1{
"verseID": "Isaiah.23.1",
"source": "מַשָּׂ֖א צֹ֑ר הֵילִ֣ילוּ ׀ אֳנִיּ֣וֹת תַּרְשִׁ֗ישׁ כִּֽי־שֻׁדַּ֤ד מִבַּ֙יִת֙ מִבּ֔וֹא מֵאֶ֥רֶץ כִּתִּ֖ים נִגְלָה־לָֽמוֹ׃",
"text": "*Maśśā* *Ṣōr* *hêlîlû* *ʾŏnîyôt* *Taršîš* *kî*-*šuddad* *mibbayit* *mibbôʾ* from-*ʾereṣ* *Kittîm* *niglāh*-to-them",
"grammar": {
"*Maśśā*": "construct, masculine singular - burden/oracle against",
"*Ṣōr*": "proper noun - Tyre",
"*hêlîlû*": "imperative, masculine plural - wail/howl",
"*ʾŏnîyôt*": "noun, feminine plural - ships",
"*Taršîš*": "proper noun - Tarshish",
"*kî*": "conjunction - for/because",
"*šuddad*": "pual perfect, 3rd masculine singular - it is devastated/destroyed",
"*mibbayit*": "preposition + noun - from house/home",
"*mibbôʾ*": "preposition + infinitive construct - from entering/coming",
"*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land of",
"*Kittîm*": "proper noun - Kittim/Cyprus/Mediterranean islands",
"*niglāh*-*lāmô*": "niphal perfect, 3rd masculine singular + preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - it is revealed to them"
},
"variants": {
"*Maśśā*": "burden/oracle/pronouncement/prophecy",
"*šuddad*": "destroyed/devastated/laid waste",
"*mibbayit*": "from house/without a house/from port",
"*mibbôʾ*": "from entering/from harbor/from haven",
"*Kittîm*": "Cyprus/Mediterranean coast/Greek islands",
"*niglāh*-*lāmô*": "it is revealed/disclosed/made known to them"
}
}
2{
"verseID": "Isaiah.23.2",
"source": "דֹּ֖מּוּ יֹ֣שְׁבֵי אִ֑י סֹחֵ֥ר צִיד֛וֹן עֹבֵ֥ר יָ֖ם מִלְאֽוּךְ׃",
"text": "*Dōmmû* *yōšbê* *ʾî* *sōḥēr* *Ṣîdôn* *ʿōbēr* *yām* *milʾûk*",
"grammar": {
"*Dōmmû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - be silent/still",
"*yōšbê*": "qal participle, masculine plural construct - inhabitants/dwellers of",
"*ʾî*": "noun, masculine singular - island/coastland",
"*sōḥēr*": "qal participle, masculine singular construct - merchant/trader of",
"*Ṣîdôn*": "proper noun - Sidon",
"*ʿōbēr*": "qal participle, masculine singular construct - crossing/passing over",
"*yām*": "noun, masculine singular - sea",
"*milʾûk*": "piel perfect, 3rd common plural + 2nd masculine singular suffix - they have filled you"
},
"variants": {
"*Dōmmû*": "be silent/be still/be dumbfounded",
"*yōšbê*": "inhabitants/dwellers/residents",
"*ʾî*": "island/coastland/shore",
"*sōḥēr*": "merchant/trader/seafarer",
"*ʿōbēr*": "crossing/passing over/traveling",
"*milʾûk*": "filled you/replenished you/enriched you"
}
}
3{
"verseID": "Isaiah.23.3",
"source": "וּבְמַ֤יִם רַבִּים֙ זֶ֣רַע שִׁחֹ֔ר קְצִ֥יר יְא֖וֹר תְּבֽוּאָתָ֑הּ וַתְּהִ֖י סְחַ֥ר גּוֹיִֽם׃",
"text": "And-on-*mayim* *rabbîm* *zeraʿ* *Šiḥōr* *qĕṣîr* *yĕʾôr* *tĕbûʾātāh* *wattĕhî* *sĕḥar* *gôyim*",
"grammar": {
"*mayim*": "noun, masculine plural - waters",
"*rabbîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - great/many",
"*zeraʿ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - seed of",
"*Šiḥōr*": "proper noun - Shihor/Nile",
"*qĕṣîr*": "noun, masculine singular construct - harvest of",
"*yĕʾôr*": "noun, masculine singular - Nile/river",
"*tĕbûʾātāh*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - its produce/revenue",
"*wattĕhî*": "conjunction + qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd feminine singular - and it became",
"*sĕḥar*": "noun, masculine singular construct - merchandise/trade of",
"*gôyim*": "noun, masculine plural - nations"
},
"variants": {
"*zeraʿ* *Šiḥōr*": "seed of Shihor/grain of the Nile/harvest of Egypt",
"*qĕṣîr* *yĕʾôr*": "harvest of the Nile/river harvest",
"*tĕbûʾātāh*": "its produce/its revenue/its income",
"*sĕḥar*": "merchandise/market/emporium"
}
}
4{
"verseID": "Isaiah.23.4",
"source": "בּ֣וֹשִׁי צִיד֔וֹן כִּֽי־אָמַ֣ר יָ֔ם מָע֥וֹז הַיָּ֖ם לֵאמֹ֑ר לֹֽא־חַ֣לְתִּי וְלֹֽא־יָלַ֗דְתִּי וְלֹ֥א גִדַּ֛לְתִּי בַּחוּרִ֖ים רוֹמַ֥מְתִּי בְתוּלֽוֹת׃",
"text": "*Bôšî* *Ṣîdôn* *kî*-*ʾāmar* *yām* *māʿôz* *hayyām* *lēʾmōr* not-*ḥaltî* and-not-*yāladtî* and-not *giddaltî* *baḥûrîm* *rômamtî* *bĕtûlôt*",
"grammar": {
"*Bôšî*": "qal imperative, feminine singular - be ashamed",
"*Ṣîdôn*": "proper noun - Sidon",
"*kî*": "conjunction - for/because",
"*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has said",
"*yām*": "noun, masculine singular - sea",
"*māʿôz*": "noun, masculine singular construct - stronghold of",
"*hayyām*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the sea",
"*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - saying",
"*ḥaltî*": "qal perfect, 1st singular - I have travailed/labored in birth",
"*yāladtî*": "qal perfect, 1st singular - I have given birth",
"*giddaltî*": "piel perfect, 1st singular - I have raised",
"*baḥûrîm*": "noun, masculine plural - young men",
"*rômamtî*": "polel perfect, 1st singular - I have brought up",
"*bĕtûlôt*": "noun, feminine plural - virgins/maidens"
},
"variants": {
"*Bôšî*": "be ashamed/be embarrassed/be disgraced",
"*māʿôz*": "stronghold/fortress/haven",
"*ḥaltî*": "travailed/labored in birth/been in pain",
"*giddaltî*": "raised/brought up/nourished",
"*rômamtî*": "brought up/raised/exalted"
}
}
5{
"verseID": "Isaiah.23.5",
"source": "כַּֽאֲשֶׁר־שֵׁ֖מַע לְמִצְרָ֑יִם יָחִ֖ילוּ כְּשֵׁ֥מַע צֹֽר׃",
"text": "*Kaʾăšer*-*šēmaʿ* to-*Miṣrāyim* *yāḥîlû* *kĕšēmaʿ* *Ṣōr*",
"grammar": {
"*Kaʾăšer*": "preposition + relative pronoun - when/as",
"*šēmaʿ*": "noun, masculine singular - report/news",
"*Miṣrāyim*": "proper noun - Egypt",
"*yāḥîlû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will be in anguish",
"*kĕšēmaʿ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - at the report of",
"*Ṣōr*": "proper noun - Tyre"
},
"variants": {
"*šēmaʿ*": "report/news/rumor",
"*yāḥîlû*": "be in anguish/writhe/be in pain",
"*kĕšēmaʿ*": "at the report of/when the news reaches/as the rumor of"
}
}
6{
"verseID": "Isaiah.23.6",
"source": "עִבְר֖וּ תַּרְשִׁ֑ישָׁה הֵילִ֖ילוּ יֹ֥שְׁבֵי אִֽי׃",
"text": "*ʿIbrû* *Taršîšāh* *hêlîlû* *yōšbê* *ʾî*",
"grammar": {
"*ʿIbrû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - cross over/pass over",
"*Taršîšāh*": "proper noun + directional heh - to Tarshish",
"*hêlîlû*": "hiphil imperative, masculine plural - wail/howl",
"*yōšbê*": "qal participle, masculine plural construct - inhabitants/dwellers of",
"*ʾî*": "noun, masculine singular - island/coastland"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿIbrû*": "cross over/pass over/go over",
"*hêlîlû*": "wail/howl/lament",
"*yōšbê*": "inhabitants/dwellers/residents",
"*ʾî*": "island/coastland/shore"
}
}
7{
"verseID": "Isaiah.23.7",
"source": "הֲזֹ֥את לָכֶ֖ם עַלִּיזָ֑ה מִֽימֵי־קֶ֤דֶם קַדְמָתָהּ֙ יֹבִל֣וּהָ רַגְלֶ֔יהָ מֵֽרָח֖וֹק לָגֽוּר׃",
"text": "?*Hăzōʾt* to-you *ʿallîzāh* from-*yĕmê*-*qedem* *qadmātāh* *yōbilûhā* *raglêhā* from-*rāḥôq* *lāgûr*",
"grammar": {
"*Hăzōʾt*": "interrogative particle + demonstrative pronoun, feminine singular - Is this",
"*ʿallîzāh*": "adjective, feminine singular - joyous/jubilant",
"*yĕmê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - days of",
"*qedem*": "noun, masculine singular - ancient times/antiquity",
"*qadmātāh*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her antiquity",
"*yōbilûhā*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine plural + 3rd feminine singular suffix - they will lead her",
"*raglêhā*": "noun, feminine dual + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her feet",
"*rāḥôq*": "noun, masculine singular - distance/far place",
"*lāgûr*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to sojourn/dwell"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿallîzāh*": "joyous/jubilant/exultant",
"*qedem*": "ancient times/antiquity/old days",
"*qadmātāh*": "her antiquity/her ancient origin/her early days",
"*yōbilûhā*": "they will lead her/they will carry her/they will take her",
"*raglêhā*": "her feet/her legs/her own power",
"*lāgûr*": "to sojourn/to dwell/to reside as an alien"
}
}
8{
"verseID": "Isaiah.23.8",
"source": "מִ֚י יָעַ֣ץ זֹ֔את עַל־צֹ֖ר הַמַּֽעֲטִירָ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר סֹחֲרֶ֙יה֙ שָׂרִ֔ים כִּנְעָנֶ֖יהָ נִכְבַדֵּי־אָֽרֶץ׃",
"text": "Who *yāʿaṣ* *zōʾt* against-*Ṣōr* *hammaʿăṭîrāh* which *sōḥărêhā* *śārîm* *kinʿānêhā* *nikbaddê*-*ʾāreṣ*",
"grammar": {
"*yāʿaṣ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - has planned/purposed",
"*zōʾt*": "demonstrative pronoun, feminine singular - this",
"*Ṣōr*": "proper noun - Tyre",
"*hammaʿăṭîrāh*": "definite article + hiphil participle, feminine singular - the crown-bestowing",
"*sōḥărêhā*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her merchants",
"*śārîm*": "noun, masculine plural - princes/officials",
"*kinʿānêhā*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her traders/Canaanites",
"*nikbaddê*": "niphal participle, masculine plural construct - honored ones of",
"*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular - earth/land"
},
"variants": {
"*yāʿaṣ*": "planned/purposed/devised",
"*hammaʿăṭîrāh*": "crown-bestowing/giver of crowns/crowning",
"*sōḥărêhā*": "her merchants/her traders/her dealers",
"*kinʿānêhā*": "her traders/her Canaanites/her merchants",
"*nikbaddê*-*ʾāreṣ*": "honored ones of the earth/nobles of the land/respected of the world"
}
}
9{
"verseID": "Isaiah.23.9",
"source": "יְהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת יְעָצָ֑הּ לְחַלֵּל֙ גְּא֣וֹן כָּל־צְבִ֔י לְהָקֵ֖ל כָּל־נִכְבַּדֵּי־אָֽרֶץ׃",
"text": "*YHWH* *ṣĕbāʾôt* *yĕʿāṣāh* *lĕḥallēl* *gĕʾôn* all-*ṣĕbî* *lĕhāqēl* all-*nikbaddê*-*ʾāreṣ*",
"grammar": {
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name",
"*ṣĕbāʾôt*": "noun, feminine plural - hosts/armies",
"*yĕʿāṣāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - he has purposed it",
"*lĕḥallēl*": "preposition + piel infinitive construct - to profane/defile",
"*gĕʾôn*": "noun, masculine singular construct - pride of",
"*ṣĕbî*": "noun, masculine singular - beauty/glory",
"*lĕhāqēl*": "preposition + hiphil infinitive construct - to bring into contempt",
"*nikbaddê*": "niphal participle, masculine plural construct - honored ones of",
"*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular - earth/land"
},
"variants": {
"*ṣĕbāʾôt*": "hosts/armies/heavenly forces",
"*yĕʿāṣāh*": "purposed it/planned it/determined it",
"*lĕḥallēl*": "to profane/to defile/to desecrate",
"*gĕʾôn*": "pride/majesty/excellency",
"*ṣĕbî*": "beauty/glory/splendor",
"*lĕhāqēl*": "to bring into contempt/to dishonor/to make light of",
"*nikbaddê*-*ʾāreṣ*": "honored ones of the earth/nobles of the land/respected of the world"
}
}