2 {
"verseID": "Hosea.2.2",
"source": "וְ֠נִקְבְּצוּ בְּנֵֽי־יְהוּדָ֤ה וּבְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ יַחְדָּ֔ו וְשָׂמ֥וּ לָהֶ֛ם רֹ֥אשׁ אֶחָ֖ד וְעָל֣וּ מִן־הָאָ֑רֶץ כִּ֥י גָד֖וֹל י֥וֹם יִזְרְעֶֽאל׃",
"text": "And *wəniqbəṣû* *bənê*-*yəhûdāh* and *bənê*-*yiśrāʾēl* *yaḥdāw*, and *wəśāmû* for-them *rōʾš* *ʾeḥād*, and *wəʿālû* from-the-*ʾāreṣ*, for *gādôl* *yôm* *yizrəʿeʾl*.",
"grammar": {
"*wəniqbəṣû*": "conjunction + niphal perfect, 3rd plural - and they will be gathered",
"*bənê*": "construct noun, masculine, plural - sons/children of",
"*yəhûdāh*": "proper noun - Judah",
"*bənê*": "construct noun, masculine, plural - sons/children of",
"*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*yaḥdāw*": "adverb - together",
"*wəśāmû*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd plural - and they will set/put",
"*rōʾš*": "noun, masculine, singular - head/leader",
"*ʾeḥād*": "numeral, masculine, singular - one",
"*wəʿālû*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd plural - and they will go up",
"*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine, singular - land/earth",
"*gādôl*": "adjective, masculine, singular - great",
"*yôm*": "noun, masculine, singular - day",
"*yizrəʿeʾl*": "proper noun - Jezreel"
},
"variants": {
"*wəniqbəṣû*": "and they will be gathered/assembled/joined together",
"*bənê*": "sons/children/descendants",
"*yaḥdāw*": "together/united/as one",
"*wəśāmû*": "and they will set/appoint/establish",
"*rōʾš*": "head/leader/chief",
"*ʾeḥād*": "one/single/united",
"*wəʿālû*": "and they will go up/ascend/come up",
"*ʾāreṣ*": "land/earth/ground/country",
"*gādôl*": "great/large/important",
"*yôm*": "day/time/moment",
"*yizrəʿeʾl*": "Jezreel (meaning 'God sows/plants')"
}
}
3 {
"verseID": "Hosea.2.3",
"source": "אִמְר֥וּ לַאֲחֵיכֶ֖ם עַמִּ֑י וְלַאֲחֽוֹתֵיכֶ֖ם רֻחָֽמָה׃",
"text": "*ʾimrû* to-*ʾaḥêkem* *ʿammî* and to-*ʾaḥôtêkem* *ruḥāmāh*.",
"grammar": {
"*ʾimrû*": "qal imperative, masculine, plural - say",
"*ʾaḥêkem*": "noun + pronominal suffix, 2nd plural, masculine - your brothers",
"*ʿammî*": "noun + pronominal suffix, 1st singular - my people",
"*ʾaḥôtêkem*": "noun + pronominal suffix, 2nd plural, masculine - your sisters",
"*ruḥāmāh*": "pual passive participle, feminine, singular - having obtained mercy"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾimrû*": "say/speak/call",
"*ʾaḥêkem*": "your brothers/kinsmen/fellow countrymen",
"*ʿammî*": "my people/my nation",
"*ʾaḥôtêkem*": "your sisters/female relatives",
"*ruḥāmāh*": "having obtained mercy/compassion/pity (literally 'she who has been shown compassion')"
}
}
4 {
"verseID": "Hosea.2.4",
"source": "רִ֤יבוּ בְאִמְּכֶם֙ רִ֔יבוּ כִּֽי־הִיא֙ לֹ֣א אִשְׁתִּ֔י וְאָנֹכִ֖י לֹ֣א אִישָׁ֑הּ וְתָסֵ֤ר זְנוּנֶ֙יהָ֙ מִפָּנֶ֔יה וְנַאֲפוּפֶ֖יהָ מִבֵּ֥ין שָׁדֶֽיהָ׃",
"text": "*rîbû* against-*ʾimmekem* *rîbû* for-*hîʾ* not *ʾištî* and *ʾānōkî* not *ʾîšāh*; and let-*tāsēr* *zənûnêhā* from-*pānêhā* and *naʾăpûpêhā* from-between *šādêhā*.",
"grammar": {
"*rîbû*": "qal imperative, masculine, plural - contend/plead",
"*ʾimmekem*": "noun + preposition + pronominal suffix, 2nd plural, masculine - your mother",
"*rîbû*": "qal imperative, masculine, plural - contend/plead",
"*hîʾ*": "independent personal pronoun, 3rd singular, feminine - she",
"*ʾištî*": "noun + pronominal suffix, 1st singular - my wife",
"*ʾānōkî*": "independent personal pronoun, 1st singular - I",
"*ʾîšāh*": "noun + pronominal suffix, 3rd singular, feminine - her husband",
"*tāsēr*": "hiphil jussive, 3rd singular, feminine - let her remove",
"*zənûnêhā*": "noun, plural + pronominal suffix, 3rd singular, feminine - her harlotries",
"*pānêhā*": "noun, plural, construct + pronominal suffix, 3rd singular, feminine - her face",
"*naʾăpûpêhā*": "noun, plural + pronominal suffix, 3rd singular, feminine - her adulteries",
"*šādêhā*": "noun, dual + pronominal suffix, 3rd singular, feminine - her breasts"
},
"variants": {
"*rîbû*": "contend/plead/bring charges against",
"*ʾimmekem*": "your mother (collective reference to the nation)",
"*ʾištî*": "my wife/spouse",
"*ʾîšāh*": "her husband/spouse",
"*tāsēr*": "let her remove/put away/turn aside",
"*zənûnêhā*": "her harlotries/prostitutions/sexual immoralities",
"*pānêhā*": "her face/presence/appearance",
"*naʾăpûpêhā*": "her adulteries/acts of unfaithfulness",
"*šādêhā*": "her breasts (symbolic of intimacy)"
}
}
5 {
"verseID": "Hosea.2.5",
"source": "פֶּן־אַפְשִׁיטֶ֣נָּה עֲרֻמָּ֔ה וְהִ֨צַּגְתִּ֔יהָ כְּי֖וֹם הִוָּֽלְדָ֑הּ וְשַׂמְתִּ֣יהָ כַמִּדְבָּ֗ר וְשַׁתִּ֙הָ֙ כְּאֶ֣רֶץ צִיָּ֔ה וַהֲמִתִּ֖יהָ בַּצָּמָֽא׃",
"text": "Lest-*ʾapšîṭennāh* *ʿărummāh* and *hiṣṣagtîhā* like-*yôm* *hiwwāldāh*, and *śamtîhā* like-the-*midbār* and *šattihā* like-*ʾereṣ* *ṣiyyāh*, and *hamittîhā* with-the-*ṣāmāʾ*.",
"grammar": {
"*ʾapšîṭennāh*": "hiphil imperfect, 1st singular + object suffix, 3rd singular, feminine - I will strip her",
"*ʿărummāh*": "adjective, feminine, singular - naked",
"*hiṣṣagtîhā*": "hiphil perfect, 1st singular + object suffix, 3rd singular, feminine - I will set/place her",
"*yôm*": "noun, masculine, singular - day",
"*hiwwāldāh*": "niphal infinitive construct + pronominal suffix, 3rd singular, feminine - her being born",
"*śamtîhā*": "qal perfect, 1st singular + object suffix, 3rd singular, feminine - I will make her",
"*midbār*": "noun, masculine, singular - wilderness",
"*šattihā*": "qal perfect, 1st singular + object suffix, 3rd singular, feminine - I will set her",
"*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine, singular - land",
"*ṣiyyāh*": "noun, feminine, singular - drought/dryness",
"*hamittîhā*": "hiphil perfect, 1st singular + object suffix, 3rd singular, feminine - I will kill her",
"*ṣāmāʾ*": "noun, masculine, singular - thirst"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾapšîṭennāh*": "I will strip/undress/remove clothing from her",
"*ʿărummāh*": "naked/bare/exposed",
"*hiṣṣagtîhā*": "I will set/place/establish her",
"*yôm*": "day/time",
"*hiwwāldāh*": "her being born/her birth",
"*śamtîhā*": "I will make/place/establish her",
"*midbār*": "wilderness/desert/uninhabited land",
"*šattihā*": "I will set/place/establish her",
"*ʾereṣ*": "land/earth/ground",
"*ṣiyyāh*": "drought/dryness/parched land",
"*hamittîhā*": "I will kill/put to death/cause to die",
"*ṣāmāʾ*": "thirst/dryness"
}
}
6 {
"verseID": "Hosea.2.6",
"source": "וְאֶת־בָּנֶ֖יהָ לֹ֣א אֲרַחֵ֑ם כִּֽי־בְנֵ֥י זְנוּנִ֖ים הֵֽמָּה׃",
"text": "And *ʾet*-*bānêhā* not *ʾăraḥēm* for-*bənê* *zənûnîm* *hēmmāh*.",
"grammar": {
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*bānêhā*": "noun, masculine, plural + pronominal suffix, 3rd singular, feminine - her sons/children",
"*ʾăraḥēm*": "piel imperfect, 1st singular - I will have mercy",
"*bənê*": "construct noun, masculine, plural - sons/children of",
"*zənûnîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - harlotries",
"*hēmmāh*": "independent personal pronoun, 3rd plural, masculine - they"
},
"variants": {
"*bānêhā*": "her sons/children/offspring",
"*ʾăraḥēm*": "I will have mercy/compassion/pity",
"*bənê*": "sons/children/offspring of",
"*zənûnîm*": "harlotries/prostitutions/sexual immoralities",
"*hēmmāh*": "they/those ones"
}
}
7 {
"verseID": "Hosea.2.7",
"source": "כִּ֤י זָֽנְתָה֙ אִמָּ֔ם הֹבִ֖ישָׁה הֽוֹרָתָ֑ם כִּ֣י אָמְרָ֗ה אֵלְכָ֞ה אַחֲרֵ֤י מְאַהֲבַי֙ נֹתְנֵ֤י לַחְמִי֙ וּמֵימַ֔י צַמְרִ֣י וּפִשְׁתִּ֔י שַׁמְנִ֖י וְשִׁקּוּיָֽי׃",
"text": "For *zāntāh* *ʾimmām*, *hôbîšāh* *hôrātām*; for *ʾāmrāh*, *ʾēlkāh* after *məʾahăbay* *nōtnê* *laḥmî* and *mêmay*, *ṣamrî* and *pištî*, *šamnî* and *šiqqûyāy*.",
"grammar": {
"*zāntāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd singular, feminine - she committed fornication",
"*ʾimmām*": "noun + pronominal suffix, 3rd plural, masculine - their mother",
"*hôbîšāh*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd singular, feminine - she caused shame",
"*hôrātām*": "qal participle + pronominal suffix, 3rd plural, masculine - their conceiver",
"*ʾāmrāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd singular, feminine - she said",
"*ʾēlkāh*": "qal cohortative, 1st singular - let me go",
"*məʾahăbay*": "piel participle, masculine, plural + pronominal suffix, 1st singular - my lovers",
"*nōtnê*": "qal participle, masculine, plural, construct - givers of",
"*laḥmî*": "noun + pronominal suffix, 1st singular - my bread",
"*mêmay*": "noun + pronominal suffix, 1st singular - my water",
"*ṣamrî*": "noun + pronominal suffix, 1st singular - my wool",
"*pištî*": "noun + pronominal suffix, 1st singular - my flax",
"*šamnî*": "noun + pronominal suffix, 1st singular - my oil",
"*šiqqûyāy*": "noun + pronominal suffix, 1st singular - my drinks"
},
"variants": {
"*zāntāh*": "she committed fornication/played the harlot",
"*ʾimmām*": "their mother (collective reference to the nation)",
"*hôbîšāh*": "she caused shame/acted shamefully",
"*hôrātām*": "their conceiver/she who conceived them",
"*ʾāmrāh*": "she said/spoke/declared",
"*ʾēlkāh*": "let me go/I will pursue",
"*məʾahăbay*": "my lovers/those who love me/my paramours (reference to false gods)",
"*nōtnê*": "givers/providers of",
"*laḥmî*": "my bread/food/sustenance",
"*mêmay*": "my water/drink",
"*ṣamrî*": "my wool/fleece",
"*pištî*": "my flax/linen",
"*šamnî*": "my oil/fat",
"*šiqqûyāy*": "my drinks/beverages"
}
}
8 {
"verseID": "Hosea.2.8",
"source": "לָכֵ֛ן הִנְנִי־שָׂ֥ךְ אֶת־דַּרְכֵּ֖ךְ בַּסִּירִ֑ים וְגָֽדַרְתִּי֙ אֶת־גְּדֵרָ֔הּ וּנְתִיבוֹתֶ֖יהָ לֹ֥א תִמְצָֽא׃",
"text": "Therefore *hinnî*-*śāk* *ʾet*-*darkēk* with-the-*sîrîm*; and *gādartî* *ʾet*-*gədērāh* and *nətîbôtêhā* not *timṣāʾ*.",
"grammar": {
"*hinnî*": "demonstrative particle + pronominal suffix, 1st singular - behold I",
"*śāk*": "qal participle, masculine, singular - hedging",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*darkēk*": "noun + pronominal suffix, 2nd singular, feminine - your way",
"*sîrîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - thorns",
"*gādartî*": "qal perfect, 1st singular - I will wall up",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*gədērāh*": "noun + pronominal suffix, 3rd singular, feminine - her wall",
"*nətîbôtêhā*": "noun, feminine, plural + pronominal suffix, 3rd singular, feminine - her paths",
"*timṣāʾ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd singular, feminine - she will find"
},
"variants": {
"*hinnî*": "behold I/here I am",
"*śāk*": "hedging/placing obstacles/blocking",
"*darkēk*": "your way/road/journey",
"*sîrîm*": "thorns/briars/thorn bushes",
"*gādartî*": "I will wall up/hedge up/fence in",
"*gədērāh*": "her wall/fence/barrier",
"*nətîbôtêhā*": "her paths/trails/routes",
"*timṣāʾ*": "she will find/discover/locate"
}
}