Deuteronomy 10:4

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "Deuteronomy.10.4", "source": "וַיִּכְתֹּ֨ב עַֽל־הַלֻּחֹ֜ת כַּמִּכְתָּ֣ב הָרִאשׁ֗וֹן אֵ֚ת עֲשֶׂ֣רֶת הַדְּבָרִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר דִּבֶּר֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֲלֵיכֶ֥ם בָּהָ֛ר מִתּ֥וֹךְ הָאֵ֖שׁ בְּי֣וֹם הַקָּהָ֑ל וַיִּתְּנֵ֥ם יְהוָ֖ה אֵלָֽי׃", "text": "And *wayyiktōb* upon the *lûḥōt* like the *miktāb* the *rîʾšôn* *ʾēt* ten the *dəbārîm* *ʾăšer* *dibber* *YHWH* unto you in the *hār* from *tôk* the *ʾēš* in *yôm* the *qāhāl* and *wayyitənēm* *YHWH* unto me", "grammar": { "*wayyiktōb*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he wrote", "*lûḥōt*": "masculine plural with definite article - tablets", "*miktāb*": "masculine singular with prefixed preposition kaph and definite article - writing/inscription", "*rîʾšôn*": "masculine singular with definite article - first/former", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*dəbārîm*": "masculine plural with definite article - words/matters", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*dibber*": "piel perfect 3rd masculine singular - spoke/said", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*hār*": "masculine singular with definite article and prefixed preposition bet - in the mountain", "*tôk*": "masculine singular construct with prefixed preposition min - from midst of", "*ʾēš*": "feminine singular with definite article - fire", "*yôm*": "masculine singular construct with prefixed preposition bet - in day of", "*qāhāl*": "masculine singular with definite article - assembly/congregation", "*wayyitənēm*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix and waw consecutive - and he gave them" }, "variants": { "*kātab*": "write/inscribe", "*miktāb*": "writing/inscription/script", "*dəbārîm*": "words/matters/things/commandments", "*dibber*": "speak/talk/command", "*tôk*": "midst/middle/among", "*ʾēš*": "fire/flame", "*qāhāl*": "assembly/congregation/meeting", "*nātan*": "give/put/place" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וַיִּכְתֹּ֨ב עַֽל־הַלֻּחֹ֜ת כַּמִּכְתָּ֣ב הָרִאשׁ֗וֹן אֵ֚ת עֲשֶׂ֣רֶת הַדְּבָרִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר דִּבֶּר֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֲלֵיכֶ֥ם בָּהָ֛ר מִתּ֥וֹךְ הָאֵ֖שׁ בְּי֣וֹם הַקָּהָ֑ל וַיִּתְּנֵ֥ם יְהוָ֖ה אֵלָֽי׃

Transliteration

And wayyiktōb upon the lûḥōt like the miktāb the rîʾšôn ʾēt ten the dəbārîm ʾăšer dibber YHWH unto you in the hār from tôk the ʾēš in yôm the qāhāl and wayyitənēm YHWH unto me

Grammar Details

• *wayyiktōb*: qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he wrote
• *lûḥōt*: masculine plural with definite article - tablets
• *miktāb*: masculine singular with prefixed preposition kaph and definite article - writing/inscription
• *rîʾšôn*: masculine singular with definite article - first/former
• *ʾēt*: direct object marker
• *dəbārîm*: masculine plural with definite article - words/matters
• *ʾăšer*: relative pronoun - which/that
• *dibber*: piel perfect 3rd masculine singular - spoke/said
• *YHWH*: divine name - Yahweh/LORD
• *hār*: masculine singular with definite article and prefixed preposition bet - in the mountain
• *tôk*: masculine singular construct with prefixed preposition min - from midst of
• *ʾēš*: feminine singular with definite article - fire
• *yôm*: masculine singular construct with prefixed preposition bet - in day of
• *qāhāl*: masculine singular with definite article - assembly/congregation
• *wayyitənēm*: qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix and waw consecutive - and he gave them

Word Meanings

• *kātab*: write/inscribe
• *miktāb*: writing/inscription/script
• *dəbārîm*: words/matters/things/commandments
• *dibber*: speak/talk/command
• *tôk*: midst/middle/among
• *ʾēš*: fire/flame
• *qāhāl*: assembly/congregation/meeting
• *nātan*: give/put/place

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  The LORD wrote on the tablets, just as He had done the first time, the Ten Commandments that He had proclaimed to you from the fire on the mountain on the day of the assembly. Then the LORD gave them to me.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  And he wrote on the tables, according to the first writing, the ten commandments, which the LORD spake unto you in the mount out of the midst of the fire in the day of the assembly: and the LORD gave them unto me.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  And he wrote on the tablets, according to the first writing, the ten commandments, which the LORD spoke to you on the mountain out of the midst of the fire on the day of the assembly: and the LORD gave them to me.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  And he wrote on the tables, according to the first writing, the ten commandments, which the LORD spake unto you in the mount out of the midst of the fire in the day of the assembly: and the LORD gave them unto me.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  And he wrote{H3789} on the tables,{H3871} according to the first{H7223} writing,{H4385} the ten{H6235} commandments,{H1697} which Jehovah{H3068} spake{H1696} unto you in the mount{H2022} out of the midst{H8432} of the fire{H784} in the day{H3117} of the assembly:{H6951} and Jehovah{H3068} gave{H5414} them unto me.

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  And he wrote{H3789}{(H8799)} on the tables{H3871}, according to the first{H7223} writing{H4385}, the ten{H6235} commandments{H1697}, which the LORD{H3068} spake{H1696}{(H8765)} unto you in the mount{H2022} out of the midst{H8432} of the fire{H784} in the day{H3117} of the assembly{H6951}: and the LORD{H3068} gave{H5414}{(H8799)} them unto me.

• Tyndale Bible (1526/1534)

  And he wrote in the tables, acording to the first writinge (the.x. verses whiche the Lorde spake vnto you in the mount out of the fire in the daye when the people were gathered) ad gaue the vnto me.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  Then wrote he in ye tables (acordinge as the first wrytinge was) the ten verses, which the LORDE spake vnto you out of the fyre vpon the mountayne, at the tyme of the gatheringe together. And the LORDE gaue the vnto me.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  Then he wrote vpon the Tables according to the first writing (the tenne commandements, which the Lord spake vnto you in the Mount out of the middes of the fire, in the day of the assemblie) and the Lord gaue them vnto me.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  And he wrote in the tables according to the first wrytyng, the ten commaundementes whiche the Lord spake vnto you in the mount out of the myddes of the fire, in the day when you were gathered together: and the Lorde gaue them vnto me.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  And he wrote on the tables, according to the first writing, the ten commandments, which the LORD spake unto you in the mount out of the midst of the fire in the day of the assembly: and the LORD gave them unto me.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  He wrote on the tables, according to the first writing, the ten commandments, which Yahweh spoke to you on the mountain out of the midst of the fire in the day of the assembly: and Yahweh gave them to me.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  `And He writeth on the tables, according to the first writing, the Ten Matters, which Jehovah hath spoken unto you in the mount, out of the midst of the fire, in the day of the assembly, and Jehovah giveth them unto me,

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And he wrote on the tables, according to the first writing, the ten commandments, which Jehovah spake unto you in the mount out of the midst of the fire in the day of the assembly: and Jehovah gave them unto me.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And he wrote on the tables, according to the first writing, the ten commandments, which Jehovah spake unto you in the mount out of the midst of the fire in the day of the assembly: and Jehovah gave them unto me.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  And he put on the stones, as in the first writing, the ten rules which the Lord gave you on the mountain out of the fire on the day of the great meeting: and the Lord gave the stones to me.

• World English Bible (2000)

  He wrote on the tables, according to the first writing, the ten commandments, which Yahweh spoke to you on the mountain out of the midst of the fire in the day of the assembly: and Yahweh gave them to me.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  The LORD then wrote on the tablets the same words, the ten commandments, which he had spoken to you at the mountain from the middle of the fire at the time of that assembly, and he gave them to me.

Referenced Verses

• Deut 9:10 : 10 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.9.10", "source": "וַיִּתֵּ֨ן יְהוָ֜ה אֵלַ֗י אֶת־שְׁנֵי֙ לוּחֹ֣ת הָֽאֲבָנִ֔ים כְּתֻבִ֖ים בְּאֶצְבַּ֣ע אֱלֹהִ֑ים וַעֲלֵיהֶ֗ם כְּֽכָל־הַדְּבָרִ֡ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר דִּבֶּר֩ יְהוָ֨ה עִמָּכֶ֥ם בָּהָ֛ר מִתּ֥וֹךְ הָאֵ֖שׁ בְּי֥וֹם הַקָּהָֽל׃", "text": "*wayyittēn* *YHWH* to-me *ʾet*-two *lûḥōt* the-*ʾăbānîm* *kĕtubîm* with-*ʾeṣbaʿ* *ʾĕlōhîm* and-on-them according-to-all-the-*dĕbārîm* which *dibber* *YHWH* with-you in-the-*hār* from-midst the-*ʾēš* in-*yôm* the-*qāhāl*", "grammar": { "*wayyittēn*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect consecutive 3rd person masculine singular - and he gave", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*lûḥōt*": "noun, masculine plural construct - tablets of", "*ʾăbānîm*": "noun, feminine plural with definite article - the stones", "*kĕtubîm*": "verb, qal passive participle masculine plural - written", "*ʾeṣbaʿ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - finger of", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural - God", "*dĕbārîm*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the words", "*dibber*": "verb, piel perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he spoke", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*hār*": "noun, masculine singular with preposition bet - in the mountain", "*ʾēš*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the fire", "*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular construct - day of", "*qāhāl*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the assembly" }, "variants": { "*wayyittēn*": "he gave/he provided/he delivered", "*lûḥōt*": "tablets/slabs/boards", "*kĕtubîm*": "written/inscribed/engraved", "*ʾeṣbaʿ*": "finger/hand/power", "*dĕbārîm*": "words/matters/things/commandments", "*dibber*": "spoke/said/uttered", "*qāhāl*": "assembly/congregation/gathering" } }
• Exod 34:28 : 28 { "verseID": "Exodus.34.28", "source": "וֽ͏ַיְהִי־שָׁ֣ם עִם־יְהוָ֗ה אַרְבָּעִ֥ים יוֹם֙ וְאַרְבָּעִ֣ים לַ֔יְלָה לֶ֚חֶם לֹ֣א אָכַ֔ל וּמַ֖יִם לֹ֣א שָׁתָ֑ה וַיִּכְתֹּ֣ב עַל־הַלֻּחֹ֗ת אֵ֚ת דִּבְרֵ֣י הַבְּרִ֔ית עֲשֶׂ֖רֶת הַדְּבָרִֽים׃", "text": "*wa-yəhî*-there with-*YHWH* *ʾarbāʿîm* *yôm* *wə-ʾarbāʿîm* *laylāh* *leḥem* *lōʾ* *ʾākal* *û-mayim* *lōʾ* *šātāh* *wa-yiktōb* on-*ha-luḥōt* *ʾēt* *dibrê* *ha-bərît* *ʿăśeret* *ha-dəbārîm*", "grammar": { "*wa-yəhî*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he was", "*YHWH*": "proper name - Yahweh/LORD", "*ʾarbāʿîm*": "cardinal number - forty", "*yôm*": "masculine singular - day", "*wə-ʾarbāʿîm*": "conjunction + cardinal number - and forty", "*laylāh*": "masculine singular - night", "*leḥem*": "masculine singular - bread", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*ʾākal*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he ate", "*û-mayim*": "conjunction + masculine plural - and water", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*šātāh*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he drank", "*wa-yiktōb*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he wrote", "*ha-luḥōt*": "definite article + feminine plural - the tablets", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*dibrê*": "masculine plural construct - words of", "*ha-bərît*": "definite article + feminine singular - the covenant", "*ʿăśeret*": "feminine singular construct - ten of", "*ha-dəbārîm*": "definite article + masculine plural - the words" }, "variants": { "*yəhî*": "was/existed/remained", "*leḥem*": "bread/food", "*ʾākal*": "ate/consumed/devoured", "*šātāh*": "drank/consumed", "*yiktōb*": "wrote/inscribed/recorded", "*luḥōt*": "tablets/plates", "*dibrê*": "words/matters/things of", "*ʿăśeret*": "ten/decade", "*dəbārîm*": "words/commandments/sayings" } }
• Deut 18:16 : 16 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.18.16", "source": "כְּכֹ֨ל אֲשֶׁר־שָׁאַ֜לְתָּ מֵעִ֨ם יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ בְּחֹרֵ֔ב בְּי֥וֹם הַקָּהָ֖ל לֵאמֹ֑ר לֹ֣א אֹסֵ֗ף לִשְׁמֹ֙עַ֙ אֶת־קוֹל֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהָ֔י וְאֶת־הָאֵ֨שׁ הַגְּדֹלָ֥ה הַזֹּ֛את לֹֽא־אֶרְאֶ֥ה ע֖וֹד וְלֹ֥א אָמֽוּת׃", "text": "According-to-all that-*shaalta* from-with *YHWH* *elohecha* in-*Chorev* in-day the-*qahal* saying: Not *osef* to-*lishmoa* *et*-voice *YHWH* *elohai* and-*et*-the-*esh* the-*gedolah* the-this not-*ereh* again and-not *amut*.", "grammar": { "*shaalta*": "perfect, 2nd masculine singular, qal - you asked", "*YHWH*": "noun, proper - divine name", "*elohecha*": "noun, masculine, plural + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your God", "*Chorev*": "noun, proper - Horeb", "*qahal*": "noun, masculine, singular - assembly", "*osef*": "imperfect, 1st singular, hiphil - I will continue", "*lishmoa*": "infinitive construct, qal - to hear", "*et*": "direct object marker", "*elohai*": "noun, masculine, plural + 1st singular suffix - my God", "*esh*": "noun, feminine, singular - fire", "*gedolah*": "adjective, feminine, singular - great", "*ereh*": "imperfect, 1st singular, qal - I will see", "*amut*": "imperfect, 1st singular, qal - I will die" }, "variants": { "*qahal*": "assembly/congregation/gathering", "*osef*": "I will continue/I will add/I will do again", "*esh*": "fire/flame", "*gedolah*": "great/large/mighty", "*amut*": "I will die/I will perish" } }
• Heb 12:18-19 : 18 { "verseID": "Hebrews.12.18", "source": "Οὐ γὰρ προσεληλύθατε ψηλαφωμένῳ ὄρει, καὶ κεκαυμενῳ πυρὶ, καὶ γνόφῳ, καὶ σκότῳ, καὶ θυέλλῃ,", "text": "Not for you have *proselēlythate* *psēlaphōmenō orei*, and *kekaumeno pyri*, and *gnophō*, and *skotō*, and *thuellē*,", "grammar": { "*proselēlythate*": "verb, perfect active indicative, 2nd person plural - you have come to/approached", "*psēlaphōmenō*": "participle, present passive, dative, singular, neuter - being touched/felt/handled", "*orei*": "noun, dative, singular, neuter - to mountain", "*kekaumeno*": "participle, perfect passive, dative, singular, neuter - having been burned/kindled", "*pyri*": "noun, dative, singular, neuter - with fire", "*gnophō*": "noun, dative, singular, masculine - to darkness/gloom", "*skotō*": "noun, dative, singular, neuter - to darkness", "*thuellē*": "noun, dative, singular, feminine - to tempest/whirlwind" }, "variants": { "*proselēlythate*": "you have come to/approached/drawn near to", "*psēlaphōmenō*": "being touched/felt/handled/tangible", "*kekaumeno*": "having been burned/kindled/set on fire", "*gnophō*": "darkness/gloom/blackness", "*thuellē*": "tempest/whirlwind/storm" } } 19 { "verseID": "Hebrews.12.19", "source": "Καὶ σάλπιγγος ἤχῳ, καὶ φωνῇ ῥημάτων· ἧς οἱ ἀκούσαντες παρῃτήσαντο μὴ προστεθῆναι αὐτοῖς λόγον:", "text": "And of *salpingos ēchō*, and to *phōnē rhēmatōn*; which those *akousantes parētēsanto* not *prostethēnai* to them *logon*:", "grammar": { "*salpingos*": "noun, genitive, singular, feminine - of trumpet", "*ēchō*": "noun, dative, singular, masculine - to sound/noise", "*phōnē*": "noun, dative, singular, feminine - to voice/sound", "*rhēmatōn*": "noun, genitive, plural, neuter - of words/sayings", "*akousantes*": "participle, aorist active, nominative, plural, masculine - having heard", "*parētēsanto*": "verb, aorist middle indicative, 3rd person plural - begged off/refused/asked to be excused", "*prostethēnai*": "verb, aorist passive infinitive - to be added/spoken further", "*logon*": "noun, accusative, singular, masculine - word/message" }, "variants": { "*salpingos*": "trumpet/horn", "*ēchō*": "sound/noise/blast", "*parētēsanto*": "begged off/refused/asked to be excused/declined", "*prostethēnai*": "to be added/spoken further/continued" } }
• Deut 4:11-15 : 11 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.4.11", "source": "וַתִּקְרְב֥וּן וַתַּֽעַמְד֖וּן תַּ֣חַת הָהָ֑ר וְהָהָ֞ר בֹּעֵ֤ר בָּאֵשׁ֙ עַד־לֵ֣ב הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם חֹ֖שֶׁךְ עָנָ֥ן וַעֲרָפֶֽל", "text": "And-*wattiqrᵉbûn* and-*wattaʿamdûn* under the-*hār*, and-the-*hār* *bōʿēr* in-the-*ʾēsh* unto-*lēb* the-*shāmayim* *ḥōshek* *ʿānān* and-*waʿărāpel*", "grammar": { "*wa*": "conjunction - and", "*ttiqrᵉbûn*": "verb, qal imperfect, second person masculine plural - you approached", "*ttaʿamdûn*": "verb, qal imperfect, second person masculine plural - you stood", "*taḥat*": "preposition - under/beneath", "*hār*": "noun, masculine singular - mountain", "*hāhār*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the mountain", "*bōʿēr*": "participle, qal, masculine singular - burning", "*bā*": "preposition with definite article - in the", "*ʾēsh*": "noun, feminine singular - fire", "*ʿad*": "preposition - unto/to/as far as", "*lēb*": "noun, masculine singular construct - heart of", "*shāmayim*": "noun, masculine plural - heavens/sky", "*ḥōshek*": "noun, masculine singular - darkness", "*ʿānān*": "noun, masculine singular - cloud", "*waʿărāpel*": "conjunction with noun, masculine singular - and thick darkness" }, "variants": { "*ttiqrᵉbûn*": "you approached/you came near/you drew near", "*ttaʿamdûn*": "you stood/you positioned yourselves", "*hār*": "mountain/hill/mount", "*bōʿēr*": "burning/consuming/blazing", "*ʾēsh*": "fire/flame", "*lēb*": "heart/center/midst", "*shāmayim*": "heavens/sky/atmosphere", "*ḥōshek*": "darkness/obscurity", "*ʿānān*": "cloud/mass of clouds", "*ʿărāpel*": "thick darkness/heavy clouds/gloom" } } 12 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.4.12", "source": "וַיְדַבֵּ֧ר יְהוָ֛ה אֲלֵיכֶ֖ם מִתּ֣וֹךְ הָאֵ֑שׁ ק֤וֹל דְּבָרִים֙ אַתֶּ֣ם שֹׁמְעִ֔ים וּתְמוּנָ֛ה אֵינְכֶ֥ם רֹאִ֖ים זוּלָתִ֥י קֽוֹל", "text": "And-*wayᵉdabbēr* *YHWH* to-you from-*tôk* the-*ʾēsh*; *qôl* *dᵉbārîm* *ʾattem* *shōmᵉʿîm* and-*ûtᵉmûnâ* not-you *rōʾîm* besides *qôl*", "grammar": { "*wa*": "conjunction - and", "*yᵉdabbēr*": "verb, piel imperfect, third person masculine singular - he spoke", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name", "*ʾălêkem*": "preposition with second person masculine plural suffix - to you", "*mittôk*": "preposition with noun, masculine singular construct - from midst of", "*ʾēsh*": "noun, feminine singular - fire", "*qôl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - sound of/voice of", "*dᵉbārîm*": "noun, masculine plural - words/things", "*ʾattem*": "pronoun, second person masculine plural - you", "*shōmᵉʿîm*": "participle, qal, masculine plural - hearing", "*û*": "conjunction - and", "*tᵉmûnâ*": "noun, feminine singular - form/likeness", "*ʾênkem*": "particle of negation with second person masculine plural suffix - you are not", "*rōʾîm*": "participle, qal, masculine plural - seeing", "*zûlātî*": "preposition - besides/except", "*qôl*": "noun, masculine singular - sound/voice" }, "variants": { "*yᵉdabbēr*": "he spoke/he said/he declared", "*tôk*": "midst/middle/among", "*ʾēsh*": "fire/flame", "*qôl*": "sound/voice/noise", "*dᵉbārîm*": "words/things/matters", "*shōmᵉʿîm*": "hearing/listening/understanding", "*tᵉmûnâ*": "form/likeness/representation/image", "*rōʾîm*": "seeing/perceiving/beholding", "*zûlātî*": "besides/except/apart from" } } 13 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.4.13", "source": "וַיַּגֵּ֨ד לָכֶ֜ם אֶת־בְּרִית֗וֹ אֲשֶׁ֨ר צִוָּ֤ה אֶתְכֶם֙ לַעֲשׂ֔וֹת עֲשֶׂ֖רֶת הַדְּבָרִ֑ים וַֽיִּכְתְּבֵ֔ם עַל־שְׁנֵ֖י לֻח֥וֹת אֲבָנִֽים", "text": "And-*wayyaggēd* to-you *ʾet*-his-*bᵉrîtô* which *ṣiwwâ* *ʾetkhem* to-*laʿăśôt*, *ʿăśeret* the-*dᵉbārîm*, and-*wayyiktᵉbēm* upon-*shᵉnê* *luḥôt* *ʾăbānîm*", "grammar": { "*wa*": "conjunction - and", "*yyaggēd*": "verb, hiphil imperfect, third person masculine singular - he declared", "*lākem*": "preposition with second person masculine plural suffix - to you", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*bᵉrîtô*": "noun, feminine singular with third person masculine singular suffix - his covenant", "*ʾăsher*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*ṣiwwâ*": "verb, piel perfect, third person masculine singular - he commanded", "*ʾetkhem*": "direct object marker with second person masculine plural suffix - you", "*laʿăśôt*": "preposition with infinitive construct, qal - to do/perform", "*ʿăśeret*": "cardinal number, feminine construct - ten of", "*dᵉbārîm*": "noun, masculine plural - words/things", "*wayyiktᵉbēm*": "conjunction with verb, qal imperfect, third person masculine singular with third person masculine plural suffix - and he wrote them", "*ʿal*": "preposition - upon/on", "*shᵉnê*": "cardinal number, masculine dual construct - two of", "*luḥôt*": "noun, masculine plural construct - tablets of", "*ʾăbānîm*": "noun, feminine plural - stones" }, "variants": { "*yyaggēd*": "he declared/he told/he announced", "*bᵉrîtô*": "his covenant/his agreement/his treaty", "*ṣiwwâ*": "he commanded/he ordered/he instructed", "*laʿăśôt*": "to do/to perform/to practice", "*ʿăśeret*": "ten/tenth", "*dᵉbārîm*": "words/sayings/commandments", "*wayyiktᵉbēm*": "and he wrote them/and he inscribed them", "*luḥôt*": "tablets/plates/boards", "*ʾăbānîm*": "stones/rocks" } } 14 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.4.14", "source": "וְאֹתִ֞י צִוָּ֤ה יְהוָה֙ בָּעֵ֣ת הַהִ֔וא לְלַמֵּ֣ד אֶתְכֶ֔ם חֻקִּ֖ים וּמִשְׁפָּטִ֑ים לַעֲשֹׂתְכֶ֣ם אֹתָ֔ם בָּאָ֕רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר אַתֶּ֛ם עֹבְרִ֥ים שָׁ֖מָּה לְרִשְׁתָּֽהּ׃", "text": "*wə-* me *ṣiwwāh YHWH* in *ʿēt* the-that to-*lammēd* *ʾetkem ḥuqqîm û-mišpāṭîm* to-*ʿăśōtkem* them in-*hā-ʾāreṣ* which you *ʿōbərîm* there to-*rištāh*.", "grammar": { "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*ʾōtî*": "direct object marker with 1st person singular suffix - me", "*ṣiwwāh*": "Piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - commanded", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*bā-ʿēt*": "preposition + definite article + feminine noun - in the time", "*ha-hîʾ*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun - that", "*lə-lammēd*": "preposition + Piel infinitive construct - to teach", "*ʾetkem*": "direct object marker with 2nd masculine plural suffix - you", "*ḥuqqîm*": "masculine plural noun - statutes/decrees", "*û-mišpāṭîm*": "conjunction + masculine plural noun - and judgments/ordinances", "*la-ʿăśōtkem*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct with 2nd masculine plural suffix - for your doing", "*ʾōtām*": "direct object marker with 3rd masculine plural suffix - them", "*bā-ʾāreṣ*": "preposition + definite article + feminine noun - in the land", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*ʾattem*": "2nd masculine plural pronoun - you", "*ʿōbərîm*": "Qal participle masculine plural - crossing over", "*šāmmāh*": "adverb - there", "*lə-rištāh*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct with 3rd feminine singular suffix - to possess it" }, "variants": { "*ṣiwwāh*": "commanded/ordered/instructed", "*ʿēt*": "time/season/period", "*lammēd*": "teach/instruct/train", "*ḥuqqîm*": "statutes/decrees/laws", "*mišpāṭîm*": "judgments/ordinances/legal decisions", "*ʿăśōtkem*": "doing/performing/observing", "*ʾāreṣ*": "land/earth/territory", "*ʿōbərîm*": "crossing over/passing through", "*rištāh*": "possess it/inherit it/take ownership of it" } } 15 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.4.15", "source": "וְנִשְׁמַרְתֶּ֥ם מְאֹ֖ד לְנַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶ֑ם כִּ֣י לֹ֤א רְאִיתֶם֙ כָּל־תְּמוּנָ֔ה בְּי֗וֹם דִּבֶּ֨ר יְהוָ֧ה אֲלֵיכֶ֛ם בְּחֹרֵ֖ב מִתּ֥וֹךְ הָאֵֽשׁ׃", "text": "*wə-nišmartem məʾōd lə-napšōtêkem kî lōʾ rəʾîtem kol-təmûnāh bə-yôm dibber YHWH ʾălêkem bə-ḥōrēb mittôk hā-ʾēš*.", "grammar": { "*wə-nišmartem*": "conjunction + Niphal perfect, 2nd masculine plural - and you shall guard/watch", "*məʾōd*": "adverb - very/exceedingly/greatly", "*lə-napšōtêkem*": "preposition + feminine plural noun with 2nd masculine plural suffix - for your souls/selves", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*rəʾîtem*": "Qal perfect, 2nd masculine plural - you saw", "*kol-təmûnāh*": "construct chain: noun + feminine singular noun - any form/likeness", "*bə-yôm*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - in day/when", "*dibber*": "Piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - spoke", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*ʾălêkem*": "preposition with 2nd masculine plural suffix - to you", "*bə-ḥōrēb*": "preposition + proper noun - in Horeb", "*mittôk*": "preposition + masculine singular construct noun - from midst of", "*hā-ʾēš*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the fire" }, "variants": { "*nišmartem*": "guard yourselves/watch yourselves/take heed for yourselves", "*məʾōd*": "exceedingly/greatly/diligently/very", "*napšōtêkem*": "your souls/your lives/yourselves", "*təmûnāh*": "form/likeness/image/representation", "*yôm*": "day/time/when", "*dibber*": "spoke/talked/uttered", "*ḥōrēb*": "Horeb (alternative name for Mount Sinai)", "*tôk*": "midst/middle/among", "*ʾēš*": "fire/flame" } }
• Deut 5:4-9 : 4 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.5.4", "source": "פָּנִ֣ים ׀ בְּפָנִ֗ים דִּבֶּ֨ר יְהוָ֧ה עִמָּכֶ֛ם בָּהָ֖ר מִתּ֥וֹךְ הָאֵֽשׁ", "text": "*Pānîm* in-*pānîm* *dibber* *YHWH* with-you in-the-*hār* from-midst-of the-*ʾēš*", "grammar": { "*Pānîm*": "common noun, masculine plural - face/presence", "*dibber*": "Piel perfect 3ms - spoke", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name", "*hār*": "common noun, masculine singular - mountain", "*ʾēš*": "common noun, feminine singular - fire" }, "variants": { "*Pānîm*": "face/presence/person", "*dibber*": "spoke/declared/communicated", "*hār*": "mountain/hill" } } 5 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.5.5", "source": "אָ֠נֹכִי עֹמֵ֨ד בֵּין־יְהוָ֤ה וּבֵֽינֵיכֶם֙ בָּעֵ֣ת הַהִ֔וא לְהַגִּ֥יד לָכֶ֖ם אֶת־דְּבַ֣ר יְהוָ֑ה כִּ֤י יְרֵאתֶם֙ מִפְּנֵ֣י הָאֵ֔שׁ וְלֹֽא־עֲלִיתֶ֥ם בָּהָ֖ר לֵאמֹֽר", "text": "*ʾānōkî* *ʿōmēd* between-*YHWH* and-between-you in-the-*ʿēt* the-that to-*ləhaggîd* to-you *ʾet*-*dəbar* *YHWH* *kî* *yərēʾtem* from-*pənê* the-*ʾēš* and-not-*ʿălîtem* in-the-*hār* to-say", "grammar": { "*ʾānōkî*": "personal pronoun 1cs - I", "*ʿōmēd*": "Qal participle masculine singular - standing", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name", "*ʿēt*": "common noun, feminine singular - time", "*ləhaggîd*": "preposition + Hiphil infinitive construct - to tell/declare", "*dəbar*": "common noun, masculine singular construct - word of", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*yərēʾtem*": "Qal perfect 2mp - you feared", "*pənê*": "common noun, masculine plural construct - face of", "*ʾēš*": "common noun, feminine singular - fire", "*ʿălîtem*": "Qal perfect 2mp - you went up" }, "variants": { "*ʿōmēd*": "standing/positioned/mediating", "*ʿēt*": "time/occasion/period", "*ləhaggîd*": "to tell/to declare/to report", "*dəbar*": "word/message/command", "*yərēʾtem*": "you feared/you were afraid/you were in awe" } } 6 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.5.6", "source": "אָֽנֹכִי֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ אֲשֶׁ֧ר הוֹצֵאתִ֛יךָ מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרַ֖יִם מִבֵּ֣֥ית עֲבָדִ֑͏ֽים", "text": "*ʾānōkî* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêkā* who *hôṣēʾtîkā* from-*ʾereṣ* *Miṣrayim* from-*bêt* *ʿăbādîm*", "grammar": { "*ʾānōkî*": "personal pronoun 1cs - I", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name", "*ʾĕlōhêkā*": "common noun, masculine plural construct + 2ms suffix - your God", "*hôṣēʾtîkā*": "Hiphil perfect 1cs + 2ms suffix - I brought you out", "*ʾereṣ*": "common noun, feminine singular construct - land of", "*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*bêt*": "common noun, masculine singular construct - house of", "*ʿăbādîm*": "common noun, masculine plural - slaves/servants" }, "variants": { "*hôṣēʾtîkā*": "I brought you out/I led you out/I delivered you", "*ʾereṣ*": "land/country/territory", "*bêt*": "house/place/dwelling", "*ʿăbādîm*": "slaves/servants/bondage" } } 7 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.5.7", "source": "לֹ֣א יִהְיֶ֥ה־לְךָ֛֩ אֱלֹהִ֥֨ים אֲחֵרִ֖֜ים עַל־פָּנָֽ͏ַ֗י", "text": "Not *yihyeh*-to-you *ʾĕlōhîm* *ʾăḥērîm* on-*pānāy*", "grammar": { "*yihyeh*": "Qal imperfect 3ms - there will be", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "common noun, masculine plural - gods", "*ʾăḥērîm*": "adjective masculine plural - other", "*pānāy*": "common noun, masculine plural construct + 1cs suffix - my face" }, "variants": { "*yihyeh*": "there will be/shall be/exist", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "gods/deities/divine beings", "*ʾăḥērîm*": "other/different/foreign", "*pānāy*": "my face/my presence/before me" } } 8 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.5.8", "source": "לֹֽ֣א־תַעֲשֶֽׂ֙‪[t]‬ה־לְךָ֥֣ פֶ֣֙סֶל֙ ׀ כָּל־תְּמוּנָ֔֡ה אֲשֶׁ֤֣ר בַּשָּׁמַ֣֙יִם֙ ׀ מִמַּ֔֡עַל וַאֲשֶׁ֥ר֩ בָּאָ֖֨רֶץ מִתָּ֑֜חַת וַאֲשֶׁ֥ר בַּמַּ֖֣יִם ׀ מִתַּ֥֣חַת לָאָֽ֗רֶץ", "text": "Not-*taʿăśeh*-to-you *pesel* any-*təmûnāh* which in-the-*šāmayim* from-above and-which in-the-*ʾāreṣ* from-beneath and-which in-the-*mayim* from-beneath to-the-*ʾāreṣ*", "grammar": { "*taʿăśeh*": "Qal imperfect 2ms - you shall make", "*pesel*": "common noun, masculine singular - carved image/idol", "*təmûnāh*": "common noun, feminine singular - form/likeness", "*šāmayim*": "common noun, masculine plural - heavens", "*ʾāreṣ*": "common noun, feminine singular - earth/land", "*mayim*": "common noun, masculine plural - waters" }, "variants": { "*taʿăśeh*": "you shall make/you shall create/you shall fashion", "*pesel*": "carved image/idol/statue", "*təmûnāh*": "form/likeness/representation", "*šāmayim*": "heavens/sky/firmament", "*ʾāreṣ*": "earth/land/ground" } } 9 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.5.9", "source": "לֹא־תִשְׁתַּחֲוֶ֥֣ה לָהֶ֖ם֮ וְלֹ֣א תָעָבְדֵ֑ם֒ כִּ֣י אָנֹכִ֞י יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ אֵ֣ל קַנָּ֔א פֹּ֠קֵד עֲוֺ֨ן אָב֧וֹת עַל־בָּנִ֛ים וְעַל־שִׁלֵּשִׁ֥ים וְעַל־רִבֵּעִ֖ים לְשֹׂנְאָֽ֑י", "text": "Not-*tištaḥăweh* to-them and-not *tāʿobdēm* *kî* *ʾānōkî* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêkā* *ʾēl* *qannāʾ* *pōqēd* *ʿăwōn* *ʾābôt* upon-*bānîm* and-upon-*šillēšîm* and-upon-*ribbēʿîm* to-*śōnəʾāy*", "grammar": { "*tištaḥăweh*": "Hishtaphel imperfect 2ms - you shall bow down", "*tāʿobdēm*": "Qal imperfect 2ms + 3mp suffix - you shall serve them", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ʾānōkî*": "personal pronoun 1cs - I", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name", "*ʾĕlōhêkā*": "common noun, masculine plural construct + 2ms suffix - your God", "*ʾēl*": "common noun, masculine singular - God/deity", "*qannāʾ*": "adjective masculine singular - jealous", "*pōqēd*": "Qal participle masculine singular - visiting", "*ʿăwōn*": "common noun, masculine singular construct - iniquity of", "*ʾābôt*": "common noun, masculine plural - fathers", "*bānîm*": "common noun, masculine plural - children/sons", "*šillēšîm*": "common noun, masculine plural - third generation", "*ribbēʿîm*": "common noun, masculine plural - fourth generation", "*śōnəʾāy*": "Qal participle masculine plural construct + 1cs suffix - those hating me" }, "variants": { "*tištaḥăweh*": "you shall bow down/you shall prostrate yourself/you shall worship", "*tāʿobdēm*": "you shall serve them/you shall worship them/you shall be enslaved to them", "*ʾēl*": "God/deity/divine being", "*qannāʾ*": "jealous/zealous/passionate", "*pōqēd*": "visiting/punishing/attending to", "*ʿăwōn*": "iniquity/guilt/punishment", "*śōnəʾāy*": "those hating me/my enemies/those rejecting me" } } 10 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.5.10", "source": "וְעֹ֥֤שֶׂה חֶ֖֙סֶד֙ לֽ͏ַאֲלָפִ֑֔ים לְאֹהֲבַ֖י וּלְשֹׁמְרֵ֥י *מצותו **מִצְוֺתָֽי", "text": "And-*ʿōśeh* *ḥesed* to-*ʾălāpîm* to-*ʾōhăbay* and-to-*šōmərê* *miṣwōtāy*", "grammar": { "*ʿōśeh*": "Qal participle masculine singular - showing/doing", "*ḥesed*": "common noun, masculine singular - lovingkindness", "*ʾălāpîm*": "common noun, masculine plural - thousands", "*ʾōhăbay*": "Qal participle masculine plural construct + 1cs suffix - those loving me", "*šōmərê*": "Qal participle masculine plural construct - keepers of", "*miṣwōtāy*": "common noun, feminine plural construct + 1cs suffix - my commandments" }, "variants": { "*ʿōśeh*": "showing/doing/performing", "*ḥesed*": "lovingkindness/steadfast love/covenant faithfulness/mercy", "*ʾōhăbay*": "those loving me/those devoted to me", "*šōmərê*": "keepers of/those who observe/those who maintain" } } 11 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.5.11", "source": "לֹ֥א תִשָּׂ֛א אֶת־שֵֽׁם־יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ לַשָּׁ֑וְא כִּ֣י לֹ֤א יְנַקֶּה֙ יְהוָ֔ה אֵ֛ת אֲשֶׁר־יִשָּׂ֥א אֶת־שְׁמ֖וֹ לַשָּֽׁוְא", "text": "Not *tiśśāʾ* *ʾet*-*šēm*-*YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêkā* to-the-*šāwʾ* *kî* not *yənaqqeh* *YHWH* *ʾēt* who-*yiśśāʾ* *ʾet*-name-his to-the-*šāwʾ*", "grammar": { "*tiśśāʾ*": "Qal imperfect 2ms - you shall lift/take", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*šēm*": "common noun, masculine singular construct - name of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name", "*ʾĕlōhêkā*": "common noun, masculine plural construct + 2ms suffix - your God", "*šāwʾ*": "common noun, masculine singular - emptiness/falsehood", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*yənaqqeh*": "Piel imperfect 3ms - he will leave unpunished", "*yiśśāʾ*": "Qal imperfect 3ms - he will lift/take" }, "variants": { "*tiśśāʾ*": "you shall lift/you shall take/you shall bear/you shall utter", "*šēm*": "name/reputation/character", "*šāwʾ*": "emptiness/falsehood/vanity/worthlessness", "*yənaqqeh*": "he will leave unpunished/he will acquit/he will clear" } } 12 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.5.12", "source": "שָׁמ֛֣וֹר אֶת־י֥וֹם֩ הַשַׁבָּ֖֨ת לְקַדְּשׁ֑֜וֹ כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוְּךָ֖֣ ׀ יְהוָ֥֣ה אֱלֹהֶֽ֗יךָ", "text": "*Šāmôr* *ʾet*-*yôm* the-*šabbāt* to-*qaddəšô* as-which *ṣiwwəkā* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêkā*", "grammar": { "*Šāmôr*": "Qal infinitive absolute - observe/keep", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*yôm*": "common noun, masculine singular construct - day of", "*šabbāt*": "common noun, masculine singular - sabbath", "*qaddəšô*": "Piel infinitive construct + 3ms suffix - to sanctify it", "*ṣiwwəkā*": "Piel perfect 3ms + 2ms suffix - he commanded you", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name", "*ʾĕlōhêkā*": "common noun, masculine plural construct + 2ms suffix - your God" }, "variants": { "*Šāmôr*": "observe/keep/guard", "*šabbāt*": "sabbath/rest", "*qaddəšô*": "to sanctify it/to set it apart/to treat it as holy", "*ṣiwwəkā*": "he commanded you/he ordered you/he instructed you" } } 13 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.5.13", "source": "שֵׁ֣֤‪[c]‬שֶׁת יָמִ֣ים‪[t]‬ תּֽ͏ַעֲבֹ֔ד֮ וְעָשִׂ֖֣יתָ כָּֿל־מְלַאכְתֶּֽךָ֒", "text": "Six *yāmîm* *taʿăbōd* and-*wəʿāśîtā* all-*məlaʾktekā*", "grammar": { "*yāmîm*": "common noun, masculine plural - days", "*taʿăbōd*": "Qal imperfect 2ms - you shall work", "*wəʿāśîtā*": "waw conjunctive + Qal perfect 2ms - and you shall do", "*məlaʾktekā*": "common noun, feminine singular construct + 2ms suffix - your work" }, "variants": { "*taʿăbōd*": "you shall work/you shall labor/you shall serve", "*wəʿāśîtā*": "and you shall do/and you shall perform/and you shall accomplish", "*məlaʾktekā*": "your work/your labor/your occupation" } } 14 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.5.14", "source": "וְי֨וֹם֙ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֔֜י שַׁבָּ֖֣ת ׀ לַיהוָ֣֥‪[c]‬ה אֱלֹהֶ֑֗יךָ לֹ֣א תַעֲשֶׂ֣ה כָל־מְלָאכָ֡ה אַתָּ֣ה וּבִנְךָֽ־וּבִתֶּ֣ךָ וְעַבְדְּךָֽ־וַ֠אֲמָתֶךָ וְשׁוֹרְךָ֨ וַחֲמֹֽרְךָ֜ וְכָל־בְּהֶמְתֶּ֗ךָ וְגֵֽרְךָ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בִּשְׁעָרֶ֔יךָ לְמַ֗עַן יָנ֛וּחַ עַבְדְּךָ֥ וַאֲמָתְךָ֖ כָּמֽ֑וֹךָ", "text": "And-*yôm* the-seventh *šabbāt* to-*YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêkā* not *taʿăśeh* any-*məlāʾkāh* you and-son-of-you and-daughter-of-you and-servant-of-you and-maidservant-of-you and-ox-of-you and-donkey-of-you and-all-cattle-of-you and-*gēr*-of-you who in-gates-of-you so-that *yānûaḥ* servant-of-you and-maidservant-of-you like-you", "grammar": { "*yôm*": "common noun, masculine singular - day", "*šabbāt*": "common noun, masculine singular - sabbath", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name", "*ʾĕlōhêkā*": "common noun, masculine plural construct + 2ms suffix - your God", "*taʿăśeh*": "Qal imperfect 2ms - you shall do", "*məlāʾkāh*": "common noun, feminine singular - work", "*gēr*": "common noun, masculine singular construct - sojourner of", "*yānûaḥ*": "Qal imperfect 3ms - he may rest" }, "variants": { "*šabbāt*": "sabbath/rest", "*taʿăśeh*": "you shall do/you shall perform/you shall accomplish", "*məlāʾkāh*": "work/labor/occupation", "*gēr*": "sojourner/stranger/foreigner/resident alien", "*yānûaḥ*": "he may rest/he may be refreshed" } } 15 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.5.15", "source": "וְזָכַרְתָּ֗֞ כִּ֣י־עֶ֤֥בֶד הָיִ֣֙יתָ֙ ׀ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔֗יִם וַיֹּצִ֨אֲךָ֜֩ יְהוָ֤֨ה אֱלֹהֶ֤֙יךָ֙ מִשָּׁ֔ם֙ בְּיָ֥֤ד חֲזָקָ֖ה֙ וּבִזְרֹ֣עַ נְטוּיָ֑֔ה עַל־כֵּ֗ן צִוְּךָ֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ לַעֲשׂ֖וֹת אֶת־י֥וֹם הַשַׁבָּֽת", "text": "And-*wəzākartā* *kî*-*ʿebed* *hāyîtā* in-*ʾereṣ* *Miṣrayim* and-*wayyōṣiʾăkā* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêkā* from-there in-*yād* *ḥăzāqāh* and-in-*zərōaʿ* *nəṭûyāh* on-thus *ṣiwwəkā* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêkā* to-*laʿăśôt* *ʾet*-*yôm* the-*šabbāt*", "grammar": { "*wəzākartā*": "waw conjunctive + Qal perfect 2ms - and you shall remember", "*kî*": "conjunction - that/for", "*ʿebed*": "common noun, masculine singular - slave/servant", "*hāyîtā*": "Qal perfect 2ms - you were", "*ʾereṣ*": "common noun, feminine singular construct - land of", "*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*wayyōṣiʾăkā*": "waw consecutive + Hiphil imperfect 3ms + 2ms suffix - and he brought you out", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name", "*ʾĕlōhêkā*": "common noun, masculine plural construct + 2ms suffix - your God", "*yād*": "common noun, feminine singular - hand", "*ḥăzāqāh*": "adjective feminine singular - strong", "*zərōaʿ*": "common noun, feminine singular - arm", "*nəṭûyāh*": "Qal passive participle feminine singular - outstretched", "*ṣiwwəkā*": "Piel perfect 3ms + 2ms suffix - he commanded you", "*laʿăśôt*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to observe", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*yôm*": "common noun, masculine singular construct - day of", "*šabbāt*": "common noun, masculine singular - sabbath" }, "variants": { "*wəzākartā*": "and you shall remember/and you shall recall/and you shall be mindful", "*ʿebed*": "slave/servant/bondservant", "*wayyōṣiʾăkā*": "and he brought you out/and he delivered you/and he rescued you", "*ḥăzāqāh*": "strong/mighty/powerful", "*nəṭûyāh*": "outstretched/extended", "*laʿăśôt*": "to observe/to keep/to do" } } 16 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.5.16", "source": "כַּבֵּ֤ד אֶת־אָבִ֙יךָ֙ וְאֶת־אִמֶּ֔ךָ כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוְּךָ֖ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֑יךָ לְמַ֣עַן ׀ יַאֲרִיכֻ֣ן יָמֶ֗יךָ וּלְמַ֙עַן֙ יִ֣יטַב לָ֔ךְ עַ֚ל הָֽאֲדָמָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ נֹתֵ֥ן לָֽךְ", "text": "*Kabbēd* *ʾet*-father-of-you and-*ʾet*-mother-of-you as-which *ṣiwwəkā* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêkā* so-that *yaʾărîkun* *yāmêkā* and-so-that *yîṭab* to-you upon the-*ʾădāmāh* which-*YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêkā* *nōtēn* to-you", "grammar": { "*Kabbēd*": "Piel imperative 2ms - honor", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ṣiwwəkā*": "Piel perfect 3ms + 2ms suffix - he commanded you", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name", "*ʾĕlōhêkā*": "common noun, masculine plural construct + 2ms suffix - your God", "*yaʾărîkun*": "Hiphil imperfect 3mp - they may be long", "*yāmêkā*": "common noun, masculine plural construct + 2ms suffix - your days", "*yîṭab*": "Qal imperfect 3ms - it may go well", "*ʾădāmāh*": "common noun, feminine singular - ground/land", "*nōtēn*": "Qal participle masculine singular - giving" }, "variants": { "*Kabbēd*": "honor/respect/give weight to", "*yaʾărîkun*": "they may be long/they may be prolonged/they may continue", "*yîṭab*": "it may go well/it may be good/it may be pleasant", "*ʾădāmāh*": "ground/land/soil/earth", "*nōtēn*": "giving/granting/bestowing" } } 17 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.5.17", "source": "לֹ֥֖א תִּֿרְצָ֖‪[c]‬ח", "text": "Not *tirṣāḥ*", "grammar": { "*tirṣāḥ*": "Qal imperfect 2ms - you shall murder" }, "variants": { "*tirṣāḥ*": "you shall murder/you shall kill wrongfully/you shall slay intentionally" } } 18 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.5.18", "source": "וְלֹ֣֖א תִּֿנְאָֽ֑‪[c]‬ף", "text": "And-not *tinʾāp*", "grammar": { "*tinʾāp*": "Qal imperfect 2ms - you shall commit adultery" }, "variants": { "*tinʾāp*": "you shall commit adultery/you shall be sexually unfaithful" } } 19 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.5.19", "source": "וְלֹ֣֖א תִּֿגְנֹֽ֔ב", "text": "And-not *tignōb*", "grammar": { "*tignōb*": "Qal imperfect 2ms - you shall steal" }, "variants": { "*tignōb*": "you shall steal/you shall take wrongfully" } } 20 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.5.20", "source": "וְלֹֽא־תַעֲנֶ֥ה בְרֵֽעֲךָ֖ עֵ֥ד שָֽׁוְא", "text": "And-not-*taʿăneh* against-neighbor-of-you *ʿēd* *šāwʾ*", "grammar": { "*taʿăneh*": "Qal imperfect 2ms - you shall testify", "*ʿēd*": "common noun, masculine singular - witness", "*šāwʾ*": "common noun, masculine singular - emptiness/falsehood" }, "variants": { "*taʿăneh*": "you shall testify/you shall answer/you shall respond", "*ʿēd*": "witness/testimony", "*šāwʾ*": "emptiness/falsehood/vanity/worthlessness" } } 21 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.5.21", "source": "וְלֹ֥א תַחְמֹ֖ד אֵ֣שֶׁת רֵעֶ֑ךָ ס וְלֹ֨א תִתְאַוֶּ֜ה בֵּ֣ית רֵעֶ֗ךָ שָׂדֵ֜הוּ וְעַבְדּ֤וֹ וַאֲמָתוֹ֙ שׁוֹר֣וֹ וַחֲמֹר֔וֹ וְכֹ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר לְרֵעֶֽךָ", "text": "And-not *taḥmōd* *ʾēšet* neighbor-of-you and-not *titʾawweh* *bêt* neighbor-of-you field-his and-servant-his and-maidservant-his ox-his and-donkey-his and-all which to-neighbor-of-you", "grammar": { "*taḥmōd*": "Qal imperfect 2ms - you shall covet", "*ʾēšet*": "common noun, feminine singular construct - wife of", "*titʾawweh*": "Hithpael imperfect 2ms - you shall desire", "*bêt*": "common noun, masculine singular construct - house of" }, "variants": { "*taḥmōd*": "you shall covet/you shall lust after/you shall wrongfully desire", "*ʾēšet*": "wife/woman", "*titʾawweh*": "you shall desire/you shall crave/you shall lust after", "*bêt*": "house/household/dwelling" } } 22 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.5.22", "source": "אֶֽת־הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֡לֶּה דִּבֶּר֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֶל־כָּל־קְהַלְכֶ֜ם בָּהָ֗ר מִתּ֤וֹךְ הָאֵשׁ֙ הֶֽעָנָ֣ן וְהָֽעֲרָפֶ֔ל ק֥וֹל גָּד֖וֹל וְלֹ֣א יָסָ֑ף וַֽיִּכְתְּבֵ֗ם עַל־שְׁנֵי֙ לֻחֹ֣ת אֲבָנִ֔ים וַֽיִּתְּנֵ֖ם אֵלָֽי", "text": "*ʾEt*-the-*dəbārîm* the-these *dibber* *YHWH* to-all-assembly-of-you in-the-*hār* from-midst-of the-*ʾēš* the-*ʿānān* and-the-*ʿărāpel* *qôl* *gādôl* and-not *yāsāp* and-*wayyiktəbēm* on-two *luḥōt* *ʾăbānîm* and-*wayyitənēm* to-me", "grammar": { "*ʾEt*": "direct object marker", "*dəbārîm*": "common noun, masculine plural - words", "*dibber*": "Piel perfect 3ms - spoke", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name", "*hār*": "common noun, masculine singular - mountain", "*ʾēš*": "common noun, feminine singular - fire", "*ʿānān*": "common noun, masculine singular - cloud", "*ʿărāpel*": "common noun, masculine singular - thick darkness", "*qôl*": "common noun, masculine singular - voice", "*gādôl*": "adjective masculine singular - great", "*yāsāp*": "Qal perfect 3ms - he added", "*wayyiktəbēm*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3ms + 3mp suffix - and he wrote them", "*luḥōt*": "common noun, masculine plural construct - tablets of", "*ʾăbānîm*": "common noun, feminine plural - stones", "*wayyitənēm*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3ms + 3mp suffix - and he gave them" }, "variants": { "*dəbārîm*": "words/matters/things", "*dibber*": "spoke/declared/uttered", "*ʿānān*": "cloud/mass of cloud", "*ʿărāpel*": "thick darkness/gloom/deep cloud", "*qôl*": "voice/sound/noise", "*yāsāp*": "he added/he continued/he did again", "*luḥōt*": "tablets/panels" } } 23 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.5.23", "source": "וַיְהִ֗י כְּשָׁמְעֲכֶ֤ם אֶת־הַקּוֹל֙ מִתּ֣וֹךְ הַחֹ֔שֶׁךְ וְהָהָ֖ר בֹּעֵ֣ר בָּאֵ֑שׁ וַתִּקְרְב֣וּן אֵלַ֔י כָּל־רָאשֵׁ֥י שִׁבְטֵיכֶ֖ם וְזִקְנֵיכֶֽם", "text": "And-*wayəhî* when-hearing-of-you *ʾet*-the-*qôl* from-midst-of the-*ḥōšek* and-the-*hār* *bōʿēr* in-the-*ʾēš* and-*wattiqrəbûn* to-me all-heads-of tribes-of-you and-elders-of-you", "grammar": { "*wayəhî*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3ms - and it happened", "*qôl*": "common noun, masculine singular - voice", "*ḥōšek*": "common noun, masculine singular - darkness", "*hār*": "common noun, masculine singular - mountain", "*bōʿēr*": "Qal participle masculine singular - burning", "*ʾēš*": "common noun, feminine singular - fire", "*wattiqrəbûn*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 2mp + paragogic nun - and you approached" }, "variants": { "*wayəhî*": "and it happened/and it came to pass", "*qôl*": "voice/sound/noise", "*ḥōšek*": "darkness/obscurity", "*bōʿēr*": "burning/being ablaze", "*wattiqrəbûn*": "and you approached/and you came near/and you drew near" } } 24 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.5.24", "source": "וַתֹּאמְר֗וּ הֵ֣ן הֶרְאָ֜נוּ יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֵ֙ינוּ֙ אֶת־כְּבֹד֣וֹ וְאֶת־גָּדְל֔וֹ וְאֶת־קֹל֥וֹ שָׁמַ֖עְנוּ מִתּ֣וֹךְ הָאֵ֑שׁ הַיּ֤וֹם הַזֶּה֙ רָאִ֔ינוּ כִּֽי־יְדַבֵּ֧ר אֱלֹהִ֛ים אֶת־הָֽאָדָ֖ם וָחָֽי", "text": "And-*wattōʾmərû* behold *herʾānû* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhênû* *ʾet*-glory-his and-*ʾet*-greatness-his and-*ʾet*-voice-his *šāmaʿnû* from-midst-of the-*ʾēš* the-*yôm* the-this *rāʾînû* *kî*-*yədabbēr* *ʾĕlōhîm* *ʾet*-the-*ʾādām* and-*wāḥāy*", "grammar": { "*wattōʾmərû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 2mp - and you said", "*herʾānû*": "Hiphil perfect 3ms + 1cp suffix - he has shown us", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name", "*ʾĕlōhênû*": "common noun, masculine plural construct + 1cp suffix - our God", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*šāmaʿnû*": "Qal perfect 1cp - we have heard", "*ʾēš*": "common noun, feminine singular - fire", "*yôm*": "common noun, masculine singular - day", "*rāʾînû*": "Qal perfect 1cp - we have seen", "*kî*": "conjunction - that", "*yədabbēr*": "Piel imperfect 3ms - he speaks", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "common noun, masculine plural - God", "*ʾādām*": "common noun, masculine singular - man/mankind", "*wāḥāy*": "waw conjunctive + Qal perfect 3ms - and he lives" }, "variants": { "*herʾānû*": "he has shown us/he has displayed to us/he has revealed to us", "*šāmaʿnû*": "we have heard/we have listened to", "*rāʾînû*": "we have seen/we have observed/we have witnessed", "*yədabbēr*": "he speaks/he talks/he communicates", "*ʾādām*": "man/mankind/human", "*wāḥāy*": "and he lives/and he survives/and he remains alive" } } 25 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.5.25", "source": "וְעַתָּה֙ לָ֣מָּה נָמ֔וּת כִּ֣י תֹֽאכְלֵ֔נוּ הָאֵ֥שׁ הַגְּדֹלָ֖ה הַזֹּ֑את אִם־יֹסְפִ֣ים ׀ אֲנַ֗חְנוּ לִ֠שְׁמֹעַ אֶת־ק֨וֹל יְהוָ֧ה אֱלֹהֵ֛ינוּ ע֖וֹד וָמָֽתְנוּ", "text": "And-now why *nāmût* *kî* *tōʾklēnû* the-*ʾēš* the-*gədōlāh* the-this if-*yōsəpîm* *ʾănaḥnû* to-*lišmōaʿ* *ʾet*-*qôl* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhênû* again and-*wāmātnû*", "grammar": { "*nāmût*": "Qal imperfect 1cp - we will die", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*tōʾklēnû*": "Qal imperfect 3fs + 1cp suffix - it will consume us", "*ʾēš*": "common noun, feminine singular - fire", "*gədōlāh*": "adjective feminine singular - great", "*yōsəpîm*": "Qal active participle masculine plural - continuing", "*ʾănaḥnû*": "personal pronoun 1cp - we", "*lišmōaʿ*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to hear", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*qôl*": "common noun, masculine singular construct - voice of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name", "*ʾĕlōhênû*": "common noun, masculine plural construct + 1cp suffix - our God", "*wāmātnû*": "waw conjunctive + Qal perfect 1cp - and we will die" }, "variants": { "*nāmût*": "we will die/we will perish", "*tōʾklēnû*": "it will consume us/it will devour us/it will destroy us", "*gədōlāh*": "great/large/intense", "*yōsəpîm*": "continuing/adding/doing again", "*lišmōaʿ*": "to hear/to listen to/to obey" } } 26 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.5.26", "source": "כִּ֣י מִ֣י כָל־בָּשָׂ֡ר אֲשֶׁ֣ר שָׁמַ֣ע קוֹל֩ אֱלֹהִ֨ים חַיִּ֜ים מְדַבֵּ֧ר מִתּוֹךְ־הָאֵ֛שׁ כָּמֹ֖נוּ וַיֶּֽחִי", "text": "*Kî* who all-*bāśār* who *šāmaʿ* *qôl* *ʾĕlōhîm* *ḥayyîm* *mədabbēr* from-midst-of-the-*ʾēš* like-us and-*wayyeḥî*", "grammar": { "*Kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*bāśār*": "common noun, masculine singular - flesh", "*šāmaʿ*": "Qal perfect 3ms - heard", "*qôl*": "common noun, masculine singular construct - voice of", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "common noun, masculine plural - God", "*ḥayyîm*": "adjective masculine plural - living", "*mədabbēr*": "Piel participle masculine singular - speaking", "*ʾēš*": "common noun, feminine singular - fire", "*wayyeḥî*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3ms - and lived" }, "variants": { "*bāśār*": "flesh/body/mankind", "*šāmaʿ*": "heard/listened to/heeded", "*ḥayyîm*": "living/alive", "*mədabbēr*": "speaking/talking/declaring", "*wayyeḥî*": "and lived/and survived/and remained alive" } }
• Exod 19:17-18 : 17 { "verseID": "Exodus.19.17", "source": "וַיּוֹצֵ֨א מֹשֶׁ֧ה אֶת־הָעָ֛ם לִקְרַ֥את הָֽאֱלֹהִ֖ים מִן־הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֑ה וַיִּֽתְיַצְּב֖וּ בְּתַחְתִּ֥ית הָהָֽר׃", "text": "*wə-yôṣēʾ* *mōšeh* *ʾet*-the *ʿām* to *liqraʾt* the *ʾĕlōhîm* from the *maḥăneh* *wə-yityaṣṣəbû* in *taḥtît* the *hār*.", "grammar": { "*wə-yôṣēʾ*": "conjunction + verb, hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he brought out", "*mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the people", "*liqraʾt*": "preposition + verb, qal infinitive construct - to meet", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural (with definite article) - God/the gods", "*maḥăneh*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the camp", "*wə-yityaṣṣəbû*": "conjunction + verb, hithpael imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they stationed themselves", "*taḥtît*": "noun, feminine singular construct - lower part/foot of", "*hār*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the mountain" }, "variants": { "*liqraʾt*": "to meet/to encounter", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/divine being", "*taḥtît*": "foot/base/lower part" } } 18 { "verseID": "Exodus.19.18", "source": "וְהַ֤ר סִינַי֙ עָשַׁ֣ן כֻּלּ֔וֹ מִ֠פְּנֵי אֲשֶׁ֨ר יָרַ֥ד עָלָ֛יו יְהוָ֖ה בָּאֵ֑שׁ וַיַּ֤עַל עֲשָׁנוֹ֙ כְּעֶ֣שֶׁן הַכִּבְשָׁ֔ן וַיֶּחֱרַ֥ד כָּל־הָהָ֖ר מְאֹֽד׃", "text": "And *har* *sînay* *ʿāšan* all of it from *mippənê* *ʾăšer* *yārad* upon it *YHWH* in the *ʾēš* *wə-yaʿal* *ʿăšānô* like *ʿešen* the *kibšān* *wə-yeḥĕrad* all the *hār* greatly.", "grammar": { "*har*": "noun, masculine singular construct - mountain of", "*sînay*": "proper noun - Sinai", "*ʿāšan*": "verb, qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - smoked", "*mippənê*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct - from the presence of", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - that/which", "*yārad*": "verb, qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - descended/came down", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name (Yahweh/Jehovah)", "*ʾēš*": "noun, feminine singular (with definite article) - the fire", "*wə-yaʿal*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and went up", "*ʿăšānô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - its smoke", "*ʿešen*": "noun, masculine singular construct - smoke of", "*kibšān*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the furnace", "*wə-yeḥĕrad*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and trembled", "*hār*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the mountain" }, "variants": { "*ʿāšan*": "smoked/was smoking", "*mippənê*": "from the presence of/because of", "*kibšān*": "furnace/kiln/smelting furnace" } }
• Exod 20:1-9 : 1 { "verseID": "Exodus.20.1", "source": "וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר אֱלֹהִ֔ים אֵ֛ת כָּל־הַדְּבָרִ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה לֵאמֹֽר׃", "text": "*wə-yəḏabbēr ʾĕlōhîm* *ʾēṯ* all-*had-dəḇārîm hāʾēlleh lēʾmōr*", "grammar": { "*wə-yəḏabbēr*": "waw-consecutive + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and spoke", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun with singular meaning - God", "*ʾēṯ*": "direct object marker", "*had-dəḇārîm*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the words/things", "*hāʾēlleh*": "demonstrative adjective, plural - these", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + infinitive construct - to say" }, "variants": { "*wə-yəḏabbēr*": "and he spoke/was speaking/began to speak", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/divine beings (morphologically plural but typically functions as singular)", "*dəḇārîm*": "words/things/matters/commands", "*lēʾmōr*": "saying/as follows (formulaic introduction to direct speech)" } } 2 { "verseID": "Exodus.20.2", "source": "אָֽנֹכִ֖י֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֑֔יךָ אֲשֶׁ֧ר הוֹצֵאתִ֛יךָ מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרַ֖יִם מִבֵּ֣֥ית עֲבָדִ֑͏ֽים׃", "text": "*ʾānōḵî YHWH ʾĕlōheḵā ʾăsher hôṣēʾṯîḵā mē-ʾereṣ miṣrayim mib-bêṯ ʿăḇāḏîm*", "grammar": { "*ʾānōḵî*": "1st person singular pronoun - I", "*YHWH*": "proper name - LORD/YHWH", "*ʾĕlōheḵā*": "masculine plural noun construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your God", "*ʾăsher*": "relative pronoun - who/that", "*hôṣēʾṯîḵā*": "hiphil perfect, 1st singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - I brought you out", "*mē-ʾereṣ*": "preposition + noun construct - from land of", "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*mib-bêṯ*": "preposition + noun construct - from house of", "*ʿăḇāḏîm*": "masculine plural noun - slaves/servants" }, "variants": { "*ʾānōḵî*": "I (emphatic form)", "*YHWH*": "Yahweh/LORD/the Eternal", "*ʾĕlōheḵā*": "your God/your deity", "*hôṣēʾṯîḵā*": "I brought you out/rescued you/delivered you", "*bêṯ ʿăḇāḏîm*": "house of slaves/place of servitude/bondage" } } 3 { "verseID": "Exodus.20.3", "source": "לֹֽ֣א יִהְיֶֽה־לְךָ֛֩ אֱלֹהִ֥֨ים אֲחֵרִ֖֜ים עַל־פָּנָֽ͏ַ֗י", "text": "*lōʾ yihyeh-ləḵā ʾĕlōhîm ʾăḥērîm ʿal-pānāy*", "grammar": { "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yihyeh-ləḵā*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular + preposition with 2nd masculine singular suffix - there shall be to you", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun - gods", "*ʾăḥērîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - other", "*ʿal-pānāy*": "preposition + noun construct with 1st singular suffix - before my face/presence" }, "variants": { "*lōʾ yihyeh-ləḵā*": "you shall not have/there shall not be to you", "*ʾĕlōhîm ʾăḥērîm*": "other gods/foreign deities", "*ʿal-pānāy*": "before me/in my presence/in preference to me/against my face" } } 4 { "verseID": "Exodus.20.4", "source": "לֹֽ֣א תֽ͏ַעֲשֶׂ֨ה־לְךָ֥֣ פֶ֣֙סֶל֙ ׀ וְכָל־תְּמוּנָ֡֔ה אֲשֶׁ֤֣ר בַּשָּׁמַ֣֙יִם֙ ׀ מִמַּ֡֔עַל וֽ͏ַאֲשֶׁ֥ר֩ בָּאָ֖֨רֶץ מִתָּ֑͏ַ֜חַת וַאֲשֶׁ֥֣ר בַּמַּ֖֣יִם ׀ מִתַּ֥֣חַת לָאָֽ֗רֶץ", "text": "*lōʾ ṯaʿăśeh-ləḵā pesel* and-all-*təmûnāh ʾăsher bash-shāmayim* from-*mimmaʿal wa-ʾăsher bā-ʾāreṣ mit-tāḥaṯ wa-ʾăsher bam-mayim* from-*mittaḥaṯ lā-ʾāreṣ*", "grammar": { "*lōʾ ṯaʿăśeh*": "negative particle + qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you shall not make", "*ləḵā*": "preposition with 2nd masculine singular suffix - for yourself", "*pesel*": "masculine singular noun - carved image/idol", "*təmûnāh*": "feminine singular noun - likeness/form/representation", "*ʾăsher*": "relative pronoun - that/which", "*bash-shāmayim*": "preposition + definite article + masculine plural noun - in the heavens", "*mimmaʿal*": "preposition + adverb - from above", "*bā-ʾāreṣ*": "preposition + definite article + feminine singular noun - in the earth", "*mit-tāḥaṯ*": "preposition + adverb - from below", "*bam-mayim*": "preposition + definite article + masculine plural noun - in the waters", "*lā-ʾāreṣ*": "preposition + definite article + feminine singular noun - to the earth" }, "variants": { "*pesel*": "carved image/idol/statue", "*təmûnāh*": "form/likeness/representation/semblance", "*mimmaʿal*": "above/overhead", "*mit-tāḥaṯ*": "beneath/below" } } 5 { "verseID": "Exodus.20.5", "source": "לֹֽא־תִשְׁתַּחְוֶ֥֣ה לָהֶ֖ם֮ וְלֹ֣א תָעָבְדֵ֑ם֒ כִּ֣י אֽ͏ָנֹכִ֞י יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ אֵ֣ל קַנָּ֔א פֹּ֠קֵד עֲוֺ֨ן אָבֹ֧ת עַל־בָּנִ֛ים עַל־שִׁלֵּשִׁ֥ים וְעַל־רִבֵּעִ֖ים לְשֹׂנְאָֽ֑י׃", "text": "*lōʾ-ṯishtaḥăweh lāhem wə-lōʾ ṯāʿāḇəḏēm kî ʾānōḵî YHWH ʾĕlōheḵā ʾēl qannāʾ pōqēḏ ʿăwōn ʾāḇōṯ ʿal-bānîm ʿal-shillēshîm wə-ʿal-ribēʿîm lə-śōnəʾāy*", "grammar": { "*lōʾ-ṯishtaḥăweh*": "negative particle + hishtaphel imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you shall not bow down", "*lāhem*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - to them", "*wə-lōʾ ṯāʿāḇəḏēm*": "conjunction + negative particle + qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - and you shall not serve them", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ʾānōḵî*": "1st person singular pronoun - I", "*YHWH*": "proper name - LORD/YHWH", "*ʾĕlōheḵā*": "masculine plural noun construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your God", "*ʾēl qannāʾ*": "masculine singular noun + adjective - jealous God", "*pōqēḏ*": "qal participle, masculine singular - visiting/punishing", "*ʿăwōn*": "masculine singular construct - iniquity of", "*ʾāḇōṯ*": "masculine plural noun - fathers", "*ʿal-bānîm*": "preposition + masculine plural noun - upon children", "*ʿal-shillēshîm*": "preposition + masculine plural ordinal - upon third [generation]", "*wə-ʿal-ribēʿîm*": "conjunction + preposition + masculine plural ordinal - and upon fourth [generation]", "*lə-śōnəʾāy*": "preposition + qal participle plural construct with 1st singular suffix - to those hating me" }, "variants": { "*ṯishtaḥăweh*": "bow down/prostrate yourself/worship", "*ṯāʿāḇəḏēm*": "serve them/worship them/be enslaved to them", "*ʾēl qannāʾ*": "jealous God/zealous God/passionate God", "*pōqēḏ*": "visiting/punishing/attending to", "*ʿăwōn*": "iniquity/guilt/punishment", "*lə-śōnəʾāy*": "to those who hate me/to my enemies" } } 6 { "verseID": "Exodus.20.6", "source": "וְעֹ֥֤שֶׂה חֶ֖֙סֶד֙ לַאֲלָפִ֑֔ים לְאֹהֲבַ֖י וּלְשֹׁמְרֵ֥י מִצְוֺתָֽי׃", "text": "*wə-ʿōśeh ḥeseḏ la-ʾălāp̄îm lə-ʾōhăḇay û-lə-shōmərê miṣwōṯāy*", "grammar": { "*wə-ʿōśeh*": "conjunction + qal participle, masculine singular - and showing/doing", "*ḥeseḏ*": "masculine singular noun - steadfast love/mercy", "*la-ʾălāp̄îm*": "preposition + masculine plural noun - to thousands", "*lə-ʾōhăḇay*": "preposition + qal participle plural construct with 1st singular suffix - to those loving me", "*û-lə-shōmərê*": "conjunction + preposition + qal participle masculine plural construct - and to keepers of", "*miṣwōṯāy*": "feminine plural noun with 1st singular suffix - my commandments" }, "variants": { "*ḥeseḏ*": "steadfast love/covenant faithfulness/mercy/loyalty", "*la-ʾălāp̄îm*": "to thousands [of generations]/to innumerable ones", "*ʾōhăḇay*": "those who love me/my lovers/my friends", "*shōmərê*": "keepers/observers/those who guard" } } 7 { "verseID": "Exodus.20.7", "source": "לֹ֥א תִשָּׂ֛א אֶת־שֵֽׁם־יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ לַשָּׁ֑וְא כִּ֣י לֹ֤א יְנַקֶּה֙ יְהוָ֔ה אֵ֛ת אֲשֶׁר־יִשָּׂ֥א אֶת־שְׁמ֖וֹ לַשָּֽׁוְא׃", "text": "*lōʾ ṯiśśāʾ ʾeṯ-shēm-YHWH ʾĕlōheḵā lash-shāwəʾ kî lōʾ yənaqeh YHWH ʾēṯ ʾăsher-yiśśāʾ ʾeṯ-shəmô lash-shāwəʾ*", "grammar": { "*lōʾ ṯiśśāʾ*": "negative particle + qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you shall not lift/carry", "*ʾeṯ-shēm*": "direct object marker + masculine singular construct - the name of", "*YHWH*": "proper name - LORD/YHWH", "*ʾĕlōheḵā*": "masculine plural noun construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your God", "*lash-shāwəʾ*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - for falsehood/vanity", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*lōʾ yənaqeh*": "negative particle + piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will not hold guiltless", "*ʾēṯ*": "direct object marker", "*ʾăsher-yiśśāʾ*": "relative pronoun + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - who lifts/carries", "*ʾeṯ-shəmô*": "direct object marker + masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his name", "*lash-shāwəʾ*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - for falsehood/vanity" }, "variants": { "*ṯiśśāʾ*": "lift up/carry/bear/take/utter", "*shēm*": "name/reputation/character", "*lash-shāwəʾ*": "in vain/falsely/for emptiness/for no purpose", "*yənaqeh*": "hold guiltless/leave unpunished/acquit" } } 8 { "verseID": "Exodus.20.8", "source": "זָכ֛וֹר֩ אֶת־י֥֨וֹם הַשַׁבָּ֖֜ת לְקַדְּשֽׁ֗וֹ", "text": "*zāḵôr ʾeṯ-yôm hash-shabbāṯ lə-qaddəshô*", "grammar": { "*zāḵôr*": "qal infinitive absolute functioning as imperative - remember", "*ʾeṯ-yôm*": "direct object marker + masculine singular construct - the day of", "*hash-shabbāṯ*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the sabbath", "*lə-qaddəshô*": "preposition + piel infinitive construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - to sanctify it" }, "variants": { "*zāḵôr*": "remember/be mindful of/observe", "*shabbāṯ*": "sabbath/rest day", "*lə-qaddəshô*": "to sanctify it/to keep it holy/to set it apart" } } 9 { "verseID": "Exodus.20.9", "source": "שֵׁ֤֣שֶׁת יָמִ֣ים֙ תּֽ͏ַעֲבֹ֔ד֮ וְעָשִׂ֖֣יתָ כָּל־מְלַאכְתֶּֽךָ֒", "text": "*shēsheṯ yāmîm taʿăḇōḏ wə-ʿāśîṯā kāl-məlaʾḵteḵā*", "grammar": { "*shēsheṯ*": "cardinal number, construct - six of", "*yāmîm*": "masculine plural noun - days", "*taʿăḇōḏ*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you shall labor", "*wə-ʿāśîṯā*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular (with waw as imperfect) - and you shall do", "*kāl-məlaʾḵteḵā*": "noun construct + feminine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - all your work" }, "variants": { "*taʿăḇōḏ*": "labor/work/serve", "*məlaʾḵteḵā*": "your work/your labor/your occupation/your business" } } 10 { "verseID": "Exodus.20.10", "source": "וְי֨וֹם֙ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֔֜י שַׁבָּ֖֣ת ׀ לַיהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֑֗יךָ לֹֽ֣א־תַעֲשֶׂ֣֨ה כָל־מְלָאכָ֡֜ה אַתָּ֣ה ׀ וּבִנְךָֽ֣־וּ֠בִתֶּ֗ךָ עַבְדְּךָ֤֨ וַאֲמָֽתְךָ֜֙ וּבְהֶמְתֶּ֔֗ךָ וְגֵרְךָ֖֙ אֲשֶׁ֥֣ר בִּשְׁעָרֶֽ֔יךָ", "text": "*wə-yôm hash-shəḇîʿî shabbāṯ la-YHWH ʾĕlōheḵā lōʾ-ṯaʿăśeh ḵāl-məlāʾḵāh ʾattāh û-ḇinḵā-û-ḇitteḵā ʿaḇdəḵā wa-ʾămāṯəḵā û-ḇəhemteḵā wə-ḡērəḵā ʾăsher bi-shəʿāreḵā*", "grammar": { "*wə-yôm*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun construct - but the day of", "*hash-shəḇîʿî*": "definite article + ordinal number - the seventh", "*shabbāṯ*": "feminine singular noun - sabbath/rest", "*la-YHWH*": "preposition + proper name - to/for YHWH", "*ʾĕlōheḵā*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your God", "*lōʾ-ṯaʿăśeh*": "negative particle + qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you shall not do", "*ḵāl-məlāʾḵāh*": "noun construct + feminine singular noun - any work", "*ʾattāh*": "2nd masculine singular pronoun - you", "*û-ḇinḵā*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - and your son", "*û-ḇitteḵā*": "conjunction + feminine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - and your daughter", "*ʿaḇdəḵā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your male servant", "*wa-ʾămāṯəḵā*": "conjunction + feminine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - and your female servant", "*û-ḇəhemteḵā*": "conjunction + feminine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - and your cattle", "*wə-ḡērəḵā*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - and your sojourner", "*ʾăsher*": "relative pronoun - who", "*bi-shəʿāreḵā*": "preposition + masculine plural noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - in your gates" }, "variants": { "*shabbāṯ*": "sabbath/rest/cessation from work", "*məlāʾḵāh*": "work/labor/occupation/business", "*ʿaḇdəḵā*": "your male servant/your slave", "*ʾămāṯəḵā*": "your female servant/your maidservant/your female slave", "*ḡērəḵā*": "your sojourner/your resident alien/your foreigner", "*bi-shəʿāreḵā*": "within your gates/in your towns/in your settlements" } } 11 { "verseID": "Exodus.20.11", "source": "כִּ֣י שֵֽׁשֶׁת־יָמִים֩ עָשָׂ֨ה יְהוָ֜ה אֶת־הַשָּׁמַ֣יִם וְאֶת־הָאָ֗רֶץ אֶת־הַיָּם֙ וְאֶת־כָּל־אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֔ם וַיָּ֖נַח בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֑י עַל־כֵּ֗ן בֵּרַ֧ךְ יְהוָ֛ה אֶת־י֥וֹם הַשַׁבָּ֖ת וַֽיְקַדְּשֵֽׁהוּ׃", "text": "*kî shēsheṯ-yāmîm ʿāśāh YHWH ʾeṯ-hash-shāmayim wə-ʾeṯ-hā-ʾāreṣ ʾeṯ-hay-yām wə-ʾeṯ-kāl-ʾăsher-bām way-yānaḥ bay-yôm hash-shəḇîʿî ʿal-kēn bēraḵ YHWH ʾeṯ-yôm hash-shabbāṯ wa-yəqaddəshēhû*", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*shēsheṯ-yāmîm*": "cardinal number construct + masculine plural noun - six days", "*ʿāśāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - made", "*YHWH*": "proper name - LORD/YHWH", "*ʾeṯ-hash-shāmayim*": "direct object marker + definite article + masculine plural noun - the heavens", "*wə-ʾeṯ-hā-ʾāreṣ*": "conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + feminine singular noun - and the earth", "*ʾeṯ-hay-yām*": "direct object marker + definite article + masculine singular noun - the sea", "*wə-ʾeṯ-kāl-ʾăsher-bām*": "conjunction + direct object marker + noun construct + relative pronoun + preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - and all that [is] in them", "*way-yānaḥ*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he rested", "*bay-yôm*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - on the day", "*hash-shəḇîʿî*": "definite article + ordinal number - the seventh", "*ʿal-kēn*": "preposition + adverb - therefore", "*bēraḵ*": "piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - blessed", "*ʾeṯ-yôm*": "direct object marker + masculine singular construct - the day of", "*hash-shabbāṯ*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the sabbath", "*wa-yəqaddəshēhû*": "waw-consecutive + piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and sanctified it" }, "variants": { "*way-yānaḥ*": "and he rested/and he ceased/and he refreshed himself", "*bēraḵ*": "blessed/made holy/endowed", "*wa-yəqaddəshēhû*": "and he sanctified it/and he hallowed it/and he set it apart" } } 12 { "verseID": "Exodus.20.12", "source": "כַּבֵּ֥ד אֶת־אָבִ֖יךָ וְאֶת־אִמֶּ֑ךָ לְמַ֙עַן֙ יַאֲרִכ֣וּן יָמֶ֔יךָ עַ֚ל הָאֲדָמָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ נֹתֵ֥ן לָֽךְ׃", "text": "*kabbēḏ ʾeṯ-ʾāḇîḵā wə-ʾeṯ-ʾimmeḵā ləmaʿan yaʾărîḵûn yāmeḵā ʿal hā-ʾăḏāmāh ʾăsher-YHWH ʾĕlōheḵā nōṯēn lāḵ*", "grammar": { "*kabbēḏ*": "piel imperative, masculine singular - honor", "*ʾeṯ-ʾāḇîḵā*": "direct object marker + masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your father", "*wə-ʾeṯ-ʾimmeḵā*": "conjunction + direct object marker + feminine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - and your mother", "*ləmaʿan*": "conjunction - so that", "*yaʾărîḵûn*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they may be long", "*yāmeḵā*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your days", "*ʿal*": "preposition - upon", "*hā-ʾăḏāmāh*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the land", "*ʾăsher*": "relative pronoun - which", "*YHWH*": "proper name - LORD/YHWH", "*ʾĕlōheḵā*": "masculine plural noun construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your God", "*nōṯēn*": "qal participle, masculine singular - giving", "*lāḵ*": "preposition with 2nd masculine singular suffix - to you" }, "variants": { "*kabbēḏ*": "honor/glorify/make heavy (with respect)", "*yaʾărîḵûn*": "may be long/may be prolonged", "*hā-ʾăḏāmāh*": "the land/the ground/the earth/the soil" } } 13 { "verseID": "Exodus.20.13", "source": "לֹ֥֖א תִּֿרְצָ֖͏ֽח׃", "text": "*lōʾ tirṣāḥ*", "grammar": { "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*tirṣāḥ*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you shall murder" }, "variants": { "*tirṣāḥ*": "murder/kill unlawfully/slay" } } 14 { "verseID": "Exodus.20.14", "source": "לֹ֣֖א תִּֿנְאָ֑͏ֽף׃", "text": "*lōʾ tinʾāp̄*", "grammar": { "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*tinʾāp̄*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you shall commit adultery" }, "variants": { "*tinʾāp̄*": "commit adultery/be sexually unfaithful" } } 15 { "verseID": "Exodus.20.15", "source": "לֹ֣֖א תִּֿגְנֹֽ֔ב׃", "text": "*lōʾ tignōḇ*", "grammar": { "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*tignōḇ*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you shall steal" }, "variants": { "*tignōḇ*": "steal/take secretly/kidnap" } } 16 { "verseID": "Exodus.20.16", "source": "לֹֽא־תַעֲנֶ֥ה בְרֵעֲךָ֖ עֵ֥ד שָֽׁקֶר׃", "text": "*lōʾ-ṯaʿăneh ḇə-rēʿăḵā ʿēḏ shāqer*", "grammar": { "*lōʾ-ṯaʿăneh*": "negative particle + qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you shall not answer/testify", "*ḇə-rēʿăḵā*": "preposition + masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - against your neighbor", "*ʿēḏ*": "masculine singular noun - witness", "*shāqer*": "masculine singular noun - falsehood" }, "variants": { "*ṯaʿăneh*": "answer/testify/respond", "*rēʿăḵā*": "your neighbor/your friend/your fellow", "*ʿēḏ shāqer*": "false witness/lying testimony/deceptive evidence" } } 17 { "verseID": "Exodus.20.17", "source": "לֹ֥א תַחְמֹ֖ד בֵּ֣ית רֵעֶ֑ךָ לֹֽא־תַחְמֹ֞ד אֵ֣שֶׁת רֵעֶ֗ךָ וְעַבְדּ֤וֹ וַאֲמָתוֹ֙ וְשׁוֹר֣וֹ וַחֲמֹר֔וֹ וְכֹ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר לְרֵעֶֽךָ׃", "text": "*lōʾ ṯaḥmōḏ bêṯ rēʿeḵā lōʾ-ṯaḥmōḏ ʾēsheṯ rēʿeḵā wə-ʿaḇdô wa-ʾămāṯô wə-shôrô wa-ḥămōrô wə-ḵōl ʾăsher lə-rēʿeḵā*", "grammar": { "*lōʾ ṯaḥmōḏ*": "negative particle + qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you shall not covet", "*bêṯ*": "masculine singular construct - house of", "*rēʿeḵā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your neighbor", "*lōʾ-ṯaḥmōḏ*": "negative particle + qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you shall not covet", "*ʾēsheṯ*": "feminine singular construct - wife of", "*rēʿeḵā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your neighbor", "*wə-ʿaḇdô*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - or his male servant", "*wa-ʾămāṯô*": "conjunction + feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - or his female servant", "*wə-shôrô*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - or his ox", "*wa-ḥămōrô*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - or his donkey", "*wə-ḵōl*": "conjunction + noun construct - or anything", "*ʾăsher*": "relative pronoun - that", "*lə-rēʿeḵā*": "preposition + masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - [belongs] to your neighbor" }, "variants": { "*ṯaḥmōḏ*": "covet/desire strongly/lust after/scheme to acquire", "*bêṯ*": "house/household/dwelling place/family", "*ʾēsheṯ*": "wife/woman" } }