Lev 11:2-9 : 2 {
"verseID": "Leviticus.11.2",
"source": "דַּבְּר֛וּ אֶל־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֵאמֹ֑ר זֹ֤את הַֽחַיָּה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר תֹּאכְל֔וּ מִכָּל־הַבְּהֵמָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר עַל־הָאָֽרֶץ",
"text": "*Dabbərū* unto-*bənê* *Yiśrāʾēl* *lēʾmōr* this the-*ḥayyâ* which *tōʾḵəlū* from-all-the-*bəhēmâ* which upon-the-*ʾāreṣ*",
"grammar": {
"*Dabbərū*": "Piel imperative, 2nd masculine plural - speak/say",
"*bənê*": "construct state, masculine plural - sons/children of",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to say/saying",
"*zōʾt*": "feminine singular demonstrative pronoun - this",
"*ha-ḥayyâ*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the living thing/animal",
"*tōʾḵəlū*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you may eat",
"*ha-bəhēmâ*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the beast/cattle/animal",
"*ʾāreṣ*": "feminine singular noun - earth/land/ground"
},
"variants": {
"*ḥayyâ*": "living thing/animal/creature",
"*bəhēmâ*": "beast/cattle/livestock/animal",
"*ʾāreṣ*": "earth/land/ground/territory"
}
}
3 {
"verseID": "Leviticus.11.3",
"source": "כֹּ֣ל ׀ מַפְרֶ֣סֶת פַּרְסָ֗ה וְשֹׁסַ֤עַת שֶׁ֙סַע֙ פְּרָסֹ֔ת מַעֲלַ֥ת גֵּרָ֖ה בַּבְּהֵמָ֑ה אֹתָ֖הּ תֹּאכֵֽלוּ",
"text": "Any *mafreseth* *parsâ* and-*šōsaʿat* *šesaʿ* *pərāsōt* *maʿălat* *gērâ* among-the-*bəhēmâ* it *tōʾḵēlū*",
"grammar": {
"*kōl*": "noun, construct state - any/all of",
"*mafreseth*": "Hifil participle, feminine singular - dividing/having divided",
"*parsâ*": "feminine singular noun - hoof",
"*wə-šōsaʿat*": "waw conjunction + Qal participle, feminine singular - and cleaving/splitting",
"*šesaʿ*": "masculine singular noun - cleft/division",
"*pərāsōt*": "feminine plural noun - hooves",
"*maʿălat*": "Hifil participle, feminine singular - bringing up/chewing",
"*gērâ*": "feminine singular noun - cud",
"*ba-bəhēmâ*": "preposition + definite article + feminine singular noun - among the beasts/cattle",
"*ʾōtāh*": "direct object marker + 3rd feminine singular suffix - it/that",
"*tōʾḵēlū*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you may eat"
},
"variants": {
"*mafreseth parsâ*": "parts the hoof/has split hooves",
"*šōsaʿat šesaʿ pərāsōt*": "completely splits the hoof/has wholly divided hooves",
"*maʿălat gērâ*": "brings up the cud/chews the cud/ruminates"
}
}
4 {
"verseID": "Leviticus.11.4",
"source": "אַ֤ךְ אֶת־זֶה֙ לֹ֣א תֹֽאכְל֔וּ מִֽמַּעֲלֵי֙ הַגֵּרָ֔ה וּמִמַּפְרִיסֵ֖י הַפַּרְסָ֑ה אֶֽת־הַ֠גָּמָל כִּֽי־מַעֲלֵ֨ה גֵרָ֜ה ה֗וּא וּפַרְסָה֙ אֵינֶ֣נּוּ מַפְרִ֔יס טָמֵ֥א ה֖וּא לָכֶֽם",
"text": "Yet this not *tōʾḵəlū* from-*maʿălê* the-*gērâ* and-from-*mafrîsê* the-*parsâ* the-*gāmāl* for-*maʿălēh* *gērâ* he and-*parsâ* not-he *mafrîs* *ṭāmēʾ* he to-you",
"grammar": {
"*ʾaḵ*": "restrictive adverb - yet/but/however",
"*lōʾ tōʾḵəlū*": "negative particle + Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you shall not eat",
"*mi-maʿălê*": "preposition + Hifil participle, masculine plural construct - from those bringing up",
"*ha-gērâ*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the cud",
"*ū-mi-mafrîsê*": "waw conjunction + preposition + Hifil participle, masculine plural construct - and from those dividing",
"*ha-parsâ*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the hoof",
"*ha-gāmāl*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the camel",
"*kî-maʿălēh*": "conjunction + Hifil participle, masculine singular - for bringing up",
"*gērâ*": "feminine singular noun - cud",
"*hūʾ*": "3rd masculine singular independent pronoun - he/it",
"*ū-parsâ*": "waw conjunction + feminine singular noun - and hoof",
"*ʾênennū*": "negative particle + 3rd masculine singular suffix - he/it is not",
"*mafrîs*": "Hifil participle, masculine singular - dividing/splitting",
"*ṭāmēʾ*": "adjective, masculine singular - unclean/impure",
"*hūʾ*": "3rd masculine singular independent pronoun - he/it",
"*lāḵem*": "preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix - to/for you"
},
"variants": {
"*gāmāl*": "camel",
"*maʿălēh gērâ*": "brings up cud/chews cud/ruminates",
"*mafrîs*": "parts/divides/splits",
"*ṭāmēʾ*": "unclean/impure/defiled"
}
}
5 {
"verseID": "Leviticus.11.5",
"source": "וְאֶת־הַשָּׁפָ֗ן כִּֽי־מַעֲלֵ֤ה גֵרָה֙ ה֔וּא וּפַרְסָ֖ה לֹ֣א יַפְרִ֑יס טָמֵ֥א ה֖וּא לָכֶֽם",
"text": "And-the-*šāfān* for-*maʿălēh* *gērâ* he and-*parsâ* not *yafrîs* *ṭāmēʾ* he to-you",
"grammar": {
"*wə-ʾet-ha-šāfān*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + masculine singular noun - and the hyrax/rock badger",
"*kî-maʿălēh*": "conjunction + Hifil participle, masculine singular - for bringing up",
"*gērâ*": "feminine singular noun - cud",
"*hūʾ*": "3rd masculine singular independent pronoun - he/it",
"*ū-parsâ*": "waw conjunction + feminine singular noun - and hoof",
"*lōʾ yafrîs*": "negative particle + Hifil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he does not divide/split",
"*ṭāmēʾ*": "adjective, masculine singular - unclean/impure",
"*hūʾ*": "3rd masculine singular independent pronoun - he/it",
"*lāḵem*": "preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix - to/for you"
},
"variants": {
"*šāfān*": "hyrax/rock badger/coney",
"*maʿălēh gērâ*": "brings up cud/chews cud/ruminates",
"*yafrîs*": "divides/parts/splits [the hoof]"
}
}
6 {
"verseID": "Leviticus.11.6",
"source": "וְאֶת־הָאַרְנֶ֗בֶת כִּֽי־מַעֲלַ֤ת גֵּרָה֙ הִ֔וא וּפַרְסָ֖ה לֹ֣א הִפְרִ֑יסָה טְמֵאָ֥ה הִ֖וא לָכֶֽם",
"text": "And-the-*ʾarnebeth* for-*maʿălat* *gērâ* she and-*parsâ* not *hifrîsâ* *ṭəmēʾâ* she to-you",
"grammar": {
"*wə-ʾet-hā-ʾarnebeth*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + feminine singular noun - and the hare/rabbit",
"*kî-maʿălat*": "conjunction + Hifil participle, feminine singular - for bringing up",
"*gērâ*": "feminine singular noun - cud",
"*hîʾ*": "3rd feminine singular independent pronoun - she/it",
"*ū-parsâ*": "waw conjunction + feminine singular noun - and hoof",
"*lōʾ hifrîsâ*": "negative particle + Hifil perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she has not divided/split",
"*ṭəmēʾâ*": "adjective, feminine singular - unclean/impure",
"*hîʾ*": "3rd feminine singular independent pronoun - she/it",
"*lāḵem*": "preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix - to/for you"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾarnebeth*": "hare/rabbit",
"*maʿălat gērâ*": "brings up cud/chews cud/ruminates",
"*hifrîsâ*": "has divided/parted/split [the hoof]"
}
}
7 {
"verseID": "Leviticus.11.7",
"source": "וְאֶת־הַ֠חֲזִיר כִּֽי־מַפְרִ֨יס פַּרְסָ֜ה ה֗וּא וְשֹׁסַ֥ע שֶׁ֙סַע֙ פַּרְסָ֔ה וְה֖וּא גֵּרָ֣ה לֹֽא־יִגָּ֑ר טָמֵ֥א ה֖וּא לָכֶֽם",
"text": "And-the-*ḥăzîr* for-*mafrîs* *parsâ* he and-*šōsaʿ* *šesaʿ* *parsâ* and-he *gērâ* not-*yiggār* *ṭāmēʾ* he to-you",
"grammar": {
"*wə-ʾet-ha-ḥăzîr*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + masculine singular noun - and the pig/swine",
"*kî-mafrîs*": "conjunction + Hifil participle, masculine singular - for dividing/parting",
"*parsâ*": "feminine singular noun - hoof",
"*hūʾ*": "3rd masculine singular independent pronoun - he/it",
"*wə-šōsaʿ*": "waw conjunction + Qal participle, masculine singular - and splitting",
"*šesaʿ*": "masculine singular noun - cleft/division",
"*parsâ*": "feminine singular noun - hoof",
"*wə-hūʾ*": "waw conjunction + 3rd masculine singular independent pronoun - and he/it",
"*gērâ*": "feminine singular noun - cud",
"*lōʾ-yiggār*": "negative particle + Niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - does not chew/bring up",
"*ṭāmēʾ*": "adjective, masculine singular - unclean/impure",
"*hūʾ*": "3rd masculine singular independent pronoun - he/it",
"*lāḵem*": "preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix - to/for you"
},
"variants": {
"*ḥăzîr*": "pig/swine/boar",
"*mafrîs parsâ*": "divides the hoof/has split hooves",
"*šōsaʿ šesaʿ parsâ*": "completely splits the hoof/has wholly divided hooves",
"*yiggār*": "chews/brings up/ruminates"
}
}
8 {
"verseID": "Leviticus.11.8",
"source": "מִבְּשָׂרָם֙ לֹ֣א תֹאכֵ֔לוּ וּבְנִבְלָתָ֖ם לֹ֣א תִגָּ֑עוּ טְמֵאִ֥ים הֵ֖ם לָכֶֽם",
"text": "From-*bəśārām* not *tōʾḵēlū* and-in-*niḇlātām* not *tiggāʿū* *ṭəmēʾîm* they to-you",
"grammar": {
"*mi-bəśārām*": "preposition + masculine singular noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - from their flesh/meat",
"*lōʾ tōʾḵēlū*": "negative particle + Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you shall not eat",
"*ū-ḇə-niḇlātām*": "waw conjunction + preposition + feminine singular noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and in their carcass/dead body",
"*lōʾ tiggāʿū*": "negative particle + Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you shall not touch",
"*ṭəmēʾîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - unclean/impure",
"*hēm*": "3rd masculine plural independent pronoun - they",
"*lāḵem*": "preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix - to/for you"
},
"variants": {
"*bəśārām*": "their flesh/their meat/their body",
"*niḇlātām*": "their carcass/their dead body/their corpse",
"*tiggāʿū*": "you touch/you contact/you handle"
}
}
9 {
"verseID": "Leviticus.11.9",
"source": "אֶת־זֶה֙ תֹּֽאכְל֔וּ מִכֹּ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּמָּ֑יִם כֹּ֣ל אֲשֶׁר־לוֹ֩ סְנַפִּ֨יר וְקַשְׂקֶ֜שֶׂת בַּמַּ֗יִם בַּיַּמִּ֛ים וּבַנְּחָלִ֖ים אֹתָ֥ם תֹּאכֵֽלוּ",
"text": "This *tōʾḵəlū* from-all which in-the-*mayim* all which-has *sənapîr* and-*qaśqeśet* in-the-*mayim* in-the-*yammîm* and-in-the-*nəḥālîm* them *tōʾḵēlū*",
"grammar": {
"*ʾet-zeh*": "direct object marker + masculine singular demonstrative pronoun - this",
"*tōʾḵəlū*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you may eat",
"*mi-kōl*": "preposition + noun, construct state - from all of",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that",
"*ba-māyim*": "preposition + definite article + masculine plural noun - in the waters",
"*kōl*": "noun, construct state - all of",
"*ʾăšer-lō*": "relative pronoun + preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - which has",
"*sənapîr*": "masculine singular noun - fin",
"*wə-qaśqeśet*": "waw conjunction + feminine singular noun - and scale",
"*ba-mayim*": "preposition + definite article + masculine plural noun - in the waters",
"*ba-yammîm*": "preposition + definite article + masculine plural noun - in the seas",
"*ū-ḇa-nəḥālîm*": "waw conjunction + preposition + definite article + masculine plural noun - and in the streams/rivers",
"*ʾōtām*": "direct object marker + 3rd masculine plural suffix - them",
"*tōʾḵēlū*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you may eat"
},
"variants": {
"*mayim*": "waters/water",
"*sənapîr*": "fin",
"*qaśqeśet*": "scale",
"*yammîm*": "seas/oceans",
"*nəḥālîm*": "streams/rivers/wadis"
}
}
10 {
"verseID": "Leviticus.11.10",
"source": "וְכֹל֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֵֽין־ל֜וֹ סְנַפִּ֣יר וְקַשְׂקֶ֗שֶׂת בַּיַּמִּים֙ וּבַנְּחָלִ֔ים מִכֹּל֙ שֶׁ֣רֶץ הַמַּ֔יִם וּמִכֹּ֛ל נֶ֥פֶשׁ הַחַיָּ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּמָּ֑יִם שֶׁ֥קֶץ הֵ֖ם לָכֶֽם",
"text": "And-all which not-has *sənapîr* and-*qaśqeśet* in-the-*yammîm* and-in-the-*nəḥālîm* from-all *šereṣ* the-*mayim* and-from-all *nefeš* the-*ḥayyâ* which in-the-*mayim* *šeqeṣ* they to-you",
"grammar": {
"*wə-ḵōl*": "waw conjunction + noun, construct state - and all of",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that",
"*ʾên-lō*": "negative particle of existence + preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - has not",
"*sənapîr*": "masculine singular noun - fin",
"*wə-qaśqeśet*": "waw conjunction + feminine singular noun - and scale",
"*ba-yammîm*": "preposition + definite article + masculine plural noun - in the seas",
"*ū-ḇa-nəḥālîm*": "waw conjunction + preposition + definite article + masculine plural noun - and in the streams/rivers",
"*mi-kōl*": "preposition + noun, construct state - from all of",
"*šereṣ*": "masculine singular noun, construct state - swarming thing of",
"*ha-mayim*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the waters",
"*ū-mi-kōl*": "waw conjunction + preposition + noun, construct state - and from all of",
"*nefeš*": "feminine singular noun, construct state - living creature of",
"*ha-ḥayyâ*": "definite article + feminine singular adjective - the living",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that",
"*ba-māyim*": "preposition + definite article + masculine plural noun - in the waters",
"*šeqeṣ*": "masculine singular noun - detestable thing/abomination",
"*hēm*": "3rd masculine plural independent pronoun - they",
"*lāḵem*": "preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix - to/for you"
},
"variants": {
"*šereṣ*": "swarming thing/teeming creature/creeping thing",
"*nefeš ha-ḥayyâ*": "living creature/living being/living thing",
"*šeqeṣ*": "detestable thing/abomination/loathsome thing"
}
}
11 {
"verseID": "Leviticus.11.11",
"source": "וְשֶׁ֖קֶץ יִהְי֣וּ לָכֶ֑ם מִבְּשָׂרָם֙ לֹ֣א תֹאכֵ֔לוּ וְאֶת־נִבְלָתָ֖ם תְּשַׁקֵּֽצוּ",
"text": "And-*šeqeṣ* *yihyū* to-you from-*bəśārām* not *tōʾḵēlū* and-their-*niḇlātām* *təšaqqēṣū*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-šeqeṣ*": "waw conjunction + masculine singular noun - and detestable thing/abomination",
"*yihyū*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they shall be",
"*lāḵem*": "preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix - to/for you",
"*mi-bəśārām*": "preposition + masculine singular noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - from their flesh/meat",
"*lōʾ tōʾḵēlū*": "negative particle + Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you shall not eat",
"*wə-ʾet-niḇlātām*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker + feminine singular noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and their carcass/dead body",
"*təšaqqēṣū*": "Piel imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you shall detest/abhor"
},
"variants": {
"*šeqeṣ*": "detestable thing/abomination/loathsome thing",
"*bəśārām*": "their flesh/their meat/their body",
"*niḇlātām*": "their carcass/their dead body/their corpse",
"*təšaqqēṣū*": "detest/abhor/regard as abominable"
}
}
12 {
"verseID": "Leviticus.11.12",
"source": "כֹּ֣ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֵֽין־ל֛וֹ סְנַפִּ֥יר וְקַשְׂקֶ֖שֶׂת בַּמָּ֑יִם שֶׁ֥קֶץ ה֖וּא לָכֶֽם",
"text": "All which not-has *sənapîr* and-*qaśqeśet* in-the-*mayim* *šeqeṣ* he to-you",
"grammar": {
"*kōl*": "noun, construct state - all of",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that",
"*ʾên-lō*": "negative particle of existence + preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - has not",
"*sənapîr*": "masculine singular noun - fin",
"*wə-qaśqeśet*": "waw conjunction + feminine singular noun - and scale",
"*ba-māyim*": "preposition + definite article + masculine plural noun - in the waters",
"*šeqeṣ*": "masculine singular noun - detestable thing/abomination",
"*hūʾ*": "3rd masculine singular independent pronoun - he/it",
"*lāḵem*": "preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix - to/for you"
},
"variants": {
"*sənapîr*": "fin",
"*qaśqeśet*": "scale",
"*mayim*": "waters/water",
"*šeqeṣ*": "detestable thing/abomination/loathsome thing"
}
}
13 {
"verseID": "Leviticus.11.13",
"source": "וְאֶת־אֵ֙לֶּה֙ תְּשַׁקְּצ֣וּ מִן־הָע֔וֹף לֹ֥א יֵאָכְל֖וּ שֶׁ֣קֶץ הֵ֑ם אֶת־הַנֶּ֙שֶׁר֙ וְאֶת־הַפֶּ֔רֶס וְאֵ֖ת הָעָזְנִיָּֽה",
"text": "And-these *təšaqqəṣū* from-the-*ʿôf* not *yēʾāḵəlū* *šeqeṣ* they the-*nešer* and-the-*peres* and the-*ʿāzniyyâ*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-ʾet-ʾēlleh*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker + demonstrative pronoun, plural - and these",
"*təšaqqəṣū*": "Piel imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you shall detest/abhor",
"*min-hā-ʿôf*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - from the birds/flying creatures",
"*lōʾ yēʾāḵəlū*": "negative particle + Niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they shall not be eaten",
"*šeqeṣ*": "masculine singular noun - detestable thing/abomination",
"*hēm*": "3rd masculine plural independent pronoun - they",
"*ʾet-ha-nešer*": "direct object marker + definite article + masculine singular noun - the eagle/vulture",
"*wə-ʾet-ha-peres*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + masculine singular noun - and the ossifrage/bearded vulture",
"*wə-ʾēt hā-ʿāzniyyâ*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + feminine singular noun - and the osprey/black vulture"
},
"variants": {
"*təšaqqəṣū*": "detest/abhor/regard as abominable",
"*ʿôf*": "birds/flying creatures/winged things",
"*nešer*": "eagle/vulture/great bird of prey",
"*peres*": "ossifrage/bearded vulture/bone-breaker",
"*ʿāzniyyâ*": "osprey/black vulture/sea eagle"
}
}
14 {
"verseID": "Leviticus.11.14",
"source": "וְאֶת־הַ֨דָּאָ֔ה וְאֶת־הָאַיָּ֖ה לְמִינָֽהּ",
"text": "And-the-*dāʾâ* and-the-*ʾayyâ* to-*mînāh*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-ʾet-ha-dāʾâ*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + feminine singular noun - and the kite/vulture",
"*wə-ʾet-hā-ʾayyâ*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + feminine singular noun - and the falcon/hawk",
"*lə-mînāh*": "preposition + feminine singular noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - according to its kind"
},
"variants": {
"*dāʾâ*": "kite/vulture/bird of prey",
"*ʾayyâ*": "falcon/hawk/bird of prey",
"*mînāh*": "its kind/its species/its sort"
}
}
15 {
"verseID": "Leviticus.11.15",
"source": "אֵ֥ת כָּל־עֹרֵ֖ב לְמִינֽוֹ",
"text": "Every *ʿōrēḇ* to-*mînô*",
"grammar": {
"*ʾēt kāl-ʿōrēḇ*": "direct object marker + noun, construct state + masculine singular noun - every raven/crow",
"*lə-mînô*": "preposition + masculine singular noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - according to its kind"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿōrēḇ*": "raven/crow/black bird",
"*mînô*": "its kind/its species/its sort"
}
}
16 {
"verseID": "Leviticus.11.16",
"source": "וְאֵת֙ בַּ֣ת הַֽיַּעֲנָ֔ה וְאֶת־הַתַּחְמָ֖ס וְאֶת־הַשָּׁ֑חַף וְאֶת־הַנֵּ֖ץ לְמִינֵֽהוּ",
"text": "And *bat* the-*yaʿănâ* and-the-*taḥmās* and-the-*šāḥaf* and-the-*nēṣ* to-*mînēhū*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-ʾēt bat ha-yaʿănâ*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker + feminine singular noun construct + definite article + proper noun - and daughter of the ostrich/owl",
"*wə-ʾet-ha-taḥmās*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + masculine singular noun - and the night hawk/owl",
"*wə-ʾet-ha-šāḥaf*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + masculine singular noun - and the cuckoo/seagull",
"*wə-ʾet-ha-nēṣ*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + masculine singular noun - and the hawk/falcon",
"*lə-mînēhū*": "preposition + masculine singular noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - according to its kind"
},
"variants": {
"*bat ha-yaʿănâ*": "ostrich/owl/female ostrich",
"*taḥmās*": "night hawk/owl/male ostrich",
"*šāḥaf*": "cuckoo/seagull/sea bird",
"*nēṣ*": "hawk/falcon/bird of prey",
"*mînēhū*": "its kind/its species/its sort"
}
}
17 {
"verseID": "Leviticus.11.17",
"source": "וְאֶת־הַכּ֥וֹס וְאֶת־הַשָּׁלָ֖ךְ וְאֶת־הַיַּנְשֽׁוּף",
"text": "And-the-*kôs* and-the-*šālāḵ* and-the-*yanšûf*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-ʾet-ha-kôs*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + masculine singular noun - and the little owl",
"*wə-ʾet-ha-šālāḵ*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + masculine singular noun - and the cormorant/fish owl",
"*wə-ʾet-ha-yanšûf*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + masculine singular noun - and the great owl/ibis"
},
"variants": {
"*kôs*": "little owl/screech owl",
"*šālāḵ*": "cormorant/fish owl/water bird",
"*yanšûf*": "great owl/ibis/eared owl"
}
}
18 {
"verseID": "Leviticus.11.18",
"source": "וְאֶת־הַתִּנְשֶׁ֥מֶת וְאֶת־הַקָּאָ֖ת וְאֶת־הָרָחָֽם",
"text": "And-the-*tinšemet* and-the-*qāʾāt* and-the-*rāḥām*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-ʾet-ha-tinšemet*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + feminine singular noun - and the swan/white owl",
"*wə-ʾet-ha-qāʾāt*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + feminine singular noun - and the pelican",
"*wə-ʾet-hā-rāḥām*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + masculine singular noun - and the gier eagle/vulture"
},
"variants": {
"*tinšemet*": "swan/white owl/water hen",
"*qāʾāt*": "pelican/desert owl",
"*rāḥām*": "gier eagle/vulture/carrion vulture"
}
}
19 {
"verseID": "Leviticus.11.19",
"source": "וְאֵת֙ הַחֲסִידָ֔ה הָאֲנָפָ֖ה לְמִינָ֑הּ וְאֶת־הַדּוּכִיפַ֖ת וְאֶת־הָעֲטַלֵּֽף",
"text": "And the-*ḥăsîdâ* the-*ʾănāfâ* to-*mînāh* and-the-*dûḵîfat* and-the-*ʿăṭallēf*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-ʾēt ha-ḥăsîdâ*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + feminine singular noun - and the stork",
"*hā-ʾănāfâ*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the heron",
"*lə-mînāh*": "preposition + feminine singular noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - according to its kind",
"*wə-ʾet-ha-dûḵîfat*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + masculine singular noun - and the lapwing/hoopoe",
"*wə-ʾet-hā-ʿăṭallēf*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + masculine singular noun - and the bat"
},
"variants": {
"*ḥăsîdâ*": "stork/heron",
"*ʾănāfâ*": "heron/egret/bird of prey",
"*mînāh*": "its kind/its species/its sort",
"*dûḵîfat*": "lapwing/hoopoe",
"*ʿăṭallēf*": "bat"
}
}
20 {
"verseID": "Leviticus.11.20",
"source": "כֹּ֚ל שֶׁ֣רֶץ הָע֔וֹף הַהֹלֵ֖ךְ עַל־אַרְבַּ֑ע שֶׁ֥קֶץ ה֖וּא לָכֶֽם",
"text": "All *šereṣ* the-*ʿôf* the-*hōlēḵ* on-four *šeqeṣ* he to-you",
"grammar": {
"*kōl*": "noun, construct state - all of",
"*šereṣ*": "masculine singular noun, construct state - swarming thing of",
"*hā-ʿôf*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the birds/flying creatures",
"*ha-hōlēḵ*": "definite article + Qal participle, masculine singular - the walking/going",
"*ʿal-ʾarbaʿ*": "preposition + cardinal number - on four",
"*šeqeṣ*": "masculine singular noun - detestable thing/abomination",
"*hūʾ*": "3rd masculine singular independent pronoun - he/it",
"*lāḵem*": "preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix - to/for you"
},
"variants": {
"*šereṣ*": "swarming thing/creeping thing/teeming creature",
"*ʿôf*": "birds/flying creatures/winged things",
"*hōlēḵ*": "walking/going/moving",
"*šeqeṣ*": "detestable thing/abomination/loathsome thing"
}
}
21 {
"verseID": "Leviticus.11.21",
"source": "אַ֤ךְ אֶת־זֶה֙ תֹּֽאכְל֔וּ מִכֹּל֙ שֶׁ֣רֶץ הָע֔וֹף הַהֹלֵ֖ךְ עַל־אַרְבַּ֑ע אֲשֶׁר־*לא **ל֤וֹ כְרָעַ֙יִם֙ מִמַּ֣עַל לְרַגְלָ֔יו לְנַתֵּ֥ר בָּהֵ֖ן עַל־הָאָֽרֶץ",
"text": "Yet this *tōʾḵəlū* from-all *šereṣ* the-*ʿôf* the-*hōlēḵ* on-four which-has *ḵərāʿayim* from-above to-*raḡlāw* to-*nattēr* with-them upon-the-*ʾāreṣ*",
"grammar": {
"*ʾaḵ*": "restrictive adverb - yet/but/however",
"*ʾet-zeh*": "direct object marker + masculine singular demonstrative pronoun - this",
"*tōʾḵəlū*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you may eat",
"*mi-kōl*": "preposition + noun, construct state - from all of",
"*šereṣ*": "masculine singular noun, construct state - swarming thing of",
"*hā-ʿôf*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the birds/flying creatures",
"*ha-hōlēḵ*": "definite article + Qal participle, masculine singular - the walking/going",
"*ʿal-ʾarbaʿ*": "preposition + cardinal number - on four",
"*ʾăšer-lō*": "relative pronoun + preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - which has",
"*ḵərāʿayim*": "feminine dual noun - legs/jointed legs",
"*mi-maʿal*": "preposition + adverb - from above",
"*lə-raḡlāw*": "preposition + feminine plural noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - to its feet",
"*lə-nattēr*": "preposition + Piel infinitive construct - to leap/jump",
"*bāhēn*": "preposition + 3rd feminine plural suffix - with them",
"*ʿal-hā-ʾāreṣ*": "preposition + definite article + feminine singular noun - upon the earth/ground"
},
"variants": {
"*šereṣ*": "swarming thing/creeping thing/teeming creature",
"*ʿôf*": "birds/flying creatures/winged things",
"*hōlēḵ*": "walking/going/moving",
"*ḵərāʿayim*": "legs/jointed legs/knee joints",
"*raḡlāw*": "its feet/its legs",
"*nattēr*": "to leap/to jump/to spring",
"*ʾāreṣ*": "earth/land/ground"
}
}
22 {
"verseID": "Leviticus.11.22",
"source": "אֶת־אֵ֤לֶּה מֵהֶם֙ תֹּאכֵ֔לוּ אֶת־הֽ͏ָאַרְבֶּ֣ה לְמִינ֔וֹ וְאֶת־הַסָּלְעָ֖ם לְמִינֵ֑הוּ וְאֶת־הַחַרְגֹּ֣ל לְמִינֵ֔הוּ וְאֶת־הֶחָגָ֖ב לְמִינֵֽהוּ׃",
"text": "*ʾēt-ʾēlleh* from them *tōʾḵēlû* *ʾēt-hāʾarbeh* to its *mîn*, *wəʾēt-hassāləʿām* to its *mîn*, *wəʾēt-haḥargōl* to its *mîn*, and *ʾēt-heḥāgāb* to its *mîn*.",
"grammar": {
"*ʾēt*": "direct object marker",
"*ʾēlleh*": "demonstrative pronoun, 'these'",
"*mēhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix, 'from/of them'",
"*tōʾḵēlû*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural, 'you shall eat'",
"*hāʾarbeh*": "definite article + masculine noun, 'the locust'",
"*ləmînô*": "preposition + masculine noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix, 'according to its kind'",
"*wə*": "conjunction, 'and'",
"*hassāləʿām*": "definite article + masculine noun, 'the bald locust/cricket'",
"*ləmînēhû*": "preposition + masculine noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix, 'according to its kind'",
"*haḥargōl*": "definite article + masculine noun, 'the cricket/beetle'",
"*heḥāgāb*": "definite article + masculine noun, 'the grasshopper'"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾarbeh*": "locust, type of flying insect",
"*sāləʿām*": "bald locust, potentially a type of cricket",
"*ḥargōl*": "cricket, beetle, type of edible insect",
"*ḥāgāb*": "grasshopper, locust, type of edible insect",
"*mîn*": "kind, species, category"
}
}
23 {
"verseID": "Leviticus.11.23",
"source": "וְכֹל֙ שֶׁ֣רֶץ הָע֔וֹף אֲשֶׁר־ל֖וֹ אַרְבַּ֣ע רַגְלָ֑יִם שֶׁ֥קֶץ ה֖וּא לָכֶֽם׃",
"text": "And all *šereṣ* of the *ʿôp* which has four *raglayim*, *šeqeṣ* *hûʾ* to you.",
"grammar": {
"*wəḵōl*": "conjunction + construct noun, 'and all/every'",
"*šereṣ*": "masculine singular noun in construct, 'swarming thing/creeping thing'",
"*hāʿôp*": "definite article + masculine singular noun, 'the flying creature/bird'",
"*ʾăšer-lô*": "relative pronoun + preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix, 'which has'",
"*ʾarbaʿ*": "numeral, 'four'",
"*raglayim*": "feminine dual noun, 'feet/legs'",
"*šeqeṣ*": "masculine singular noun, 'detestable thing/abomination'",
"*hûʾ*": "3rd masculine singular pronoun, 'it (is)'",
"*lāḵem*": "preposition with 2nd masculine plural suffix, 'to/for you'"
},
"variants": {
"*šereṣ*": "swarming thing, creeping thing, crawling creature",
"*ʿôp*": "flying creature, bird, winged insect",
"*raglayim*": "feet, legs (dual form)",
"*šeqeṣ*": "detestable thing, abomination, ritually unclean"
}
}
24 {
"verseID": "Leviticus.11.24",
"source": "וּלְאֵ֖לֶּה תִּטַּמָּ֑אוּ כָּל־הַנֹּגֵ֥עַ בְּנִבְלָתָ֖ם יִטְמָ֥א עַד־הָעָֽרֶב׃",
"text": "And by *ʾēlleh* you shall *tiṭṭammāʾû*, all *hannōgēaʿ* with their *nəbēlâ* shall *yiṭmāʾ* until the *ʿāreb*.",
"grammar": {
"*ûləʾēlleh*": "conjunction + preposition + demonstrative pronoun, 'and by these'",
"*tiṭṭammāʾû*": "hitpael imperfect, 2nd masculine plural, 'you shall become unclean'",
"*kol*": "noun in construct, 'all/every'",
"*hannōgēaʿ*": "definite article + qal participle masculine singular, 'the one touching'",
"*bənibəlâtām*": "preposition + feminine singular noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix, 'with their carcass'",
"*yiṭmāʾ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'he shall be unclean'",
"*ʿad-hāʿāreb*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun, 'until the evening'"
},
"variants": {
"*tiṭṭammāʾû*": "become unclean, be defiled, be ritually impure",
"*nōgēaʿ*": "one touching, one who comes in contact with",
"*nəbēlâ*": "carcass, dead body, corpse",
"*yiṭmāʾ*": "be unclean, be impure, be defiled",
"*ʿāreb*": "evening, sunset"
}
}
25 {
"verseID": "Leviticus.11.25",
"source": "וְכָל־הַנֹּשֵׂ֖א מִנִּבְלָתָ֑ם יְכַבֵּ֥ס בְּגָדָ֖יו וְטָמֵ֥א עַד־הָעָֽרֶב׃",
"text": "And all *hannōśēʾ* from their *nəbēlâ* shall *yəḵabbēs* his *bəgādîm* and shall be *ṭāmēʾ* until the *ʿāreb*.",
"grammar": {
"*wəḵol*": "conjunction + noun in construct, 'and all/every'",
"*hannōśēʾ*": "definite article + qal participle masculine singular, 'the one carrying/bearing'",
"*minnibəlātām*": "preposition + feminine singular noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix, 'from their carcass'",
"*yəḵabbēs*": "piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'he shall wash'",
"*bəgādāyw*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix, 'his clothes/garments'",
"*wəṭāmēʾ*": "conjunction + adjective masculine singular, 'and unclean'",
"*ʿad-hāʿāreb*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun, 'until the evening'"
},
"variants": {
"*nōśēʾ*": "one carrying, one bearing, one who lifts",
"*nəbēlâ*": "carcass, dead body, corpse",
"*yəḵabbēs*": "wash, cleanse, launder",
"*bəgādîm*": "clothes, garments, vestments",
"*ṭāmēʾ*": "unclean, impure, defiled",
"*ʿāreb*": "evening, sunset"
}
}
26 {
"verseID": "Leviticus.11.26",
"source": "לְֽכָל־הַבְּהֵמָ֡ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר הִוא֩ מַפְרֶ֨סֶת פַּרְסָ֜ה וְשֶׁ֣סַע ׀ אֵינֶ֣נָּה שֹׁסַ֗עַת וְגֵרָה֙ אֵינֶ֣נָּה מַעֲלָ֔ה טְמֵאִ֥ים הֵ֖ם לָכֶ֑ם כָּל־הַנֹּגֵ֥עַ בָּהֶ֖ם יִטְמָֽא׃",
"text": "For all the *bəhēmâ* which *hîʾ* *mapreset* *parsâ* but *šesaʿ* is not *šōsaʿat* and *gērâ* is not *maʿălâ*, *ṭəmēʾîm* they are to you; all *hannōgēaʿ* with them shall *yiṭmāʾ*.",
"grammar": {
"*ləḵol*": "preposition + noun in construct, 'for all/every'",
"*habbəhēmâ*": "definite article + feminine singular noun, 'the animal/beast/cattle'",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun, 'which'",
"*hîʾ*": "3rd feminine singular pronoun, 'it/she'",
"*mapreset*": "hiphil participle feminine singular, 'dividing/splitting'",
"*parsâ*": "feminine singular noun, 'hoof'",
"*wəšesaʿ*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun, 'and cleft/split'",
"*ʾênennâ*": "negative particle + 3rd feminine singular suffix, 'is not'",
"*šōsaʿat*": "qal participle feminine singular, 'cleaving/dividing'",
"*wəgērâ*": "conjunction + feminine singular noun, 'and cud'",
"*maʿălâ*": "hiphil participle feminine singular, 'bringing up/raising'",
"*ṭəmēʾîm*": "adjective masculine plural, 'unclean'",
"*hēm*": "3rd masculine plural pronoun, 'they'",
"*lāḵem*": "preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix, 'to/for you'",
"*kol*": "noun in construct, 'all/every'",
"*hannōgēaʿ*": "definite article + qal participle masculine singular, 'the one touching'",
"*bāhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix, 'with them'",
"*yiṭmāʾ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'he shall be unclean'"
},
"variants": {
"*bəhēmâ*": "animal, beast, cattle, livestock",
"*mapreset parsâ*": "having divided hooves, having split hooves",
"*šesaʿ*": "cleft, division, split",
"*šōsaʿat*": "cleaving, splitting completely",
"*gērâ*": "cud (food brought up to be chewed again)",
"*maʿălâ*": "bringing up, raising, elevating (referring to rumination)",
"*ṭəmēʾîm*": "unclean, impure, defiled"
}
}
27 {
"verseID": "Leviticus.11.27",
"source": "וְכֹ֣ל ׀ הוֹלֵ֣ךְ עַל־כַּפָּ֗יו בְּכָל־הַֽחַיָּה֙ הַהֹלֶ֣כֶת עַל־אַרְבַּ֔ע טְמֵאִ֥ים הֵ֖ם לָכֶ֑ם כָּל־הַנֹּגֵ֥עַ בְּנִבְלָתָ֖ם יִטְמָ֥א עַד־הָעָֽרֶב׃",
"text": "And all *hôlēḵ* upon its *kappāyw* among all the *ḥayyâ* *hahōleḵet* upon four, *ṭəmēʾîm* they are to you; all *hannōgēaʿ* with their *nəbēlâ* shall *yiṭmāʾ* until the *ʿāreb*.",
"grammar": {
"*wəḵōl*": "conjunction + noun in construct, 'and all/every'",
"*hôlēḵ*": "qal participle masculine singular, 'walking/going'",
"*ʿal-kappāyw*": "preposition + feminine dual noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix, 'upon its paws'",
"*bəḵol*": "preposition + noun in construct, 'among all'",
"*haḥayyâ*": "definite article + feminine singular noun, 'the living thing/beast'",
"*hahōleḵet*": "definite article + qal participle feminine singular, 'the walking/going'",
"*ʿal-ʾarbaʿ*": "preposition + numeral, 'upon four (legs)'",
"*ṭəmēʾîm*": "adjective masculine plural, 'unclean'",
"*hēm*": "3rd masculine plural pronoun, 'they'",
"*lāḵem*": "preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix, 'to/for you'",
"*kol*": "noun in construct, 'all/every'",
"*hannōgēaʿ*": "definite article + qal participle masculine singular, 'the one touching'",
"*bənibəlātām*": "preposition + feminine singular noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix, 'with their carcass'",
"*yiṭmāʾ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'he shall be unclean'",
"*ʿad-hāʿāreb*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun, 'until the evening'"
},
"variants": {
"*hôlēḵ*": "walking, going, moving",
"*kappāyw*": "paws, hands, palms (dual form)",
"*ḥayyâ*": "living thing, animal, beast, creature",
"*hahōleḵet*": "the one walking, moving creature",
"*ṭəmēʾîm*": "unclean, impure, defiled",
"*nəbēlâ*": "carcass, dead body, corpse"
}
}
28 {
"verseID": "Leviticus.11.28",
"source": "וְהַנֹּשֵׂא֙ אֶת־נִבְלָתָ֔ם יְכַבֵּ֥ס בְּגָדָ֖יו וְטָמֵ֣א עַד־הָעָ֑רֶב טְמֵאִ֥ים הֵ֖מָּה לָכֶֽם׃ ס",
"text": "And *hannōśēʾ* *ʾet-nibəlātām* shall *yəḵabbēs* his *bəgādîm* and shall be *ṭāmēʾ* until the *ʿāreb*; *ṭəmēʾîm* they are to you.",
"grammar": {
"*wəhannōśēʾ*": "conjunction + definite article + qal participle masculine singular, 'and the one carrying/bearing'",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*nibəlātām*": "feminine singular noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix, 'their carcass'",
"*yəḵabbēs*": "piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'he shall wash'",
"*bəgādāyw*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix, 'his clothes/garments'",
"*wəṭāmēʾ*": "conjunction + adjective masculine singular, 'and unclean'",
"*ʿad-hāʿāreb*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun, 'until the evening'",
"*ṭəmēʾîm*": "adjective masculine plural, 'unclean'",
"*hēmmâ*": "3rd masculine plural pronoun (emphatic form), 'they'",
"*lāḵem*": "preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix, 'to/for you'"
},
"variants": {
"*nōśēʾ*": "one carrying, one bearing, one who lifts",
"*nəbēlâ*": "carcass, dead body, corpse",
"*yəḵabbēs*": "wash, cleanse, launder",
"*bəgādîm*": "clothes, garments, vestments",
"*ṭāmēʾ*": "unclean, impure, defiled",
"*ṭəmēʾîm*": "unclean, impure, defiled (plural)"
}
}
29 {
"verseID": "Leviticus.11.29",
"source": "וְזֶ֤ה לָכֶם֙ הַטָּמֵ֔א בַּשֶּׁ֖רֶץ הַשֹּׁרֵ֣ץ עַל־הָאָ֑רֶץ הַחֹ֥לֶד וְהָעַכְבָּ֖ר וְהַצָּ֥ב לְמִינֵֽהוּ׃",
"text": "And this to you the *ṭāmēʾ* among the *šereṣ* *haššōrēṣ* upon the *ʾāreṣ*: the *ḥōled* and the *ʿaḵbār* and the *ṣāb* to its *mîn*.",
"grammar": {
"*wəzeh*": "conjunction + demonstrative pronoun masculine singular, 'and this'",
"*lāḵem*": "preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix, 'to/for you'",
"*haṭṭāmēʾ*": "definite article + adjective masculine singular, 'the unclean'",
"*baššereṣ*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun, 'among the swarming thing'",
"*haššōrēṣ*": "definite article + qal participle masculine singular, 'the swarming/teaming'",
"*ʿal-hāʾāreṣ*": "preposition + definite article + feminine singular noun, 'upon the earth/ground'",
"*haḥōled*": "definite article + masculine singular noun, 'the mole/weasel'",
"*wəhāʿaḵbār*": "conjunction + definite article + masculine singular noun, 'and the mouse'",
"*wəhaṣṣāb*": "conjunction + definite article + masculine singular noun, 'and the lizard/tortoise'",
"*ləmînēhû*": "preposition + masculine singular noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix, 'according to its kind'"
},
"variants": {
"*ṭāmēʾ*": "unclean, impure, defiled",
"*šereṣ*": "swarming thing, creeping thing, small moving creature",
"*šōrēṣ*": "swarming, teaming, moving in large numbers",
"*ʾāreṣ*": "earth, ground, land",
"*ḥōled*": "mole, weasel, rat (uncertain identification)",
"*ʿaḵbār*": "mouse, rat",
"*ṣāb*": "lizard, tortoise (uncertain identification)",
"*mîn*": "kind, species, category"
}
}
30 {
"verseID": "Leviticus.11.30",
"source": "וְהָאֲנָקָ֥ה וְהַכֹּ֖חַ וְהַלְּטָאָ֑ה וְהַחֹ֖מֶט וְהַתִּנְשָֽׁמֶת׃",
"text": "And the *ʾănāqâ* and the *kōaḥ* and the *ləṭāʾâ* and the *ḥōmeṭ* and the *tinšāmet*.",
"grammar": {
"*wəhāʾănāqâ*": "conjunction + definite article + feminine singular noun, 'and the gecko/ferret'",
"*wəhakkōaḥ*": "conjunction + definite article + masculine singular noun, 'and the monitor lizard/chameleon'",
"*wəhalləṭāʾâ*": "conjunction + definite article + feminine singular noun, 'and the lizard'",
"*wəhaḥōmeṭ*": "conjunction + definite article + masculine singular noun, 'and the sand lizard/snail'",
"*wəhattinšāmet*": "conjunction + definite article + feminine singular noun, 'and the chameleon/mole'"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾănāqâ*": "gecko, ferret, shrew (uncertain identification)",
"*kōaḥ*": "monitor lizard, chameleon, type of lizard (uncertain identification)",
"*ləṭāʾâ*": "lizard, type of reptile",
"*ḥōmeṭ*": "sand lizard, snail, type of reptile (uncertain identification)",
"*tinšāmet*": "chameleon, mole, type of reptile (uncertain identification)"
}
}
31 {
"verseID": "Leviticus.11.31",
"source": "אֵ֛לֶּה הַטְּמֵאִ֥ים לָכֶ֖ם בְּכָל־הַשָּׁ֑רֶץ כָּל־הַנֹּגֵ֧עַ בָּהֶ֛ם בְּמֹתָ֖ם יִטְמָ֥א עַד־הָעָֽרֶב׃",
"text": "*ʾēlleh* the *ṭəmēʾîm* to you among all the *šāreṣ*; all *hannōgēaʿ* with them in their *môt* shall *yiṭmāʾ* until the *ʿāreb*.",
"grammar": {
"*ʾēlleh*": "demonstrative pronoun plural, 'these'",
"*haṭṭəmēʾîm*": "definite article + adjective masculine plural, 'the unclean ones'",
"*lāḵem*": "preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix, 'to/for you'",
"*bəḵol*": "preposition + noun in construct, 'among all'",
"*haššāreṣ*": "definite article + masculine singular noun, 'the swarming thing'",
"*kol*": "noun in construct, 'all/every'",
"*hannōgēaʿ*": "definite article + qal participle masculine singular, 'the one touching'",
"*bāhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix, 'with them'",
"*bəmōtām*": "preposition + infinitive construct + 3rd masculine plural suffix, 'in their death/when they are dead'",
"*yiṭmāʾ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'he shall be unclean'",
"*ʿad-hāʿāreb*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun, 'until the evening'"
},
"variants": {
"*ṭəmēʾîm*": "unclean, impure, defiled (plural)",
"*šāreṣ*": "swarming thing, creeping thing, small moving creature",
"*nōgēaʿ*": "one touching, one who comes in contact with",
"*môt*": "death, dying, deadness",
"*yiṭmāʾ*": "be unclean, be impure, be defiled",
"*ʿāreb*": "evening, sunset"
}
}
32 {
"verseID": "Leviticus.11.32",
"source": "וְכֹ֣ל אֲשֶׁר־יִפֹּל־עָלָיו֩ מֵהֶ֨ם ׀ בְּמֹתָ֜ם יִטְמָ֗א מִכָּל־כְּלִי־עֵץ֙ א֣וֹ בֶ֤גֶד אוֹ־עוֹר֙ א֣וֹ שָׂ֔ק כָּל־כְּלִ֕י אֲשֶׁר־יֵעָשֶׂ֥ה מְלָאכָ֖ה בָּהֶ֑ם בַּמַּ֧יִם יוּבָ֛א וְטָמֵ֥א עַד־הָעֶ֖רֶב וְטָהֵֽר׃",
"text": "And all upon which *yippōl* any of them in their *môt* shall *yiṭmāʾ*, from all *kəlî* of *ʿēṣ* or *beged* or *ʿôr* or *śāq*, any *kəlî* in which *yēʿāśeh* *məlāʾḵâ*; in the *mayim* it shall *yûbāʾ* and be *ṭāmēʾ* until the *ʿāreb* and then *ṭāhēr*.",
"grammar": {
"*wəḵōl*": "conjunction + noun in construct, 'and all/every'",
"*ʾăšer-yippōl-ʿālāyw*": "relative pronoun + qal imperfect 3ms + preposition with 3ms suffix, 'upon which falls'",
"*mēhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix, 'from them'",
"*bəmōtām*": "preposition + infinitive construct + 3rd masculine plural suffix, 'in their death/when they are dead'",
"*yiṭmāʾ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'it shall be unclean'",
"*mikkol*": "preposition + noun in construct, 'from all'",
"*kəlî-ʿēṣ*": "masculine singular noun in construct + masculine singular noun, 'vessel of wood'",
"*ʾô*": "conjunction, 'or'",
"*beged*": "masculine singular noun, 'garment/cloth'",
"*ʿôr*": "masculine singular noun, 'skin/leather'",
"*śāq*": "masculine singular noun, 'sackcloth'",
"*kol-kəlî*": "noun in construct + masculine singular noun, 'every vessel'",
"*ʾăšer-yēʿāśeh*": "relative pronoun + niphal imperfect 3ms, 'which is done/performed'",
"*məlāʾḵâ*": "feminine singular noun, 'work/labor'",
"*bāhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix, 'with them'",
"*bammayim*": "preposition + definite article + masculine plural noun, 'in the water'",
"*yûbāʾ*": "hophal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'it shall be brought/put'",
"*wəṭāmēʾ*": "conjunction + adjective masculine singular, 'and unclean'",
"*ʿad-hāʿereb*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun, 'until the evening'",
"*wəṭāhēr*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'and it shall be clean'"
},
"variants": {
"*yippōl*": "fall, drop, come upon",
"*môt*": "death, dying, deadness",
"*yiṭmāʾ*": "be unclean, be impure, be defiled",
"*kəlî*": "vessel, utensil, article, object",
"*ʿēṣ*": "wood, tree, timber",
"*beged*": "garment, clothing, cloth",
"*ʿôr*": "skin, hide, leather",
"*śāq*": "sackcloth, sack, coarse cloth",
"*yēʿāśeh*": "is done, is performed, is used",
"*məlāʾḵâ*": "work, business, occupation, craftsmanship",
"*mayim*": "water, waters, liquid",
"*yûbāʾ*": "be brought, be put, be placed",
"*ṭāmēʾ*": "unclean, impure, defiled",
"*ṭāhēr*": "be clean, be pure, be cleansed"
}
}
33 {
"verseID": "Leviticus.11.33",
"source": "וְכָל־כְּלִי־חֶ֔רֶשׂ אֲשֶׁר־יִפֹּ֥ל מֵהֶ֖ם אֶל־תּוֹכ֑וֹ כֹּ֣ל אֲשֶׁ֧ר בְּתוֹכ֛וֹ יִטְמָ֖א וְאֹת֥וֹ תִשְׁבֹּֽרוּ׃",
"text": "And any *kəlî* of *ḥereś* into which *yippōl* any of them into its *tôḵ*, all which is in its *tôḵ* shall *yiṭmāʾ*, and *ʾōtô* you shall *tišbōrû*.",
"grammar": {
"*wəḵol*": "conjunction + noun in construct, 'and every/all'",
"*kəlî-ḥereś*": "masculine singular noun in construct + masculine singular noun, 'vessel of earthenware'",
"*ʾăšer-yippōl*": "relative pronoun + qal imperfect 3ms, 'into which falls'",
"*mēhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix, 'from them'",
"*ʾel-tôḵô*": "preposition + masculine singular noun + 3ms suffix, 'into its midst/inside'",
"*kōl*": "noun in construct, 'all/every'",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun, 'which'",
"*bətôḵô*": "preposition + masculine singular noun + 3ms suffix, 'in its midst/inside'",
"*yiṭmāʾ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'it shall be unclean'",
"*wəʾōtô*": "conjunction + direct object marker + 3ms suffix, 'and it'",
"*tišbōrû*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural, 'you shall break'"
},
"variants": {
"*kəlî*": "vessel, utensil, article, object",
"*ḥereś*": "earthenware, pottery, clay",
"*yippōl*": "fall, drop, come upon",
"*tôḵ*": "middle, midst, inside",
"*yiṭmāʾ*": "be unclean, be impure, be defiled",
"*tišbōrû*": "break, shatter, smash"
}
}
34 {
"verseID": "Leviticus.11.34",
"source": "מִכָּל־הָאֹ֜כֶל אֲשֶׁ֣ר יֵאָכֵ֗ל אֲשֶׁ֨ר יָב֥וֹא עָלָ֛יו מַ֖יִם יִטְמָ֑א וְכָל־מַשְׁקֶה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִשָּׁתֶ֔ה בְּכָל־כְּלִ֖י יִטְמָֽא׃",
"text": "From all the *ʾōḵel* which *yēʾāḵēl*, upon which *yābôʾ* *mayim*, it shall *yiṭmāʾ*; and all *mašqeh* which *yiššāteh* in any *kəlî* shall *yiṭmāʾ*.",
"grammar": {
"*mikkol*": "preposition + noun in construct, 'from all'",
"*hāʾōḵel*": "definite article + masculine singular noun, 'the food'",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun, 'which'",
"*yēʾāḵēl*": "niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'is eaten'",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun, 'which'",
"*yābôʾ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'comes/enters'",
"*ʿālāyw*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix, 'upon it'",
"*mayim*": "masculine plural noun, 'water'",
"*yiṭmāʾ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'it shall be unclean'",
"*wəḵol*": "conjunction + noun in construct, 'and all'",
"*mašqeh*": "masculine singular noun, 'drink/beverage'",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun, 'which'",
"*yiššāteh*": "niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'is drunk'",
"*bəḵol*": "preposition + noun in construct, 'in any'",
"*kəlî*": "masculine singular noun, 'vessel'",
"*yiṭmāʾ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'it shall be unclean'"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾōḵel*": "food, nourishment, meal",
"*yēʾāḵēl*": "is eaten, can be eaten, may be eaten",
"*yābôʾ*": "comes, enters, arrives",
"*mayim*": "water, waters, liquid",
"*yiṭmāʾ*": "be unclean, be impure, be defiled",
"*mašqeh*": "drink, beverage, liquid",
"*yiššāteh*": "is drunk, can be drunk, may be drunk",
"*kəlî*": "vessel, utensil, article, object"
}
}
35 {
"verseID": "Leviticus.11.35",
"source": "וְ֠כֹל אֲשֶׁר־יִפֹּ֨ל מִנִּבְלָתָ֥ם ׀ עָלָיו֮ יִטְמָא֒ תַּנּ֧וּר וְכִירַ֛יִם יֻתָּ֖ץ טְמֵאִ֣ים הֵ֑ם וּטְמֵאִ֖ים יִהְי֥וּ לָכֶֽם׃",
"text": "And all upon which *yippōl* from their *nəbēlâ* shall *yiṭmāʾ*; *tannûr* and *kîrayim* shall *yuttāṣ*, *ṭəmēʾîm* they are, and *ṭəmēʾîm* they shall *yihyû* to you.",
"grammar": {
"*wəḵōl*": "conjunction + noun in construct, 'and all/every'",
"*ʾăšer-yippōl*": "relative pronoun + qal imperfect 3ms, 'upon which falls'",
"*minnibəlātām*": "preposition + feminine singular noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix, 'from their carcass'",
"*ʿālāyw*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix, 'upon it'",
"*yiṭmāʾ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'it shall be unclean'",
"*tannûr*": "masculine singular noun, 'oven'",
"*wəḵîrayim*": "conjunction + feminine dual noun, 'and cooking stove'",
"*yuttāṣ*": "hophal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'it shall be broken down'",
"*ṭəmēʾîm*": "adjective masculine plural, 'unclean'",
"*hēm*": "3rd masculine plural pronoun, 'they'",
"*ûṭəmēʾîm*": "conjunction + adjective masculine plural, 'and unclean'",
"*yihyû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural, 'they shall be'",
"*lāḵem*": "preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix, 'to/for you'"
},
"variants": {
"*yippōl*": "fall, drop, come upon",
"*nəbēlâ*": "carcass, dead body, corpse",
"*yiṭmāʾ*": "be unclean, be impure, be defiled",
"*tannûr*": "oven, furnace, fire-pot",
"*kîrayim*": "stove, cooking range, hearth (dual form)",
"*yuttāṣ*": "be pulled down, be torn down, be destroyed",
"*ṭəmēʾîm*": "unclean, impure, defiled (plural)",
"*yihyû*": "will be, shall be, become"
}
}
36 {
"verseID": "Leviticus.11.36",
"source": "אַ֣ךְ מַעְיָ֥ן וּב֛וֹר מִקְוֵה־מַ֖יִם יִהְיֶ֣ה טָה֑וֹר וְנֹגֵ֥עַ בְּנִבְלָתָ֖ם יִטְמָֽא׃",
"text": "Surely *maʿyān* and *bôr* of *miqwēh*-*mayim* shall *yihyeh* *ṭāhôr*; but *nōgēaʿ* with their *nəbēlâ* shall *yiṭmāʾ*.",
"grammar": {
"*ʾaḵ*": "adverb, 'surely/only/nevertheless'",
"*maʿyān*": "masculine singular noun, 'spring/fountain'",
"*ûbôr*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun, 'and cistern/pit'",
"*miqwēh-mayim*": "masculine singular construct + masculine plural noun, 'gathering of water'",
"*yihyeh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'it shall be'",
"*ṭāhôr*": "adjective masculine singular, 'clean/pure'",
"*wənōgēaʿ*": "conjunction + qal participle masculine singular, 'but one touching'",
"*bənibəlātām*": "preposition + feminine singular noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix, 'with their carcass'",
"*yiṭmāʾ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'he shall be unclean'"
},
"variants": {
"*maʿyān*": "spring, fountain, source of water",
"*bôr*": "cistern, pit, well",
"*miqwēh*": "collection, gathering, reservoir",
"*mayim*": "water, waters, liquid",
"*yihyeh*": "will be, shall be, become",
"*ṭāhôr*": "clean, pure, undefiled",
"*nōgēaʿ*": "one touching, one who comes in contact with",
"*nəbēlâ*": "carcass, dead body, corpse",
"*yiṭmāʾ*": "be unclean, be impure, be defiled"
}
}
37 {
"verseID": "Leviticus.11.37",
"source": "וְכִ֤י יִפֹּל֙ מִנִּבְלָתָ֔ם עַל־כָּל־זֶ֥רַע זֵר֖וּעַ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִזָּרֵ֑עַ טָה֖וֹר הֽוּא׃",
"text": "And if *yippōl* from their *nəbēlâ* upon any *zeraʿ* *zērûaʿ* which *yizzārēaʿ*, *ṭāhôr* *hûʾ*.",
"grammar": {
"*wəḵî*": "conjunction + particle, 'and if'",
"*yippōl*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'it falls'",
"*minnibəlātām*": "preposition + feminine singular noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix, 'from their carcass'",
"*ʿal-kol*": "preposition + noun in construct, 'upon any'",
"*zeraʿ*": "masculine singular noun, 'seed'",
"*zērûaʿ*": "qal passive participle, masculine singular, 'sown'",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun, 'which'",
"*yizzārēaʿ*": "niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'is sown'",
"*ṭāhôr*": "adjective masculine singular, 'clean'",
"*hûʾ*": "3rd masculine singular pronoun, 'it'"
},
"variants": {
"*yippōl*": "fall, drop, come upon",
"*nəbēlâ*": "carcass, dead body, corpse",
"*zeraʿ*": "seed, sowing, offspring",
"*zērûaʿ*": "sown, planted",
"*yizzārēaʿ*": "is sown, is planted, is scattered (as seed)",
"*ṭāhôr*": "clean, pure, undefiled"
}
}
38 {
"verseID": "Leviticus.11.38",
"source": "וְכִ֤י יֻתַּן־מַ֙יִם֙ עַל־זֶ֔רַע וְנָפַ֥ל מִנִּבְלָתָ֖ם עָלָ֑יו טָמֵ֥א ה֖וּא לָכֶֽם׃ ס",
"text": "And if *yuttan*-*mayim* upon *zeraʿ* and *nāpal* from their *nəbēlâ* upon it, *ṭāmēʾ* *hûʾ* to you.",
"grammar": {
"*wəḵî*": "conjunction + particle, 'and if'",
"*yuttan-mayim*": "qal imperfect passive, 3rd masculine singular + masculine plural noun, 'water is put'",
"*ʿal-zeraʿ*": "preposition + masculine singular noun, 'upon seed'",
"*wənāpal*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'and falls'",
"*minnibəlātām*": "preposition + feminine singular noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix, 'from their carcass'",
"*ʿālāyw*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix, 'upon it'",
"*ṭāmēʾ*": "adjective masculine singular, 'unclean'",
"*hûʾ*": "3rd masculine singular pronoun, 'it'",
"*lāḵem*": "preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix, 'to/for you'"
},
"variants": {
"*yuttan*": "is given, is put, is placed",
"*mayim*": "water, waters, liquid",
"*zeraʿ*": "seed, sowing, offspring",
"*nāpal*": "fell, dropped, came upon",
"*nəbēlâ*": "carcass, dead body, corpse",
"*ṭāmēʾ*": "unclean, impure, defiled"
}
}
39 {
"verseID": "Leviticus.11.39",
"source": "וְכִ֤י יָמוּת֙ מִן־הַבְּהֵמָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־הִ֥יא לָכֶ֖ם לְאָכְלָ֑ה הַנֹּגֵ֥עַ בְּנִבְלָתָ֖הּ יִטְמָ֥א עַד־הָעָֽרֶב׃",
"text": "And if *yāmût* any of the *bəhēmâ* which *hîʾ* to you for *ʾoḵlâ*, *hannōgēaʿ* with its *nəbēlâ* shall *yiṭmāʾ* until the *ʿāreb*.",
"grammar": {
"*wəḵî*": "conjunction + particle, 'and if'",
"*yāmût*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'dies'",
"*min-habbəhēmâ*": "preposition + definite article + feminine singular noun, 'from the animal'",
"*ʾăšer-hîʾ*": "relative pronoun + 3rd feminine singular pronoun, 'which it (is)'",
"*lāḵem*": "preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix, 'to/for you'",
"*ləʾoḵlâ*": "preposition + feminine singular noun, 'for food'",
"*hannōgēaʿ*": "definite article + qal participle masculine singular, 'the one touching'",
"*bənibəlātāh*": "preposition + feminine singular noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix, 'with its carcass'",
"*yiṭmāʾ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'he shall be unclean'",
"*ʿad-hāʿāreb*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun, 'until the evening'"
},
"variants": {
"*yāmût*": "dies, expires, perishes",
"*bəhēmâ*": "animal, beast, cattle, livestock",
"*ʾoḵlâ*": "food, eating, consumption",
"*nōgēaʿ*": "one touching, one who comes in contact with",
"*nəbēlâ*": "carcass, dead body, corpse",
"*yiṭmāʾ*": "be unclean, be impure, be defiled",
"*ʿāreb*": "evening, sunset"
}
}
40 {
"verseID": "Leviticus.11.40",
"source": "וְהָֽאֹכֵל֙ מִנִּבְלָתָ֔הּ יְכַבֵּ֥ס בְּגָדָ֖יו וְטָמֵ֣א עַד־הָעָ֑רֶב וְהַנֹּשֵׂא֙ אֶת־נִבְלָתָ֔הּ יְכַבֵּ֥ס בְּגָדָ֖יו וְטָמֵ֥א עַד־הָעָֽרֶב׃",
"text": "And *hāʾōḵēl* from its *nəbēlâ* shall *yəḵabbēs* his *bəgādîm* and be *ṭāmēʾ* until the *ʿāreb*; and *hannōśēʾ* *ʾēt-nibəlātāh* shall *yəḵabbēs* his *bəgādîm* and be *ṭāmēʾ* until the *ʿāreb*.",
"grammar": {
"*wəhāʾōḵēl*": "conjunction + definite article + qal participle masculine singular, 'and the one eating'",
"*minnibəlātāh*": "preposition + feminine singular noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix, 'from its carcass'",
"*yəḵabbēs*": "piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'he shall wash'",
"*bəgādāyw*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix, 'his clothes/garments'",
"*wəṭāmēʾ*": "conjunction + adjective masculine singular, 'and unclean'",
"*ʿad-hāʿāreb*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun, 'until the evening'",
"*wəhannōśēʾ*": "conjunction + definite article + qal participle masculine singular, 'and the one carrying'",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*nibəlātāh*": "feminine singular noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix, 'its carcass'",
"*yəḵabbēs*": "piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'he shall wash'",
"*bəgādāyw*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix, 'his clothes/garments'",
"*wəṭāmēʾ*": "conjunction + adjective masculine singular, 'and unclean'",
"*ʿad-hāʿāreb*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun, 'until the evening'"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾōḵēl*": "one eating, one who consumes",
"*nəbēlâ*": "carcass, dead body, corpse",
"*yəḵabbēs*": "wash, cleanse, launder",
"*bəgādîm*": "clothes, garments, vestments",
"*ṭāmēʾ*": "unclean, impure, defiled",
"*ʿāreb*": "evening, sunset",
"*nōśēʾ*": "one carrying, one bearing, one who lifts"
}
}
41 {
"verseID": "Leviticus.11.41",
"source": "וְכָל־הַשֶּׁ֖רֶץ הַשֹּׁרֵ֣ץ עַל־הָאָ֑רֶץ שֶׁ֥קֶץ ה֖וּא לֹ֥א יֵאָכֵֽל׃",
"text": "*wə-kol*-the-*šereṣ* the-*šōrēṣ* upon-the-*ʾāreṣ* *šeqeṣ* *hûʾ* not *yēʾākēl*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-kol*": "conjunction + noun construct - and-all-of",
"*šereṣ*": "noun, masculine, singular - swarming creature/creeping thing",
"*šōrēṣ*": "participle, Qal, masculine, singular - swarming/creeping",
"*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine, singular - earth/ground/land",
"*šeqeṣ*": "noun, masculine, singular - detestable thing/abomination",
"*hûʾ*": "pronoun, 3rd person, masculine, singular - it/he",
"*yēʾākēl*": "verb, Niphal, imperfect, 3rd person, masculine, singular - will be eaten"
},
"variants": {
"*šereṣ*": "swarming creature/creeping thing/small reptile",
"*šōrēṣ*": "swarming/moving/creeping/teaming",
"*ʾāreṣ*": "earth/ground/land/soil",
"*šeqeṣ*": "detestable thing/abomination/unclean thing",
"*yēʾākēl*": "will be eaten/shall be eaten/can be eaten"
}
}
42 {
"verseID": "Leviticus.11.42",
"source": "כֹּל֩ הוֹלֵ֨ךְ עַל־גָּח֜וֹן וְכֹ֣ל ׀ הוֹלֵ֣ךְ עַל־אַרְבַּ֗ע עַ֚ד כָּל־מַרְבֵּ֣ה רַגְלַ֔יִם לְכָל־הַשֶּׁ֖רֶץ הַשֹּׁרֵ֣ץ עַל־הָאָ֑רֶץ לֹ֥א תֹאכְל֖וּם כִּי־שֶׁ֥קֶץ הֵֽם׃",
"text": "*kōl* *hôlēk* upon-*gāḥôn* *wə-kōl* *hôlēk* upon-*ʾarbaʿ* until *kol*-*marbēh* *raglayim* to-*kol*-the-*šereṣ* the-*šōrēṣ* upon-the-*ʾāreṣ* not *tōʾklûm* *kî*-*šeqeṣ* *hēm*",
"grammar": {
"*kōl*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct - all/every",
"*hôlēk*": "participle, Qal, masculine, singular - going/walking",
"*gāḥôn*": "noun, masculine, singular - belly/underside",
"*wə-kōl*": "conjunction + noun, masculine, singular, construct - and-all/every",
"*ʾarbaʿ*": "noun, feminine - four",
"*marbēh*": "Hiphil participle, masculine, singular - multiplying/increasing",
"*raglayim*": "noun, feminine, dual - feet/legs",
"*šereṣ*": "noun, masculine, singular - swarming creature/creeping thing",
"*šōrēṣ*": "participle, Qal, masculine, singular - swarming/creeping",
"*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine, singular - earth/ground/land",
"*tōʾklûm*": "verb, Qal, imperfect, 2nd person, masculine, plural + 3rd person, masculine, plural suffix - you shall eat them",
"*kî*": "conjunction - because/for",
"*šeqeṣ*": "noun, masculine, singular - detestable thing/abomination",
"*hēm*": "pronoun, 3rd person, masculine, plural - they"
},
"variants": {
"*hôlēk*": "going/walking/moving",
"*gāḥôn*": "belly/underside",
"*ʾarbaʿ*": "four/four legs",
"*marbēh*": "multiplying/increasing/having many",
"*raglayim*": "feet/legs",
"*šereṣ*": "swarming creature/creeping thing/small reptile",
"*šōrēṣ*": "swarming/moving/creeping/teaming",
"*ʾāreṣ*": "earth/ground/land/soil",
"*šeqeṣ*": "detestable thing/abomination/unclean thing"
}
}
43 {
"verseID": "Leviticus.11.43",
"source": "אַל־תְּשַׁקְּצוּ֙ אֶת־נַפְשֹׁ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם בְּכָל־הַשֶּׁ֖רֶץ הַשֹּׁרֵ֑ץ וְלֹ֤א תִֽטַּמְּאוּ֙ בָּהֶ֔ם וְנִטְמֵתֶ֖ם בָּֽם׃",
"text": "*ʾal*-*təšaqqəṣû* *ʾet*-*napšōtêkem* in-*kol*-the-*šereṣ* the-*šōrēṣ* *wə-lōʾ* *tiṭṭammə'û* in-them *wə-niṭmētem* in-them",
"grammar": {
"*ʾal*": "negative particle - do not",
"*təšaqqəṣû*": "verb, Piel, imperfect, 2nd person, masculine, plural - make detestable/abominate/defile",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*napšōtêkem*": "noun, feminine, plural construct + 2nd person, masculine, plural suffix - your souls/yourselves",
"*kol*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct - all/every",
"*šereṣ*": "noun, masculine, singular - swarming creature/creeping thing",
"*šōrēṣ*": "participle, Qal, masculine, singular - swarming/creeping",
"*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and-not",
"*tiṭṭammə'û*": "verb, Hithpael, imperfect, 2nd person, masculine, plural - make yourselves unclean",
"*wə-niṭmētem*": "conjunction + verb, Niphal, perfect, 2nd person, masculine, plural - and you will be made unclean"
},
"variants": {
"*təšaqqəṣû*": "make detestable/abominate/defile/pollute",
"*napšōtêkem*": "your souls/yourselves/your beings",
"*šereṣ*": "swarming creature/creeping thing/small reptile",
"*šōrēṣ*": "swarming/moving/creeping/teaming",
"*tiṭṭammə'û*": "make yourselves unclean/defile yourselves",
"*niṭmētem*": "you will be made unclean/you will become defiled"
}
}
44 {
"verseID": "Leviticus.11.44",
"source": "כִּ֣י אֲנִ֣י יְהוָה֮ אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶם֒ וְהִתְקַדִּשְׁתֶּם֙ וִהְיִיתֶ֣ם קְדֹשִׁ֔ים כִּ֥י קָד֖וֹשׁ אָ֑נִי וְלֹ֤א תְטַמְּאוּ֙ אֶת־נַפְשֹׁ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם בְּכָל־הַשֶּׁ֖רֶץ הָרֹמֵ֥שׂ עַל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃",
"text": "*kî* *ʾănî* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêkem* *wə-hitqaddištem* *wihyîtem* *qədōšîm* *kî* *qādôš* *ʾānî* *wə-lōʾ* *təṭammə'û* *ʾet*-*napšōtêkem* in-*kol*-the-*šereṣ* the-*rōmēś* upon-the-*ʾāreṣ*",
"grammar": {
"*kî*": "conjunction - for/because",
"*ʾănî*": "pronoun, 1st person, singular - I",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD/Yahweh",
"*ʾĕlōhêkem*": "noun, masculine, plural construct + 2nd person, masculine, plural suffix - your God",
"*wə-hitqaddištem*": "conjunction + verb, Hithpael, perfect, 2nd person, masculine, plural - and sanctify yourselves",
"*wihyîtem*": "conjunction + verb, Qal, perfect, 2nd person, masculine, plural - and you will be",
"*qədōšîm*": "adjective, masculine, plural - holy/set apart",
"*qādôš*": "adjective, masculine, singular - holy/set apart",
"*ʾānî*": "pronoun, 1st person, singular - I",
"*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and-not",
"*təṭammə'û*": "verb, Piel, imperfect, 2nd person, masculine, plural - defile/make unclean",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*napšōtêkem*": "noun, feminine, plural construct + 2nd person, masculine, plural suffix - your souls/yourselves",
"*kol*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct - all/every",
"*šereṣ*": "noun, masculine, singular - swarming creature/creeping thing",
"*rōmēś*": "participle, Qal, masculine, singular - creeping/crawling",
"*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine, singular - earth/ground/land"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾĕlōhêkem*": "your God/your gods",
"*hitqaddištem*": "sanctify yourselves/consecrate yourselves/make yourselves holy",
"*qədōšîm*": "holy/set apart/consecrated",
"*qādôš*": "holy/set apart/consecrated",
"*təṭammə'û*": "defile/make unclean/pollute",
"*napšōtêkem*": "your souls/yourselves/your beings",
"*šereṣ*": "swarming creature/creeping thing/small reptile",
"*rōmēś*": "creeping/crawling/moving",
"*ʾāreṣ*": "earth/ground/land/soil"
}
}
45 {
"verseID": "Leviticus.11.45",
"source": "כִּ֣י ׀ אֲנִ֣י יְהוָ֗ה הַֽמַּעֲלֶ֤ה אֶתְכֶם֙ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם לִהְיֹ֥ת לָכֶ֖ם לֵאלֹהִ֑ים וִהְיִיתֶ֣ם קְדֹשִׁ֔ים כִּ֥י קָד֖וֹשׁ אָֽנִי׃",
"text": "*kî* *ʾănî* *YHWH* the-*maʿăleh* *ʾetkem* from-*ʾereṣ* *miṣrayim* to-*lihyôt* to-you to-*ʾĕlōhîm* *wihyîtem* *qədōšîm* *kî* *qādôš* *ʾānî*",
"grammar": {
"*kî*": "conjunction - for/because",
"*ʾănî*": "pronoun, 1st person, singular - I",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD/Yahweh",
"*maʿăleh*": "Hiphil participle, masculine, singular - bringing up/causing to go up",
"*ʾetkem*": "direct object marker + 2nd person, masculine, plural suffix - you",
"*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine, singular, construct - land of",
"*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt",
"*lihyôt*": "preposition + verb, Qal, infinitive construct - to be",
"*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - God/gods",
"*wihyîtem*": "conjunction + verb, Qal, perfect, 2nd person, masculine, plural - and you will be",
"*qədōšîm*": "adjective, masculine, plural - holy/set apart",
"*kî*": "conjunction - for/because",
"*qādôš*": "adjective, masculine, singular - holy/set apart",
"*ʾānî*": "pronoun, 1st person, singular - I"
},
"variants": {
"*maʿăleh*": "bringing up/causing to go up/leading out",
"*ʾereṣ*": "land/country/earth",
"*miṣrayim*": "Egypt/Egyptians",
"*lihyôt*": "to be/to become/to exist",
"*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/divine being",
"*qədōšîm*": "holy/set apart/consecrated",
"*qādôš*": "holy/set apart/consecrated"
}
}