶל תֹּ֧ף וְחָלִ֛יל וָיַ֖יִן מִשְׁתֵּיהֶ֑ם וְאֵ֨ת פֹּ֤עַל יְהוָה֙ לֹ֣א יַבִּ֔יטוּ וּמַעֲשֵׂ֥ה יָדָ֖יו לֹ֥א רָאֽוּ׃", "text": "And *wə*-there has *wəhāyâ* *kinnôr* and *wā*-*nebel*, *tōp* and *wə*-*ḥālîl* and *wā*-*yayin* at their *mištêhem*; but the *wəʾēt* *pōʿal* of *YHWH* they do not *yabbîṭû*, and the *maʿăśēh* of his *yādāyw* they have not *rāʾû*.", "grammar": { "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*wəhāyâ*": "qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular with vav consecutive - and there is", "*kinnôr*": "masculine singular noun - lyre/harp", "*wā*": "conjunction - and", "*nebel*": "masculine singular noun - harp/lute", "*tōp*": "masculine singular noun - tambourine/timbrel", "*ḥālîl*": "masculine singular noun - pipe/flute", "*yayin*": "masculine singular noun - wine", "*mištêhem*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their feasts", "*wəʾēt*": "conjunction with direct object marker", "*pōʿal*": "masculine singular construct - work of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD", "*yabbîṭû*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - they regard/consider", "*maʿăśēh*": "masculine singular construct - work of", "*yādāyw*": "feminine dual noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his hands", "*rāʾû*": "qal perfect 3rd person common plural - they have seen" }, "variants": { "*kinnôr*": "lyre/harp/stringed instrument", "*nebel*": "harp/lute/stringed instrument", "*tōp*": "tambourine/timbrel/drum", "*ḥālîl*": "pipe/flute/wind instrument", "*mištêhem*": "feasts/banquets/drinking parties", "*pōʿal*": "work/deed/action", "*yabbîṭû*": "regard/consider/look at" } }
• Heb 5:14 : 14 { "verseID": "Hebrews.5.14", "source": "Τελείων δέ ἐστιν ἡ στερεὰ τροφή, τῶν διὰ τὴν ἕξιν τὰ αἰσθητήρια γεγυμνασμένα ἐχόντων πρὸς διάκρισιν καλοῦ τε καὶ κακοῦ.", "text": "But of *teleiōn* *de* *estin* the *sterea* *trophē*, of those through the *hexin* the *aisthētēria* *gegymnesmena* *echontōn* for *diakrisin* of *kalou* both and of *kakou*.", "grammar": { "*Teleiōn de*": "genitive, masculine, plural adjective + postpositive conjunction - but of the mature", "*estin*": "present active indicative, 3rd singular - is", "*hē sterea trophē*": "nominative, feminine, singular with article + nominative, feminine, singular - the solid food", "*tōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural article - of those", "*dia tēn hexin*": "preposition + accusative, feminine, singular with article - because of practice/habit", "*ta aisthētēria*": "accusative, neuter, plural with article - the faculties of perception", "*gegymnesmena*": "perfect passive participle, accusative, neuter, plural - having been trained/exercised", "*echontōn*": "present active participle, genitive, masculine, plural - having", "*pros diakrisin*": "preposition + accusative, feminine, singular - for discernment/distinguishing", "*kalou te kai kakou*": "genitive, neuter, singular + correlative conjunction + genitive, neuter, singular - of good and of evil" }, "variants": { "*teleiōn*": "mature/perfect/complete ones", "*sterea*": "solid/firm/substantial", "*trophē*": "food/nourishment", "*hexin*": "habit/practice/condition", "*aisthētēria*": "faculties of perception/senses", "*gegymnesmena*": "having been trained/exercised/disciplined", "*diakrisin*": "discernment/distinguishing/judgment", "*kalou*": "good/noble/beautiful", "*kakou*": "evil/bad/harmful" } }
• 1 Pet 2:3 : 3 { "verseID": "1 Peter.2.3", "source": "Εἴπερ ἐγεύσασθε ὅτι χρηστὸς ὁ Κύριος.", "text": "*Eiper egeusasthe hoti chrēstos* the *Kyrios*.", "grammar": { "*Eiper*": "conjunction - if indeed/since", "*egeusasthe*": "verb, aorist middle indicative, 2nd person plural - you have tasted", "*hoti*": "conjunction - that", "*chrēstos*": "adjective, masculine singular nominative - kind/good/gracious", "*Kyrios*": "noun, masculine singular nominative - Lord" }, "variants": { "*Eiper*": "if indeed/since/assuming that", "*egeusasthe*": "you have tasted/experienced/perceived", "*chrēstos*": "kind/good/gracious/excellent", "*Kyrios*": "Lord/Master" } }
• Neh 7:67 : 67 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.7.67", "source": "מִ֠לְּבַד עַבְדֵיהֶ֤ם וְאַמְהֹֽתֵיהֶם֙ אֵ֔לֶּה שִׁבְעַ֣ת אֲלָפִ֔ים שְׁלֹ֥שׁ מֵא֖וֹת שְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים וְשִׁבְעָ֑ה וְלָהֶ֗ם מְשֹֽׁרֲרִים֙ וּמְשֹׁ֣רֲר֔וֹת מָאתַ֖יִם וְאַרְבָּעִ֥ים וַחֲמִשָּֽׁה׃ ס", "text": "*milləḇaḏ* *ʿaḇḏêhem* *wəʾamhōṯêhem* *ʾēlleh* *šiḇʿaṯ* *ʾălāp̄îm* *šəlōš* *mēʾôṯ* *šəlōšîm* *wəšiḇʿāh* *wəlāhem* *məšōrărîm* *ûməšōrărôṯ* *māʾṯayim* *wəʾarbāʿîm* *waḥămiššāh*", "grammar": { "*milləḇaḏ*": "preposition *min* + preposition *lə* + noun, masculine singular - apart from", "*ʿaḇḏêhem*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their servants", "*wəʾamhōṯêhem*": "conjunction *wə* + noun, feminine plural + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - and their maidservants", "*ʾēlleh*": "demonstrative pronoun, plural - these", "*šiḇʿaṯ*": "numeral, feminine, construct - seven of", "*ʾălāp̄îm*": "noun, masculine plural - thousands", "*šəlōš*": "numeral, feminine - three", "*mēʾôṯ*": "noun, feminine plural - hundreds", "*šəlōšîm*": "numeral - thirty", "*wəšiḇʿāh*": "conjunction *wə* + numeral, masculine - and seven", "*wəlāhem*": "conjunction *wə* + preposition *lə* + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - and to them", "*məšōrărîm*": "participle, masculine plural, Polel - singers (male)", "*ûməšōrărôṯ*": "conjunction *wə* + participle, feminine plural, Polel - and singers (female)", "*māʾṯayim*": "numeral, masculine dual - two hundred", "*wəʾarbāʿîm*": "conjunction *wə* + numeral - and forty", "*waḥămiššāh*": "conjunction *wə* + numeral, masculine - and five" }, "variants": { "*milləḇaḏ*": "apart from/besides/excluding", "*ʿaḇḏêhem*": "their servants/slaves", "*ʾamhōṯêhem*": "their maidservants/female slaves", "*məšōrărîm*": "singers/musicians (male)", "*məšōrărôṯ*": "singers/musicians (female)" } }
• Job 6:30 : 30 { "verseID": "Job.6.30", "source": "הֲיֵשׁ־בִּלְשׁוֹנִ֥י עַוְלָ֑ה אִם־חִ֝כִּ֗י לֹא־יָבִ֥ין הַוּֽוֹת׃", "text": "*hăyēš-bilšônî ʿawlâ ʾim-ḥikkî lōʾ-yābîn hawwôt*", "grammar": { "*hăyēš*": "interrogative + existential particle - is there", "*bilšônî*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular + 1st person singular suffix - in my tongue", "*ʿawlâ*": "noun, feminine singular - injustice/unrighteousness", "*ʾim-ḥikkî*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix - if my palate", "*lōʾ-yābîn*": "negative particle + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - does not discern", "*hawwôt*": "noun, feminine plural - calamities/destructions" }, "variants": { "*lāšôn*": "tongue/language", "*ʿawlâ*": "injustice/unrighteousness/wrong", "*ḥēk*": "palate/roof of mouth/taste", "*bîn*": "to understand/discern/perceive", "*hawwâ*": "calamity/disaster/destruction" } }
• Job 12:11 : 11 { "verseID": "Job.12.11", "source": "הֲלֹא־אֹ֭זֶן מִלִּ֣ין תִּבְחָ֑ן וְ֝חֵ֗ךְ אֹ֣כֶל יִטְעַם־לֽוֹ׃", "text": "*hă-lōʾ-ʾōzen* *millîn* *tibḥān* *wə-ḥēk* *ʾōkel* *yiṭʿam-lô*", "grammar": { "*hă-lōʾ*": "interrogative particle + negative particle - does not", "*ʾōzen*": "noun, feminine singular - ear", "*millîn*": "noun, feminine plural - words", "*tibḥān*": "qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - test/try", "*wə-ḥēk*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and palate", "*ʾōkel*": "noun, masculine singular - food", "*yiṭʿam-lô*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular + preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - taste for itself" }, "variants": { "*ʾōzen*": "ear/hearing", "*millîn*": "words/speech/sayings", "*tibḥān*": "tests/tries/examines", "*ḥēk*": "palate/roof of mouth/taste", "*ʾōkel*": "food/meal", "*yiṭʿam*": "tastes/perceives flavor" } }
• Exod 2:8 : 8 { "verseID": "Exodus.2.8", "source": "וַתֹּֽאמֶר־לָ֥הּ בַּת־פַּרְעֹ֖ה לֵ֑כִי וַתֵּ֙לֶךְ֙ הָֽעַלְמָ֔ה וַתִּקְרָ֖א אֶת־אֵ֥ם הַיָּֽלֶד׃", "text": "*wa-tōʾmer-lāh bat-parʿōh lēḵî wa-tēleḵ hāʿalmâ wa-tiqrāʾ ʾet-ʾēm hayyāled*", "grammar": { "*wa-tōʾmer-lāh*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular + preposition + 3rd feminine singular suffix - and said to her", "*bat-parʿōh*": "construct state + proper noun - daughter of Pharaoh", "*lēḵî*": "qal imperative, feminine singular - go", "*wa-tēleḵ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and went", "*hāʿalmâ*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the young woman/maiden", "*wa-tiqrāʾ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and called", "*ʾet-ʾēm*": "direct object marker + feminine singular construct - the mother of", "*hayyāled*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the child" }, "variants": { "*tōʾmer*": "said/spoke", "*lēḵî*": "go/walk/proceed", "*tēleḵ*": "went/walked/proceeded", "*ʿalmâ*": "young woman/maiden/girl", "*tiqrāʾ*": "called/summoned", "*ʾēm*": "mother" } }
• Exod 12:4 : 4 { "verseID": "Exodus.12.4", "source": "וְאִם־יִמְעַ֣ט הַבַּיִת֮ מִהְיֹ֣ת מִשֶּׂה֒ וְלָקַ֣ח ה֗וּא וּשְׁכֵנ֛וֹ הַקָּרֹ֥ב אֶל־בֵּית֖וֹ בְּמִכְסַ֣ת נְפָשֹׁ֑ת אִ֚ישׁ לְפִ֣י אָכְל֔וֹ תָּכֹ֖סּוּ עַל־הַשֶּֽׂה׃", "text": "*wə-ʾim*-*yimʿaṭ* *ha-bayit* *mi-hĕyōt* *mi-śeh* *wə-lāqaḥ* *hûʾ* *û-šəkēnô* *ha-qārōb* *ʾel*-*bêtô* *bə-miksat* *nəpāšōt* *ʾîš* *lə-pî* *ʾoklô* *tākōssû* *ʿal*-*ha-śeh*", "grammar": { "*wə-ʾim*": "conjunction + conditional particle - and if", "*yimʿaṭ*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - it is too small/few", "*ha-bayit*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the house", "*mi-hĕyōt*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - from being", "*mi-śeh*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - from [consuming] a lamb", "*wə-lāqaḥ*": "conjunction + qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he shall take", "*hûʾ*": "3rd person masculine singular pronoun - he", "*û-šəkēnô*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and his neighbor", "*ha-qārōb*": "definite article + adjective, masculine singular - the near/closest", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to", "*bêtô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his house", "*bə-miksat*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - in/by count of", "*nəpāšōt*": "noun, feminine plural - persons/souls", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man/each one", "*lə-pî*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - according to", "*ʾoklô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his eating", "*tākōssû*": "qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural - you shall count/compute", "*ʿal*": "preposition - for/concerning", "*ha-śeh*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the lamb" }, "variants": { "*yimʿaṭ*": "be small/be few/be insufficient", "*mi-hĕyōt*": "from being/to be/from having", "*miksat*": "number/count/computation", "*nəpāšōt*": "souls/persons/individuals", "*tākōssû*": "count/compute/reckon/assign" } }
• 2 Sam 13:25 : 25 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.13.25", "source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ אֶל־אַבְשָׁל֗וֹם אַל־בְּנִי֙ אַל־נָ֤א נֵלֵךְ֙ כֻּלָּ֔נוּ וְלֹ֥א נִכְבַּ֖ד עָלֶ֑יךָ וַיִּפְרָץ־בּ֛וֹ וְלֹֽא־אָבָ֥ה לָלֶ֖כֶת וַֽיְבָרֲכֵֽהוּ׃", "text": "*wə-yōʾmer* the-*melek* unto-*ʾAbšālôm* *ʾal*-*bənî* *ʾal*-*nāʾ* *nēlēk* all-of-us and-not *nikbad* upon-you *wə-yiprāṣ*-at-him and-not-*ʾābāh* to-go *wə-yəbārăkēhû*", "grammar": { "*wə-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*melek*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the king", "*ʾAbšālôm*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Absalom", "*ʾal*": "negative particle - do not", "*bənî*": "masculine singular noun + 1st singular possessive suffix - my son", "*ʾal*": "negative particle - do not", "*nāʾ*": "particle of entreaty - please", "*nēlēk*": "Qal imperfect 1st plural cohortative - let us go", "*nikbad*": "Qal imperfect 1st plural - we would be a burden", "*wə-yiprāṣ*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he urged", "*ʾābāh*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he was willing", "*wə-yəbārăkēhû*": "waw consecutive + Piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and he blessed him" }, "variants": { "*ʾal*": "do not/no", "*nēlēk*": "let us go/may we go/should we go", "*nikbad*": "we would be a burden/we would be heavy/we would be too many", "*wə-yiprāṣ*": "and he urged/and he pressed/and he insisted", "*ʾābāh*": "he was willing/he consented/he wanted", "*wə-yəbārăkēhû*": "and he blessed him/and he greeted him/and he bade him farewell" } }