2{
"verseID": "Isaiah.34.2",
"source": "כִּ֣י קֶ֤צֶף לַֽיהוָה֙ עַל־כָּל־הַגּוֹיִ֔ם וְחֵמָ֖ה עַל־כָּל־צְבָאָ֑ם הֶחֱרִימָ֖ם נְתָנָ֥ם לַטָּֽבַח׃",
"text": "*kî* *qeṣep* *lāyhwh* *ʿal*-*kāl*-*haggôyim* *wĕḥēmâ* *ʿal*-*kāl*-*ṣĕbāʾām* *heḥĕrîmām* *nĕtānām* *laṭṭābaḥ*",
"grammar": {
"*kî*": "conjunction - for/because",
"*qeṣep*": "masculine singular noun - wrath/anger",
"*lāyhwh*": "preposition + divine name - to/for YHWH",
"*ʿal*": "preposition - upon/against",
"*kāl*": "construct form - all of",
"*haggôyim*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the nations",
"*wĕḥēmâ*": "conjunction + feminine singular noun - and fury/rage",
"*ṣĕbāʾām*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their host/army",
"*heḥĕrîmām*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - he has utterly destroyed them",
"*nĕtānām*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - he has given them",
"*laṭṭābaḥ*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - to the slaughter"
},
"variants": {
"*qeṣep*": "wrath/anger/indignation/rage",
"*haggôyim*": "the nations/the gentiles/the peoples",
"*ḥēmâ*": "fury/rage/hot anger/wrath",
"*ṣĕbāʾām*": "their host/their army/their multitude",
"*heḥĕrîmām*": "he has devoted them to destruction/utterly destroyed them/banned them",
"*nĕtānām*": "he has given them/delivered them/handed them over",
"*laṭṭābaḥ*": "to the slaughter/to the butchering/to the killing"
}
}
3{
"verseID": "Isaiah.34.3",
"source": "וְחַלְלֵיהֶ֣ם יֻשְׁלָ֔כוּ וּפִגְרֵיהֶ֖ם יַעֲלֶ֣ה בָאְשָׁ֑ם וְנָמַ֥סּוּ הָרִ֖ים מִדָּמָֽם׃",
"text": "*wĕḥallêhem* *yušlākû* *ûpigrêhem* *yaʿăleh* *bāʾšām* *wĕnāmassû* *hārîm* *middāmām*",
"grammar": {
"*wĕḥallêhem*": "conjunction + masculine plural noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and their slain",
"*yušlākû*": "hophal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will be cast out/thrown",
"*ûpigrêhem*": "conjunction + masculine plural noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and their corpses",
"*yaʿăleh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will go up/ascend",
"*bāʾšām*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their stench",
"*wĕnāmassû*": "conjunction + niphal perfect, 3rd common plural - and they will be dissolved/melted",
"*hārîm*": "masculine plural noun - mountains",
"*middāmām*": "preposition + masculine singular noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - from their blood"
},
"variants": {
"*ḥallêhem*": "their slain/their pierced/their wounded",
"*yušlākû*": "they will be cast out/thrown away/flung",
"*pigrêhem*": "their corpses/their dead bodies/their carcasses",
"*yaʿăleh*": "will go up/will rise/will ascend",
"*bāʾšām*": "their stench/their foul smell/their putridness",
"*nāmassû*": "will be dissolved/will melt/will flow away",
"*hārîm*": "mountains/hills/heights",
"*middāmām*": "from their blood/with their blood/because of their blood"
}
}
4{
"verseID": "Isaiah.34.4",
"source": "וְנָמַ֙קּוּ֙ כָּל־צְבָ֣א הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וְנָגֹ֥לּוּ כַסֵּ֖פֶר הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם וְכָל־צְבָאָ֣ם יִבּ֔וֹל כִּנְבֹ֤ל עָלֶה֙ מִגֶּ֔פֶן וּכְנֹבֶ֖לֶת מִתְּאֵנָֽה׃",
"text": "*wĕnāmaqqû* *kāl*-*ṣĕbāʾ* *haššāmayim* *wĕnāgōllû* *kassēper* *haššāmāyim* *wĕkāl*-*ṣĕbāʾām* *yibbôl* *kinbōl* *ʿāleh* *miggepen* *ûkĕnōbelet* *mittĕʾēnâ*",
"grammar": {
"*wĕnāmaqqû*": "conjunction + niphal perfect, 3rd common plural - and they will rot/dissolve",
"*kāl*": "construct form - all of",
"*ṣĕbāʾ*": "masculine singular construct noun - host of",
"*haššāmayim*": "definite article + masculine dual noun - the heavens",
"*wĕnāgōllû*": "conjunction + niphal perfect, 3rd common plural - and they will be rolled up",
"*kassēper*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - like the scroll/book",
"*haššāmāyim*": "definite article + masculine dual noun - the heavens",
"*wĕkāl*": "conjunction + construct form - and all of",
"*ṣĕbāʾām*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their host",
"*yibbôl*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will wither/fade",
"*kinbōl*": "preposition + infinitive construct - like the withering of",
"*ʿāleh*": "masculine singular noun - leaf",
"*miggepen*": "preposition + definite article + feminine singular noun - from the vine",
"*ûkĕnōbelet*": "conjunction + preposition + feminine singular noun - and like the falling/fading",
"*mittĕʾēnâ*": "preposition + definite article + feminine singular noun - from the fig tree"
},
"variants": {
"*nāmaqqû*": "will rot/will dissolve/will decay/will waste away",
"*ṣĕbāʾ*": "host/army/multitude",
"*haššāmayim*": "the heavens/the sky",
"*nāgōllû*": "will be rolled up/will be rolled together/will be rolled away",
"*kassēper*": "like the scroll/like the book/as a scroll",
"*ṣĕbāʾām*": "their host/their army/their multitude",
"*yibbôl*": "will wither/will fade/will fall/will decay",
"*kinbōl*": "like the withering of/as the falling of/as the fading of",
"*ʿāleh*": "leaf/foliage",
"*miggepen*": "from the vine/from the grapevine",
"*nōbelet*": "falling/fading/withering",
"*mittĕʾēnâ*": "from the fig tree"
}
}
5{
"verseID": "Isaiah.34.5",
"source": "כִּֽי־רִוְּתָ֥ה בַשָּׁמַ֖יִם חַרְבִּ֑י הִנֵּה֙ עַל־אֱד֣וֹם תֵּרֵ֔ד וְעַל־עַ֥ם חֶרְמִ֖י לְמִשְׁפָּֽט׃",
"text": "*kî*-*riwwĕtâ* *baššāmayim* *ḥarbî* *hinnēh* *ʿal*-*ʾĕdôm* *tērēd* *wĕʿal*-*ʿam* *ḥermî* *lĕmišpāṭ*",
"grammar": {
"*kî*": "conjunction - for/because",
"*riwwĕtâ*": "piel perfect, 3rd feminine singular - it has drunk its fill/is saturated",
"*baššāmayim*": "preposition + definite article + masculine dual noun - in the heavens",
"*ḥarbî*": "feminine singular noun + 1st singular suffix - my sword",
"*hinnēh*": "interjection - behold/lo",
"*ʿal*": "preposition - upon/against",
"*ʾĕdôm*": "proper noun - Edom",
"*tērēd*": "qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - it will come down/descend",
"*wĕʿal*": "conjunction + preposition - and upon",
"*ʿam*": "masculine singular construct - people of",
"*ḥermî*": "masculine singular noun + 1st singular suffix - my destruction/ban",
"*lĕmišpāṭ*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - for judgment"
},
"variants": {
"*riwwĕtâ*": "has drunk its fill/is saturated/is drenched",
"*baššāmayim*": "in the heavens/in the sky",
"*ḥarbî*": "my sword/my weapon",
"*hinnēh*": "behold/look/see",
"*ʾĕdôm*": "Edom (nation south of Judah)",
"*tērēd*": "will come down/will descend/will fall",
"*ʿam*": "people/nation",
"*ḥermî*": "my destruction/my ban/my devoted thing/people I have devoted to destruction",
"*lĕmišpāṭ*": "for judgment/for justice/for a verdict"
}
}