1{
"verseID": "Ezekiel.34.1",
"source": "וַיְהִ֥י דְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה אֵלַ֥י לֵאמֹֽר׃",
"text": "And *wayḥî* *dəḇar*-*YHWH* unto me *lēʾmōr*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayḥî*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it came/happened",
"*dəḇar*": "construct state, masculine singular - word of",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name",
"*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to say"
},
"variants": {
"*wayḥî*": "and it happened/came to pass/occurred",
"*dəḇar*": "word/speech/matter/thing",
"*lēʾmōr*": "saying/to say"
}
}
2{
"verseID": "Ezekiel.34.2",
"source": "בֶּן־אָדָ֕ם הִנָּבֵ֖א עַל־רוֹעֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל הִנָּבֵ֣א וְאָמַרְתָּ֩ אֲלֵיהֶ֨ם לָרֹעִ֜ים כֹּ֥ה אָמַ֣ר ׀ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֗ה ה֤וֹי רֹעֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֲשֶׁ֤ר הָיוּ֙ רֹעִ֣ים אוֹתָ֔ם הֲל֣וֹא הַצֹּ֔אן יִרְע֖וּ הָרֹעִֽים׃",
"text": "*ben*-*ʾādām* *hinnāḇēʾ* against-*rôʿê* *Yiśrāʾēl* *hinnāḇēʾ* and-*ʾāmartā* unto-them to-the-*rōʿîm* thus *ʾāmar* *ʾădōnāy* *YHWH* *hôy* *rōʿê*-*Yiśrāʾēl* who *hāyû* *rōʿîm* them, *hălôʾ* the-*ṣōʾn* *yirʿû* the-*rōʿîm*?",
"grammar": {
"*ben*": "construct state, masculine singular - son of",
"*ʾādām*": "proper noun, masculine singular - man/Adam/mankind",
"*hinnāḇēʾ*": "niphal imperative, masculine singular - prophesy",
"*rôʿê*": "plural construct state - shepherds of",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun",
"*ʾāmartā*": "qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular with waw-consecutive - and you will say",
"*rōʿîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - shepherds",
"*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - said/spoke",
"*ʾădōnāy*": "proper noun, divine title - my Lord",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name",
"*hôy*": "interjection - woe/alas",
"*hāyû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they were",
"*hălôʾ*": "interrogative particle - is it not?",
"*ṣōʾn*": "common noun, feminine singular collective - flock/sheep",
"*yirʿû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they feed/shepherd"
},
"variants": {
"*ben*-*ʾādām*": "son of man/human",
"*hinnāḇēʾ*": "prophesy/speak as a prophet",
"*rôʿê*": "shepherds/pastors/rulers",
"*ʾāmartā*": "you shall say/speak",
"*rōʿîm*": "shepherds/those who feed",
"*hôy*": "woe/alas/ah",
"*hālôʾ*": "is it not?/shouldn't?",
"*ṣōʾn*": "flock/sheep/small cattle",
"*yirʿû*": "they should feed/tend/shepherd"
}
}
3{
"verseID": "Ezekiel.34.3",
"source": "אֶת־הַחֵ֤לֶב תֹּאכֵ֙לוּ֙ וְאֶת־הַצֶּ֣מֶר תִּלְבָּ֔שׁוּ הַבְּרִיאָ֖ה תִּזְבָּ֑חוּ הַצֹּ֖אן לֹ֥א תִרְעֽוּ׃",
"text": "*ʾēṯ*-the-*ḥēleḇ* *tōʾḵēlû* and-*ʾēṯ*-the-*ṣemer* *tilbāšû*, the-*bərîʾâ* *tizbāḥû*, the-*ṣōʾn* not *ṯirʿû*.",
"grammar": {
"*ʾēṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*ḥēleḇ*": "common noun, masculine singular - fat",
"*tōʾḵēlû*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you eat",
"*ṣemer*": "common noun, masculine singular - wool",
"*tilbāšû*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you clothe/wear",
"*bərîʾâ*": "adjective, feminine singular - fat/fattened",
"*tizbāḥû*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you slaughter/sacrifice",
"*ṣōʾn*": "common noun, feminine singular collective - flock/sheep",
"*ṯirʿû*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you feed/shepherd"
},
"variants": {
"*ḥēleḇ*": "fat/best part",
"*tōʾḵēlû*": "you eat/consume/devour",
"*ṣemer*": "wool/fleece",
"*tilbāšû*": "you wear/clothe yourselves with",
"*bərîʾâ*": "fat/fattened/plump [animal]",
"*tizbāḥû*": "you slaughter/kill/sacrifice",
"*ṯirʿû*": "you shepherd/feed/tend"
}
}
4{
"verseID": "Ezekiel.34.4",
"source": "אֶֽת־הַנַּחְלוֹת֩ לֹ֨א חִזַּקְתֶּ֜ם וְאֶת־הַחוֹלָ֣ה לֹֽא־רִפֵּאתֶ֗ם וְלַנִּשְׁבֶּ֙רֶת֙ לֹ֣א חֲבַשְׁתֶּ֔ם וְאֶת־הַנִּדַּ֙חַת֙ לֹ֣א הֲשֵׁבֹתֶ֔ם וְאֶת־הָאֹבֶ֖דֶת לֹ֣א בִקַּשְׁתֶּ֑ם וּבְחָזְקָ֛ה רְדִיתֶ֥ם אֹתָ֖ם וּבְפָֽרֶךְ׃",
"text": "*ʾēṯ*-the-*naḥlôṯ* not *ḥizzaqtem* and-*ʾēṯ*-the-*ḥôlâ* not-*rippēʾṯem* and-to-the-*nišbereṯ* not *ḥăḇaštem* and-*ʾēṯ*-the-*niddaḥaṯ* not *hăšēḇōṯem* and-*ʾēṯ*-the-*ʾōḇedeṯ* not *biqqaštem*, and-in-*ḥozqâ* *rəḏîṯem* them and-in-*pāreḵ*.",
"grammar": {
"*ʾēṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*naḥlôṯ*": "niphal participle, feminine plural - weak/sick ones",
"*ḥizzaqtem*": "piel perfect, 2nd masculine plural - you strengthened",
"*ḥôlâ*": "qal participle, feminine singular - sick one",
"*rippēʾṯem*": "piel perfect, 2nd masculine plural - you healed",
"*nišbereṯ*": "niphal participle, feminine singular - broken one",
"*ḥăḇaštem*": "qal perfect, 2nd masculine plural - you bound up",
"*niddaḥaṯ*": "niphal participle, feminine singular - driven away/scattered one",
"*hăšēḇōṯem*": "hiphil perfect, 2nd masculine plural - you brought back",
"*ʾōḇedeṯ*": "qal participle, feminine singular - lost one",
"*biqqaštem*": "piel perfect, 2nd masculine plural - you sought",
"*ḥozqâ*": "noun, feminine singular - strength/force",
"*rəḏîṯem*": "qal perfect, 2nd masculine plural - you ruled",
"*pāreḵ*": "noun, masculine singular - harshness/severity"
},
"variants": {
"*naḥlôṯ*": "weak/sick/diseased ones",
"*ḥizzaqtem*": "you strengthened/made strong/supported",
"*ḥôlâ*": "sick/ill/diseased one",
"*rippēʾṯem*": "you healed/cured",
"*nišbereṯ*": "broken/injured/fractured one",
"*ḥăḇaštem*": "you bound up/bandaged",
"*niddaḥaṯ*": "driven away/banished/outcast one",
"*hăšēḇōṯem*": "you brought back/returned/restored",
"*ʾōḇedeṯ*": "lost/straying/perishing one",
"*biqqaštem*": "you sought/searched for",
"*ḥozqâ*": "force/harshness/severity",
"*rəḏîṯem*": "you ruled/dominated/governed",
"*pāreḵ*": "harshness/rigor/cruelty"
}
}
5{
"verseID": "Ezekiel.34.5",
"source": "וַתְּפוּצֶ֖ינָה מִבְּלִ֣י רֹעֶ֑ה וַתִּהְיֶ֧ינָה לְאָכְלָ֛ה לְכָל־חַיַּ֥ת הַשָּׂדֶ֖ה וַתְּפוּצֶֽינָה׃",
"text": "And-*wattəp̄ûṣeynâ* from-without *rōʿeh*, and-*wattiḥyeynâ* for-*ʾoḵlâ* to-all-*ḥayyaṯ* the-*śāḏeh* and-*wattəp̄ûṣeynâ*.",
"grammar": {
"*wattəp̄ûṣeynâ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd feminine plural with waw-consecutive - and they were scattered",
"*rōʿeh*": "qal participle, masculine singular - shepherd",
"*wattiḥyeynâ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd feminine plural with waw-consecutive - and they became",
"*ʾoḵlâ*": "noun, feminine singular - food",
"*ḥayyaṯ*": "construct state, feminine singular - living thing/beast of",
"*śāḏeh*": "noun, masculine singular - field"
},
"variants": {
"*wattəp̄ûṣeynâ*": "and they were scattered/dispersed",
"*rōʿeh*": "shepherd/herdsman/pastor",
"*wattiḥyeynâ*": "and they became/were",
"*ʾoḵlâ*": "food/prey/consumption",
"*ḥayyaṯ*": "beasts/animals of",
"*śāḏeh*": "field/open country/wild"
}
}
6{
"verseID": "Ezekiel.34.6",
"source": "יִשְׁגּ֤וּ צֹאנִי֙ בְּכָל־הֶ֣הָרִ֔ים וְעַ֖ל כָּל־גִּבְעָ֣ה רָמָ֑ה וְעַ֨ל כָּל־פְּנֵ֤י הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ נָפֹ֣צוּ צֹאנִ֔י וְאֵ֥ין דּוֹרֵ֖שׁ וְאֵ֥ין מְבַקֵּֽשׁ׃",
"text": "*yišgû* *ṣōʾnî* in-all-the-*hehārîm* and-on all-*giḇʿâ* *rāmâ*, and-on all-*pənê* the-*ʾāreṣ* *nāp̄ōṣû* *ṣōʾnî* and-*ʾên* *dôrēš* and-*ʾên* *məḇaqqēš*.",
"grammar": {
"*yišgû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd common plural - they wander/go astray",
"*ṣōʾnî*": "common noun, feminine singular construct with 1st singular suffix - my flock",
"*hehārîm*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the mountains",
"*giḇʿâ*": "noun, feminine singular - hill",
"*rāmâ*": "adjective, feminine singular - high/lofty",
"*pənê*": "noun, common plural construct - faces of",
"*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the land/earth",
"*nāp̄ōṣû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they were scattered",
"*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is not",
"*dôrēš*": "qal participle, masculine singular - seeking",
"*məḇaqqēš*": "piel participle, masculine singular - searching"
},
"variants": {
"*yišgû*": "they wander/go astray/err",
"*ṣōʾnî*": "my flock/sheep",
"*hehārîm*": "the mountains/hills",
"*giḇʿâ*": "hill/height",
"*rāmâ*": "high/lofty/exalted",
"*pənê*": "face/surface of",
"*ʾāreṣ*": "land/earth/ground",
"*nāp̄ōṣû*": "they were scattered/dispersed",
"*dôrēš*": "one seeking/inquiring/caring for",
"*məḇaqqēš*": "one searching for/looking for"
}
}
7{
"verseID": "Ezekiel.34.7",
"source": "לָכֵ֣ן רֹעִ֔ים שִׁמְע֖וּ אֶת־דְּבַ֥ר יְהוָֽה׃",
"text": "Therefore, *rōʿîm*, *šimʿû* *ʾēṯ*-*dəḇar* *YHWH*.",
"grammar": {
"*rōʿîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - shepherds",
"*šimʿû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - hear/listen",
"*ʾēṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*dəḇar*": "construct state, masculine singular - word of",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name"
},
"variants": {
"*rōʿîm*": "shepherds/pastors/rulers",
"*šimʿû*": "hear/listen to/obey",
"*dəḇar*": "word/speech/matter"
}
}
8{
"verseID": "Ezekiel.34.8",
"source": "חַי־אָ֜נִי נְאֻ֣ם ׀ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֗ה אִם־לֹ֣א יַ֣עַן הֱיֽוֹת־צֹאנִ֣י ׀ לָבַ֡ז וַתִּֽהְיֶינָה֩ צֹאנִ֨י לְאָכְלָ֜ה לְכָל־חַיַּ֤ת הַשָּׂדֶה֙ מֵאֵ֣ין רֹעֶ֔ה וְלֹֽא־דָרְשׁ֥וּ רֹעַ֖י אֶת־צֹאנִ֑י וַיִּרְע֤וּ הָֽרֹעִים֙ אוֹתָ֔ם וְאֶת־צֹאנִ֖י לֹ֥א רָעֽוּ׃",
"text": "*ḥay*-I, *nəʾum* *ʾăḏōnāy* *YHWH*, *ʾim*-not, *yaʿan* *hĕyôṯ*-*ṣōʾnî* for-*baz*, and-*wattiḥyeynâ* *ṣōʾnî* for-*ʾoḵlâ* to-all-*ḥayyaṯ* the-*śāḏeh* from-*ʾên* *rōʿeh*, and-not-*dārəšû* *rōʿay* *ʾēṯ*-*ṣōʾnî*, and-*wayyirʿû* the-*rōʿîm* them, and-*ʾēṯ*-*ṣōʾnî* not *rāʿû*.",
"grammar": {
"*ḥay*": "adjective, masculine singular - living/alive",
"*nəʾum*": "noun, masculine singular construct - declaration of",
"*ʾăḏōnāy*": "proper noun, divine title - my Lord",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name",
"*ʾim*": "conditional particle - if",
"*yaʿan*": "conjunction - because",
"*hĕyôṯ*": "qal infinitive construct - being",
"*ṣōʾnî*": "common noun, feminine singular construct with 1st singular suffix - my flock",
"*baz*": "noun, masculine singular - spoil/plunder",
"*wattiḥyeynâ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd feminine plural with waw-consecutive - and they became",
"*ʾoḵlâ*": "noun, feminine singular - food",
"*ḥayyaṯ*": "construct state, feminine singular - beast of",
"*śāḏeh*": "noun, masculine singular - field",
"*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is not",
"*rōʿeh*": "qal participle, masculine singular - shepherd",
"*dārəšû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they sought",
"*rōʿay*": "qal participle, masculine plural with 1st singular suffix - my shepherds",
"*wayyirʿû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd common plural with waw-consecutive - and they fed",
"*rōʿîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - shepherds",
"*rāʿû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they fed"
},
"variants": {
"*ḥay*": "as I live/living",
"*nəʾum*": "utterance/declaration/oracle of",
"*yaʿan*": "because/on account of",
"*hĕyôṯ*": "being/becoming",
"*baz*": "prey/spoil/plunder",
"*wattiḥyeynâ*": "and they became/were",
"*ʾoḵlâ*": "food/prey",
"*rōʿay*": "my shepherds/pastors",
"*dārəšû*": "they sought/cared for/inquired after",
"*wayyirʿû*": "and they fed/tended/shepherded",
"*rāʿû*": "they fed/tended/shepherded"
}
}
9{
"verseID": "Ezekiel.34.9",
"source": "לָכֵן֙ הָֽרֹעִ֔ים שִׁמְע֖וּ דְּבַר־יְהוָֽה׃",
"text": "Therefore, the-*rōʿîm*, *šimʿû* *dəḇar*-*YHWH*.",
"grammar": {
"*rōʿîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural with definite article - the shepherds",
"*šimʿû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - hear/listen",
"*dəḇar*": "construct state, masculine singular - word of",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name"
},
"variants": {
"*rōʿîm*": "shepherds/pastors/rulers",
"*šimʿû*": "hear/listen to/obey",
"*dəḇar*": "word/speech/matter"
}
}
10{
"verseID": "Ezekiel.34.10",
"source": "כֹּה־אָמַ֞ר אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֗ה הִנְנִ֨י אֶֽל־הָרֹעִ֜ים וְֽדָרַשְׁתִּ֧י אֶת־צֹאנִ֣י מִיָּדָ֗ם וְהִשְׁבַּתִּים֙ מֵרְע֣וֹת צֹ֔אן וְלֹא־יִרְע֥וּ ע֛וֹד הָרֹעִ֖ים אוֹתָ֑ם וְהִצַּלְתִּ֤י צֹאנִי֙ מִפִּיהֶ֔ם וְלֹֽא־תִהְיֶ֥יןָ לָהֶ֖ם לְאָכְלָֽה׃",
"text": "Thus-*ʾāmar* *ʾăḏōnāy* *YHWH*: *hinənî* against-the-*rōʿîm* and-*ḏārašətî* *ʾēṯ*-*ṣōʾnî* from-*yāḏām*, and-*hišbattîm* from-*rəʿôṯ* *ṣōʾn*, and-not-*yirʿû* again the-*rōʿîm* them, and-*hiṣṣaltî* *ṣōʾnî* from-*pîhem*, and-not-*ṯihyeynā* to-them for-*ʾoḵlâ*.",
"grammar": {
"*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - said",
"*ʾăḏōnāy*": "proper noun, divine title - my Lord",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name",
"*hinənî*": "interjection with 1st singular suffix - behold me",
"*rōʿîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural with definite article - the shepherds",
"*ḏārašətî*": "qal perfect, 1st singular - I will require/demand",
"*ʾēṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*ṣōʾnî*": "common noun, feminine singular with 1st singular suffix - my flock",
"*yāḏām*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their hand",
"*hišbattîm*": "hiphil perfect, 1st singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - I will cause them to cease",
"*rəʿôṯ*": "qal infinitive construct - shepherding/feeding",
"*ṣōʾn*": "common noun, feminine singular - flock",
"*yirʿû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they feed",
"*hiṣṣaltî*": "hiphil perfect, 1st singular - I will deliver",
"*pîhem*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their mouth",
"*ṯihyeynā*": "qal imperfect, 3rd feminine plural - they will be",
"*ʾoḵlâ*": "noun, feminine singular - food"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾāmar*": "said/spoke/declared",
"*hinənî*": "behold me/here I am",
"*ḏārašətî*": "I will require/demand/seek",
"*yāḏām*": "their hand/power/control",
"*hišbattîm*": "I will cause them to cease/stop/end",
"*rəʿôṯ*": "feeding/shepherding/tending",
"*yirʿû*": "they will feed/shepherd/tend",
"*hiṣṣaltî*": "I will deliver/rescue/save",
"*pîhem*": "their mouth/command",
"*ṯihyeynā*": "they will be/become/exist",
"*ʾoḵlâ*": "food/prey/meal"
}
}
11{
"verseID": "Ezekiel.34.11",
"source": "כִּ֛י כֹּ֥ה אָמַ֖ר אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֑ה הִנְנִי־אָ֕נִי וְדָרַשְׁתִּ֥י אֶת־צֹאנִ֖י וּבִקַּרְתִּֽים׃",
"text": "For thus *ʾāmar* *ʾăḏōnāy* *YHWH*: *hinənî*-I and-*ḏārašətî* *ʾēṯ*-*ṣōʾnî* and-*ḇiqqartîm*.",
"grammar": {
"*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - said",
"*ʾăḏōnāy*": "proper noun, divine title - my Lord",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name",
"*hinənî*": "interjection with 1st singular suffix - behold me",
"*ḏārašətî*": "qal perfect, 1st singular - I will seek",
"*ʾēṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*ṣōʾnî*": "common noun, feminine singular with 1st singular suffix - my flock",
"*ḇiqqartîm*": "piel perfect, 1st singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - I will search for them"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾāmar*": "said/spoke/declared",
"*hinənî*": "behold me/here I am",
"*ḏārašətî*": "I will seek/search for/inquire after",
"*ṣōʾnî*": "my flock/sheep",
"*ḇiqqartîm*": "I will search for them/inspect them/look after them"
}
}
12{
"verseID": "Ezekiel.34.12",
"source": "כְּבַקָּרַת֩ רֹעֶ֨ה עֶדְר֜וֹ בְּיוֹם־הֱיוֹת֤וֹ בְתוֹךְ־צֹאנוֹ֙ נִפְרָשׁ֔וֹת כֵּ֖ן אֲבַקֵּ֣ר אֶת־צֹאנִ֑י וְהִצַּלְתִּ֣י אֶתְהֶ֗ם מִכָּל־הַמְּקוֹמֹת֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר נָפֹ֣צוּ שָׁ֔ם בְּי֖וֹם עָנָ֖[t]ן וַעֲרָפֶֽל׃",
"text": "Like-*ḇaqqāraṯ* *rōʿeh* *ʿeḏrô* in-day-*hĕyôṯô* in-midst-*ṣōʾnô* *nip̄rāšôṯ*, so *ʾăḇaqqēr* *ʾēṯ*-*ṣōʾnî* and-*hiṣṣaltî* them from-all-the-*məqômōṯ* which *nāp̄ōṣû* there in-day *ʿānān* and-*ʿărāp̄el*.",
"grammar": {
"*ḇaqqāraṯ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - seeking of",
"*rōʿeh*": "qal participle, masculine singular - shepherd",
"*ʿeḏrô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his flock",
"*hĕyôṯô*": "qal infinitive construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his being",
"*ṣōʾnô*": "common noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his flock",
"*nip̄rāšôṯ*": "niphal participle, feminine plural - scattered ones",
"*ʾăḇaqqēr*": "piel imperfect, 1st singular - I will search",
"*ʾēṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*ṣōʾnî*": "common noun, feminine singular with 1st singular suffix - my flock",
"*hiṣṣaltî*": "hiphil perfect, 1st singular - I will deliver",
"*məqômōṯ*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the places",
"*nāp̄ōṣû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they were scattered",
"*ʿānān*": "noun, masculine singular - cloud",
"*ʿărāp̄el*": "noun, masculine singular - thick darkness"
},
"variants": {
"*ḇaqqāraṯ*": "seeking/searching/looking after",
"*rōʿeh*": "shepherd/herdsman",
"*ʿeḏrô*": "his flock/herd",
"*hĕyôṯô*": "his being/when he is",
"*ṣōʾnô*": "his flock/sheep",
"*nip̄rāšôṯ*": "scattered/dispersed ones",
"*ʾăḇaqqēr*": "I will search for/seek/look after",
"*hiṣṣaltî*": "I will deliver/rescue/save",
"*məqômōṯ*": "places/locations",
"*nāp̄ōṣû*": "they were scattered/dispersed",
"*ʿānān*": "cloud/cloudiness",
"*ʿărāp̄el*": "thick darkness/gloom/dark cloud"
}
}