9 {
"verseID": "Ecclesiastes.2.9",
"source": "וְגָדַ֣לְתִּי וְהוֹסַ֔פְתִּי מִכֹּ֛ל שֶׁהָיָ֥ה לְפָנַ֖י בִּירוּשָׁלָ֑͏ִם אַ֥ף חָכְמָתִ֖י עָ֥מְדָה לִּֽי׃",
"text": "And *gādaltî* and *hôsaptî* more than all *shehāyāh* before me in *Yĕrûshālāim*; also *ḥokmātî* *ʿāmĕdāh* for me.",
"grammar": {
"*gādaltî*": "perfect, 1st singular - I became great",
"*hôsaptî*": "Hiphil perfect, 1st singular - I increased/added",
"*shehāyāh*": "relative particle + perfect, 3rd masculine singular - who was",
"*Yĕrûshālāim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem",
"*ḥokmātî*": "feminine singular noun + 1st person suffix - my wisdom",
"*ʿāmĕdāh*": "perfect, 3rd feminine singular - stood/remained"
},
"variants": {
"*gādaltî*": "I became great/increased/grew",
"*hôsaptî*": "I added/increased/exceeded",
"*ḥokmātî ʿāmĕdāh lî*": "my wisdom stood with me/remained with me/sustained me"
}
}
10 {
"verseID": "Ecclesiastes.2.10",
"source": "וְכֹל֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר שָֽׁאֲל֣וּ עֵינַ֔י לֹ֥א אָצַ֖לְתִּי מֵהֶ֑ם לֹֽא־מָנַ֨עְתִּי אֶת־לִבִּ֜י מִכָּל־שִׂמְחָ֗ה כִּֽי־לִבִּ֤י שָׂמֵ֙חַ֙ מִכָּל־עֲמָלִ֔י וְזֶֽה־הָיָ֥ה חֶלְקִ֖י מִכָּל־עֲמָלִֽי׃",
"text": "And all *ʾăsher* *shāʾălû* *ʿênay* not *ʾāṣaltî* from them; not-*mānaʿtî* *ʾet-libbî* from all-*śimḥāh* because-*libbî* *śāmēaḥ* from all-*ʿămālî* and this-*hāyāh* *ḥelqî* from all-*ʿămālî*.",
"grammar": {
"*ʾăsher*": "relative particle - that/which",
"*shāʾălû*": "perfect, 3rd plural - they asked/desired",
"*ʿênay*": "dual noun + 1st person suffix - my eyes",
"*ʾāṣaltî*": "perfect, 1st singular - I withheld",
"*mānaʿtî*": "perfect, 1st singular - I kept back",
"*ʾet-libbî*": "direct object marker + noun + 1st person suffix - my heart",
"*śimḥāh*": "feminine singular noun - joy",
"*libbî*": "noun + 1st person suffix - my heart",
"*śāmēaḥ*": "adjective, masculine singular - joyful/glad",
"*ʿămālî*": "masculine singular noun + 1st person suffix - my labor/toil",
"*hāyāh*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular - was",
"*ḥelqî*": "masculine singular noun + 1st person suffix - my portion/share"
},
"variants": {
"*shāʾălû ʿênay*": "my eyes asked/desired/longed for",
"*ʾāṣaltî*": "I withheld/kept back/refused",
"*mānaʿtî*": "I kept/withheld/prevented",
"*śimḥāh*": "joy/gladness/pleasure",
"*śāmēaḥ*": "joyful/glad/happy",
"*ʿămālî*": "my labor/toil/work/effort",
"*ḥelqî*": "my portion/share/reward/part"
}
}
11 {
"verseID": "Ecclesiastes.2.11",
"source": "וּפָנִ֣יתִֽי אֲנִ֗י בְּכָל־מַעֲשַׂי֙ שֶֽׁעָשׂ֣וּ יָדַ֔י וּבֶֽעָמָ֖ל שֶׁעָמַ֣לְתִּי לַעֲשׂ֑וֹת וְהִנֵּ֨ה הַכֹּ֥ל הֶ֙בֶל֙ וּרְע֣וּת ר֔וּחַ וְאֵ֥ין יִתְר֖וֹן תַּ֥חַת הַשָּֽׁמֶשׁ׃",
"text": "And *pānîtî* I in all-*maʿăśay* *sheʿāśû* *yāday* and in *ʿāmāl* *sheʿāmaltî* to *laʿăśôt* and *hinnēh* the-all *hebel* and *rĕʿût* *rûaḥ* and not *yitrôn* under the-*shāmesh*.",
"grammar": {
"*pānîtî*": "perfect, 1st singular - I turned/faced/considered",
"*maʿăśay*": "plural noun + 1st person suffix - my works",
"*sheʿāśû*": "relative particle + perfect, 3rd plural - that they made",
"*yāday*": "dual noun + 1st person suffix - my hands",
"*ʿāmāl*": "masculine singular noun - labor/toil",
"*sheʿāmaltî*": "relative particle + perfect, 1st singular - that I labored",
"*laʿăśôt*": "preposition + infinitive construct - to do",
"*hinnēh*": "presentative particle - behold",
"*hebel*": "masculine singular noun - vapor/vanity",
"*rĕʿût*": "feminine singular construct - striving of",
"*rûaḥ*": "feminine singular noun - wind/spirit",
"*yitrôn*": "masculine singular noun - advantage/profit",
"*shāmesh*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the sun"
},
"variants": {
"*pānîtî*": "I turned/faced/considered/examined",
"*maʿăśay sheʿāśû yāday*": "my works that my hands had done",
"*ʿāmāl sheʿāmaltî laʿăśôt*": "toil that I had labored to do/accomplish",
"*hebel*": "vapor/breath/emptiness/vanity/futility/meaninglessness",
"*rĕʿût rûaḥ*": "striving after wind/chasing wind/vexation of spirit",
"*yitrôn*": "advantage/profit/gain/benefit",
"*taḥat hashāmesh*": "under the sun/in this world"
}
}
12 {
"verseID": "Ecclesiastes.2.12",
"source": "וּפָנִ֤יתִֽי אֲנִי֙ לִרְא֣וֹת חָכְמָ֔ה וְהוֹלֵל֖וֹת וְסִכְל֑וּת כִּ֣י ׀ מֶ֣ה הָאָדָ֗ם שֶׁיָּבוֹא֙ אַחֲרֵ֣י הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר־כְּבָ֖ר עָשֽׂוּהוּ׃",
"text": "And *pānîtî* I to *lirʾôt* *ḥokmāh* and *hôlēlôt* and *siklût* because what the-*ʾādām* *sheyyābôʾ* after the-*melek* *ʾēt ʾăsher-kĕbār* *ʿāśûhû*.",
"grammar": {
"*pānîtî*": "perfect, 1st singular - I turned/faced",
"*lirʾôt*": "preposition + infinitive construct - to see",
"*ḥokmāh*": "feminine singular noun - wisdom",
"*hôlēlôt*": "feminine plural noun - madness",
"*siklût*": "feminine singular noun - folly",
"*ʾādām*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the man",
"*sheyyābôʾ*": "relative particle + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - who will come",
"*melek*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the king",
"*ʾēt ʾăsher-kĕbār*": "direct object marker + relative particle + adverb - that which already",
"*ʿāśûhû*": "perfect, 3rd plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - they did it/him"
},
"variants": {
"*pānîtî*": "I turned/applied myself/considered",
"*lirʾôt*": "to see/observe/consider",
"*ḥokmāh*": "wisdom/skill/intelligence",
"*hôlēlôt*": "madness/folly/senselessness",
"*siklût*": "folly/foolishness/stupidity",
"*meh hāʾādām sheyyābôʾ*": "what can the man who comes/follows do",
"*ʾēt ʾăsher-kĕbār ʿāśûhû*": "that which has already been done"
}
}
13 {
"verseID": "Ecclesiastes.2.13",
"source": "וְרָאִ֣יתִי אָ֔נִי שֶׁיֵּ֥שׁ יִתְר֛וֹן לַֽחָכְמָ֖ה מִן־הַסִּכְל֑וּת כִּֽיתְר֥וֹן הָא֖וֹר מִן־הַחֹֽשֶׁךְ׃",
"text": "And *rāʾîtî* I *sheyyēsh* *yitrôn* to *ḥokmāh* from-the-*siklût* as *yitrôn* the-*ʾôr* from-the-*ḥōshek*.",
"grammar": {
"*rāʾîtî*": "perfect, 1st singular - I saw",
"*sheyyēsh*": "relative particle + existential particle - that there is",
"*yitrôn*": "masculine singular noun - advantage",
"*ḥokmāh*": "feminine singular noun with prefixed preposition - to wisdom",
"*siklût*": "feminine singular noun with definite article and prefixed preposition - from the folly",
"*ʾôr*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the light",
"*ḥōshek*": "masculine singular noun with definite article and prefixed preposition - from the darkness"
},
"variants": {
"*rāʾîtî*": "I saw/observed/perceived",
"*yitrôn*": "advantage/profit/excellence/superiority",
"*ḥokmāh*": "wisdom/skill/intelligence",
"*siklût*": "folly/foolishness/stupidity",
"*kiyitrôn hāʾôr min-haḥōshek*": "as/like the advantage/superiority of light over darkness"
}
}
14 {
"verseID": "Ecclesiastes.2.14",
"source": "הֶֽחָכָם֙ עֵינָ֣יו בְּרֹאשׁ֔וֹ וְהַכְּסִ֖יל בַּחֹ֣שֶׁךְ הוֹלֵ֑ךְ וְיָדַ֣עְתִּי גַם־אָ֔נִי שֶׁמִּקְרֶ֥ה אֶחָ֖ד יִקְרֶ֥ה אֶת־כֻּלָּֽם׃",
"text": "The-*ḥākām* *ʿênāyw* in *rōʾshô* and the-*kĕsîl* in the-*ḥōshek* *hôlēk* and *yādaʿtî* also-I *shemmiqreh* *ʾeḥād* *yiqreh* *ʾet*-all of them.",
"grammar": {
"*ḥākām*": "masculine singular adjective with definite article - the wise person",
"*ʿênāyw*": "dual noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his eyes",
"*rōʾshô*": "masculine singular noun + preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - in his head",
"*kĕsîl*": "masculine singular adjective with definite article - the fool",
"*ḥōshek*": "masculine singular noun with definite article + preposition - in the darkness",
"*hôlēk*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - walking/going",
"*yādaʿtî*": "perfect, 1st singular - I knew",
"*shemmiqreh*": "relative particle + masculine singular noun - that the fate/event",
"*ʾeḥād*": "numeral, masculine singular - one",
"*yiqreh*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will happen/befall",
"*ʾet-kullām*": "direct object marker + noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - all of them"
},
"variants": {
"*ḥākām*": "wise person/sage",
"*ʿênāyw bĕrōʾshô*": "his eyes are in his head (idiom: he sees clearly/pays attention)",
"*kĕsîl*": "fool/stupid person",
"*baḥōshek hôlēk*": "walks in darkness/goes about in darkness",
"*miqreh*": "happening/event/fate/destiny",
"*miqreh ʾeḥād yiqreh ʾet-kullām*": "one event/fate will happen to all of them"
}
}
15 {
"verseID": "Ecclesiastes.2.15",
"source": "וְאָמַ֨רְתִּֽי אֲנִ֜י בְּלִבִּ֗י כְּמִקְרֵ֤ה הַכְּסִיל֙ גַּם־אֲנִ֣י יִקְרֵ֔נִי וְלָ֧מָּה חָכַ֛מְתִּי אֲנִ֖י אָ֣ז יוֹתֵ֑ר וְדִבַּ֣רְתִּי בְלִבִּ֔י שֶׁגַּם־זֶ֖ה הָֽבֶל׃",
"text": "And *ʾāmartî* I in *libbî* as *kĕmiqrēh* the-*kĕsîl* also-I *yiqrēnî* and why *ḥākamtî* I then *yôtēr* and *dibbartî* in *libbî* that also-this *hābel*.",
"grammar": {
"*ʾāmartî*": "perfect, 1st singular - I said",
"*libbî*": "masculine singular noun + 1st person suffix + preposition - in my heart",
"*kĕmiqrēh*": "preposition + masculine singular construct - as the fate of",
"*kĕsîl*": "masculine singular adjective with definite article - the fool",
"*yiqrēnî*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine singular + 1st person suffix - will happen to me",
"*ḥākamtî*": "perfect, 1st singular - I became wise",
"*yôtēr*": "adverb - exceedingly/more",
"*dibbartî*": "Piel perfect, 1st singular - I spoke",
"*hābel*": "masculine singular noun - vapor/vanity"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾāmartî bĕlibbî*": "I said in my heart/I thought to myself",
"*kĕmiqrēh hakkĕsîl*": "as the fate/event of the fool",
"*yiqrēnî*": "will happen to me/will befall me",
"*ḥākamtî*": "I became wise/I have been wise",
"*yôtēr*": "more/exceedingly/greatly",
"*dibbartî bĕlibbî*": "I said in my heart/concluded within myself",
"*hābel*": "vapor/breath/emptiness/vanity/futility/meaninglessness"
}
}
16 {
"verseID": "Ecclesiastes.2.16",
"source": "כִּי֩ אֵ֨ין זִכְר֧וֹן לֶחָכָ֛ם עִֽם־הַכְּסִ֖יל לְעוֹלָ֑ם בְּשֶׁכְּבָ֞ר הַיָּמִ֤ים הַבָּאִים֙ הַכֹּ֣ל נִשְׁכָּ֔ח וְאֵ֛יךְ יָמ֥וּת הֶחָכָ֖ם עִֽם־הַכְּסִֽיל׃",
"text": "Because not *zikrôn* to *ḥākām* with-the-*kĕsîl* to *ʿôlām*; in that already the-*yāmîm* the-*bāʾîm* the-all *nishkāḥ* and how *yāmût* the-*ḥākām* with-the-*kĕsîl*.",
"grammar": {
"*zikrôn*": "masculine singular noun - remembrance/memory",
"*ḥākām*": "masculine singular adjective with prefixed preposition - for the wise person",
"*kĕsîl*": "masculine singular adjective with definite article and prefixed preposition - with the fool",
"*ʿôlām*": "masculine singular noun with prefixed preposition - forever",
"*yāmîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the days",
"*bāʾîm*": "Qal participle, masculine plural with definite article - the coming ones",
"*nishkāḥ*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - is forgotten",
"*yāmût*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will die",
"*ḥākām*": "masculine singular adjective with definite article - the wise person"
},
"variants": {
"*zikrôn*": "remembrance/memory/memorial",
"*ʿôlām*": "forever/eternity/long duration",
"*bĕshekĕbār*": "because already/since already",
"*hayyāmîm habbāʾîm*": "the days to come/the coming days/future days",
"*hakkōl nishkāḥ*": "everything is forgotten/all is forgotten",
"*yāmût heḥākām ʿim-hakkĕsîl*": "the wise person dies with/like the fool"
}
}
17 {
"verseID": "Ecclesiastes.2.17",
"source": "וְשָׂנֵ֙אתִי֙ אֶת־הַ֣חַיִּ֔ים כִּ֣י רַ֤ע עָלַי֙ הַֽמַּעֲשֶׂ֔ה שֶׁנַּעֲשָׂ֖ה תַּ֣חַת הַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁ כִּֽי־הַכֹּ֥ל הֶ֖בֶל וּרְע֥וּת רֽוּחַ׃",
"text": "And *śānēʾtî* *ʾet*-the-*ḥayyîm* because *raʿ* upon me the-*maʿăśeh* *shennaʿăśâ* under the-*shāmesh* because-the-all *habel* and *rĕʿût* *rûaḥ*.",
"grammar": {
"*śānēʾtî*": "perfect, 1st singular - I hated",
"*ḥayyîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the life",
"*raʿ*": "adjective, masculine singular - evil/grievous",
"*maʿăśeh*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the work/deed",
"*shennaʿăśâ*": "relative particle + Niphal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - that was done",
"*shāmesh*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the sun",
"*habel*": "masculine singular noun - vapor/vanity",
"*rĕʿût*": "feminine singular construct - striving of",
"*rûaḥ*": "feminine singular noun - wind/spirit"
},
"variants": {
"*śānēʾtî*": "I hated/loathed/detested",
"*ʾet-haḥayyîm*": "life/living",
"*raʿ ʿālay*": "grievous/distressing to me",
"*hammaʿăśeh shennaʿăśâ*": "the work that is done/the deed that is performed",
"*taḥat hashāmesh*": "under the sun/in this world",
"*hebel*": "vapor/breath/emptiness/vanity/futility/meaninglessness",
"*rĕʿût rûaḥ*": "striving after wind/chasing wind/vexation of spirit"
}
}