Genesis 2:8

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "Genesis.2.8", "source": "וַיִּטַּ֞ע יְהוָ֧ה אֱלֹהִ֛ים גַּן־בְּעֵ֖דֶן מִקֶּ֑דֶם וַיָּ֣שֶׂם שָׁ֔ם אֶת־הָֽאָדָ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר יָצָֽר׃", "text": "*wayyiṭṭaʿ YHWH ʾĕlōhîm gan-bəʿēḏen miqqeḏem wayyāśem šām ʾeṯ-hāʾāḏām ʾăšer yāṣār*", "grammar": { "*wayyiṭṭaʿ*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd singular masculine - and he planted", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/LORD", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine, plural (with singular meaning) - God", "*gan*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - garden of", "*bəʿēḏen*": "preposition + proper noun - in Eden", "*miqqeḏem*": "preposition + noun, masculine, singular - from the east/in the east", "*wayyāśem*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd singular masculine - and he put", "*šām*": "adverb - there", "*ʾeṯ-hāʾāḏām*": "direct object marker + definite article + noun, masculine, singular - the man", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - whom", "*yāṣār*": "Qal perfect, 3rd singular masculine - he had formed" }, "variants": { "*wayyiṭṭaʿ*": "planted/established", "*gan*": "garden/orchard/enclosure", "*ʿēḏen*": "Eden/delight/pleasure", "*miqqeḏem*": "in the east/eastward/from ancient times", "*wayyāśem*": "put/placed/set", "*yāṣār*": "had formed/had shaped/had fashioned" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וַיִּטַּ֞ע יְהוָ֧ה אֱלֹהִ֛ים גַּן־בְּעֵ֖דֶן מִקֶּ֑דֶם וַיָּ֣שֶׂם שָׁ֔ם אֶת־הָֽאָדָ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר יָצָֽר׃

Transliteration

wayyiṭṭaʿ YHWH ʾĕlōhîm gan-bəʿēḏen miqqeḏem wayyāśem šām ʾeṯ-hāʾāḏām ʾăšer yāṣār

Grammar Details

• *wayyiṭṭaʿ*: waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd singular masculine - and he planted
• *YHWH*: proper noun - Yahweh/LORD
• *ʾĕlōhîm*: noun, masculine, plural (with singular meaning) - God
• *gan*: noun, masculine, singular construct - garden of
• *bəʿēḏen*: preposition + proper noun - in Eden
• *miqqeḏem*: preposition + noun, masculine, singular - from the east/in the east
• *wayyāśem*: waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd singular masculine - and he put
• *šām*: adverb - there
• *ʾeṯ-hāʾāḏām*: direct object marker + definite article + noun, masculine, singular - the man
• *ʾăšer*: relative pronoun - whom
• *yāṣār*: Qal perfect, 3rd singular masculine - he had formed

Word Meanings

• *wayyiṭṭaʿ*: planted/established
• *gan*: garden/orchard/enclosure
• *ʿēḏen*: Eden/delight/pleasure
• *miqqeḏem*: in the east/eastward/from ancient times
• *wayyāśem*: put/placed/set
• *yāṣār*: had formed/had shaped/had fashioned

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  The LORD God planted a garden in Eden, in the east, and there He placed the man He had formed.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  And the LORD God planted a garden eastward in Eden; and there he put the man whom he had formed.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  And the LORD God planted a garden eastward in Eden, and there He put the man whom He had formed.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  And the LORD God planted a garden eastward in Eden; and there he put the man whom he had formed.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  And Jehovah{H3068} God{H430} planted{H5193} a garden{H1588} eastward,{H6924} in Eden;{H5731} and there{H8033} he put{H7760} the man{H120} whom{H834} he had formed.{H3335}

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  And the LORD{H3068} God{H430} planted{H5193}{(H8799)} a garden{H1588} eastward{H6924} in Eden{H5731}; and there{H8033} he put{H7760}{(H8799)} the man{H120} whom{H834} he had formed{H3335}{(H8804)}.

• Tyndale Bible (1526/1534)

  The LORde God also planted a garden in Eden from the begynnynge and there he sette man whom he had formed.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  The LORDE God also planted a garde of pleasure in Eden, towarde ye east, and set man therin whom he had made.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  And the Lord God planted a garden Eastward in Eden, and there he put the man whom he had made.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  And the Lord God planted a garden eastwarde in Eden, and there he put the man whom he had shapen.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  ¶ And the LORD God planted a garden eastward in Eden; and there he put the man whom he had formed.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  Yahweh God planted a garden eastward, in Eden, and there he put the man whom he had formed.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  And Jehovah God planteth a garden in Eden, at the east, and He setteth there the man whom He hath formed;

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And Jehovah God planted a garden eastward, in Eden; and there he put the man whom he had formed.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And Jehovah God planted a garden eastward, in Eden; and there he put the man whom he had formed.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  And the Lord God made a garden in the east, in Eden; and there he put the man whom he had made.

• World English Bible (2000)

  Yahweh God planted a garden eastward, in Eden, and there he put the man whom he had formed.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  The LORD God planted an orchard in the east, in Eden; and there he placed the man he had formed.

Referenced Verses

• Ezek 28:13 : 13 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.28.13", "source": "בְּעֵ֨דֶן גַּן־אֱלֹהִ֜ים הָיִ֗יתָ כָּל־אֶ֨בֶן יְקָרָ֤ה מְסֻכָתֶ֙ךָ֙ אֹ֣דֶם פִּטְדָ֞ה וְיָהֲלֹ֗ם תַּרְשִׁ֥ישׁ שֹׁ֙הַם֙ וְיָ֣שְׁפֵ֔ה סַפִּ֣יר נֹ֔פֶךְ וּבָרְקַ֖ת וְזָהָ֑ב מְלֶ֨אכֶת תֻּפֶּ֤יךָ וּנְקָבֶ֙יךָ֙ בָּ֔ךְ בְּי֥וֹם הִבָּרַאֲךָ֖ כּוֹנָֽנוּ׃", "text": "*bə-ʿēḏen* *gan*-*ʾĕlōhîm* *hāyîtā* *kol*-*ʾeḇen* *yəqārāh* *məsuḵāteḵā* *ʾōḏem* *piṭḏāh* *wə-yahălōm* *taršîš* *šōham* *wə-yāšəp̄ēh* *sappîr* *nōp̄eḵ* *û-ḇārəqat* *wə-zāhāḇ* *məleʾḵet* *tuppeḵā* *û-nəqāḇeḵā* *bāḵ* *bə-yôm* *hibbārăʾăḵā* *kônānû*", "grammar": { "*bə-ʿēḏen*": "preposition + proper noun - in Eden", "*gan*-*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun masculine singular construct + noun masculine plural - garden of God", "*hāyîtā*": "qal perfect 2nd masculine singular - you were", "*kol*-*ʾeḇen*": "noun masculine singular construct + noun feminine singular - every stone", "*yəqārāh*": "adjective feminine singular - precious", "*məsuḵāteḵā*": "noun feminine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your covering", "*ʾōḏem*": "noun masculine singular - ruby/carnelian", "*piṭḏāh*": "noun feminine singular - topaz", "*wə-yahălōm*": "conjunction + noun masculine singular - and diamond/emerald", "*taršîš*": "noun masculine singular - beryl/chrysolite", "*šōham*": "noun masculine singular - onyx", "*wə-yāšəp̄ēh*": "conjunction + noun masculine singular - and jasper", "*sappîr*": "noun masculine singular - sapphire", "*nōp̄eḵ*": "noun masculine singular - turquoise/carbuncle", "*û-ḇārəqat*": "conjunction + noun feminine singular - and emerald/smaragd", "*wə-zāhāḇ*": "conjunction + noun masculine singular - and gold", "*məleʾḵet*": "noun feminine singular construct - workmanship of", "*tuppeḵā*": "noun masculine plural + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your tambourines/settings", "*û-nəqāḇeḵā*": "conjunction + noun masculine plural + 2nd masculine singular suffix - and your pipes/sockets", "*bāḵ*": "preposition + 2nd masculine singular suffix - in you", "*bə-yôm*": "preposition + noun masculine singular construct - in the day of", "*hibbārăʾăḵā*": "niphal infinitive construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - you were created", "*kônānû*": "polal perfect 3rd common plural - they were prepared/established" }, "variants": { "*məsuḵāteḵā*": "your covering/setting", "*tuppeḵā*": "your settings/tambourines/timbrels", "*nəqāḇeḵā*": "your pipes/sockets/settings", "*kônānû*": "they were prepared/established/set up" } }
• Gen 13:10 : 10 { "verseID": "Genesis.13.10", "source": "וַיִּשָּׂא־ל֣וֹט אֶת־עֵינָ֗יו וַיַּרְא֙ אֶת־כָּל־כִּכַּ֣ר הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן כִּ֥י כֻלָּ֖הּ מַשְׁקֶ֑ה לִפְנֵ֣י ׀ שַׁחֵ֣ת יְהוָ֗ה אֶת־סְדֹם֙ וְאֶת־עֲמֹרָ֔ה כְּגַן־יְהוָה֙ כְּאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם בֹּאֲכָ֖ה צֹֽעַר׃", "text": "And *wayyiśśāʾ-Lôṭ* *ʿênāyw* and *wayyarĕʾ* all *kikkar* *haYYardēn*, that all of it *mašqê* before *šaḥēṯ* *YHWH* *Sĕḏōm* and *ʿĂmōrâ*, like *gan-YHWH*, like *ʾereṣ* *Miṣrayim*, as you come to *Ṣōʿar*.", "grammar": { "*wayyiśśāʾ-Lôṭ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular + proper noun - and Lot lifted", "*ʿênāyw*": "noun, feminine dual construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his eyes", "*wayyarĕʾ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he saw", "*kikkar*": "noun, feminine singular construct - plain/circle of", "*haYYardēn*": "definite article + proper noun - the Jordan", "*mašqê*": "hophal participle, masculine singular - was watered/well-watered", "*šaḥēṯ*": "piel infinitive construct - destroying", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD/Yahweh", "*Sĕḏōm*": "proper noun - Sodom", "*ʿĂmōrâ*": "proper noun - Gomorrah", "*gan-YHWH*": "noun, masculine singular construct + proper noun - garden of the LORD", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land of", "*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*Ṣōʿar*": "proper noun - Zoar" }, "variants": { "*wayyiśśāʾ*": "lifted up/raised", "*kikkar*": "plain/circle/district/valley", "*mašqê*": "well-watered/irrigated", "*šaḥēṯ*": "destroying/ruining/bringing to ruin", "*gan*": "garden/orchard/plantation" } }
• Gen 3:24 : 24 { "verseID": "Genesis.3.24", "source": "וַיְגָ֖רֶשׁ אֶת־הָֽאָדָ֑ם וַיַּשְׁכֵּן֩ מִקֶּ֨דֶם לְגַן־עֵ֜דֶן אֶת־הַכְּרֻבִ֗ים וְאֵ֨ת לַ֤הַט הַחֶ֙רֶב֙ הַמִּתְהַפֶּ֔כֶת לִשְׁמֹ֕ר אֶת־דֶּ֖רֶךְ עֵ֥ץ הַֽחַיִּֽים׃", "text": "And *yĕgāreš* [direct object marker] the *ʾādām*; and *yaškēn* from *qedem* to *gan*-*ʿēden* [direct object marker] the *kĕrubîm* and [direct object marker] *lahaṭ* the *ḥereb* the *mithappeket* to *šĕmōr* [direct object marker] *derek* *ʿēṣ* the *ḥayyîm*.", "grammar": { "*yĕgāreš*": "verb, piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular + waw consecutive - and he drove out", "*ʾādām*": "noun, masculine, singular - man/Adam", "*yaškēn*": "verb, hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular + waw consecutive - and he stationed/placed", "*qedem*": "noun, masculine, singular - east/ancient time", "*gan*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - garden of", "*ʿēden*": "proper noun - Eden", "*kĕrubîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - cherubim", "*lahaṭ*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - flame of", "*ḥereb*": "noun, feminine, singular - sword", "*mithappeket*": "verb, hithpael participle, feminine singular - turning itself/revolving", "*šĕmōr*": "verb, qal infinitive construct - to guard/keep", "*derek*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - way/path of", "*ʿēṣ*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - tree of", "*ḥayyîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - life" }, "variants": { "*qedem*": "east/eastern side/in front of", "*kĕrubîm*": "cherubim/angelic beings", "*mithappeket*": "turning/revolving/whirling" } }
• Isa 51:3 : 3 { "verseID": "Isaiah.51.3", "source": "כִּֽי־נִחַ֨ם יְהוָ֜ה צִיּ֗וֹן נִחַם֙ כָּל־חָרְבֹתֶ֔יהָ וַיָּ֤שֶׂם מִדְבָּרָהּ֙ כְּעֵ֔דֶן וְעַרְבָתָ֖הּ כְּגַן־יְהוָ֑ה שָׂשׂ֤וֹן וְשִׂמְחָה֙ יִמָּ֣צֵא בָ֔הּ תּוֹדָ֖ה וְק֥וֹל זִמְרָֽה", "text": "*kî-niḥam YHWH ṣiyyôn niḥam kol-ḥorbōtêhā wayyāśem midbārāh kə'ēden wə'arbātāh kəgan-YHWH śāśôn wəśimḥâ yimmāṣē' bāh tôdâ wəqôl zimrâ*", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*niḥam*": "Piel perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he comforted/consoled", "YHWH": "proper noun - divine name", "*ṣiyyôn*": "proper noun, feminine - Zion", "*niḥam*": "Piel perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he comforted/consoled", "*kol-ḥorbōtêhā*": "noun construct + noun feminine plural with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - all her ruins/waste places", "*wayyāśem*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he made/placed", "*midbārāh*": "common noun, masculine singular with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her wilderness/desert", "*kə'ēden*": "preposition + proper noun - like Eden", "*wə'arbātāh*": "conjunction + common noun, feminine singular with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - and her desert plain", "*kəgan-YHWH*": "preposition + common noun construct + divine name - like garden of YHWH", "*śāśôn*": "common noun, masculine singular - joy/gladness", "*wəśimḥâ*": "conjunction + common noun, feminine singular - and happiness/rejoicing", "*yimmāṣē'*": "Niphal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - will be found", "*bāh*": "preposition with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - in her", "*tôdâ*": "common noun, feminine singular - thanksgiving/praise", "*wəqôl*": "conjunction + common noun, masculine singular - and voice/sound", "*zimrâ*": "common noun, feminine singular - melody/song" }, "variants": { "*niḥam*": "comforted/consoled/had compassion on", "*ḥorbōtêhā*": "ruins/waste places/desolations", "*midbārāh*": "wilderness/desert/uninhabited land", "*'arbātāh*": "desert plain/wilderness/steppe", "*śāśôn*": "joy/gladness/delight", "*śimḥâ*": "happiness/rejoicing/pleasure", "*tôdâ*": "thanksgiving/praise/confession", "*zimrâ*": "melody/song/praise-music" } }
• Joel 2:3 : 3 { "verseID": "Joel.2.3", "source": "לְפָנָיו֙ אָ֣כְלָה אֵ֔שׁ וְאַחֲרָ֖יו תְּלַהֵ֣ט לֶֽהָבָ֑ה כְּגַן־עֵ֨דֶן הָאָ֜רֶץ לְפָנָ֗יו וְאַֽחֲרָיו֙ מִדְבַּ֣ר שְׁמָמָ֔ה וְגַם־פְּלֵיטָ֖ה לֹא־הָ֥יְתָה לּֽוֹ׃", "text": "*Lefānāyw* *ʾākhelâ* *ʾēsh* and-*ʾaḥărāyw* *telahet* *lehābâ* like-garden-*ʿēden* the-*hāʾārets* *lefānāyw* and-*ʾaḥărāyw* *midbar* *shemāmâ* and-also-*pelêtâ* not-*hāyetâ* to-him.", "grammar": { "*Lefānāyw*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - before him", "*ʾākhelâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - consumes/devours", "*ʾēsh*": "feminine singular noun - fire", "*ʾaḥărāyw*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - after him/behind him", "*telahet*": "piel imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - sets ablaze/burns", "*lehābâ*": "feminine singular noun - flame", "*ʿēden*": "proper noun - Eden", "*hāʾārets*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the land/earth", "*midbar*": "masculine singular construct - wilderness of", "*shemāmâ*": "feminine singular noun - desolation/wasteland", "*pelêtâ*": "feminine singular noun - escape/deliverance", "*hāyetâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - was/existed", "to-him": "prepositional phrase with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to him/for him" }, "variants": { "*ʾākhelâ*": "consumes/devours/eats", "*telahet*": "sets ablaze/burns/inflames", "*lehābâ*": "flame/blaze", "*midbar*": "wilderness/desert/uninhabited land", "*shemāmâ*": "desolation/wasteland/devastation", "*pelêtâ*": "escape/deliverance/survivor" } }
• Ezek 27:23 : 23 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.27.23", "source": "חָרָ֤ן וְכַנֵּה֙ וָעֶ֔דֶן רֹכְלֵ֖י שְׁבָ֑א אַשּׁ֖וּר כִּלְמַ֥ד רֹכַלְתֵּֽךְ׃", "text": "*Ḥārān* and-*Kannēh* and-*ʿEden* *rōkəlê* *Šəbāʾ*; *ʾAššûr* *Kilmad* *rōkaltēk*", "grammar": { "*Ḥārān*": "proper noun - Haran", "*Kannēh*": "proper noun - Canneh", "*ʿEden*": "proper noun - Eden", "*rōkəlê*": "construct state, masculine plural participle - merchants of", "*Šəbāʾ*": "proper noun - Sheba", "*ʾAššûr*": "proper noun - Assyria", "*Kilmad*": "proper noun - Chilmad", "*rōkaltēk*": "feminine singular + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your merchant" }, "variants": { "*rōkəlê Šəbāʾ*": "merchants of Sheba/Sheba traders" } }
• Gen 4:16 : 16 { "verseID": "Genesis.4.16", "source": "וַיֵּ֥צֵא קַ֖יִן מִלִּפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וַיֵּ֥שֶׁב בְּאֶֽרֶץ־נ֖וֹד קִדְמַת־עֵֽדֶן׃", "text": "And-*yetseʾ* *Qayin* from-before *YHWH* and-*yesheb* in-*ʾerets*-*Nod* east-of-*ʿEden*", "grammar": { "*yetseʾ*": "qal imperfect with waw-consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - went out", "*Qayin*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Cain", "*mi-lifney*": "compound preposition - from before", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*yesheb*": "qal imperfect with waw-consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - dwelled/settled", "*be-ʾerets*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - in land of", "*Nod*": "proper noun - Nod", "*qidmat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - east of", "*ʿEden*": "proper noun - Eden" }, "variants": { "*mi-lifney YHWH*": "from before YHWH/from the presence of YHWH", "*ʾerets-Nod*": "land of Nod/land of wandering (Nod means 'wandering')" } }
• 2 Kgs 19:12 : 12 { "verseID": "2 Kings.19.12", "source": "הַהִצִּ֨ילוּ אֹתָ֜ם אֱלֹהֵ֤י הַגּוֹיִם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר שִׁחֲת֣וּ אֲבוֹתַ֔י אֶת־גּוֹזָ֖ן וְאֶת־חָרָ֑ן וְרֶ֥צֶף וּבְנֵי־עֶ֖דֶן אֲשֶׁ֥ר בִּתְלַאשָּֽׂר׃", "text": "?*Hahiṣṣîlû* them *ʾĕlōhê* the-*gôyim* whom *šiḥătû* fathers-my, *ʾet*-*Gôzān* and-*ʾet*-*Ḥārān* and-*Reṣep* and-sons-of-*ʿEden* who in-*Təlaʾśśār*?", "grammar": { "*Hahiṣṣîlû*": "interrogative particle + hiphil perfect, 3rd common plural - did they deliver?", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - gods of", "*gôyim*": "noun, masculine plural + definite article - the nations", "*šiḥătû*": "piel perfect, 3rd common plural - they destroyed", "*Gôzān*": "proper noun - Gozan", "*Ḥārān*": "proper noun - Haran", "*Reṣep*": "proper noun - Rezeph", "*ʿEden*": "proper noun - Eden", "*Təlaʾśśār*": "proper noun - Telassar" }, "variants": { "*Hahiṣṣîlû*": "did they deliver/did they rescue/did they save", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "gods of/deities of", "*gôyim*": "nations/peoples/gentiles", "*šiḥătû*": "destroyed/ruined/ravaged" } }
• Ezek 31:8-9 : 8 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.31.8", "source": "אֲרָזִ֣ים לֹֽא־עֲמָמֻהוּ֮ בְּגַן־אֱלֹהִים֒ בְּרוֹשִׁ֗ים לֹ֤א דָמוּ֙ אֶל־סְעַפֹּתָ֔יו וְעַרְמֹנִ֥ים לֹֽא־הָי֖וּ כְּפֹֽארֹתָ֑יו כָּל־עֵץ֙ בְּגַן־אֱלֹהִ֔ים לֹא־דָמָ֥ה אֵלָ֖יו בְּיָפְיֽוֹ", "text": "*ʾărāzîm* not *ʿămāmuhû* in *gan-ʾĕlōhîm* *bərôšîm* not *dāmû* to *səʿappōtāyw* and *ʿarmōnîm* not *hāyû* like *pōʾrōtāyw* all *ʿēṣ* in *gan-ʾĕlōhîm* not *dāmāh* to him in *yāp̄yô*", "grammar": { "*ʾărāzîm*": "noun, masculine plural - cedars", "*ʿămāmuhû*": "qal perfect 3rd common plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - they dimmed/hid/surpassed", "*gan-ʾĕlōhîm*": "construct chain - garden of God", "*bərôšîm*": "noun, masculine plural - cypresses/firs", "*dāmû*": "qal perfect 3rd common plural - they resembled/were like", "*səʿappōtāyw*": "noun, feminine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his branches/boughs", "*ʿarmōnîm*": "noun, masculine plural - plane trees/chestnut trees", "*hāyû*": "qal perfect 3rd common plural - they were", "*pōʾrōtāyw*": "noun, feminine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his branches/boughs", "*ʿēṣ*": "noun, masculine singular - tree", "*dāmāh*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - it resembled/was like", "*yāp̄yô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his beauty" }, "variants": { "*ʿămāmuhû*": "they dimmed him/they equaled him/they surpassed him/they rivaled him", "*bərôšîm*": "cypresses/firs/junipers", "*ʿarmōnîm*": "plane trees/chestnut trees/box trees", "*dāmāh*": "resembled/compared to/was like" } } 9 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.31.9", "source": "יָפֶ֣ה עֲשִׂיתִ֔יו בְּרֹ֖ב דָּֽלִיּוֹתָ֑יו וַיְקַנְאֻ֙הוּ֙ כָּל־עֲצֵי־עֵ֔דֶן אֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּגַ֥ן הָאֱלֹהִֽים", "text": "*yāp̄eh* *ʿăśîtîw* with *rōḇ* *dāliyyôtāyw* and *wayəqanʾuhû* all *ʿăṣê-ʿēden* which in *gan* the *ʾĕlōhîm*", "grammar": { "*yāp̄eh*": "adjective, masculine singular - beautiful/fair", "*ʿăśîtîw*": "qal perfect 1st common singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - I made him", "*rōḇ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - multitude/abundance of", "*dāliyyôtāyw*": "noun, feminine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his branches/boughs", "*wayəqanʾuhû*": "conjunction + piel imperfect 3rd common plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and they envied him", "*ʿăṣê-ʿēden*": "construct chain - trees of Eden", "*gan*": "noun, masculine singular construct - garden of", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the God/gods" }, "variants": { "*yāp̄eh*": "beautiful/fair/handsome", "*ʿăśîtîw*": "I made him/I created him/I fashioned him", "*wayəqanʾuhû*": "and they envied him/and they were jealous of him", "*ʿăṣê-ʿēden*": "trees of Eden/trees of pleasure/trees of the garden of delight" } }
• Ezek 31:16 : 16 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.31.16", "source": "מִקּ֤וֹל מַפַּלְתּוֹ֙ הִרְעַ֣שְׁתִּי גוֹיִ֔ם בְּהוֹרִדִ֥י אֹת֛וֹ שְׁא֖וֹלָה אֶת־י֣וֹרְדֵי ב֑וֹר וַיִּנָּ֨חֲמ֜וּ בְּאֶ֤רֶץ תַּחְתִּית֙ כָּל־עֲצֵי־עֵ֔דֶן מִבְחַ֥ר וְטוֹב־לְבָנ֖וֹן כָּל־שֹׁ֥תֵי מָֽיִם", "text": "From *qôl* *mappalətô* *hirʿaštî* *gôyim* in *hôrîdî* *ʾōtô* *šəʾôlāh* *ʾet-yôrədê* *ḇôr* and *wayyinnāḥămû* in *ʾereṣ* *taḥtît* all *ʿăṣê-ʿēden* *miḇḥar* and *ṭôḇ-ləḇānôn* all *šōtê* *māyim*", "grammar": { "*qôl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - sound of", "*mappalətô*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his fall", "*hirʿaštî*": "hiphil perfect 1st common singular - I caused to shake/tremble", "*gôyim*": "noun, masculine plural - nations", "*hôrîdî*": "hiphil infinitive construct with 1st common singular suffix - my bringing down", "*ʾōtô*": "direct object marker with 3rd masculine singular suffix - him", "*šəʾôlāh*": "noun, feminine singular with directional he - to Sheol", "*ʾet-yôrədê*": "direct object marker + qal participle, masculine plural construct - those who go down to", "*ḇôr*": "noun, masculine singular - pit/grave", "*wayyinnāḥămû*": "conjunction + niphal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they were comforted", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land of", "*taḥtît*": "adjective, feminine singular - lower/nether", "*ʿăṣê-ʿēden*": "construct chain - trees of Eden", "*miḇḥar*": "noun, masculine singular construct - choice of", "*ṭôḇ-ləḇānôn*": "construct chain - good of Lebanon", "*šōtê*": "qal participle, masculine plural construct - drinkers of", "*māyim*": "noun, masculine plural - water" }, "variants": { "*mappalətô*": "his fall/his ruin/his downfall", "*hirʿaštî*": "I caused to shake/I made to tremble/I made quake", "*wayyinnāḥămû*": "and they were comforted/and they consoled themselves/and they were relieved", "*ʾereṣ taḥtît*": "lower land/netherworld/underworld", "*miḇḥar wəṭôḇ-ləḇānôn*": "choice and good of Lebanon/the select and best of Lebanon" } }
• Ezek 31:18 : 18 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.31.18", "source": "אֶל־מִ֨י דָמִ֥יתָ כָּ֛כָה בְּכָב֥וֹד וּבְגֹ֖דֶל בַּעֲצֵי־עֵ֑דֶן וְהוּרַדְתָּ֨ אֶת־עֲצֵי־עֵ֜דֶן אֶל־אֶ֣רֶץ תַּחְתִּ֗ית בְּת֨וֹךְ עֲרֵלִ֤ים תִּשְׁכַּב֙ אֶת־חַלְלֵי־חֶ֔רֶב ה֤וּא פַרְעֹה֙ וְכָל־הֲמוֹנֹ֔ה נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה", "text": "To whom *dāmîtā* thus in *kāḇôd* and in *ḡōdel* among *ʿăṣê-ʿēden* and *hûradtā* *ʾet-ʿăṣê-ʿēden* to *ʾereṣ* *taḥtît* in midst *ʿărēlîm* *tiškab* with *ḥalǝlê-ḥereḇ* he *parʿōh* and all *hămônōh* *nəʾum* *ʾădōnāy* *YHWH*", "grammar": { "*dāmîtā*": "qal perfect 2nd masculine singular - you resembled/were like", "*kāḇôd*": "noun, masculine singular - glory/honor", "*ḡōdel*": "noun, masculine singular - greatness/magnificence", "*ʿăṣê-ʿēden*": "construct chain - trees of Eden", "*hûradtā*": "hophal perfect 2nd masculine singular - you were brought down", "*ʾet-ʿăṣê-ʿēden*": "direct object marker + construct chain - trees of Eden", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land of", "*taḥtît*": "adjective, feminine singular - lower/nether", "*ʿărēlîm*": "noun, masculine plural - uncircumcised ones", "*tiškab*": "qal imperfect 2nd masculine singular - you will lie down", "*ḥalǝlê-ḥereḇ*": "construct chain - slain of sword", "*parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh", "*hămônōh*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his multitude", "*nəʾum*": "noun, masculine singular construct - declaration of", "*ʾădōnāy*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 1st common singular suffix - my Lord", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/the LORD" }, "variants": { "*dāmîtā*": "you resembled/you were compared/you were like", "*ʾereṣ taḥtît*": "lower land/netherworld/underworld", "*ʿărēlîm*": "uncircumcised ones/uncircumcised peoples/pagan peoples", "*ḥalǝlê-ḥereḇ*": "slain of sword/those pierced by sword/victims of sword", "*hămônōh*": "his multitude/his crowd/his wealth/his abundance", "*nəʾum*": "declaration of/oracle of/says" } }