18{
"verseID": "Deuteronomy.16.18",
"source": "שֹׁפְטִ֣ים וְשֹֽׁטְרִ֗ים תִּֽתֶּן־לְךָ֙ בְּכָל־שְׁעָרֶ֔יךָ אֲשֶׁ֨ר יְהוָ֧ה אֱלֹהֶ֛יךָ נֹתֵ֥ן לְךָ֖ לִשְׁבָטֶ֑יךָ וְשָׁפְט֥וּ אֶת־הָעָ֖ם מִשְׁפַּט־צֶֽדֶק׃",
"text": "*šōpəṭîm* *wəšōṭərîm* *titten*-*ləkā* *bəkol*-*šəʿāreykā* *ʾăšer* *YHWH* *ʾělōheykā* *nōtēn* *ləkā* *lišbāṭeykā* *wəšāpəṭû* *ʾet*-*hāʿām* *mišpaṭ*-*ṣedeq*",
"grammar": {
"*šōpəṭîm*": "masculine plural noun - judges",
"*wəšōṭərîm*": "conjunction + masculine plural noun - and officers",
"*titten*": "qal imperfect 2nd masculine singular - you shall appoint (lit: give)",
"*ləkā*": "preposition with 2nd masculine singular suffix - for yourself",
"*bəkol*": "preposition + construct - in all of",
"*šəʿāreykā*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your gates/towns",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that",
"*YHWH*": "divine name",
"*ʾělōheykā*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your God",
"*nōtēn*": "qal participle masculine singular - giving",
"*ləkā*": "preposition with 2nd masculine singular suffix - to you",
"*lišbāṭeykā*": "preposition + masculine plural noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - for your tribes",
"*wəšāpəṭû*": "conjunction + qal perfect 3rd common plural - and they shall judge",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*hāʿām*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the people",
"*mišpaṭ*": "masculine singular construct - judgment of",
"*ṣedeq*": "masculine singular noun - righteousness"
},
"variants": {
"*šōpəṭîm*": "judges/those who judge",
"*šōṭərîm*": "officers/officials/scribes",
"*šəʿāreykā*": "your gates/towns/settlements",
"*šbāṭîm*": "tribes/rods/staffs",
"*mišpaṭ*-*ṣedeq*": "righteous judgment/just verdict"
}
}
19{
"verseID": "Deuteronomy.16.19",
"source": "לֹא־תַטֶּ֣ה מִשְׁפָּ֔ט לֹ֥א תַכִּ֖יר פָּנִ֑ים וְלֹא־תִקַּ֣ח שֹׁ֔חַד כִּ֣י הַשֹּׁ֗חַד יְעַוֵּר֙ עֵינֵ֣י חֲכָמִ֔ים וִֽיסַלֵּ֖ף דִּבְרֵ֥י צַדִּיקִֽם׃",
"text": "*lōʾ*-*taṭṭeh* *mišpāṭ* *lōʾ* *takkîr* *pānîm* *wəlōʾ*-*tiqqaḥ* *šōḥad* *kî* *haššōḥad* *yəʿawwēr* *ʿênê* *ḥăkāmîm* *wîsallēp* *dibrê* *ṣaddîqim*",
"grammar": {
"*lōʾ*-*taṭṭeh*": "negation + hiphil imperfect 2nd masculine singular - you shall not pervert",
"*mišpāṭ*": "masculine singular noun - justice/judgment",
"*lōʾ*": "negation - not",
"*takkîr*": "hiphil imperfect 2nd masculine singular - you shall recognize/show partiality",
"*pānîm*": "masculine plural noun - faces",
"*wəlōʾ*-*tiqqaḥ*": "conjunction + negation + qal imperfect 2nd masculine singular - and you shall not take",
"*šōḥad*": "masculine singular noun - bribe",
"*kî*": "conjunction - for/because",
"*haššōḥad*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the bribe",
"*yəʿawwēr*": "piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - blinds",
"*ʿênê*": "feminine dual construct - eyes of",
"*ḥăkāmîm*": "masculine plural adjective - wise (ones)",
"*wîsallēp*": "conjunction + piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and perverts",
"*dibrê*": "masculine plural construct - words of",
"*ṣaddîqim*": "masculine plural adjective - righteous (ones)"
},
"variants": {
"*taṭṭeh* *mišpāṭ*": "pervert justice/twist judgment",
"*takkîr* *pānîm*": "recognize faces/show partiality/be partial",
"*šōḥad*": "bribe/gift (for perversion of justice)",
"*yəʿawwēr*": "blinds/makes blind",
"*sallēp*": "perverts/twists/distorts",
"*dibrê*": "words/statements/matters",
"*ṣaddîqim*": "righteous ones/just ones"
}
}
20{
"verseID": "Deuteronomy.16.20",
"source": "צֶ֥דֶק צֶ֖דֶק תִּרְדֹּ֑ף לְמַ֤עַן תִּֽחְיֶה֙ וְיָרַשְׁתָּ֣ אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ נֹתֵ֥ן לָֽךְ׃",
"text": "*ṣedeq* *ṣedeq* *tirdōp* *ləmaʿan* *tiḥyeh* *wəyārašətā* *ʾet*-*hāʾāreṣ* *ʾăšer*-*YHWH* *ʾělōheykā* *nōtēn* *lāk*",
"grammar": {
"*ṣedeq*": "masculine singular noun - righteousness",
"*ṣedeq*": "masculine singular noun - righteousness (repeated for emphasis)",
"*tirdōp*": "qal imperfect 2nd masculine singular - you shall pursue",
"*ləmaʿan*": "conjunction - in order that",
"*tiḥyeh*": "qal imperfect 2nd masculine singular - you will live",
"*wəyārašətā*": "conjunction + qal perfect 2nd masculine singular - and you will possess",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*hāʾāreṣ*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the land",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that",
"*YHWH*": "divine name",
"*ʾělōheykā*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your God",
"*nōtēn*": "qal participle masculine singular - giving",
"*lāk*": "preposition with 2nd masculine singular suffix - to you"
},
"variants": {
"*ṣedeq* *ṣedeq*": "righteousness righteousness/justice justice (emphatic repetition)",
"*tirdōp*": "pursue/follow after/chase",
"*tiḥyeh*": "live/remain alive/be preserved alive",
"*yārašətā*": "possess/inherit/dispossess"
}
}