5 {
"verseID": "Genesis.19.5",
"source": "וַיִּקְרְא֤וּ אֶל־לוֹט֙ וַיֹּ֣אמְרוּ ל֔וֹ אַיֵּ֧ה הָאֲנָשִׁ֛ים אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֥אוּ אֵלֶ֖יךָ הַלָּ֑יְלָה הוֹצִיאֵ֣ם אֵלֵ֔ינוּ וְנֵדְעָ֖ה אֹתָֽם׃",
"text": "*wa-yiqrᵊʾû* to-*Lôṭ* *wa-yōʾmᵊrû* to-him, where the-*ʾănāšîm* who-*bāʾû* to-you the-*lāylâ*? *hôṣîʾēm* to-us *wə-nēḏᵊʿâ* *ʾōṯām*.",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yiqrᵊʾû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they called",
"*Lôṭ*": "proper noun - Lot",
"*wa-yōʾmᵊrû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they said",
"*ʾănāšîm*": "noun masculine plural with definite article - the men",
"*bāʾû*": "Qal perfect 3rd person common plural - they came",
"*lāylâ*": "noun masculine singular with definite article - the night",
"*hôṣîʾēm*": "Hiphil imperative masculine singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - bring them out",
"*wə-nēḏᵊʿâ*": "waw conjunction + Qal cohortative 1st person plural - and let us know",
"*ʾōṯām*": "direct object marker + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - them"
},
"variants": {
"*nēḏᵊʿâ*": "know/experience/have sexual relations with",
"*hôṣîʾēm*": "bring out/lead out/produce"
}
}
6 {
"verseID": "Genesis.19.6",
"source": "וַיֵּצֵ֧א אֲלֵהֶ֛ם ל֖וֹט הַפֶּ֑תְחָה וְהַדֶּ֖לֶת סָגַ֥ר אַחֲרָֽיו׃",
"text": "*wa-yēṣēʾ* to-them *Lôṭ* the-*peṯḥâ* *wə-had-deleṯ* *sāḡar* *ʾaḥărāyw*.",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yēṣēʾ*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he went out",
"*Lôṭ*": "proper noun - Lot",
"*peṯḥâ*": "noun masculine singular with definite article + directional he suffix - to the entrance",
"*wə-had-deleṯ*": "waw conjunction + definite article + noun feminine singular - and the door",
"*sāḡar*": "Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he closed",
"*ʾaḥărāyw*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - behind him"
},
"variants": {
"*peṯḥâ*": "entrance/doorway/gateway"
}
}
7 {
"verseID": "Genesis.19.7",
"source": "וַיֹּאמַ֑ר אַל־נָ֥א אַחַ֖י תָּרֵֽעוּ׃",
"text": "*wa-yōʾmar* not-*nāʾ* *ʾaḥay* *tārēʿû*.",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yōʾmar*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he said",
"*nāʾ*": "particle of entreaty - please/now",
"*ʾaḥay*": "noun masculine plural construct + 1st person singular suffix - my brothers",
"*tārēʿû*": "Hiphil imperfect 2nd person masculine plural - you do evil/act wickedly"
},
"variants": {
"*tārēʿû*": "do evil/act wickedly/do harm",
"*ʾaḥay*": "my brothers/my friends/my fellows"
}
}
8 {
"verseID": "Genesis.19.8",
"source": "הִנֵּה־נָ֨א לִ֜י שְׁתֵּ֣י בָנ֗וֹת אֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹֽא־יָדְעוּ֙ אִ֔ישׁ אוֹצִֽיאָה־נָּ֤א אֶתְהֶן֙ אֲלֵיכֶ֔ם וַעֲשׂ֣וּ לָהֶ֔ן כַּטּ֖וֹב בְּעֵינֵיכֶ֑ם רַ֠ק לָֽאֲנָשִׁ֤ים הָאֵל֙ אַל־תַּעֲשׂ֣וּ דָבָ֔ר כִּֽי־עַל־כֵּ֥ן בָּ֖אוּ בְּצֵ֥ל קֹרָתִֽי׃",
"text": "*hinnêh*-*nāʾ* to-me two *ḇānôṯ* who not-*yāḏᵊʿû* *ʾîš* *ʾôṣîʾâ*-*nāʾ* *ʾeṯhen* to-you *wa-ʿăsû* to-them like-the-*ṭôḇ* in-*ʿênêḵem* only to-the-*ʾănāšîm* these not-*taʿăsû* *ḏāḇār* because-on-*kēn* *bāʾû* in-*ṣēl* *qōrāṯî*.",
"grammar": {
"*hinnêh*": "demonstrative particle - behold/look",
"*nāʾ*": "particle of entreaty - please/now",
"*ḇānôṯ*": "noun feminine plural construct - daughters of",
"*yāḏᵊʿû*": "Qal perfect 3rd person common plural - they have known",
"*ʾîš*": "noun masculine singular - man",
"*ʾôṣîʾâ*": "Hiphil cohortative 1st person singular - let me bring out",
"*ʾeṯhen*": "direct object marker + 3rd person feminine plural suffix - them",
"*wa-ʿăsû*": "waw conjunction + Qal imperative masculine plural - and do",
"*ṭôḇ*": "adjective masculine singular with definite article - the good",
"*ʿênêḵem*": "noun feminine dual construct + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your eyes",
"*ʾănāšîm*": "noun masculine plural with definite article - the men",
"*taʿăsû*": "Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural - you do",
"*ḏāḇār*": "noun masculine singular - word/thing/matter",
"*kēn*": "adverb - thus/therefore/so",
"*bāʾû*": "Qal perfect 3rd person common plural - they came",
"*ṣēl*": "noun masculine singular construct - shadow of",
"*qōrāṯî*": "noun feminine singular construct + 1st person singular suffix - my beam/roof"
},
"variants": {
"*yāḏᵊʿû*": "known/experienced/had sexual relations with",
"*ṭôḇ*": "good/pleasing/appropriate",
"*ṣēl*": "shadow/protection/shelter",
"*qōrāṯî*": "my roof beam/my roof/my shelter"
}
}
9 {
"verseID": "Genesis.19.9",
"source": "וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ ׀ גֶּשׁ־הָ֗לְאָה וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ הָאֶחָ֤ד בָּֽא־לָגוּר֙ וַיִּשְׁפֹּ֣ט שָׁפ֔וֹט עַתָּ֕ה נָרַ֥ע לְךָ֖ מֵהֶ֑ם וַיִּפְצְר֨וּ בָאִ֤ישׁ בְּלוֹט֙ מְאֹ֔ד וַֽיִּגְּשׁ֖וּ לִשְׁבֹּ֥ר הַדָּֽלֶת׃",
"text": "*wa-yōʾmᵊrû* *geš*-*hālᵊʾâ* *wa-yōʾmᵊrû* the-*ʾeḥāḏ* *bāʾ*-*lāḡûr* *wa-yišpōṭ* *šāpôṭ* now *nāraʿ* to-you from-them *wa-yipṣᵊrû* in-the-*ʾîš* in-*Lôṭ* *mᵊʾōḏ* *wa-yiggᵊšû* to-*šibbōr* the-*dāleṯ*.",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yōʾmᵊrû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they said",
"*geš*": "Qal imperative masculine singular - come near/approach",
"*hālᵊʾâ*": "adverb + directional he suffix - further/beyond/away",
"*ʾeḥāḏ*": "numeral masculine singular with definite article - the one",
"*bāʾ*": "Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he came",
"*lāḡûr*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to sojourn",
"*wa-yišpōṭ*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he judges",
"*šāpôṭ*": "Qal infinitive absolute - judging",
"*nāraʿ*": "Hiphil imperfect 1st person plural - we will do evil/harm",
"*wa-yipṣᵊrû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they pressed hard",
"*ʾîš*": "noun masculine singular with definite article - the man",
"*Lôṭ*": "proper noun - Lot",
"*mᵊʾōḏ*": "adverb - very much/greatly",
"*wa-yiggᵊšû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they approached",
"*šibbōr*": "Qal infinitive construct - to break",
"*dāleṯ*": "noun feminine singular with definite article - the door"
},
"variants": {
"*geš-hālᵊʾâ*": "stand back/get away/move aside",
"*yišpōṭ šāpôṭ*": "surely judges/intends to judge/acting as judge",
"*nāraʿ*": "do harm/act wickedly toward/mistreat"
}
}
10 {
"verseID": "Genesis.19.10",
"source": "וַיִּשְׁלְח֤וּ הֽ͏ָאֲנָשִׁים֙ אֶת־יָדָ֔ם וַיָּבִ֧יאוּ אֶת־ל֛וֹט אֲלֵיהֶ֖ם הַבָּ֑יְתָה וְאֶת־הַדֶּ֖לֶת סָגָֽרוּ׃",
"text": "*wa-yišlᵊḥû* the-*ʾănāšîm* *ʾeṯ*-*yāḏām* *wa-yāḇîʾû* *ʾeṯ*-*Lôṭ* to-them the-*baytâ* *wə-ʾeṯ*-the-*deleṯ* *sāḡārû*.",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yišlᵊḥû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they stretched out",
"*ʾănāšîm*": "noun masculine plural with definite article - the men",
"*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*yāḏām*": "noun feminine singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their hand",
"*wa-yāḇîʾû*": "waw consecutive + Hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they brought",
"*Lôṭ*": "proper noun - Lot",
"*baytâ*": "noun masculine singular with definite article + directional he suffix - into the house",
"*wə-ʾeṯ*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker",
"*deleṯ*": "noun feminine singular with definite article - the door",
"*sāḡārû*": "Qal perfect 3rd person common plural - they closed"
},
"variants": {
"*yišlᵊḥû*": "stretched out/sent forth/extended"
}
}
11 {
"verseID": "Genesis.19.11",
"source": "וְֽאֶת־הָאֲנָשִׁ֞ים אֲשֶׁר־פֶּ֣תַח הַבַּ֗יִת הִכּוּ֙ בַּסַּנְוֵרִ֔ים מִקָּטֹ֖ן וְעַד־גָּד֑וֹל וַיִּלְא֖וּ לִמְצֹ֥א הַפָּֽתַח׃",
"text": "*wə-ʾeṯ*-the-*ʾănāšîm* who-*peṯaḥ* the-*bayiṯ* *hikkû* with-the-*sanwērîm* from-*qāṭōn* and-until-*gāḏôl* *wa-yilʾû* to-*miṣōʾ* the-*pāṯaḥ*.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-ʾeṯ*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker",
"*ʾănāšîm*": "noun masculine plural with definite article - the men",
"*peṯaḥ*": "noun masculine singular construct - entrance of",
"*bayiṯ*": "noun masculine singular with definite article - the house",
"*hikkû*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd person common plural - they struck",
"*sanwērîm*": "noun masculine plural with definite article - blindness",
"*qāṭōn*": "adjective masculine singular - small/young",
"*gāḏôl*": "adjective masculine singular - great/old",
"*wa-yilʾû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they wearied themselves",
"*miṣōʾ*": "Qal infinitive construct - to find",
"*pāṯaḥ*": "noun masculine singular with definite article - the entrance"
},
"variants": {
"*sanwērîm*": "blindness/confusion/mental blindness",
"*yilʾû*": "became weary/struggled in vain/were exhausted"
}
}
12 {
"verseID": "Genesis.19.12",
"source": "וַיֹּאמְר֨וּ הָאֲנָשִׁ֜ים אֶל־ל֗וֹט עֹ֚ד מִֽי־לְךָ֣ פֹ֔ה חָתָן֙ וּבָנֶ֣יךָ וּבְנֹתֶ֔יךָ וְכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־לְךָ֖ בָּעִ֑יר הוֹצֵ֖א מִן־הַמָּקֽוֹם׃",
"text": "*wa-yōʾmᵊrû* the-*ʾănāšîm* to-*Lôṭ* yet who-to-you here *ḥāṯān* *û-ḇāneḵā* *û-ḇᵊnōṯeḵā* and-all who-to-you in-the-*ʿîr*; *hôṣēʾ* from-the-*māqôm*.",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yōʾmᵊrû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they said",
"*ʾănāšîm*": "noun masculine plural with definite article - the men",
"*Lôṭ*": "proper noun - Lot",
"*ḥāṯān*": "noun masculine singular - son-in-law",
"*û-ḇāneḵā*": "waw conjunction + noun masculine plural construct + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - and your sons",
"*û-ḇᵊnōṯeḵā*": "waw conjunction + noun feminine plural construct + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - and your daughters",
"*ʿîr*": "noun feminine singular with definite article - the city",
"*hôṣēʾ*": "Hiphil imperative masculine singular - bring out",
"*māqôm*": "noun masculine singular with definite article - the place"
},
"variants": {
"*ḥāṯān*": "son-in-law/bridegroom/related by marriage"
}
}
13 {
"verseID": "Genesis.19.13",
"source": "כִּֽי־מַשְׁחִתִ֣ים אֲנַ֔חְנוּ אֶת־הַמָּק֖וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה כִּֽי־גֽ͏ָדְלָ֤ה צַעֲקָתָם֙ אֶת־פְּנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה וַיְשַׁלְּחֵ֥נוּ יְהוָ֖ה לְשַׁחֲתָֽהּ׃",
"text": "Because-*mašḥiṯîm* we *ʾeṯ*-the-*māqôm* this because-*ḡāḏᵊlâ* *ṣaʿăqāṯām* *ʾeṯ*-face *Yhwh* *wa-yᵊšallᵊḥēnû* *Yhwh* to-*šaḥăṯāh*.",
"grammar": {
"*mašḥiṯîm*": "Hiphil participle masculine plural - destroying",
"*māqôm*": "noun masculine singular with definite article - the place",
"*ḡāḏᵊlâ*": "Qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular - has grown great",
"*ṣaʿăqāṯām*": "noun feminine singular construct + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their outcry",
"*Yhwh*": "proper noun - YHWH/LORD",
"*wa-yᵊšallᵊḥēnû*": "waw consecutive + Piel imperfect 3rd person masculine singular + 1st person plural suffix - and he has sent us",
"*šaḥăṯāh*": "Piel infinitive construct + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - to destroy it"
},
"variants": {
"*mašḥiṯîm*": "destroying/bringing ruin/corrupting",
"*ṣaʿăqāṯām*": "their outcry/their cry for help/their complaint"
}
}
14 {
"verseID": "Genesis.19.14",
"source": "וַיֵּצֵ֨א ל֜וֹט וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר ׀ אֶל־חֲתָנָ֣יו ׀ לֹקְחֵ֣י בְנֹתָ֗יו וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ ק֤וּמוּ צְּאוּ֙ מִן־הַמָּק֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה כִּֽי־מַשְׁחִ֥ית יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־הָעִ֑יר וַיְהִ֥י כִמְצַחֵ֖ק בְּעֵינֵ֥י חֲתָנָֽיו׃",
"text": "*wa-yēṣēʾ* *Lôṭ* *wa-yᵊḏabbēr* to-*ḥăṯānāyw* *lōqᵊḥê* *ḇᵊnōṯāyw* *wa-yōʾmer* *qûmû* *ṣᵊʾû* from-the-*māqôm* this because-*mašḥîṯ* *Yhwh* *ʾeṯ*-the-*ʿîr* *wa-yᵊhî* like-*mᵊṣaḥēq* in-*ʿênê* *ḥăṯānāyw*.",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yēṣēʾ*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he went out",
"*Lôṭ*": "proper noun - Lot",
"*wa-yᵊḏabbēr*": "waw consecutive + Piel imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he spoke",
"*ḥăṯānāyw*": "noun masculine plural construct + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his sons-in-law",
"*lōqᵊḥê*": "Qal participle masculine plural construct - takers of",
"*ḇᵊnōṯāyw*": "noun feminine plural construct + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his daughters",
"*wa-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he said",
"*qûmû*": "Qal imperative masculine plural - arise",
"*ṣᵊʾû*": "Qal imperative masculine plural - go out",
"*māqôm*": "noun masculine singular with definite article - the place",
"*mašḥîṯ*": "Hiphil participle masculine singular - destroying",
"*Yhwh*": "proper noun - YHWH/LORD",
"*ʿîr*": "noun feminine singular with definite article - the city",
"*wa-yᵊhî*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he was",
"*mᵊṣaḥēq*": "Piel participle masculine singular - one who jokes",
"*ʿênê*": "noun feminine dual construct - eyes of",
"*ḥăṯānāyw*": "noun masculine plural construct + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his sons-in-law"
},
"variants": {
"*lōqᵊḥê* *ḇᵊnōṯāyw*": "who were to marry his daughters/who had taken his daughters/husbands of his daughters",
"*mᵊṣaḥēq*": "joking/mocking/jesting"
}
}
15 {
"verseID": "Genesis.19.15",
"source": "וּכְמוֹ֙ הַשַּׁ֣חַר עָלָ֔ה וַיָּאִ֥יצוּ הַמַּלְאָכִ֖ים בְּל֣וֹט לֵאמֹ֑ר קוּם֩ קַ֨ח אֶֽת־אִשְׁתְּךָ֜ וְאֶת־שְׁתֵּ֤י בְנֹתֶ֙יךָ֙ הַנִּמְצָאֹ֔ת פֶּן־תִּסָּפֶ֖ה בַּעֲוֺ֥ן הָעִֽיר׃",
"text": "And-as the-*šaḥar* *ʿālâ* *wa-yāʾîṣû* the-*malʾāḵîm* in-*Lôṭ* to-*lēʾmōr* *qûm* *qaḥ* *ʾeṯ*-*ʾištᵊḵā* *wə-ʾeṯ*-two *ḇᵊnōṯeḵā* the-*nimṣāʾōṯ* lest-*tissāpeh* in-*ʿăvōn* the-*ʿîr*.",
"grammar": {
"*šaḥar*": "noun masculine singular with definite article - the dawn",
"*ʿālâ*": "Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - it came up",
"*wa-yāʾîṣû*": "waw consecutive + Hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they urged",
"*malʾāḵîm*": "noun masculine plural with definite article - the angels/messengers",
"*Lôṭ*": "proper noun - Lot",
"*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - saying",
"*qûm*": "Qal imperative masculine singular - arise",
"*qaḥ*": "Qal imperative masculine singular - take",
"*ʾištᵊḵā*": "noun feminine singular construct + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your wife",
"*ḇᵊnōṯeḵā*": "noun feminine plural construct + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your daughters",
"*nimṣāʾōṯ*": "Niphal participle feminine plural with definite article - the ones being found",
"*tissāpeh*": "Niphal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - you be swept away",
"*ʿăvōn*": "noun masculine singular construct - iniquity of",
"*ʿîr*": "noun feminine singular with definite article - the city"
},
"variants": {
"*yāʾîṣû*": "urged/hastened/pressed",
"*nimṣāʾōṯ*": "being found/present/at hand",
"*tissāpeh*": "be swept away/be destroyed/perish",
"*ʿăvōn*": "iniquity/guilt/punishment"
}
}
16 {
"verseID": "Genesis.19.16",
"source": "וֽ͏ַיִּתְמַהְמָ֓הּ ׀ וַיַּחֲזִ֨קוּ הָאֲנָשִׁ֜ים בְּיָד֣וֹ וּבְיַד־אִשְׁתּ֗וֹ וּבְיַד֙ שְׁתֵּ֣י בְנֹתָ֔יו בְּחֶמְלַ֥ת יְהוָ֖ה עָלָ֑יו וַיֹּצִאֻ֥הוּ וַיַּנִּחֻ֖הוּ מִח֥וּץ לָעִֽיר׃",
"text": "wə-*yitmahməhāh* and *yaḥaziqu* the *ʾanāšîm* in *yad*-his and in *yad*-*ʾištô* and in *yad* *štêy bənōtāyw* in *ḥemlat YHWH* upon-him and *yōṣiʾuhu* and *yanniḥuhū* from outside to-the-*ʿîr*",
"grammar": {
"*yitmahməhāh*": "Hitpael imperfect 3rd singular masculine - he lingered/delayed/hesitated",
"*yaḥaziqu*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd plural - they seized/took hold",
"*ʾanāšîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the men",
"*yad*": "feminine singular construct - hand of",
"*ʾištô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular possessive suffix - his wife",
"*štêy bənōtāyw*": "construct state 'two of' with feminine plural noun and 3rd masculine singular possessive suffix - his two daughters",
"*ḥemlat*": "construct state feminine singular - compassion/mercy of",
"YHWH": "divine name - Yahweh/the LORD",
"*yōṣiʾuhu*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - they brought him out",
"*yanniḥuhū*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - they set/placed him",
"*ʿîr*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the city"
},
"variants": {
"*yitmahməhāh*": "lingered/delayed/hesitated/tarried",
"*yaḥaziqu*": "seized/took hold/grasped firmly",
"*ḥemlat*": "compassion/mercy/pity",
"*yōṣiʾuhu*": "brought him out/led him out/caused him to go out",
"*yanniḥuhū*": "set him/placed him/left him/deposited him"
}
}