1 {
"verseID": "Exodus.8.1",
"source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוָה֮ אֶל־מֹשֶׁה֒ אֱמֹ֣ר אֶֽל־אַהֲרֹ֗ן נְטֵ֤ה אֶת־יָדְךָ֙ בְּמַטֶּ֔ךָ עַל־הַ֨נְּהָרֹ֔ת עַל־הַיְאֹרִ֖ים וְעַל־הָאֲגַמִּ֑ים וְהַ֥עַל אֶת־הַֽצְפַרְדְּעִ֖ים עַל־אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃",
"text": "And *wə-yōʾmer* *YHWH* to *Mōšeh*, *ʾĕmōr* to *ʾAhărōn*, *nəṭēh* *ʾet*-your hand with your *maṭṭeh* upon the *nəhārōt*, upon the *yəʾōrîm* and upon the *ʾăgammîm*, and *haʿal* *ʾet*-the *ṣəpardəʿîm* upon *ʾereṣ* *Miṣrayim*.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/the LORD",
"*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses",
"*ʾĕmōr*": "Qal imperative, masculine singular - say/speak",
"*ʾAhărōn*": "proper noun - Aaron",
"*nəṭēh*": "Qal imperative, masculine singular - stretch out/extend",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*maṭṭeh*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - staff/rod",
"*nəhārōt*": "noun, masculine plural - rivers/streams",
"*yəʾōrîm*": "noun, masculine plural - Nile canals/streams",
"*ʾăgammîm*": "noun, masculine plural - pools/marshes",
"*haʿal*": "Hiphil imperative, masculine singular - cause to come up/bring up",
"*ṣəpardəʿîm*": "noun, feminine plural - frogs",
"*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land/earth",
"*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt"
},
"variants": {
"*nəṭēh*": "stretch out/extend/reach forth",
"*yəʾōrîm*": "Nile canals/irrigation channels/streams",
"*ʾăgammîm*": "pools/marshes/reservoirs/ponds",
"*haʿal*": "bring up/cause to ascend/make come up"
}
}
2 {
"verseID": "Exodus.8.2",
"source": "וַיֵּ֤ט אַהֲרֹן֙ אֶת־יָד֔וֹ עַ֖ל מֵימֵ֣י מִצְרָ֑יִם וַתַּ֙עַל֙ הַצְּפַרְדֵּ֔עַ וַתְּכַ֖ס אֶת־אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃",
"text": "And *wə-yēṭ* *ʾAhărōn* *ʾet*-his hand over *mêmê* *Miṣrayim*, and *wə-taʿal* the *ṣəpardēaʿ* and *wə-təkas* *ʾet*-*ʾereṣ* *Miṣrayim*.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yēṭ*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he stretched out",
"*ʾAhărōn*": "proper noun - Aaron",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*mêmê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - waters of",
"*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt",
"*wə-taʿal*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she/it came up",
"*ṣəpardēaʿ*": "noun, feminine singular (collective) - frog/frogs",
"*wə-təkas*": "waw consecutive + Piel imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she/it covered",
"*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land/earth"
},
"variants": {
"*ṣəpardēaʿ*": "frog (collective singular form used for plural 'frogs')"
}
}
3 {
"verseID": "Exodus.8.3",
"source": "וַיַּֽעֲשׂוּ־כֵ֥ן הֽ͏ַחֲרְטֻמִּ֖ים בְּלָטֵיהֶ֑ם וַיַּעֲל֥וּ אֶת־הַֽצְפַרְדְּעִ֖ים עַל־אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃",
"text": "And *wə-yaʿăśû*-so the *ḥarṭummîm* with their *lāṭêhem*, and they *wə-yaʿălû* *ʾet*-the *ṣəpardəʿîm* upon *ʾereṣ* *Miṣrayim*.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yaʿăśû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd common plural - and they did",
"*ḥarṭummîm*": "noun, masculine plural - magicians/sacred scribes",
"*lāṭêhem*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their secret arts/enchantments",
"*wə-yaʿălû*": "waw consecutive + Hiphil imperfect, 3rd common plural - and they brought up",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*ṣəpardəʿîm*": "noun, feminine plural - frogs",
"*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land/earth",
"*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt"
},
"variants": {
"*ḥarṭummîm*": "magicians/sacred scribes/soothsayers",
"*lāṭêhem*": "secret arts/enchantments/magical practices"
}
}
4 {
"verseID": "Exodus.8.4",
"source": "וַיִּקְרָ֨א פַרְעֹ֜ה לְמֹשֶׁ֣ה וּֽלְאַהֲרֹ֗ן וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ הַעְתִּ֣ירוּ אֶל־יְהוָ֔ה וְיָסֵר֙ הַֽצְפַרְדְּעִ֔ים מִמֶּ֖נִּי וּמֵֽעַמִּ֑י וַאֲשַׁלְּחָה֙ אֶת־הָעָ֔ם וְיִזְבְּח֖וּ לַיהוָֽה׃",
"text": "And *wə-yiqrāʾ* *Parʿōh* to *Mōšeh* and to *ʾAhărōn* and *wə-yōʾmer*, *haʿtîrû* to *YHWH* and *wə-yāsēr* the *ṣəpardəʿîm* from me and from my people, and *wə-ʾăšalləḥāh* *ʾet*-the people and they *wə-yizbəḥû* to *YHWH*.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yiqrāʾ*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he called",
"*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh",
"*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses",
"*ʾAhărōn*": "proper noun - Aaron",
"*wə-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*haʿtîrû*": "Hiphil imperative, masculine plural - entreat/pray/make supplication",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/the LORD",
"*wə-yāsēr*": "waw conjunctive + Hiphil jussive, 3rd masculine singular - and may he remove/take away",
"*ṣəpardəʿîm*": "noun, feminine plural - frogs",
"*wə-ʾăšalləḥāh*": "waw conjunctive + Piel cohortative, 1st common singular - and I will let go/send away",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*wə-yizbəḥû*": "waw conjunctive + Qal imperfect, 3rd common plural - and they may sacrifice"
},
"variants": {
"*haʿtîrû*": "entreat/pray/make supplication/intercede",
"*wə-yāsēr*": "may he remove/take away/get rid of",
"*wə-ʾăšalləḥāh*": "and I will let go/send away/release"
}
}
5 {
"verseID": "Exodus.8.5",
"source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֣ה לְפַרְעֹה֮ הִתְפָּאֵ֣ר עָלַי֒ לְמָתַ֣י ׀ אַעְתִּ֣יר לְךָ֗ וְלַעֲבָדֶ֙יךָ֙ וּֽלְעַמְּךָ֔ לְהַכְרִית֙ הַֽצֲפַרְדְּעִ֔ים מִמְּךָ֖ וּמִבָּתֶּ֑יךָ רַ֥ק בַּיְאֹ֖ר תִּשָּׁאַֽרְנָה׃",
"text": "And *wə-yōʾmer* *Mōšeh* to *Parʿōh*, *hitpāʾēr* over me, for when shall I *ʾaʿtîr* for you and for your servants and for your people, to *ləhakrît* the *ṣəparədəʿîm* from you and from your houses? Only in the *yəʾōr* they *tiššāʾarnāh*.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses",
"*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh",
"*hitpāʾēr*": "Hithpael imperative, masculine singular - glory/boast/honor yourself",
"*ʾaʿtîr*": "Hiphil imperfect, 1st common singular - I shall entreat/pray/make supplication",
"*ləhakrît*": "preposition + Hiphil infinitive construct - to cut off/destroy",
"*ṣəparədəʿîm*": "noun, feminine plural - frogs",
"*yəʾōr*": "noun, masculine singular - Nile/river",
"*tiššāʾarnāh*": "Niphal imperfect, 3rd feminine plural - they shall remain/be left"
},
"variants": {
"*hitpāʾēr*": "glory over me/boast against me/honor yourself over me/command me",
"*ləhakrît*": "to cut off/destroy/exterminate/extinguish",
"*yəʾōr*": "Nile/river/canal"
}
}
6 {
"verseID": "Exodus.8.6",
"source": "וַיֹּ֖אמֶר לְמָחָ֑ר וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ כִּדְבָ֣רְךָ֔ לְמַ֣עַן תֵּדַ֔ע כִּי־אֵ֖ין כַּיהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵֽינוּ׃",
"text": "And *wə-yōʾmer*, for *māḥār*. And *wə-yōʾmer*, according to your *didbārəkā*, so that *tēdaʿ* that there is none like *YHWH* our *ʾĕlōhênû*.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*māḥār*": "adverb - tomorrow",
"*didbārəkā*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your word",
"*tēdaʿ*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you may know",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/the LORD",
"*ʾĕlōhênû*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 1st common plural suffix - our God"
},
"variants": {
"*didbārəkā*": "your word/saying/command"
}
}
7 {
"verseID": "Exodus.8.7",
"source": "וְסָר֣וּ הַֽצְפַרְדְּעִ֗ים מִמְּךָ֙ וּמִבָּ֣תֶּ֔יךָ וּמֵעֲבָדֶ֖יךָ וּמֵעַמֶּ֑ךָ רַ֥ק בַּיְאֹ֖ר תִּשָּׁאַֽרְנָה׃",
"text": "And *wə-sārû* the *ṣəpardəʿîm* from you and from your houses and from your servants and from your people; only in the *yəʾōr* they *tiššāʾarnāh*.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-sārû*": "waw consecutive + Qal perfect, 3rd common plural - and they will depart/turn aside",
"*ṣəpardəʿîm*": "noun, feminine plural - frogs",
"*yəʾōr*": "noun, masculine singular - Nile/river",
"*tiššāʾarnāh*": "Niphal imperfect, 3rd feminine plural - they shall remain/be left"
},
"variants": {
"*wə-sārû*": "they will depart/turn aside/go away",
"*yəʾōr*": "Nile/river/canal"
}
}
8 {
"verseID": "Exodus.8.8",
"source": "וַיֵּצֵ֥א מֹשֶׁ֛ה וְאַהֲרֹ֖ן מֵעִ֣ם פַּרְעֹ֑ה וַיִּצְעַ֤ק מֹשֶׁה֙ אֶל־יְהוָ֔ה עַל־דְּבַ֥ר הַֽצְפַרְדְּעִ֖ים אֲשֶׁר־שָׂ֥ם לְפַרְעֹֽה׃",
"text": "And *wə-yēṣēʾ* *Mōšeh* and *ʾAhărōn* from with *Parʿōh*, and *wə-yiṣʿaq* *Mōšeh* unto *YHWH* concerning *dəbar* the *ṣəpardəʿîm* which he *śām* for *Parʿōh*.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yēṣēʾ*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he went out",
"*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses",
"*ʾAhărōn*": "proper noun - Aaron",
"*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh",
"*wə-yiṣʿaq*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he cried out",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/the LORD",
"*dəbar*": "noun, masculine singular construct - matter/word of",
"*ṣəpardəʿîm*": "noun, feminine plural - frogs",
"*śām*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he placed/put/appointed"
},
"variants": {
"*wə-yiṣʿaq*": "he cried out/called out/he prayed intensely",
"*dəbar*": "matter/word/affair/case",
"*śām*": "placed/put/appointed/established"
}
}
9 {
"verseID": "Exodus.8.9",
"source": "וַיַּ֥עַשׂ יְהוָ֖ה כִּדְבַ֣ר מֹשֶׁ֑ה וַיָּמֻ֙תוּ֙ הַֽצְפַרְדְּעִ֔ים מִן־הַבָּתִּ֥ים מִן־הַחֲצֵרֹ֖ת וּמִן־הַשָּׂדֹֽת׃",
"text": "And *wə-yaʿaś* *YHWH* according to *dəbar* *Mōšeh*, and *wə-yāmutû* the *ṣəpardəʿîm* from the houses, from the *ḥăṣērōt* and from the *śādōt*.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yaʿaś*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he did",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/the LORD",
"*dəbar*": "noun, masculine singular construct - word of",
"*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses",
"*wə-yāmutû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd common plural - and they died",
"*ṣəpardəʿîm*": "noun, feminine plural - frogs",
"*ḥăṣērōt*": "noun, feminine plural - courtyards/villages",
"*śādōt*": "noun, masculine plural - fields"
},
"variants": {
"*ḥăṣērōt*": "courtyards/enclosures/villages"
}
}
10 {
"verseID": "Exodus.8.10",
"source": "וַיִּצְבְּר֥וּ אֹתָ֖ם חֳמָרִ֣ם חֳמָרִ֑ם וַתִּבְאַ֖שׁ הָאָֽרֶץ׃",
"text": "And *wə-yiṣbərû* them *ḥŏmārîm* *ḥŏmārîm*, and *wə-tibʾaš* the *ʾāreṣ*.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yiṣbərû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd common plural - and they gathered",
"*ḥŏmārîm*": "noun, masculine plural - heaps",
"*wə-tibʾaš*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and it stank",
"*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular - land/earth"
},
"variants": {
"*ḥŏmārîm* *ḥŏmārîm*": "heaps upon heaps/many piles/numerous heaps",
"*wə-tibʾaš*": "it stank/became foul/putrid"
}
}
11 {
"verseID": "Exodus.8.11",
"source": "וַיַּ֣רְא פַּרְעֹ֗ה כִּ֤י הָֽיְתָה֙ הָֽרְוָחָ֔ה וְהַכְבֵּד֙ אֶת־לִבּ֔וֹ וְלֹ֥א שָׁמַ֖ע אֲלֵהֶ֑ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר דִּבֶּ֥ר יְהוָֽה׃ ס",
"text": "And *wə-yarʾ* *Parʿōh* that there *hāyətāh* the *hārəwāḥāh*, and *wə-hakbēd* *ʾet*-his heart, and he not *šāmaʿ* unto them, just as *dibber* *YHWH*.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yarʾ*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he saw",
"*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh",
"*hāyətāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she/it was",
"*hārəwāḥāh*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the relief/respite",
"*wə-hakbēd*": "waw consecutive + Hiphil infinitive absolute - and making heavy",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*šāmaʿ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he heard/listened",
"*dibber*": "Piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he spoke/said",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/the LORD"
},
"variants": {
"*hārəwāḥāh*": "relief/respite/breathing space",
"*wə-hakbēd*": "making heavy/hardening/making stubborn"
}
}