1 Sam 30:1-8 : 1 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.30.1",
"source": "וַיְהִ֞י בְּבֹ֨א דָוִ֧ד וַאֲנָשָׁ֛יו צִֽקְלַ֖ג בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֑י וַעֲמָלֵקִ֣י פָֽשְׁט֗וּ אֶל־נֶ֙גֶב֙ וְאֶל־צִ֣קְלַ֔ג וַיַּכּוּ֙ אֶת־צִ֣קְלַ֔ג וַיִּשְׂרְפ֥וּ אֹתָ֖הּ בָּאֵֽשׁ",
"text": "And *wayəhî* in *bəḇōʾ* *dāwiḏ* and *ʾănāšāʾyw* to *ṣīqəlaḡ* in the day the third, and *ʿămālēqî* had *pāśəṭû* against *neḡeḇ* and against *ṣīqəlaḡ*, and they *wayyakkû* *ṣīqəlaḡ* and they *wayyiśrəp̄û* it in the *bāʾēš*",
"grammar": {
"*wayəhî*": "consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it happened/came to pass",
"*bəḇōʾ*": "preposition + infinitive construct - in/when coming/arriving",
"*dāwiḏ*": "proper noun - David",
"*ʾănāšāʾyw*": "noun masculine plural construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his men",
"*ṣīqəlaḡ*": "proper noun - Ziklag",
"*ʿămālēqî*": "noun masculine plural - Amalekites",
"*pāśəṭû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - had raided/invaded",
"*neḡeḇ*": "noun masculine singular - Negev/south country",
"*wayyakkû*": "consecutive imperfect hiphil, 3rd common plural - and they struck/attacked",
"*wayyiśrəp̄û*": "consecutive imperfect qal, 3rd common plural - and they burned",
"*bāʾēš*": "preposition + definite article + noun feminine singular - in the fire"
},
"variants": {
"*wayəhî*": "and it happened/it came to pass/it was",
"*pāśəṭû*": "raided/invaded/spread out",
"*neḡeḇ*": "south/southern region/Negev",
"*wayyakkû*": "struck/attacked/defeated/destroyed"
}
}
2 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.30.2",
"source": "וַיִּשְׁבּ֨וּ אֶת־הַנָּשִׁ֤ים אֲשֶׁר־בָּהּ֙ מִקָּטֹ֣ן וְעַד־גָּד֔וֹל לֹ֥א הֵמִ֖יתוּ אִ֑ישׁ וַיִּֽנְהֲג֔וּ וַיֵּלְכ֖וּ לְדַרְכָּֽם",
"text": "And they *wayyišbû* *ʾeṯ*-the women who *ʾăšer*-in it, from *miqqāṭōn* and unto-*gāḏôl*, not they *hēmîṯû* *ʾîš*, and they *wayyinhaḡû* and they *wayyēləḵû* to *ləḏarəkkām*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyišbû*": "consecutive imperfect qal, 3rd common plural - and they captured/took captive",
"*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who/that/which",
"*miqqāṭōn*": "preposition + adjective masculine singular - from small/young",
"*gāḏôl*": "adjective masculine singular - great/large/old",
"*hēmîṯû*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd common plural - they killed/put to death",
"*ʾîš*": "noun masculine singular - man/anyone",
"*wayyinhaḡû*": "consecutive imperfect qal, 3rd common plural - and they drove/led away",
"*wayyēləḵû*": "consecutive imperfect qal, 3rd common plural - and they went/walked",
"*ləḏarəkkām*": "preposition + noun feminine singular construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - to their way/path"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyišbû*": "took captive/captured/carried off",
"*miqqāṭōn*": "from small/young/least",
"*gāḏôl*": "great/large/important/old",
"*wayyinhaḡû*": "drove away/led/conducted/carried"
}
}
3 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.30.3",
"source": "וַיָּבֹ֨א דָוִ֤ד וַֽאֲנָשָׁיו֙ אֶל־הָעִ֔יר וְהִנֵּ֥ה שְׂרוּפָ֖ה בָּאֵ֑שׁ וּנְשֵׁיהֶ֛ם וּבְנֵיהֶ֥ם וּבְנֹתֵיהֶ֖ם נִשְׁבּֽוּ",
"text": "And *wayyāḇōʾ* *dāwiḏ* and *ʾănāšāyw* to-the *hāʿîr*, and *wəhinnēh* *śərûp̄āh* in the *bāʾēš*, and their *ûnəšêhem* and their *ûḇənêhem* and their *ûḇənōṯêhem* had been *nišbû*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyāḇōʾ*": "consecutive imperfect qal, 3rd masculine singular - and he came/entered",
"*dāwiḏ*": "proper noun - David",
"*ʾănāšāyw*": "noun masculine plural construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his men",
"*hāʿîr*": "definite article + noun feminine singular - the city",
"*wəhinnēh*": "conjunction + demonstrative particle - and behold/lo",
"*śərûp̄āh*": "qal passive participle, feminine singular - burned",
"*bāʾēš*": "preposition + definite article + noun feminine singular - in the fire",
"*ûnəšêhem*": "conjunction + noun feminine plural construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - and their wives",
"*ûḇənêhem*": "conjunction + noun masculine plural construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - and their sons",
"*ûḇənōṯêhem*": "conjunction + noun feminine plural construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - and their daughters",
"*nišbû*": "niphal perfect, 3rd common plural - had been taken captive"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyāḇōʾ*": "came/entered/arrived",
"*wəhinnēh*": "behold/lo/see",
"*śərûp̄āh*": "burned/consumed by fire",
"*nišbû*": "were taken captive/were captured"
}
}
4 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.30.4",
"source": "וַיִּשָּׂ֨א דָוִ֜ד וְהָעָ֧ם אֲשֶׁר־אִתּ֛וֹ אֶת־קוֹלָ֖ם וַיִּבְכּ֑וּ עַ֣ד אֲשֶׁ֧ר אֵין־בָּהֶ֛ם כֹּ֖חַ לִבְכּֽוֹת",
"text": "And *wayyiśśāʾ* *dāwiḏ* and the *hāʿām* who *ʾăšer*-with him *ʾeṯ*-their *qôlām* and they *wayyiḇkû* until *ʾăšer* *ʾên*-in them *kōaḥ* to *liḇkôṯ*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyiśśāʾ*": "consecutive imperfect qal, 3rd masculine singular - and he lifted/raised",
"*dāwiḏ*": "proper noun - David",
"*hāʿām*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the people",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who/that/which",
"*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*qôlām*": "noun masculine singular construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their voice",
"*wayyiḇkû*": "consecutive imperfect qal, 3rd common plural - and they wept/cried",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - that/which",
"*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is not/no",
"*kōaḥ*": "noun masculine singular - strength/power",
"*liḇkôṯ*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to weep/cry"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyiśśāʾ*": "lifted up/raised/carried",
"*hāʿām*": "people/nation/troops",
"*qôlām*": "their voice/sound/cry",
"*kōaḥ*": "strength/power/might/ability"
}
}
5 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.30.5",
"source": "וּשְׁתֵּ֥י נְשֵֽׁי־דָוִ֖ד נִשְׁבּ֑וּ אֲחִינֹ֙עַם֙ הַיִּזְרְעֵלִ֔ית וַאֲבִיגַ֕יִל אֵ֖שֶׁת נָבָ֥ל הַֽכַּרְמְלִֽי",
"text": "And two *ûšəttê* *nəšê*-*dāwiḏ* were *nišbû*: *ʾăḥînōʿam* the *hayyizrəʿēlîṯ* and *waʾăḇîḡayil* *ʾēšeṯ* *nāḇāl* the *hakkarməlî*",
"grammar": {
"*ûšəttê*": "conjunction + cardinal number feminine construct - and two of",
"*nəšê*": "noun feminine plural construct - wives of",
"*dāwiḏ*": "proper noun - David",
"*nišbû*": "niphal perfect, 3rd common plural - had been taken captive",
"*ʾăḥînōʿam*": "proper noun, feminine - Ahinoam",
"*hayyizrəʿēlîṯ*": "definite article + gentilic adjective feminine singular - the Jezreelitess",
"*waʾăḇîḡayil*": "conjunction + proper noun, feminine - and Abigail",
"*ʾēšeṯ*": "noun feminine singular construct - wife of",
"*nāḇāl*": "proper noun - Nabal",
"*hakkarməlî*": "definite article + gentilic adjective masculine singular - the Carmelite"
},
"variants": {
"*nəšê*": "wives/women",
"*nišbû*": "were taken captive/were captured",
"*ʾēšeṯ*": "wife of/woman of"
}
}
6 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.30.6",
"source": "וַתֵּ֨צֶר לְדָוִ֜ד מְאֹ֗ד כִּֽי־אָמְר֤וּ הָעָם֙ לְסָקְל֔וֹ כִּֽי־מָ֙רָה֙ נֶ֣פֶשׁ כָּל־הָעָ֔ם אִ֖ישׁ עַל־בָּנָ֣יו וְעַל־בְּנֹתָ֑יו וַיִּתְחַזֵּ֣ק דָּוִ֔ד בַּיהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהָֽיו",
"text": "And *wattēṣer* to *dāwiḏ* *məʾōḏ* for *kî*-spoke the *hāʿām* to *ləsāqəlô* for *kî*-was bitter *mārāh* *nep̄eš* all-the *hāʿām*, *ʾîš* upon-*bānāyw* and upon-*bənōṯāyw*; and *wayyiṯḥazzēq* *dāwiḏ* in *bayhwh* *ʾĕlōhāyw*",
"grammar": {
"*wattēṣer*": "consecutive imperfect qal, 3rd feminine singular - and it was distressing",
"*dāwiḏ*": "proper noun - David",
"*məʾōḏ*": "adverb - very/exceedingly",
"*kî*": "conjunction - for/because",
"*hāʿām*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the people",
"*ləsāqəlô*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - to stone him",
"*mārāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - was bitter",
"*nep̄eš*": "noun feminine singular construct - soul of",
"*hāʿām*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the people",
"*ʾîš*": "noun masculine singular - man/each one",
"*bānāyw*": "noun masculine plural construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his sons",
"*bənōṯāyw*": "noun feminine plural construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his daughters",
"*wayyiṯḥazzēq*": "consecutive imperfect hithpael, 3rd masculine singular - and he strengthened himself",
"*bayhwh*": "preposition + divine name - in Yahweh",
"*ʾĕlōhāyw*": "noun masculine plural construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his God"
},
"variants": {
"*wattēṣer*": "was distressing/was distressed/was narrow",
"*məʾōḏ*": "very/exceedingly/greatly",
"*ləsāqəlô*": "to stone him/to put him to death by stoning",
"*mārāh*": "was bitter/was grieved/was angry",
"*nep̄eš*": "soul/life/person/self",
"*wayyiṯḥazzēq*": "strengthened himself/took courage/found strength"
}
}
7 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.30.7",
"source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר דָּוִ֗ד אֶל־אֶבְיָתָ֤ר הַכֹּהֵן֙ בֶּן־אֲחִימֶ֔לֶךְ הַגִּֽישָׁה־נָּ֥א לִ֖י הָאֵפֹ֑ד וַיַּגֵּ֧שׁ אֶבְיָתָ֛ר אֶת־הָאֵפֹ֖ד אֶל־דָּוִֽד",
"text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *dāwiḏ* to *ʾeḇyāṯār* the *hakkōhēn* son of-*ʾăḥîmeleḵ*, \"*haggîšāh*-*nāʾ* to me the *hāʾēp̄ōḏ*\"; and *wayyaggēš* *ʾeḇyāṯār* *ʾeṯ*-the *hāʾēp̄ōḏ* to *dāwiḏ*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyōʾmer*": "consecutive imperfect qal, 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*dāwiḏ*": "proper noun - David",
"*ʾeḇyāṯār*": "proper noun - Abiathar",
"*hakkōhēn*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the priest",
"*ʾăḥîmeleḵ*": "proper noun - Ahimelech",
"*haggîšāh*": "hiphil imperative, masculine singular - bring near",
"*nāʾ*": "particle of entreaty - please/I pray",
"*hāʾēp̄ōḏ*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the ephod",
"*wayyaggēš*": "consecutive imperfect hiphil, 3rd masculine singular - and he brought near",
"*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyōʾmer*": "said/spoke/commanded",
"*hakkōhēn*": "the priest/the religious official",
"*haggîšāh*": "bring near/bring/present",
"*hāʾēp̄ōḏ*": "the ephod/priestly garment used for divination"
}
}
8 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.30.8",
"source": "וַיִּשְׁאַ֨ל דָּוִ֤ד בַּֽיהוָה֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר אֶרְדֹּ֛ף אַחֲרֵ֥י הַגְּדוּד־הַזֶּ֖ה הַֽאַשִּׂגֶ֑נּוּ וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לוֹ֙ רְדֹ֔ף כִּֽי־הַשֵּׂ֥ג תַּשִּׂ֖יג וְהַצֵּ֥ל תַּצִּֽיל",
"text": "And *wayyišʾal* *dāwiḏ* in *bayhwh* *lēʾmōr*, \"Shall I *ʾerdōp̄* after *haggəḏûḏ*-*hazzeh*? Shall I *haʾaśśîḡennû*?\" And *wayyōʾmer* to him, \"*rəḏōp̄* for *kî*-*haśśēḡ* you will *taśśîḡ* and *haṣṣēl* you will *taṣṣîl*\"",
"grammar": {
"*wayyišʾal*": "consecutive imperfect qal, 3rd masculine singular - and he inquired/asked",
"*dāwiḏ*": "proper noun - David",
"*bayhwh*": "preposition + divine name - in/of Yahweh",
"*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - saying",
"*ʾerdōp̄*": "qal imperfect, 1st common singular - shall I pursue",
"*haggəḏûḏ*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the troop/band/raiding party",
"*hazzeh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun masculine singular - this",
"*haʾaśśîḡennû*": "interrogative particle + hiphil imperfect, 1st common singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - shall I overtake it/him",
"*wayyōʾmer*": "consecutive imperfect qal, 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*rəḏōp̄*": "qal imperative, masculine singular - pursue",
"*kî*": "conjunction - for/because",
"*haśśēḡ*": "hiphil infinitive absolute - overtaking",
"*taśśîḡ*": "hiphil imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you will overtake",
"*haṣṣēl*": "hiphil infinitive absolute - rescuing",
"*taṣṣîl*": "hiphil imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you will rescue"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyišʾal*": "inquired/asked/sought guidance",
"*lēʾmōr*": "saying/to say",
"*ʾerdōp̄*": "shall I pursue/should I chase",
"*haggəḏûḏ*": "the troop/band/raiding party",
"*haʾaśśîḡennû*": "shall I overtake it/will I catch them",
"*haśśēḡ taśśîḡ*": "you will surely overtake/you will definitely catch up",
"*haṣṣēl taṣṣîl*": "you will surely rescue/you will definitely save"
}
}