3 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.53.3",
"source": "נִבְזֶה֙ וַחֲדַ֣ל אִישִׁ֔ים אִ֥ישׁ מַכְאֹב֖וֹת וִיד֣וּעַ חֹ֑לִי וּכְמַסְתֵּ֤ר פָּנִים֙ מִמֶּ֔נּוּ נִבְזֶ֖ה וְלֹ֥א חֲשַׁבְנֻֽהוּ׃",
"text": "*Nivzeh* and *ḥadal* *ʾishim*, *ʾish* *makʾovot* and *yeduaʿ* *ḥoli*, and like *master* *panim* from him, *nivzeh* and not we *ḥashavnuhu*.",
"grammar": {
"*nivzeh*": "niphal participle, masculine singular - despised/disdained",
"*wa-ḥadal*": "conjunction with adjective construct - and rejected/forsaken of",
"*ʾishim*": "masculine plural noun - men",
"*ʾish*": "masculine singular noun - man of [construct state]",
"*makʾovot*": "feminine plural noun - pains/sorrows",
"*wi-yeduaʿ*": "conjunction with qal passive participle, masculine singular - and acquainted with/knowing",
"*ḥoli*": "masculine singular noun - sickness/disease",
"*u-ke-master*": "conjunction, preposition with hiphil participle, masculine singular - and like one hiding",
"*panim*": "masculine plural noun - face",
"*mimmennu*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - from him",
"*nivzeh*": "niphal participle, masculine singular - despised",
"*we-loʾ*": "conjunction with negative particle - and not",
"*ḥashavnuhu*": "qal perfect, 1st person plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - we esteemed him"
},
"variants": {
"*nivzeh*": "despised/disdained/rejected",
"*ḥadal*": "forsaken/abandoned/rejected/lacking",
"*ʾishim*": "men/people/mankind",
"*ʾish*": "man/person",
"*makʾovot*": "pains/sorrows/suffering",
"*yeduaʿ*": "acquainted with/knowing/familiar with",
"*ḥoli*": "sickness/disease/grief",
"*master panim*": "hiding face/concealing face/turning away face",
"*ḥashavnuhu*": "we esteemed him/we valued him/we regarded him"
}
}
4 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.53.4",
"source": "אָכֵ֤ן חֳלָיֵ֙נוּ֙ ה֣וּא נָשָׂ֔א וּמַכְאֹבֵ֖ינוּ סְבָלָ֑ם וַאֲנַ֣חְנוּ חֲשַׁבְנֻ֔הוּ נָג֛וּעַ מֻכֵּ֥ה אֱלֹהִ֖ים וּמְעֻנֶּֽה׃",
"text": "*ʾAken* *ḥolayenu* he *nasaʾ*, and *makʾovenu* *sevalam*, and we *ḥashavnuhu* *naguaʿ* *mukkeh* *ʾElohim* and *meʿunneh*.",
"grammar": {
"*ʾaken*": "adverb - surely/truly/indeed",
"*ḥolayenu*": "masculine plural noun with 1st person plural suffix - our sicknesses/diseases",
"*huʾ*": "3rd person masculine singular pronoun - he",
"*nasaʾ*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - carried/bore/lifted",
"*u-makʾovenu*": "conjunction with masculine plural noun with 1st person plural suffix - and our pains/sorrows",
"*sevalam*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - he bore them",
"*wa-ʾanaḥnu*": "conjunction with 1st person plural pronoun - and we",
"*ḥashavnuhu*": "qal perfect, 1st person plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - we considered him",
"*naguaʿ*": "qal passive participle, masculine singular - stricken/smitten/plagued",
"*mukkeh*": "hophal participle, masculine singular construct - struck by",
"*ʾElohim*": "masculine plural noun - God",
"*u-meʿunneh*": "conjunction with pual participle, masculine singular - and afflicted"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾaken*": "surely/truly/indeed/yet",
"*ḥolayenu*": "our sicknesses/our diseases/our infirmities",
"*nasaʾ*": "carried/bore/lifted/took",
"*makʾovenu*": "our pains/our sorrows/our sufferings",
"*sevalam*": "he bore them/he carried them/he endured them",
"*ḥashavnuhu*": "we considered him/we regarded him/we esteemed him",
"*naguaʿ*": "stricken/smitten/afflicted/plagued",
"*mukkeh*": "struck by/smitten by/beaten by",
"*ʾElohim*": "God/gods/divine being",
"*meʿunneh*": "afflicted/humbled/oppressed"
}
}
5 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.53.5",
"source": "וְהוּא֙ מְחֹלָ֣ל מִפְּשָׁעֵ֔נוּ מְדֻכָּ֖א מֵעֲוֺנֹתֵ֑ינוּ מוּסַ֤ר שְׁלוֹמֵ֙נוּ֙ עָלָ֔יו וּבַחֲבֻרָת֖וֹ נִרְפָּא־לָֽנוּ׃",
"text": "And he *meḥolal* from *peshaʿenu*, *medukaʾ* from *ʿavonoteinu*, *musar* *shelomenu* upon him, and with *ḥavurato* *nirpaʾ* to us.",
"grammar": {
"*we-huʾ*": "conjunction with 3rd person masculine singular pronoun - and he",
"*meḥolal*": "poal participle, masculine singular - pierced/wounded/profaned",
"*mi-peshaʿenu*": "preposition with masculine plural noun with 1st person plural suffix - from/because of our transgressions",
"*medukaʾ*": "pual participle, masculine singular - crushed/bruised",
"*me-ʿavonoteinu*": "preposition with masculine plural noun with 1st person plural suffix - from/because of our iniquities",
"*musar*": "masculine singular noun construct - chastisement/discipline of",
"*shelomenu*": "masculine singular noun with 1st person plural suffix - our peace/welfare",
"*ʿalaw*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - upon him",
"*u-va-ḥavurato*": "conjunction, preposition with feminine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and by his wounds/stripes",
"*nirpaʾ-lanu*": "niphal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular with preposition and 1st person plural suffix - healing was to us/we were healed"
},
"variants": {
"*meḥolal*": "pierced/wounded/profaned/defiled",
"*peshaʿenu*": "our transgressions/our rebellions/our crimes",
"*medukaʾ*": "crushed/bruised/broken/shattered",
"*ʿavonoteinu*": "our iniquities/our sins/our guilt",
"*musar*": "chastisement/discipline/punishment/correction",
"*shelomenu*": "our peace/our welfare/our well-being/our wholeness",
"*ḥavurato*": "his wounds/his stripes/his bruises",
"*nirpaʾ-lanu*": "healing was to us/we were healed/we are healed"
}
}
6 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.53.6",
"source": "כֻּלָּ֙נוּ֙ כַּצֹּ֣אן תָּעִ֔ינוּ אִ֥ישׁ לְדַרְכּ֖וֹ פָּנִ֑ינוּ וַֽיהוָה֙ הִפְגִּ֣יעַ בּ֔וֹ אֵ֖ת עֲוֺ֥ן כֻּלָּֽנוּ׃",
"text": "All of us like the *tsoʾn* *taʿinu*, *ʾish* to his *darko* *paninu*, and *YHWH* *hiphgiaʿ* on him *ʾet* *ʿavon* all of us.",
"grammar": {
"*kullanu*": "masculine noun with 1st person plural suffix - all of us",
"*ka-tsoʾn*": "preposition with collective noun - like the sheep/flock",
"*taʿinu*": "qal perfect, 1st person plural - we went astray/wandered",
"*ʾish*": "masculine singular noun - each man/each one",
"*le-darko*": "preposition with masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to his way",
"*paninu*": "qal perfect, 1st person plural - we turned/faced",
"*wa-YHWH*": "conjunction with divine name - and YHWH",
"*hiphgiaʿ*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - caused to meet/laid upon",
"*bo*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - on him",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*ʿavon*": "masculine singular construct - iniquity of",
"*kullanu*": "masculine noun with 1st person plural suffix - all of us"
},
"variants": {
"*tsoʾn*": "sheep/flock",
"*taʿinu*": "we went astray/we wandered/we strayed",
"*ʾish*": "each/everyone/each person",
"*darko*": "his way/his path/his road",
"*paninu*": "we turned/we faced/we went",
"*hiphgiaʿ*": "laid upon/made to meet/caused to fall upon",
"*ʿavon*": "iniquity/sin/guilt/punishment for sin"
}
}
7 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.53.7",
"source": "נִגַּ֨שׂ וְה֣וּא נַעֲנֶה֮ וְלֹ֣א יִפְתַּח־פִּיו֒ כַּשֶּׂה֙ לַטֶּ֣בַח יוּבָ֔ל וּכְרָחֵ֕ל לִפְנֵ֥י גֹזְזֶ֖יהָ נֶאֱלָ֑מָה וְלֹ֥א יִפְתַּ֖ח פִּֽיו׃",
"text": "*Niggash* and he *naʿaneh* and not *yiphtaḥ* his *piv*, like the *seh* to the *tevaḥ* *yuval*, and like *raḥel* before *gozezeiha* *neʾelamah*, and not *yiphtaḥ* his *piv*.",
"grammar": {
"*niggash*": "niphal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he was oppressed/harassed",
"*we-huʾ*": "conjunction with 3rd person masculine singular pronoun - and he",
"*naʿaneh*": "niphal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - was afflicted/humbled",
"*we-loʾ*": "conjunction with negative particle - and not",
"*yiphtaḥ-piv*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with noun and 3rd person masculine singular suffix - he opens his mouth",
"*ka-seh*": "preposition with masculine singular noun - like a sheep/lamb",
"*la-tevaḥ*": "preposition with masculine singular noun - to the slaughter",
"*yuval*": "hophal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - is led/brought",
"*u-khe-raḥel*": "conjunction, preposition with feminine singular noun - and like a ewe",
"*li-phnei*": "preposition with plural construct - before",
"*gozezeiha*": "masculine plural noun construct with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her shearers",
"*neʾelamah*": "niphal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - is silent/mute",
"*we-loʾ*": "conjunction with negative particle - and not",
"*yiphtaḥ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he opens",
"*piv*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his mouth"
},
"variants": {
"*niggash*": "he was oppressed/he was harassed/he was hard-pressed",
"*naʿaneh*": "was afflicted/was humbled/was mistreated",
"*yiphtaḥ-piv*": "he opens his mouth/he speaks",
"*seh*": "sheep/lamb",
"*tevaḥ*": "slaughter/slaughtering",
"*yuval*": "is led/is brought/is carried",
"*raḥel*": "ewe/female sheep",
"*gozezeiha*": "her shearers",
"*neʾelamah*": "is silent/is mute/is speechless"
}
}
8 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.53.8",
"source": "מֵעֹ֤צֶר וּמִמִּשְׁפָּט֙ לֻקָּ֔ח וְאֶת־דּוֹר֖וֹ מִ֣י יְשׂוֹחֵ֑חַ כִּ֤י נִגְזַר֙ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ חַיִּ֔ים מִפֶּ֥שַׁע עַמִּ֖י נֶ֥גַע לָֽמוֹ׃",
"text": "From *ʿotser* and from *mishpat* *luqqaḥ*, and *ʾet*-*doro* who *yesoḥeaḥ*? For he *nigzar* from *ʾerets* *ḥayyim*, from *peshaʿ* my *ʿammi* *negaʿ* to him.",
"grammar": {
"*me-ʿotser*": "preposition with masculine singular noun - from restraint/oppression",
"*u-mi-mishpat*": "conjunction, preposition with masculine singular noun - and from judgment/justice",
"*luqqaḥ*": "pual perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he was taken/taken away",
"*we-ʾet-doro*": "conjunction, direct object marker with masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and his generation/contemporaries",
"*mi*": "interrogative pronoun - who",
"*yesoḥeaḥ*": "polel imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - considers/meditates/talks about",
"*ki*": "conjunction - for/because",
"*nigzar*": "niphal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - was cut off",
"*me-ʾerets*": "preposition with feminine singular noun - from the land of",
"*ḥayyim*": "masculine plural noun - living/life",
"*mi-peshaʿ*": "preposition with masculine singular construct - from transgression of",
"*ʿammi*": "masculine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - my people",
"*negaʿ*": "masculine singular noun - plague/stroke",
"*lamo*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix (poetic form) - to him"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿotser*": "restraint/oppression/prison/coercion",
"*mishpat*": "judgment/justice/legal process",
"*luqqaḥ*": "he was taken/he was taken away/he was seized",
"*doro*": "his generation/his contemporaries/his age",
"*yesoḥeaḥ*": "considers/meditates/talks about/declares",
"*nigzar*": "was cut off/was separated/was excluded",
"*ʾerets ḥayyim*": "land of the living/land of life",
"*peshaʿ*": "transgression/rebellion/sin",
"*ʿammi*": "my people/my nation",
"*negaʿ*": "plague/stroke/blow/wound",
"*lamo*": "to him/for him/upon him"
}
}
9 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.53.9",
"source": "וַיִּתֵּ֤ן אֶת־רְשָׁעִים֙ קִבְר֔וֹ וְאֶת־עָשִׁ֖יר בְּמֹתָ֑יו עַ֚ל לֹא־חָמָ֣ס עָשָׂ֔ה וְלֹ֥א מִרְמָ֖ה בְּפִֽיו׃",
"text": "And he *yitten* *ʾet*-*reshaʿim* his *qivro*, and *ʾet*-*ʿashir* in his *motaw*, though no *ḥamas* he *ʿasah*, and no *mirmah* in his *piv*.",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yitten*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - he gave/appointed",
"*ʾet-reshaʿim*": "direct object marker with masculine plural noun - with the wicked",
"*qivro*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his grave",
"*we-ʾet-ʿashir*": "conjunction, direct object marker with adjective - and with the rich",
"*be-motaw*": "preposition with feminine plural noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - in his deaths",
"*ʿal*": "preposition - although/despite",
"*loʾ-ḥamas*": "negative particle with masculine singular noun - no violence",
"*ʿasah*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he did/committed",
"*we-loʾ*": "conjunction with negative particle - and no",
"*mirmah*": "feminine singular noun - deceit/treachery",
"*be-piv*": "preposition with masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - in his mouth"
},
"variants": {
"*yitten*": "gave/appointed/assigned",
"*reshaʿim*": "wicked ones/evil people/criminals",
"*qivro*": "his grave/his tomb/his burial place",
"*ʿashir*": "rich man/wealthy person",
"*motaw*": "his deaths (plural form possibly indicating intensity)/his death",
"*ʿal*": "although/despite/because",
"*ḥamas*": "violence/wrong/injustice",
"*ʿasah*": "did/committed/performed",
"*mirmah*": "deceit/treachery/fraud/falsehood"
}
}
10 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.53.10",
"source": "וַיהוָ֞ה חָפֵ֤ץ דַּכְּאוֹ֙ הֶֽחֱלִ֔י אִם־תָּשִׂ֤ים אָשָׁם֙ נַפְשׁ֔וֹ יִרְאֶ֥ה זֶ֖רַע יַאֲרִ֣יךְ יָמִ֑ים וְחֵ֥פֶץ יְהוָ֖ה בְּיָד֥וֹ יִצְלָֽח׃",
"text": "And *YHWH* *ḥaphets* *dakkeʾo* *heḥeli*, if *tasim* *ʾasham* his *naphsho*, he will *yirʾeh* *zeraʿ*, he will *yaʾarik* *yamim*, and *ḥephets* *YHWH* in his *yado* *yitslaḥ*.",
"grammar": {
"*wa-YHWH*": "conjunction with divine name - and YHWH",
"*ḥaphets*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - desired/was pleased",
"*dakkeʾo*": "piel infinitive construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to crush him",
"*heḥeli*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he made sick/wounded",
"*ʾim-tasim*": "conditional particle with qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - if you make/place",
"*ʾasham*": "masculine singular noun - guilt offering/restitution",
"*naphsho*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his soul/life",
"*yirʾeh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will see",
"*zeraʿ*": "masculine singular noun - seed/offspring/descendants",
"*yaʾarik*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will prolong",
"*yamim*": "masculine plural noun - days",
"*we-ḥephets*": "conjunction with masculine singular construct - and pleasure/will/purpose of",
"*YHWH*": "divine name",
"*be-yado*": "preposition with feminine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - in his hand",
"*yitslaḥ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - will prosper/succeed"
},
"variants": {
"*ḥaphets*": "desired/was pleased/delighted in",
"*dakkeʾo*": "to crush him/to bruise him/to oppress him",
"*heḥeli*": "made sick/wounded/put to grief",
"*tasim*": "you make/you place/you set",
"*ʾasham*": "guilt offering/sin offering/restitution",
"*naphsho*": "his soul/his life/himself",
"*yirʾeh*": "he will see/he will perceive/he will experience",
"*zeraʿ*": "seed/offspring/descendants/posterity",
"*yaʾarik*": "he will prolong/he will extend/he will lengthen",
"*yamim*": "days/lifetime",
"*ḥephets*": "pleasure/will/purpose/delight",
"*yado*": "his hand",
"*yitslaḥ*": "will prosper/will succeed/will thrive"
}
}
11 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.53.11",
"source": "מֵעֲמַ֤ל נַפְשׁוֹ֙ יִרְאֶ֣ה יִשְׂבָּ֔ע בְּדַעְתּ֗וֹ יַצְדִּ֥יק צַדִּ֛יק עַבְדִּ֖י לָֽרַבִּ֑ים וַעֲוֺנֹתָ֖ם ה֥וּא יִסְבֹּֽל׃",
"text": "From *ʿamal* his *naphsho* he will *yirʾeh* *yisbaʿ*. By his *daʿto* he will *yatsdiq* *tsaddiq* my *ʿavdi* to the *rabbim*, and their *ʿavonotam* he will *yisbol*.",
"grammar": {
"*me-ʿamal*": "preposition with masculine singular construct - from travail/labor of",
"*naphsho*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his soul/life",
"*yirʾeh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will see",
"*yisbaʿ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will be satisfied",
"*be-daʿto*": "preposition with feminine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - by his knowledge",
"*yatsdiq*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will justify/make righteous",
"*tsaddiq*": "adjective, masculine singular - righteous",
"*ʿavdi*": "masculine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - my servant",
"*la-rabbim*": "preposition with masculine plural adjective - for the many",
"*wa-ʿavonotam*": "conjunction with masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - and their iniquities",
"*huʾ*": "3rd person masculine singular pronoun - he",
"*yisbol*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will bear/carry"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿamal*": "travail/labor/toil/anguish",
"*naphsho*": "his soul/his life/himself",
"*yirʾeh*": "he will see/he will perceive/he will experience",
"*yisbaʿ*": "he will be satisfied/he will be content/he will have enough",
"*daʿto*": "his knowledge/his understanding/his experience",
"*yatsdiq*": "he will justify/he will make righteous/he will vindicate",
"*tsaddiq*": "righteous one/just/righteous",
"*ʿavdi*": "my servant/my slave",
"*rabbim*": "many/great ones/multitude",
"*ʿavonotam*": "their iniquities/their sins/their guilt",
"*yisbol*": "he will bear/he will carry/he will endure"
}
}
12 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.53.12",
"source": "לָכֵ֞ן אֲחַלֶּק־ל֣וֹ בָרַבִּ֗ים וְאֶת־עֲצוּמִים֮ יְחַלֵּ֣ק שָׁלָל֒ תַּ֗חַת אֲשֶׁ֨ר הֶעֱרָ֤ה לַמָּ֙וֶת֙ נַפְשׁ֔וֹ וְאֶת־פֹּשְׁעִ֖ים נִמְנָ֑ה וְהוּא֙ חֵטְא־רַבִּ֣ים נָשָׂ֔א וְלַפֹּשְׁעִ֖ים יַפְגִּֽיעַ׃",
"text": "Therefore I will *ʾaḥalleq* to him in the *rabbim*, and *ʾet*-*ʿatsumim* he will *yeḥalleq* *shalal*, because *ʾasher* he *heʿerah* to the *mawet* his *naphsho*, and *ʾet*-*posheʿim* he was *nimnah*, and he *ḥet*-*rabbim* *nasaʾ*, and for the *posheʿim* he *yaphgiaʿ*.",
"grammar": {
"*laken*": "adverb - therefore/consequently",
"*ʾaḥalleq-lo*": "piel imperfect, 1st person singular with preposition and 3rd person masculine singular suffix - I will divide/assign to him",
"*va-rabbim*": "preposition with definite article and masculine plural adjective - among the many",
"*we-ʾet-ʿatsumim*": "conjunction, direct object marker with masculine plural adjective - and the strong/mighty",
"*yeḥalleq*": "piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will divide/distribute",
"*shalal*": "masculine singular noun - spoil/plunder",
"*taḥat*": "preposition - because/instead of",
"*ʾasher*": "relative pronoun - that/which",
"*heʿerah*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he poured out",
"*la-mawet*": "preposition with definite article and masculine singular noun - to the death",
"*naphsho*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his soul/life",
"*we-ʾet-posheʿim*": "conjunction, direct object marker with masculine plural participle - and with transgressors",
"*nimnah*": "niphal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he was numbered/counted",
"*we-huʾ*": "conjunction with 3rd person masculine singular pronoun - and he",
"*ḥet-rabbim*": "masculine singular construct with masculine plural adjective - sin of many",
"*nasaʾ*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - bore/carried",
"*we-la-posheʿim*": "conjunction, preposition with definite article and masculine plural participle - and for the transgressors",
"*yaphgiaʿ*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he intercedes/intervenes"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾaḥalleq*": "I will divide/I will assign/I will apportion",
"*rabbim*": "many/great ones/multitude",
"*ʿatsumim*": "strong ones/mighty ones/numerous ones",
"*yeḥalleq*": "he will divide/he will distribute/he will share",
"*shalal*": "spoil/plunder/booty",
"*heʿerah*": "poured out/laid bare/exposed",
"*mawet*": "death",
"*naphsho*": "his soul/his life/himself",
"*posheʿim*": "transgressors/rebels/sinners",
"*nimnah*": "was numbered/was counted/was assigned",
"*ḥet*": "sin/offense/guilt",
"*nasaʾ*": "bore/carried/lifted",
"*yaphgiaʿ*": "intercedes/intervenes/makes intercession/entreats"
}
}