4 {
"verseID": "Ezekiel.1.4",
"source": "וָאֵ֡רֶא וְהִנֵּה֩ ר֨וּחַ סְעָרָ֜ה בָּאָ֣ה מִן־הַצָּפ֗וֹן עָנָ֤ן גָּדוֹל֙ וְאֵ֣שׁ מִתְלַקַּ֔חַת וְנֹ֥גַֽהּ ל֖וֹ סָבִ֑יב וּמִ֨תּוֹכָ֔הּ כְּעֵ֥ין הַחַשְׁמַ֖ל מִתּ֥וֹךְ הָאֵֽשׁ׃",
"text": "*wā-ʾēreʾ wə-hinnê rûaḥ səʿārâ bāʾâ min-ha-ṣāpôn ʿānān gādôl wə-ʾēš mitlaqqaḥat wə-nōgah* to-him *sābîb û-mittôkāh kə-ʿên ha-ḥašmal mittôk hā-ʾēš*",
"grammar": {
"*wā-ʾēreʾ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 1st person singular - and I saw/looked",
"*wə-hinnê*": "conjunction + demonstrative particle - and behold",
"*rûaḥ səʿārâ*": "feminine singular noun + feminine singular noun - wind of storm/stormy wind",
"*bāʾâ*": "qal participle feminine singular - coming",
"*min-ha-ṣāpôn*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - from the north",
"*ʿānān gādôl*": "masculine singular noun + masculine singular adjective - great cloud",
"*wə-ʾēš mitlaqqaḥat*": "conjunction + feminine singular noun + hitpael participle feminine singular - and fire taking hold of itself/self-consuming",
"*wə-nōgah*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun - and brightness/radiance",
"*sābîb*": "adverb - around/surrounding",
"*û-mittôkāh*": "conjunction + preposition + 3rd feminine singular suffix - and from its midst",
"*kə-ʿên*": "preposition + construct form - like the appearance of",
"*ha-ḥašmal*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the amber/electrum/gleaming metal",
"*mittôk*": "preposition + masculine singular construct - from the midst of",
"*hā-ʾēš*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the fire"
},
"variants": {
"*rûaḥ səʿārâ*": "stormy wind/tempest/whirlwind",
"*ṣāpôn*": "north/northern regions [in ANE mythology, often associated with divine dwelling]",
"*mitlaqqaḥat*": "taking hold of itself/flashing/consuming itself",
"*ḥašmal*": "amber/electrum/gleaming alloy/polished bronze [exact meaning uncertain]"
}
}
5 {
"verseID": "Ezekiel.1.5",
"source": "וּמִ֨תּוֹכָ֔הּ דְּמ֖וּת אַרְבַּ֣ע חַיּ֑וֹת וְזֶה֙ מַרְאֵֽיהֶ֔ן דְּמ֥וּת אָדָ֖ם לָהֵֽנָּה׃",
"text": "*û-mittôkāh dəmût ʾarbaʿ ḥayyôt wə-zeh marʾêhen dəmût ʾādām lāhēnnâ*",
"grammar": {
"*û-mittôkāh*": "conjunction + preposition + 3rd feminine singular suffix - and from its midst",
"*dəmût*": "feminine singular construct - likeness/form of",
"*ʾarbaʿ*": "cardinal number - four",
"*ḥayyôt*": "feminine plural noun - living creatures/beings",
"*wə-zeh*": "conjunction + demonstrative pronoun - and this [was]",
"*marʾêhen*": "masculine singular construct + 3rd feminine plural suffix - their appearance",
"*dəmût ʾādām*": "feminine singular construct + masculine singular noun - likeness of a human/man",
"*lāhēnnâ*": "preposition + 3rd feminine plural suffix - to/for them"
},
"variants": {
"*dəmût*": "likeness/form/shape/resemblance",
"*ḥayyôt*": "living creatures/living beings/animals"
}
}
6 {
"verseID": "Ezekiel.1.6",
"source": "וְאַרְבָּעָ֥ה פָנִ֖ים לְאֶחָ֑ת וְאַרְבַּ֥ע כְּנָפַ֖יִם לְאַחַ֥ת לָהֶֽם׃",
"text": "*wə-ʾarbāʿâ pānîm lə-ʾeḥāt wə-ʾarbaʿ kənāpayim lə-ʾaḥat lāhem*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-ʾarbāʿâ*": "conjunction + cardinal number - and four",
"*pānîm*": "masculine plural noun - faces",
"*lə-ʾeḥāt*": "preposition + feminine singular numeral - to each one [feminine singular]",
"*wə-ʾarbaʿ*": "conjunction + cardinal number - and four",
"*kənāpayim*": "feminine dual noun - wings [pair of wings]",
"*lə-ʾaḥat*": "preposition + feminine singular numeral - to each one [feminine singular]",
"*lāhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - to/for them"
},
"variants": {
"*pānîm*": "faces/facial appearances",
"*lāhem*": "to them/belonging to them [referring to all creatures collectively in masculine form despite feminine noun]"
}
}
7 {
"verseID": "Ezekiel.1.7",
"source": "וְרַגְלֵיהֶ֖ם רֶ֣גֶל יְשָׁרָ֑ה וְכַ֣ף רַגְלֵיהֶ֗ם כְּכַף֙ רֶ֣גֶל עֵ֔גֶל וְנֹ֣צְצִ֔ים כְּעֵ֖ין נְחֹ֥שֶׁת קָלָֽל׃",
"text": "*wə-raglêhem regel yəšārâ wə-kap raglêhem kə-kap regel ʿēgel wə-nōṣəṣîm kə-ʿên nəḥōšet qālāl*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-raglêhem*": "conjunction + feminine plural noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and their legs/feet",
"*regel yəšārâ*": "feminine singular noun + feminine singular adjective - straight leg/foot",
"*wə-kap*": "conjunction + feminine singular construct - and sole/palm of",
"*raglêhem*": "feminine plural noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their feet/legs",
"*kə-kap*": "preposition + feminine singular construct - like sole/palm of",
"*regel ʿēgel*": "feminine singular construct + masculine singular noun - foot of a calf",
"*wə-nōṣəṣîm*": "conjunction + qal participle masculine plural - and [they were] gleaming/sparkling",
"*kə-ʿên*": "preposition + construct form - like the appearance of",
"*nəḥōšet qālāl*": "feminine singular noun + masculine singular adjective - burnished bronze/polished brass"
},
"variants": {
"*yəšārâ*": "straight/upright/direct",
"*nōṣəṣîm*": "gleaming/sparkling/shining",
"*nəḥōšet qālāl*": "burnished bronze/polished brass/gleaming copper"
}
}
8 {
"verseID": "Ezekiel.1.8",
"source": "*וידו **וִידֵ֣י אָדָ֗ם מִתַּ֙חַת֙ כַּנְפֵיהֶ֔ם עַ֖ל אַרְבַּ֣עַת רִבְעֵיהֶ֑ם וּפְנֵיהֶ֥ם וְכַנְפֵיהֶ֖ם לְאַרְבַּעְתָּֽם׃",
"text": "*wîdê ʾādām mittaḥat kanpêhem ʿal ʾarbaʿat ribʿêhem û-pənêhem wə-kanpêhem lə-ʾarbaʿtām*",
"grammar": {
"*wîdê*": "conjunction + feminine plural construct - and hands of",
"*ʾādām*": "masculine singular noun - human/man",
"*mittaḥat*": "preposition - from under",
"*kanpêhem*": "feminine plural noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their wings",
"*ʿal*": "preposition - upon/on",
"*ʾarbaʿat*": "feminine singular construct - four of",
"*ribʿêhem*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their four sides/quarters",
"*û-pənêhem*": "conjunction + masculine plural noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and their faces",
"*wə-kanpêhem*": "conjunction + feminine plural noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and their wings",
"*lə-ʾarbaʿtām*": "preposition + feminine singular noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - for/to all four of them"
},
"variants": {
"*ribʿêhem*": "their sides/quarters/four directions"
}
}
9 {
"verseID": "Ezekiel.1.9",
"source": "חֹֽבְרֹ֛ת אִשָּׁ֥ה אֶל־אֲחוֹתָ֖הּ כַּנְפֵיהֶ֑ם לֹא־יִסַּ֣בּוּ בְלֶכְתָּ֔ן אִ֛ישׁ אֶל־עֵ֥בֶר פָּנָ֖יו יֵלֵֽכוּ׃",
"text": "*ḥōbərōt ʾiššâ ʾel-ʾăḥôtāh kanpêhem lōʾ-yissabbû bə-lektān ʾîš ʾel-ʿēber pānāw yēlēkû*",
"grammar": {
"*ḥōbərōt*": "qal participle feminine plural - joining",
"*ʾiššâ ʾel-ʾăḥôtāh*": "feminine singular noun + preposition + feminine singular noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - each one to its sister [idiom: to one another]",
"*kanpêhem*": "feminine plural noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their wings",
"*lōʾ-yissabbû*": "negative particle + qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they did not turn",
"*bə-lektān*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct + 3rd feminine plural suffix - in their going/when they went",
"*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - each one",
"*ʾel-ʿēber*": "preposition + masculine singular construct - toward direction of",
"*pānāw*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his faces/his front",
"*yēlēkû*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they would go"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾiššâ ʾel-ʾăḥôtāh*": "each to her sister [Hebrew idiom meaning 'to one another']",
"*ʾîš*": "each one/each of them [here not meaning 'man' but functioning as distributive]"
}
}
10 {
"verseID": "Ezekiel.1.10",
"source": "וּדְמ֣וּת פְּנֵיהֶם֮ פְּנֵ֣י אָדָם֒ וּפְנֵ֨י אַרְיֵ֤ה אֶל־הַיָּמִין֙ לְאַרְבַּעְתָּ֔ם וּפְנֵי־שׁ֥וֹר מֵֽהַשְּׂמֹ֖אול לְאַרְבַּעְתָּ֑ן וּפְנֵי־נֶ֖שֶׁר לְאַרְבַּעְתָּֽן׃",
"text": "*û-dəmût pənêhem pənê ʾādām û-pənê ʾaryê ʾel-ha-yāmîn lə-ʾarbaʿtām û-pənê-šôr mē-ha-śəmōʾwl lə-ʾarbaʿtān û-pənê-nešer lə-ʾarbaʿtān*",
"grammar": {
"*û-dəmût*": "conjunction + feminine singular construct - and likeness of",
"*pənêhem*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their faces",
"*pənê ʾādām*": "masculine plural construct + masculine singular noun - faces of a human",
"*û-pənê*": "conjunction + masculine plural construct - and faces of",
"*ʾaryê*": "masculine singular noun - lion",
"*ʾel-ha-yāmîn*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - to/on the right",
"*lə-ʾarbaʿtām*": "preposition + feminine numeral + 3rd masculine plural suffix - for/to all four of them",
"*û-pənê-šôr*": "conjunction + masculine plural construct + masculine singular noun - and faces of an ox",
"*mē-ha-śəmōʾwl*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - from the left",
"*lə-ʾarbaʿtān*": "preposition + feminine numeral + 3rd feminine plural suffix - for/to all four of them",
"*û-pənê-nešer*": "conjunction + masculine plural construct + masculine singular noun - and faces of an eagle",
"*lə-ʾarbaʿtān*": "preposition + feminine numeral + 3rd feminine plural suffix - for/to all four of them"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾaryê*": "lion/great lion",
"*šôr*": "ox/bull",
"*nešer*": "eagle/large bird of prey"
}
}
11 {
"verseID": "Ezekiel.1.11",
"source": "וּפְנֵיהֶ֕ם וְכַנְפֵיהֶ֥ם פְּרֻד֖וֹת מִלְמָ֑עְלָה לְאִ֗ישׁ שְׁ֚תַּיִם חֹבְר֣וֹת אִ֔ישׁ וּשְׁתַּ֣יִם מְכַסּ֔וֹת אֵ֖ת גְּוִיֹתֵיהֶֽנָה׃",
"text": "*û-pənêhem wə-kanpêhem pərudôt milmāʿəlâ lə-ʾîš štayim ḥōbərôt ʾîš û-štayim məkassôt ʾēt gəwiyyōtêhenâ*",
"grammar": {
"*û-pənêhem*": "conjunction + masculine plural noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and their faces",
"*wə-kanpêhem*": "conjunction + feminine plural noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and their wings",
"*pərudôt*": "qal passive participle feminine plural - [were] separated/spread",
"*milmāʿəlâ*": "preposition + adverb - from above/upward",
"*lə-ʾîš*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - for each one",
"*štayim*": "feminine cardinal number - two",
"*ḥōbərôt*": "qal participle feminine plural - joining",
"*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - each one",
"*û-štayim*": "conjunction + feminine cardinal number - and two",
"*məkassôt*": "piel participle feminine plural - covering",
"*ʾēt*": "direct object marker",
"*gəwiyyōtêhenâ*": "feminine plural noun + 3rd feminine plural suffix - their bodies"
},
"variants": {
"*pərudôt*": "separated/spread/extended",
"*ʾîš*": "each one [distributive function, not meaning 'man']",
"*gəwiyyōtêhenâ*": "their bodies/corpses/torsos [here referring to living bodies]"
}
}
12 {
"verseID": "Ezekiel.1.12",
"source": "וְאִ֛ישׁ אֶל־עֵ֥בֶר פָּנָ֖יו יֵלֵ֑כוּ אֶ֣ל אֲשֶׁר֩ יִֽהְיֶה־שָׁ֨מָּה הָר֤וּחַ לָלֶ֙כֶת֙ יֵלֵ֔כוּ לֹ֥א יִסַּ֖בּוּ בְּלֶכְתָּֽן׃",
"text": "*wə-ʾîš ʾel-ʿēber pānāw yēlēkû ʾel ʾăšer yihyeh-šāmmâ hā-rûaḥ lāleket yēlēkû lōʾ yissabbû bə-lektān*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-ʾîš*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun - and each one",
"*ʾel-ʿēber*": "preposition + masculine singular construct - toward direction of",
"*pānāw*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his faces/his front",
"*yēlēkû*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they would go",
"*ʾel ʾăšer*": "preposition + relative pronoun - to where",
"*yihyeh-šāmmâ*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular + adverb - would be there",
"*hā-rûaḥ*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the spirit/wind",
"*lāleket*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to go",
"*yēlēkû*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they would go",
"*lōʾ yissabbû*": "negative particle + qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they did not turn",
"*bə-lektān*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct + 3rd feminine plural suffix - in their going/when they went"
},
"variants": {
"*rûaḥ*": "spirit/wind/breath/mind [could refer to divine spirit or simply direction]",
"*ʾîš*": "each one [distributive function, not meaning 'man']"
}
}
13 {
"verseID": "Ezekiel.1.13",
"source": "וּדְמ֨וּת הַחַיּ֜וֹת מַרְאֵיהֶ֣ם כְּגַחֲלֵי־אֵ֗שׁ בֹּֽעֲרוֹת֙ כְּמַרְאֵ֣ה הַלַּפִּדִ֔ים הִ֕יא מִתְהַלֶּ֖כֶת בֵּ֣ין הַחַיּ֑וֹת וְנֹ֣גַהּ לָאֵ֔שׁ וּמִן־הָאֵ֖שׁ יוֹצֵ֥א בָרָֽק׃",
"text": "*û-dəmût ha-ḥayyôt marʾêhem kə-gaḥălê-ʾēš bōʿărôt kə-marʾêh ha-lappîdîm hîʾ mithaleket bên ha-ḥayyôt wə-nōgah lā-ʾēš û-min-hā-ʾēš yôṣēʾ bārāq*",
"grammar": {
"*û-dəmût*": "conjunction + feminine singular construct - and likeness of",
"*ha-ḥayyôt*": "definite article + feminine plural noun - the living creatures",
"*marʾêhem*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their appearance",
"*kə-gaḥălê-ʾēš*": "preposition + masculine plural construct + feminine singular noun - like coals of fire",
"*bōʿărôt*": "qal participle feminine plural - burning",
"*kə-marʾêh*": "preposition + masculine singular construct - like appearance of",
"*ha-lappîdîm*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the torches",
"*hîʾ*": "3rd feminine singular personal pronoun - it [was]",
"*mithaleket*": "hithpael participle feminine singular - moving itself/going back and forth",
"*bên*": "preposition - between",
"*ha-ḥayyôt*": "definite article + feminine plural noun - the living creatures",
"*wə-nōgah*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun - and brightness",
"*lā-ʾēš*": "preposition + definite article + feminine singular noun - to the fire",
"*û-min-hā-ʾēš*": "conjunction + preposition + definite article + feminine singular noun - and from the fire",
"*yôṣēʾ*": "qal participle masculine singular - going forth/coming out",
"*bārāq*": "masculine singular noun - lightning"
},
"variants": {
"*mithaleket*": "moving itself/going back and forth/flashing",
"*bārāq*": "lightning/flash"
}
}
14 {
"verseID": "Ezekiel.1.14",
"source": "וְהַחַיּ֖וֹת רָצ֣וֹא וָשׁ֑וֹב כְּמַרְאֵ֖ה הַבָּזָֽק׃",
"text": "*wə-ha-ḥayyôt rāṣôʾ wā-šôb kə-marʾêh ha-bāzāq*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-ha-ḥayyôt*": "conjunction + definite article + feminine plural noun - and the living creatures",
"*rāṣôʾ wā-šôb*": "qal infinitive absolute + conjunction + qal infinitive absolute - running and returning [verbal hendiadys]",
"*kə-marʾêh*": "preposition + masculine singular construct - like appearance of",
"*ha-bāzāq*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the lightning/flash"
},
"variants": {
"*rāṣôʾ wā-šôb*": "running to and fro/darting back and forth/flashing back and forth",
"*bāzāq*": "lightning flash/lightning bolt"
}
}
15 {
"verseID": "Ezekiel.1.15",
"source": "וָאֵ֖רֶא הַחַיּ֑וֹת וְהִנֵּה֩ אוֹפַ֨ן אֶחָ֥ד בָּאָ֛רֶץ אֵ֥צֶל הַחַיּ֖וֹת לְאַרְבַּ֥עַת פָּנָֽיו׃",
"text": "*wā-ʾēreʾ ha-ḥayyôt wə-hinnê ʾôpan ʾeḥād bā-ʾāreṣ ʾēṣel ha-ḥayyôt lə-ʾarbaʿat pānāw*",
"grammar": {
"*wā-ʾēreʾ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 1st person singular - and I saw",
"*ha-ḥayyôt*": "definite article + feminine plural noun - the living creatures",
"*wə-hinnê*": "conjunction + demonstrative particle - and behold",
"*ʾôpan ʾeḥād*": "masculine singular noun + cardinal number masculine singular - one wheel",
"*bā-ʾāreṣ*": "preposition + definite article + feminine singular noun - on the earth/ground",
"*ʾēṣel*": "preposition - beside",
"*ha-ḥayyôt*": "definite article + feminine plural noun - the living creatures",
"*lə-ʾarbaʿat*": "preposition + feminine singular construct - for/to four of",
"*pānāw*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his faces"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾôpan*": "wheel/whirling thing",
"*ʾēṣel*": "beside/next to/near"
}
}
16 {
"verseID": "Ezekiel.1.16",
"source": "מַרְאֵ֨ה הָאוֹפַנִּ֤ים וּמַעֲשֵׂיהֶם֙ כְּעֵ֣ין תַּרְשִׁ֔ישׁ וּדְמ֥וּת אֶחָ֖ד לְאַרְבַּעְתָּ֑ן וּמַרְאֵיהֶם֙ וּמַ֣עֲשֵׂיהֶ֔ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר יִהְיֶ֥ה הָאוֹפַ֖ן בְּת֥וֹךְ הָאוֹפָֽן׃",
"text": "*marʾêh hā-ʾôpannîm û-maʿăśêhem kə-ʿên taršîš û-dəmût ʾeḥād lə-ʾarbaʿtān û-marʾêhem û-maʿăśêhem ka-ʾăšer yihyeh hā-ʾôpan bə-tôk hā-ʾôpān*",
"grammar": {
"*marʾêh*": "masculine singular construct - appearance of",
"*hā-ʾôpannîm*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the wheels",
"*û-maʿăśêhem*": "conjunction + masculine plural noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and their workmanship",
"*kə-ʿên*": "preposition + construct form - like the appearance of",
"*taršîš*": "proper noun/masculine singular noun - tarshish [gemstone]",
"*û-dəmût*": "conjunction + feminine singular construct - and likeness of",
"*ʾeḥād*": "cardinal number masculine singular - one",
"*lə-ʾarbaʿtān*": "preposition + feminine numeral + 3rd feminine plural suffix - for/to all four of them",
"*û-marʾêhem*": "conjunction + masculine plural noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and their appearance",
"*û-maʿăśêhem*": "conjunction + masculine plural noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and their workmanship",
"*ka-ʾăšer*": "preposition + relative pronoun - as if/like when",
"*yihyeh*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - would be",
"*hā-ʾôpan*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the wheel",
"*bə-tôk*": "preposition + masculine singular construct - in the midst of",
"*hā-ʾôpān*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the wheel"
},
"variants": {
"*taršîš*": "beryl/chrysolite/amber [exact gemstone uncertain]",
"*maʿăśêhem*": "their workmanship/their work/their construction"
}
}
17 {
"verseID": "Ezekiel.1.17",
"source": "עַל־אַרְבַּ֥עַת רִבְעֵיהֶ֖ן בְּלֶכְתָּ֣ם יֵלֵ֑כוּ לֹ֥א יִסַּ֖בּוּ בְּלֶכְתָּֽן׃",
"text": "*ʿal-ʾarbaʿat ribʿêhen bə-lektām yēlēkû lōʾ yissabbû bə-lektān*",
"grammar": {
"*ʿal-ʾarbaʿat*": "preposition + feminine singular construct - upon/on four of",
"*ribʿêhen*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd feminine plural suffix - their four sides/quarters",
"*bə-lektām*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct + 3rd masculine plural suffix - in their going/when they went",
"*yēlēkû*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they would go",
"*lōʾ yissabbû*": "negative particle + qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they did not turn",
"*bə-lektān*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct + 3rd feminine plural suffix - in their going/when they went"
},
"variants": {
"*ribʿêhen*": "their sides/quarters/directions"
}
}
18 {
"verseID": "Ezekiel.1.18",
"source": "וְגַ֨בֵּיהֶ֔ן וְגֹ֥בַהּ לָהֶ֖ם וְיִרְאָ֣ה לָהֶ֑ם וְגַבֹּתָ֗ם מְלֵאֹ֥ת עֵינַ֛יִם סָבִ֖יב לְאַרְבַּעְתָּֽן׃",
"text": "*wə-gabbêhen wə-gōbah lāhem wə-yirʾâ lāhem wə-gabbōtām məlēʾōt ʿênayim sābîb lə-ʾarbaʿtān*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-gabbêhen*": "conjunction + masculine plural noun + 3rd feminine plural suffix - and their rims/felloes",
"*wə-gōbah*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun - and height",
"*lāhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - to/for them",
"*wə-yirʾâ*": "conjunction + feminine singular noun - and awesomeness/fear",
"*lāhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - to/for them",
"*wə-gabbōtām*": "conjunction + feminine plural noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and their rims/felloes",
"*məlēʾōt*": "qal passive participle feminine plural - [were] full of",
"*ʿênayim*": "feminine dual noun - eyes",
"*sābîb*": "adverb - around/surrounding",
"*lə-ʾarbaʿtān*": "preposition + feminine numeral + 3rd feminine plural suffix - for/to all four of them"
},
"variants": {
"*gabbêhen*": "their rims/felloes/back parts",
"*yirʾâ*": "awesomeness/fearfulness/dread"
}
}
19 {
"verseID": "Ezekiel.1.19",
"source": "וּבְלֶ֙כֶת֙ הַֽחַיּ֔וֹת יֵלְכ֥וּ הָאוֹפַנִּ֖ים אֶצְלָ֑ם וּבְהִנָּשֵׂ֤א הַֽחַיּוֹת֙ מֵעַ֣ל הָאָ֔רֶץ יִנָּשְׂא֖וּ הָאוֹפַנִּֽים׃",
"text": "*û-bə-leket ha-ḥayyôt yēlkû hā-ʾôpannîm ʾeṣlām û-bə-hinnāśēʾ ha-ḥayyôt mē-ʿal hā-ʾāreṣ yinnāśəʾû hā-ʾôpannîm*",
"grammar": {
"*û-bə-leket*": "conjunction + preposition + qal infinitive construct - and when/as the going of",
"*ha-ḥayyôt*": "definite article + feminine plural noun - the living creatures",
"*yēlkû*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they would go",
"*hā-ʾôpannîm*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the wheels",
"*ʾeṣlām*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - beside them",
"*û-bə-hinnāśēʾ*": "conjunction + preposition + niphal infinitive construct - and when the lifting up of",
"*ha-ḥayyôt*": "definite article + feminine plural noun - the living creatures",
"*mē-ʿal*": "preposition + preposition - from upon",
"*hā-ʾāreṣ*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the earth/ground",
"*yinnāśəʾû*": "niphal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they would be lifted up",
"*hā-ʾôpannîm*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the wheels"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾeṣlām*": "beside them/near them/along with them"
}
}
20 {
"verseID": "Ezekiel.1.20",
"source": "עַ֣ל אֲשֶׁר֩ יִֽהְיֶה־שָּׁ֨ם הָר֤וּחַ לָלֶ֙כֶת֙ יֵלֵ֔כוּ שָׁ֥מָּה הָר֖וּחַ לָלֶ֑כֶת וְהָאוֹפַנִּ֗ים יִנָּשְׂאוּ֙ לְעֻמָּתָ֔ם כִּ֛י ר֥וּחַ הַחַיָּ֖ה בָּאוֹפַנִּֽים׃",
"text": "*ʿal ʾăšer yihyeh-šām hā-rûaḥ lāleket yēlēkû šāmmâ hā-rûaḥ lāleket wə-hā-ʾôpannîm yinnāśəʾû lə-ʿummātām kî rûaḥ ha-ḥayyâ bā-ʾôpannîm*",
"grammar": {
"*ʿal ʾăšer*": "preposition + relative pronoun - to where",
"*yihyeh-šām*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular + adverb - would be there",
"*hā-rûaḥ*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the spirit/wind",
"*lāleket*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to go",
"*yēlēkû*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they would go",
"*šāmmâ*": "adverb - there",
"*hā-rûaḥ*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the spirit/wind",
"*lāleket*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to go",
"*wə-hā-ʾôpannîm*": "conjunction + definite article + masculine plural noun - and the wheels",
"*yinnāśəʾû*": "niphal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they would be lifted up",
"*lə-ʿummātām*": "preposition + feminine singular noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - alongside them",
"*kî*": "conjunction - for/because",
"*rûaḥ*": "feminine singular construct - spirit of",
"*ha-ḥayyâ*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the living creature",
"*bā-ʾôpannîm*": "preposition + definite article + masculine plural noun - in the wheels"
},
"variants": {
"*rûaḥ*": "spirit/wind/breath/mind",
"*rûaḥ ha-ḥayyâ*": "spirit of the living creature/life-spirit of the creature",
"*lə-ʿummātām*": "alongside them/corresponding to them/in conjunction with them"
}
}
21 {
"verseID": "Ezekiel.1.21",
"source": "בְּלֶכְתָּ֣ם יֵלֵ֔כוּ וּבְעָמְדָ֖ם יֽ͏ַעֲמֹ֑דוּ וּֽבְהִנָּשְׂאָ֞ם מֵעַ֣ל הָאָ֗רֶץ יִנָּשְׂא֤וּ הָאֽוֹפַנִּים֙ לְעֻמָּתָ֔ם כִּ֛י ר֥וּחַ הַחַיָּ֖ה בָּאוֹפַנִּֽים׃",
"text": "*bə-lektām yēlēkû û-bə-ʿāmədām yaʿămōdû û-bə-hinnāśəʾām mē-ʿal hā-ʾāreṣ yinnāśəʾû hā-ʾôpannîm lə-ʿummātām kî rûaḥ ha-ḥayyâ bā-ʾôpannîm*",
"grammar": {
"*bə-lektām*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct + 3rd masculine plural suffix - in their going/when they went",
"*yēlēkû*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they would go",
"*û-bə-ʿāmədām*": "conjunction + preposition + qal infinitive construct + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and when they stood",
"*yaʿămōdû*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they would stand",
"*û-bə-hinnāśəʾām*": "conjunction + preposition + niphal infinitive construct + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and when they were lifted up",
"*mē-ʿal*": "preposition + preposition - from upon",
"*hā-ʾāreṣ*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the earth/ground",
"*yinnāśəʾû*": "niphal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they would be lifted up",
"*hā-ʾôpannîm*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the wheels",
"*lə-ʿummātām*": "preposition + feminine singular noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - alongside them",
"*kî*": "conjunction - for/because",
"*rûaḥ*": "feminine singular construct - spirit of",
"*ha-ḥayyâ*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the living creature",
"*bā-ʾôpannîm*": "preposition + definite article + masculine plural noun - in the wheels"
},
"variants": {
"*rûaḥ ha-ḥayyâ*": "spirit of the living creature/life-spirit of the creature",
"*lə-ʿummātām*": "alongside them/corresponding to them/in conjunction with them"
}
}