1 {
"verseID": "Exodus.5.1",
"source": "וְאַחַ֗ר בָּ֚אוּ מֹשֶׁ֣ה וְאַהֲרֹ֔ן וַיֹּאמְר֖וּ אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֑ה כֹּֽה־אָמַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל שַׁלַּח֙ אֶת־עַמִּ֔י וְיָחֹ֥גּוּ לִ֖י בַּמִּדְבָּֽר׃",
"text": "And *ʾachar* *bāʾû* *Mōšeh* and *ʾAhărōn* and *wayyōʾmərû* to *Parʿōh*: Thus *ʾāmar* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhê* *Yiśrāʾēl*, *šallaḥ* *ʾet*-my *ʿam* and *wəyāḥōggû* to me in the *midbar*.",
"grammar": {
"*wə*": "conjunction - and, connecting to previous narrative",
"*ʾachar*": "adverb - afterward, subsequently",
"*bāʾû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - they came/entered",
"*Mōšeh*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Moses",
"*wə*": "conjunction - and",
"*ʾAhărōn*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Aaron",
"*wayyōʾmərû*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd plural - and they said",
"*ʾel*": "preposition - to, toward",
"*Parʿōh*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Pharaoh",
"*kōh*": "adverb - thus, so",
"*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has said/spoken",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh",
"*ʾĕlōhê*": "noun construct, masculine plural - God of",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*šallaḥ*": "piel imperative, masculine singular - send away, release",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*ʿam*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 1st person suffix - my people",
"*wə*": "conjunction with jussive/cohortative force - so that, in order that",
"*yāḥōggû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd plural - they may celebrate, hold a festival",
"*lə*": "preposition with 1st person suffix - to/for me",
"*ba*": "preposition with definite article - in the",
"*midbar*": "noun, masculine singular - wilderness, desert"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾachar*": "afterward, subsequently, later",
"*bāʾû*": "came, entered, arrived",
"*wayyōʾmərû*": "and they said, they declared, they stated",
"*šallaḥ*": "send away, release, let go",
"*ʿam*": "people, nation, folk",
"*yāḥōggû*": "celebrate a festival, make pilgrimage, observe a feast",
"*midbar*": "wilderness, desert, uninhabited land"
}
}
2 {
"verseID": "Exodus.5.2",
"source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר פַּרְעֹ֔ה מִ֤י יְהוָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֶשְׁמַ֣ע בְּקֹל֔וֹ לְשַׁלַּ֖ח אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל לֹ֤א יָדַ֙עְתִּי֙ אֶת־יְהוָ֔ה וְגַ֥ם אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֹ֥א אֲשַׁלֵּֽחַ׃",
"text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *Parʿōh*: Who is *YHWH* *ʾăšer* I should *ʾešmaʿ* to his *qōl* to *ləšallaḥ* *ʾet*-*Yiśrāʾēl*? Not *yādaʿtî* *ʾet*-*YHWH* and also *ʾet*-*Yiśrāʾēl* not *ʾăšallēaḥ*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyōʾmer*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*Parʿōh*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Pharaoh",
"*mî*": "interrogative pronoun - who?",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - that, who, which",
"*ʾešmaʿ*": "qal imperfect, 1st singular - I should listen/heed/obey",
"*bə*": "preposition - in, with, by",
"*qōl*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his voice",
"*lə*": "preposition - to, for",
"*šallaḥ*": "piel infinitive construct - to send away, release",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*yādaʿtî*": "qal perfect, 1st singular - I know/knew",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh",
"*wə*": "conjunction - and",
"*gam*": "adverb - also, moreover",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*ʾăšallēaḥ*": "piel imperfect, 1st singular - I will send away, release"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyōʾmer*": "and he said, he replied, he answered",
"*mî*": "who?, which one?",
"*ʾăšer*": "who, which, that",
"*ʾešmaʿ*": "I should listen to, obey, heed",
"*qōl*": "voice, sound, noise",
"*šallaḥ*": "to send away, release, let go",
"*yādaʿtî*": "I know, I have known, I recognize",
"*ʾăšallēaḥ*": "I will release, I will let go, I will send away"
}
}
3 {
"verseID": "Exodus.5.3",
"source": "וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ אֱלֹהֵ֥י הָעִבְרִ֖ים נִקְרָ֣א עָלֵ֑ינוּ נֵ֣לֲכָה נָּ֡א דֶּרֶךְ֩ שְׁלֹ֨שֶׁת יָמִ֜ים בַּמִּדְבָּ֗ר וְנִזְבְּחָה֙ לַֽיהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵ֔ינוּ פֶּ֨ן־יִפְגָּעֵ֔נוּ בַּדֶּ֖בֶר א֥וֹ בֶחָֽרֶב׃",
"text": "And *wayyōʾmərû*: *ʾĕlōhê* the *hāʿiḇrîm* *niqrāʾ* upon us. *nēləkâ* *nāʾ* *dereḵ* *šəlōšet* *yāmîm* in the *midbār* and *wənizḇəḥâ* to *YHWH* our *ʾĕlōhênû*, lest *pen*-*yiḇgāʿēnû* with the *deḇer* or with the *ḥāreḇ*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyōʾmərû*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd plural - and they said",
"*ʾĕlōhê*": "noun construct, masculine plural - God of",
"*hā*": "definite article - the",
"*ʿiḇrîm*": "noun, masculine plural - Hebrews",
"*niqrāʾ*": "niphal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has been called/met",
"*ʿālênû*": "preposition with 1st plural suffix - upon us",
"*nēləkâ*": "qal cohortative, 1st plural - let us go",
"*nāʾ*": "particle of entreaty - please",
"*dereḵ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - way, journey of",
"*šəlōšet*": "numeral construct - three of",
"*yāmîm*": "noun, masculine plural - days",
"*ba*": "preposition with definite article - in the",
"*midbār*": "noun, masculine singular - wilderness, desert",
"*wə*": "conjunction - and",
"*nizḇəḥâ*": "qal cohortative, 1st plural - let us sacrifice",
"*la*": "preposition - to",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh",
"*ʾĕlōhênû*": "noun, masculine plural with 1st person plural suffix - our God",
"*pen*": "conjunction - lest, otherwise",
"*yiḇgāʿēnû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with 1st plural suffix - he will encounter/strike us",
"*ba*": "preposition with definite article - with the",
"*deḇer*": "noun, masculine singular - pestilence, plague",
"*ʾô*": "conjunction - or",
"*ḇe*": "preposition with definite article - with the",
"*ḥāreḇ*": "noun, feminine singular - sword"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾĕlōhê*": "God of, deity of",
"*ʿiḇrîm*": "Hebrews, people from beyond",
"*niqrāʾ*": "has met with us, has been called upon us, has appeared to us",
"*nēləkâ*": "let us go, we wish to go",
"*dereḵ*": "way, journey, road",
"*midbār*": "wilderness, desert, uninhabited land",
"*nizḇəḥâ*": "let us sacrifice, let us offer, let us slaughter (ritually)",
"*pen*": "lest, otherwise, so that not",
"*yiḇgāʿēnû*": "he will encounter us, strike us, meet us (with hostility)",
"*deḇer*": "pestilence, plague, disease",
"*ḥāreḇ*": "sword, knife, cutting instrument"
}
}
4 {
"verseID": "Exodus.5.4",
"source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֲלֵהֶם֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ מִצְרַ֔יִם לָ֚מָּה מֹשֶׁ֣ה וְאַהֲרֹ֔ן תַּפְרִ֥יעוּ אֶת־הָעָ֖ם מִמַּֽעֲשָׂ֑יו לְכ֖וּ לְסִבְלֹתֵיכֶֽם׃",
"text": "And *wayyōʾmer* to them *meleḵ* *Miṣrayim*: *lāmmâ* *Mōšeh* and *ʾAhărōn* *taḇrîʿû* *ʾet*-the people from their *maʿăśāyw*? *ləḵû* to your *siḇlōtêḵem*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyōʾmer*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*ʾălêhem*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - to them",
"*meleḵ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - king of",
"*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt",
"*lāmmâ*": "interrogative adverb - why?",
"*Mōšeh*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Moses",
"*wə*": "conjunction - and",
"*ʾAhărōn*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Aaron",
"*taḇrîʿû*": "hiphil imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you cause to be idle/disrupt",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*hā*": "definite article - the",
"*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular - people",
"*min*": "preposition - from",
"*maʿăśāyw*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his works/labors",
"*ləḵû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - go!",
"*lə*": "preposition - to",
"*siḇlōtêḵem*": "noun, feminine plural with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your burdens"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyōʾmer*": "and he said, replied, answered",
"*meleḵ*": "king, ruler, sovereign",
"*lāmmâ*": "why?, for what reason?",
"*taḇrîʿû*": "you disrupt, you cause to cease, you distract",
"*maʿăśāyw*": "his works, labors, tasks",
"*ləḵû*": "go!, depart!, proceed!",
"*siḇlōtêḵem*": "your burdens, your forced labors, your tasks"
}
}