John 3:20

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "John.3.20", "source": "Πᾶς γὰρ ὁ φαῦλα πράσσων μισεῖ τὸ φῶς, καὶ οὐκ ἔρχεται πρὸς τὸ φῶς, ἵνα μὴ ἐλεγχθῇ τὰ ἔργα αὐτοῦ.", "text": "For *pas ho phaula prassōn misei to phōs*, and not *erchetai pros to phōs*, so that not *elegchthē ta erga autou*.", "grammar": { "*gar*": "postpositive conjunction - for/because", "*pas*": "adjective, nominative, masculine, singular - everyone/all", "*phaula*": "accusative, neuter, plural - evil/worthless things", "*prassōn*": "present participle, nominative, masculine, singular - doing/practicing", "*misei*": "present, 3rd singular - hates", "*phōs*": "accusative, neuter, singular - light", "*erchetai*": "present, middle/passive, 3rd singular - comes", "*pros*": "preposition + accusative - to/toward", "*hina*": "conjunction - so that/in order that", "*elegchthē*": "aorist, passive, subjunctive, 3rd singular - might be exposed", "*erga*": "nominative, neuter, plural - works/deeds", "*autou*": "personal pronoun, genitive, masculine, singular - his" }, "variants": { "*phaula*": "worthless/evil/bad/base things", "*prassōn*": "practicing/doing/performing", "*misei*": "hates/detests", "*elegchthē*": "might be exposed/reproved/convicted" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

Πᾶς γὰρ ὁ φαῦλα πράσσων μισεῖ τὸ φῶς, καὶ οὐκ ἔρχεται πρὸς τὸ φῶς, ἵνα μὴ ἐλεγχθῇ τὰ ἔργα αὐτοῦ.

Transliteration

For pas ho phaula prassōn misei to phōs, and not erchetai pros to phōs, so that not elegchthē ta erga autou.

Grammar Details

• *gar*: postpositive conjunction - for/because
• *pas*: adjective, nominative, masculine, singular - everyone/all
• *phaula*: accusative, neuter, plural - evil/worthless things
• *prassōn*: present participle, nominative, masculine, singular - doing/practicing
• *misei*: present, 3rd singular - hates
• *phōs*: accusative, neuter, singular - light
• *erchetai*: present, middle/passive, 3rd singular - comes
• *pros*: preposition + accusative - to/toward
• *hina*: conjunction - so that/in order that
• *elegchthē*: aorist, passive, subjunctive, 3rd singular - might be exposed
• *erga*: nominative, neuter, plural - works/deeds
• *autou*: personal pronoun, genitive, masculine, singular - his

Word Meanings

• *phaula*: worthless/evil/bad/base things
• *prassōn*: practicing/doing/performing
• *misei*: hates/detests
• *elegchthē*: might be exposed/reproved/convicted

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  For everyone who does evil hates the light and does not come to the light for fear that their deeds will be exposed.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  For every one that doeth evil hateth the light, neither cometh to the light, lest his deeds should be reproved.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  Everyone who does evil hates the light and does not come to the light, lest his deeds should be exposed.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  For every one that doeth evil hateth the light, neither cometh to the light, lest his deeds should be reproved.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  For{G1063} every{G3956} one that doeth{G4238} evil{G5337} hateth{G3404} the light,{G2532} and cometh{G2064} not{G3756} to{G4314} the light,{G2443} lest{G3361} his{G846} works{G2041} should be reproved.{G1651}

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  For{G1063} every one{G3956} that doeth{G4238}{(G5723)} evil{G5337} hateth{G3404}{(G5719)} the light{G5457}, neither{G2532}{G3756} cometh{G2064}{(G5736)} to{G4314} the light{G5457}, lest{G3363} his{G846} deeds{G2041} should be reproved{G1651}{(G5686)}.

• Tyndale Bible (1526/1534)

  For every man that evyll doeth hateth the light: nether commeth to light lest his dedes shuld be reproved.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  Whosoeuer doth euell, hateth the light, and cometh not to the light, that his dedes shulde not be reproued.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  For euery man that euill doeth, hateth the light, neither commeth to light, least his deedes should be reprooued.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  For euery one that euyll doeth, hateth the lyght: neither commeth to the light, lest his deedes shoulde be reproued.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  ‹For every one that doeth evil hateth the light, neither cometh to the light, lest his deeds should be reproved.›

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  For everyone who does evil hates the light, and doesn't come to the light, lest his works would be exposed.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  for every one who is doing wicked things hateth the light, and doth not come unto the light, that his works may not be detected;

• American Standard Version (1901)

  For every one that doeth evil hateth the light, and cometh not to the light, lest his works should be reproved.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  For every one that doeth evil hateth the light, and cometh not to the light, lest his works should be reproved.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  The light is hated by everyone whose acts are evil and he does not come to the light for fear that his acts will be seen.

• World English Bible (2000)

  For everyone who does evil hates the light, and doesn't come to the light, lest his works would be exposed.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  For everyone who does evil deeds hates the light and does not come to the light, so that their deeds will not be exposed.

Referenced Verses

• John 7:7 : 7 { "verseID": "John.7.7", "source": "Οὐ δύναται ὁ κόσμος μισεῖν ὑμᾶς· ἐμὲ δὲ μισεῖ, ὅτι ἐγὼ μαρτυρῶ περὶ αὐτοῦ, ὅτι τὰ ἔργα αὐτοῦ πονηρά ἐστιν.", "text": "Not *dynatai* the *kosmos misein* you; *eme de misei*, because *egō martyrō peri* it, that the *erga* its *ponēra estin*.", "grammar": { "*dynatai*": "present middle/passive, 3rd singular - is able/can", "*kosmos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - world", "*misein*": "present infinitive - to hate", "*eme*": "accusative, 1st singular - me", "*de*": "postpositive conjunction - but/and/now", "*misei*": "present indicative, 3rd singular - hates", "*egō*": "nominative, 1st singular - I", "*martyrō*": "present indicative, 1st singular - testify/witness", "*peri*": "preposition + genitive - concerning/about", "*erga*": "nominative, neuter, plural - works/deeds", "*ponēra*": "nominative, neuter, plural - evil/wicked", "*estin*": "present indicative, 3rd singular - is/are" }, "variants": { "*dynatai*": "is able/can/has power", "*kosmos*": "world/universe/ordered system", "*misein*": "to hate/detest", "*misei*": "hates/detests", "*martyrō*": "testify/bear witness/give evidence", "*erga*": "works/deeds/actions", "*ponēra*": "evil/wicked/worthless/harmful" } }
• Eph 5:11-13 : 11 { "verseID": "Ephesians.5.11", "source": "Καὶ μὴ συγκοινωνεῖτε τοῖς ἔργοις τοῖς ἀκάρποις τοῦ σκότους, μᾶλλον δὲ καὶ ἐλέγχετε.", "text": "And *mē sygkoinōneite* the *ergois* the *akarpois* of the *skotous*, *mallon de* also *elenchete*", "grammar": { "*mē*": "negative particle - not", "*sygkoinōneite*": "present imperative, active, 2nd plural - participate with/take part in [continuous command]", "*ergois*": "dative, neuter, plural - works/deeds", "*akarpois*": "dative, neuter, plural - unfruitful/barren", "*skotous*": "genitive, neuter, singular - of darkness", "*mallon*": "adverb, comparative - rather/instead", "*de*": "conjunction - but/and", "*elenchete*": "present imperative, active, 2nd plural - expose/reprove [continuous command]" }, "variants": { "*sygkoinōneite*": "participate with/have fellowship with/partake in", "*ergois*": "works/deeds/activities", "*akarpois*": "unfruitful/barren/useless", "*skotous*": "darkness/obscurity", "*mallon*": "rather/instead/more", "*elenchete*": "expose/reprove/refute/convict" } } 12 { "verseID": "Ephesians.5.12", "source": "Τὰ γὰρ κρυφῇ γινόμενα ὑπʼ αὐτῶν αἰσχρόν ἐστιν καὶ λέγειν.", "text": "The things *gar kryphē ginomena* by *autōn aischron estin* even to *legein*", "grammar": { "*gar*": "conjunction - for/because", "*kryphē*": "adverb - secretly/in secret", "*ginomena*": "present participle, middle/passive, accusative, neuter, plural - being done/happening", "*autōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - by them", "*aischron*": "nominative, neuter, singular - shameful/disgraceful", "*estin*": "present, indicative, 3rd singular - is", "*legein*": "present infinitive, active - to speak/tell" }, "variants": { "*kryphē*": "secretly/in secret/privately", "*ginomena*": "being done/happening/taking place", "*aischron*": "shameful/disgraceful/indecent", "*legein*": "to speak/tell/mention" } } 13 { "verseID": "Ephesians.5.13", "source": "Τὰ δὲ πάντα ἐλεγχόμενα ὑπὸ τοῦ φωτὸς φανεροῦται: πᾶν γάρ τό φανερούμενον φῶς ἐστίν.", "text": "But the *panta elegchomena* by the *phōtos phaneroutai*: *pan gar* the *phaneroumenon phōs estin*", "grammar": { "*de*": "conjunction - but/and", "*panta*": "accusative, neuter, plural - all things", "*elegchomena*": "present participle, passive, nominative, neuter, plural - being exposed/reproved", "*phōtos*": "genitive, neuter, singular - of light", "*phaneroutai*": "present, passive, indicative, 3rd singular - is made manifest/revealed", "*pan*": "nominative, neuter, singular - everything/all", "*gar*": "conjunction - for/because", "*phaneroumenon*": "present participle, passive, nominative, neuter, singular - being manifested/revealed", "*phōs*": "nominative, neuter, singular - light", "*estin*": "present, indicative, 3rd singular - is" }, "variants": { "*panta*": "all things/everything", "*elegchomena*": "being exposed/reproved/convicted", "*phōtos*": "light/illumination", "*phaneroutai*": "is made manifest/revealed/brought to light", "*phaneroumenon*": "being manifested/revealed/brought to light", "*phōs*": "light/illumination" } }
• 1 Kgs 22:8 : 8 { "verseID": "1 Kings.22.8", "source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר מֶֽלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל ׀ אֶֽל־יְהוֹשָׁפָ֡ט ע֣וֹד אִישׁ־אֶחָ֡ד לִדְרֹשׁ֩ אֶת־יְהוָ֨ה מֵאֹת֜וֹ וַאֲנִ֣י שְׂנֵאתִ֗יו כִּ֠י לֹֽא־יִתְנַבֵּ֨א עָלַ֥י טוֹב֙ כִּ֣י אִם־רָ֔ע מִיכָ֖יְהוּ בֶּן־יִמְלָ֑ה וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ יְה֣וֹשָׁפָ֔ט אַל־יֹאמַ֥ר הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ כֵּֽן׃", "text": "*wa-yōʾmer* *meleḵ*-*yiśrāʾēl* *ʾel*-*yəhôšāp̄āṭ* *ʿôḏ* *ʾîš*-*ʾeḥāḏ* *li-ḏrōš* *ʾeṯ*-*YHWH* *mē-ʾōṯô* *wa-ʾănî* *śənēʾṯîw* *kî* *lōʾ*-*yiṯnabbēʾ* *ʿālay* *ṭôḇ* *kî* *ʾim*-*rāʿ* *mîḵāyəhû* *ben*-*yimlâ* *wa-yōʾmer* *yəhôšāp̄āṭ* *ʾal*-*yōʾmar* *ha-meleḵ* *kēn*", "grammar": { "*wa-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he said", "*meleḵ*": "masculine singular construct noun - king of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to/unto", "*yəhôšāp̄āṭ*": "proper noun - Jehoshaphat", "*ʿôḏ*": "adverb - still/yet", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - man", "*ʾeḥāḏ*": "cardinal number - one", "*li-ḏrōš*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to inquire of", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD/Yahweh", "*mē-ʾōṯô*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - from him", "*wa-ʾănî*": "conjunction + 1st person singular personal pronoun - and I", "*śənēʾṯîw*": "qal perfect 1st person singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - I hate him", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yiṯnabbēʾ*": "hitpael imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - he prophesies", "*ʿālay*": "preposition + 1st person singular suffix - concerning me", "*ṭôḇ*": "masculine singular adjective - good", "*kî*": "conjunction - but", "*ʾim*": "conjunction - if/but", "*rāʿ*": "masculine singular adjective - evil/bad", "*mîḵāyəhû*": "proper noun - Micaiah", "*ben*": "masculine singular construct noun - son of", "*yimlâ*": "proper noun - Imlah", "*wa-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he said", "*yəhôšāp̄āṭ*": "proper noun - Jehoshaphat", "*ʾal*": "negative particle - do not", "*yōʾmar*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular jussive - let him say", "*ha-meleḵ*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the king", "*kēn*": "adverb - so/thus" }, "variants": { "*śənēʾṯîw*": "I hate him/I have hated him" } }
• Job 24:13-17 : 13 { "verseID": "Job.24.13", "source": "הֵ֤מָּה ׀ הָיוּ֮ בְּֽמֹרְדֵ֫י־א֥וֹר לֹֽא־הִכִּ֥ירוּ דְרָכָ֑יו וְלֹ֥א יָ֝שְׁב֗וּ בִּנְתִיבֹתָֽיו", "text": "They *hāyû bəmōrdê-ʾôr lōʾ-hikkîrû dərāḵāyw wəlōʾ yāšbû bintîbōtāyw*", "grammar": { "*hāyû*": "qal perfect 3rd person common plural - 'they are/were'", "*bəmōrdê-ʾôr*": "preposition *bə* + qal participle masculine plural construct + noun masculine singular - 'among rebels of light'", "*lōʾ-hikkîrû*": "negative particle + hiphil perfect 3rd person common plural - 'they do not recognize'", "*dərāḵāyw*": "noun feminine plural construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - 'his ways'", "*wəlōʾ*": "conjunction *wə* + negative particle - 'and not'", "*yāšbû*": "qal perfect 3rd person common plural - 'they dwell/sit/remain'", "*bintîbōtāyw*": "preposition *bə* + noun feminine plural construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - 'in his paths'" }, "variants": { "*hāyû*": "are/were/became", "*mōrdê-ʾôr*": "rebels of light/those who revolt against light", "*hikkîrû*": "recognize/acknowledge/know", "*dərāḵāyw*": "his ways/roads/paths", "*yāšbû*": "dwell/sit/remain", "*bintîbōtāyw*": "in his paths/trails/courses" } } 14 { "verseID": "Job.24.14", "source": "לָא֡וֹר יָ֘ק֤וּם רוֹצֵ֗חַ יִֽקְטָל־עָנִ֥י וְאֶבְי֑וֹן וּ֝בַלַּ֗יְלָה יְהִ֣י כַגַּנָּֽב", "text": "At *ʾôr yāqûm rôṣēaḥ yiqṭāl-ʿānî wəʾebyôn ûballaylâ yəhî ḵaggannāb*", "grammar": { "*ʾôr*": "noun masculine singular with preposition *lə* - 'at light/daybreak'", "*yāqûm*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - 'he rises'", "*rôṣēaḥ*": "qal participle masculine singular - 'murderer/killer'", "*yiqṭāl-ʿānî*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular + noun masculine singular - 'he kills poor'", "*wəʾebyôn*": "conjunction *wə* + noun masculine singular - 'and needy'", "*ûballaylâ*": "conjunction *û* + preposition *bə* + definite article + noun masculine singular - 'and in the night'", "*yəhî*": "qal imperfect jussive 3rd person masculine singular - 'he is/becomes'", "*ḵaggannāb*": "preposition *kə* + definite article + noun masculine singular - 'like the thief'" }, "variants": { "*ʾôr*": "light/daybreak/dawn", "*yāqûm*": "rises/gets up/stands", "*rôṣēaḥ*": "murderer/killer", "*yiqṭāl*": "kills/murders/slays", "*ʿānî*": "poor/afflicted/humble", "*ʾebyôn*": "needy/poor/beggar", "*ballaylâ*": "in the night/during darkness", "*yəhî*": "is/becomes/acts", "*ḵaggannāb*": "like the thief/as a robber" } } 15 { "verseID": "Job.24.15", "source": "וְעֵ֤ין נֹאֵ֨ף ׀ שָׁ֤מְרָֽה נֶ֣שֶׁף לֵ֭אמֹר לֹא־תְשׁוּרֵ֣נִי עָ֑יִן וְסֵ֖תֶר פָּנִ֣ים יָשִֽׂים", "text": "And *ʿên nōʾēp šāmərâ nešep lēʾmōr lōʾ-təšûrēnî ʿāyin wəsēter pānîm yāśîm*", "grammar": { "*ʿên*": "noun feminine singular construct - 'eye of'", "*nōʾēp*": "qal participle masculine singular - 'adulterer'", "*šāmərâ*": "qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular - 'watches/waits for'", "*nešep*": "noun masculine singular - 'twilight/dusk'", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition *lə* + qal infinitive construct - 'saying'", "*lōʾ-təšûrēnî*": "negative particle + qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular + 1st person singular suffix - 'will not see me'", "*ʿāyin*": "noun feminine singular - 'eye'", "*wəsēter*": "conjunction *wə* + noun masculine singular construct - 'and covering of'", "*pānîm*": "noun masculine plural - 'face'", "*yāśîm*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - 'he places/sets'" }, "variants": { "*ʿên*": "eye/sight", "*nōʾēp*": "adulterer/one who commits adultery", "*šāmərâ*": "watches/waits for/observes", "*nešep*": "twilight/dusk/darkness", "*lēʾmōr*": "saying/thinking", "*təšûrēnî*": "will see me/will look at me/will observe me", "*ʿāyin*": "eye/sight", "*sēter*": "covering/hiding place/disguise", "*pānîm*": "face/presence/person", "*yāśîm*": "places/sets/puts" } } 16 { "verseID": "Job.24.16", "source": "חָתַ֥ר בַּחֹ֗שֶׁךְ בָּ֫תִּ֥ים יוֹמָ֥ם חִתְּמוּ־לָ֗מוֹ לֹא־יָ֥דְעוּ אֽוֹר", "text": "He *ḥātar baḥōšeḵ bāttîm yômām ḥittəmû-lāmô lōʾ-yādəʿû ʾôr*", "grammar": { "*ḥātar*": "qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - 'he digs through'", "*baḥōšeḵ*": "preposition *bə* + definite article + noun masculine singular - 'in the darkness'", "*bāttîm*": "noun masculine plural - 'houses'", "*yômām*": "adverb - 'by day'", "*ḥittəmû-lāmô*": "piel perfect 3rd person common plural + preposition *lə* + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - 'they seal for themselves'", "*lōʾ-yādəʿû*": "negative particle + qal perfect 3rd person common plural - 'they do not know'", "*ʾôr*": "noun masculine singular - 'light'" }, "variants": { "*ḥātar*": "digs through/breaks into", "*baḥōšeḵ*": "in the darkness/during night", "*bāttîm*": "houses/homes/dwellings", "*yômām*": "by day/during daylight", "*ḥittəmû-lāmô*": "they seal for themselves/they shut themselves up", "*yādəʿû*": "know/recognize/acknowledge", "*ʾôr*": "light/daylight" } } 17 { "verseID": "Job.24.17", "source": "כִּ֤י יַחְדָּ֨ו ׀ בֹּ֣קֶר לָ֣מוֹ צַלְמָ֑וֶת כִּֽי־יַ֝כִּ֗יר בַּלְה֥וֹת צַלְמָֽוֶת", "text": "For *yaḥdāw bōqer lāmô ṣalmāwet kî-yakkîr balhôt ṣalmāwet*", "grammar": { "*yaḥdāw*": "adverb - 'together/alike'", "*bōqer*": "noun masculine singular - 'morning'", "*lāmô*": "preposition *lə* + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - 'to them'", "*ṣalmāwet*": "noun masculine singular - 'deep darkness/shadow of death'", "*kî-yakkîr*": "conjunction *kî* + hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - 'for he recognizes/knows'", "*balhôt*": "noun feminine plural construct - 'terrors of'", "*ṣalmāwet*": "noun masculine singular - 'deep darkness/shadow of death'" }, "variants": { "*yaḥdāw*": "together/alike/all of them", "*bōqer*": "morning/daybreak/dawn", "*ṣalmāwet*": "deep darkness/shadow of death/thick darkness", "*yakkîr*": "recognizes/knows/is familiar with", "*balhôt*": "terrors/sudden terrors/alarms" } }
• Ps 50:17 : 17 { "verseID": "Psalms.50.17", "source": "וְ֭אַתָּה שָׂנֵ֣אתָ מוּסָ֑ר וַתַּשְׁלֵ֖ךְ דְּבָרַ֣י אַחֲרֶֽיךָ׃", "text": "And-*attah* *saneta* *musar* and-*tashlech* *devarai* behind-you", "grammar": { "*attah*": "pronoun, 2nd person masculine singular - you", "*saneta*": "verb, Qal perfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you hated", "*musar*": "noun, masculine, singular - discipline/instruction", "*tashlech*": "verb, Hiphil imperfect with waw consecutive, 2nd person masculine singular - and you cast", "*devarai*": "noun, masculine, plural with 1st person singular suffix - my words" }, "variants": { "*musar*": "instruction/discipline/correction", "*tashlech*": "cast/throw/fling" } }
• Prov 1:29 : 29 { "verseID": "Proverbs.1.29", "source": "תַּ֭חַת כִּי־שָׂ֣נְאוּ דָ֑עַת וְיִרְאַ֥ת יְ֝הֹוָ֗ה לֹ֣א בָחָֽרוּ׃", "text": "*taḥat* *ki*-*san'u* *da'at* *wəyir'at* *YHWH* *lo* *vaḥaru*", "grammar": { "*taḥat*": "preposition - because", "*ki*": "conjunction - that", "*san'u*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they hated", "*da'at*": "feminine singular noun - knowledge", "*wəyir'at*": "conjunction + construct state, feminine singular - and fear of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD", "*lo*": "negative particle - not", "*vaḥaru*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they chose" }, "variants": { "*taḥat*": "because/instead of/in place of", "*san'u*": "they hated/they despised/they rejected", "*da'at*": "knowledge/discernment/perception", "*yir'at*": "fear of/reverence for/awe of", "*vaḥaru*": "they chose/they selected/they preferred" } }
• Prov 4:18 : 18 { "verseID": "Proverbs.4.18", "source": "וְאֹ֣רַח צַ֭דִּיקִים כְּא֣וֹר נֹ֑גַהּ הוֹלֵ֥ךְ וָ֝א֗וֹר עַד־נְכ֥וֹן הַיּֽוֹם׃", "text": "*wəʾōraḥ* *ṣaddîqîm* *kəʾôr* *nōgah* *hôlēk* *wāʾôr* *ʿad-nəkôn* *hayyôm*", "grammar": { "*wəʾōraḥ*": "conjunction + masculine singular construct noun - but path of", "*ṣaddîqîm*": "masculine plural noun - righteous ones", "*kəʾôr*": "preposition + masculine singular construct noun - like light of", "*nōgah*": "masculine singular noun - brightness/dawn", "*hôlēk*": "participle, masculine singular, qal - going/walking", "*wāʾôr*": "conjunction + masculine singular, absolute noun - and shining", "*ʿad-nəkôn*": "preposition + niphal infinitive construct - until establishment of", "*hayyôm*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the day" }, "variants": { "*ʾōraḥ*": "path/way/trail", "*ṣaddîqîm*": "righteous ones/just ones/those in right relationship", "*nōgah*": "brightness/dawn/radiance/light", "*hôlēk*": "going/walking/proceeding", "*wāʾôr*": "and shining/and becoming bright", "*nəkôn*": "establishment/being established/firmness" } }
• Prov 5:12 : 12 { "verseID": "Proverbs.5.12", "source": "וְֽאָמַרְתָּ֗ אֵ֭יךְ שָׂנֵ֣אתִי מוּסָ֑ר וְ֝תוֹכַ֗חַת נָאַ֥ץ לִבִּֽי", "text": "And-*ʾāmartā* how *śānēʾtî* *mûsār* and-*tôkaḥat* *nāʾaṣ* my-*lēb*", "grammar": { "*ʾāmartā*": "verb, qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular - you will say", "*ʾêk*": "interrogative adverb - how", "*śānēʾtî*": "verb, qal perfect 1st person singular - I hated", "*mûsār*": "noun, masculine singular - discipline/instruction/correction", "*tôkaḥat*": "noun, feminine singular - reproof/rebuke/correction", "*nāʾaṣ*": "verb, qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - it despised/rejected", "*lēb*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my heart" }, "variants": { "*ʾāmartā*": "say/speak/think/command", "*śānēʾtî*": "hate/detest/reject", "*mûsār*": "discipline/instruction/correction/chastening", "*tôkaḥat*": "reproof/rebuke/correction/argument", "*nāʾaṣ*": "despise/reject/spurn", "*lēb*": "heart/mind/inner self/will/understanding" } }
• Prov 15:12 : 12 { "verseID": "Proverbs.15.12", "source": "לֹ֣א יֶאֱהַב־לֵ֭ץ הוֹכֵ֣חַֽ ל֑וֹ אֶל־חֲ֝כָמִ֗ים לֹ֣א יֵלֵֽךְ׃", "text": "*Lōʾ yeʾĕhaḇ-lēṣ hôḵēaḥ lô ʾel-ḥăḵāmîm lōʾ yēlēk*", "grammar": { "*Lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yeʾĕhaḇ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he loves", "*lēṣ*": "noun, masculine singular - scoffer/mocker", "*hôḵēaḥ*": "hiphil infinitive construct - to reprove/correct", "*lô*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - to him", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to/toward", "*ḥăḵāmîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - wise ones", "*lōʾ yēlēk*": "negative particle + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will not go" }, "variants": { "*Lōʾ yeʾĕhaḇ-lēṣ*": "a scoffer does not love/mocker does not like", "*hôḵēaḥ lô*": "one who reproves him/being corrected", "*ʾel-ḥăḵāmîm lōʾ yēlēk*": "to wise ones he will not go/he avoids those who are wise" } }
• Amos 5:10-11 : 10 { "verseID": "Amos.5.10", "source": "שָׂנְא֥וּ בַשַּׁ֖עַר מוֹכִ֑יחַ וְדֹבֵ֥ר תָּמִ֖ים יְתָעֵֽבוּ׃", "text": "*Śānəʾû* *ba-shaʿar* *môkhîaḥ* and-*dōbēr* *tāmîm* *yətāʿēbû*", "grammar": { "*Śānəʾû*": "perfect, qal, 3rd common plural - they hate", "*ba-shaʿar*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - in the gate", "*môkhîaḥ*": "participle, hiphil, masculine singular - one rebuking/reproving", "*dōbēr*": "participle, qal, masculine singular - one speaking", "*tāmîm*": "adjective, masculine singular - complete/whole/perfect/blameless", "*yətāʿēbû*": "imperfect, piel, 3rd masculine plural - they abhor/detest" }, "variants": { "*Śānəʾû*": "hate/detest", "*shaʿar*": "gate/city entrance (place of judgment)", "*môkhîaḥ*": "one who rebukes/reprover/arguer/judge", "*dōbēr*": "speaker/one who speaks", "*tāmîm*": "complete/perfect/blameless/honest", "*yətāʿēbû*": "abhor/detest/treat as abomination" } } 11 { "verseID": "Amos.5.11", "source": "לָ֠כֵן יַ֣עַן בּוֹשַׁסְכֶ֞ם עַל־דָּ֗ל וּמַשְׂאַת־בַּר֙ תִּקְח֣וּ מִמֶּ֔נּוּ בָּתֵּ֥י גָזִ֛ית בְּנִיתֶ֖ם וְלֹא־תֵ֣שְׁבוּ בָ֑ם כַּרְמֵי־חֶ֣מֶד נְטַעְתֶּ֔ם וְלֹ֥א תִשְׁתּ֖וּ אֶת־יֵינָֽם׃", "text": "Therefore because *bôshasəkhem* upon-*dāl* and-*maśʾat-bar* *tiqḥû* from-him, *bāttê* *gāzît* *bənîtem* and-not-*tēshəbû* in-them; *karmê*-*ḥemed* *nəṭaʿtem* and-not-*tishtû* *ʾet*-wine-of-them", "grammar": { "*bôshasəkhem*": "infinitive construct, poel + 2nd masculine plural suffix - your trampling", "*dāl*": "adjective used as noun, masculine singular - poor/weak", "*maśʾat-bar*": "construct chain, feminine + masculine - tribute of grain", "*tiqḥû*": "imperfect, qal, 2nd masculine plural - you take", "*bāttê*": "construct plural of *bayit* - houses of", "*gāzît*": "noun, feminine singular - hewn stone", "*bənîtem*": "perfect, qal, 2nd masculine plural - you have built", "*tēshəbû*": "imperfect, qal, 2nd masculine plural - you will dwell", "*karmê*": "construct plural of *kerem* - vineyards of", "*ḥemed*": "noun, masculine singular - delight/desire", "*nəṭaʿtem*": "perfect, qal, 2nd masculine plural - you have planted", "*tishtû*": "imperfect, qal, 2nd masculine plural - you will drink" }, "variants": { "*bôshasəkhem*": "your trampling/your treading down", "*dāl*": "poor/weak/thin/needy person", "*maśʾat-bar*": "grain tax/tribute of wheat", "*gāzît*": "hewn stone/cut stone", "*ḥemed*": "delight/desire/pleasant" } }
• Luke 11:45 : 45 { "verseID": "Luke.11.45", "source": "¶Ἀποκριθεὶς δέ τις τῶν νομικῶν, λέγει αὐτῷ, Διδάσκαλε, ταῦτα λέγων καὶ ἡμᾶς ὑβρίζεις.", "text": "*Apokritheis* *de* *tis* of the *nomikōn*, *legei* to him, *Didaskale*, these things *legōn* also us *hybrizeis*.", "grammar": { "*Apokritheis*": "aorist, participle, passive, nominative, masculine, singular - having answered", "*de*": "conjunction - but/and/now", "*tis*": "indefinite pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular - someone/a certain one", "*nomikōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - of the lawyers/experts in the law", "*legei*": "present, indicative, active, 3rd person singular - says/speaks", "*Didaskale*": "vocative, masculine, singular - Teacher/Master", "*legōn*": "present, participle, active, nominative, masculine, singular - saying/speaking", "*hybrizeis*": "present, indicative, active, 2nd person singular - you insult/reproach" }, "variants": { "*Apokritheis*": "having answered/responding/replying", "*nomikōn*": "lawyers/experts in the law/legal scholars", "*Didaskale*": "Teacher/Master/Instructor", "*hybrizeis*": "insult/reproach/mistreat/offend" } }
• Jas 1:23-25 : 23 { "verseID": "James.1.23", "source": "Ὅτι εἴ τις ἀκροατὴς λόγου ἐστὶν, καὶ οὐ ποιητής, οὗτος ἔοικεν ἀνδρὶ κατανοοῦντι τὸ πρόσωπον τῆς γενέσεως αὐτοῦ ἐν ἐσόπτρῳ:", "text": "Because if anyone *akroatēs* of *logou* *estin*, and not *poiētēs*, this one *eoiken* to *andri* *katanoounti* the *prosōpon* of the *geneseōs* of him in *esoptrō*:", "grammar": { "*akroatēs*": "nominative, masculine, singular - subject", "*logou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - objective genitive (of word)", "*estin*": "present, active, indicative, 3rd person singular - is", "*poiētēs*": "nominative, masculine, singular - predicate nominative", "*eoiken*": "perfect, active, indicative, 3rd person singular - resembles", "*andri*": "dative, masculine, singular - indirect object", "*katanoounti*": "present, active, participle, dative, masculine, singular - observing", "*prosōpon*": "accusative, neuter, singular - direct object", "*geneseōs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - possessive (of natural)", "*esoptrō*": "dative, neuter, singular - location (in mirror)" }, "variants": { "*akroatēs*": "hearer/listener", "*estin*": "is/exists", "*poiētēs*": "doer/performer/practitioner", "*eoiken*": "resembles/is like/compares to", "*andri*": "man/husband/male", "*katanoounti*": "observing/looking at/considering/examining", "*prosōpon*": "face/countenance/appearance", "*geneseōs*": "natural/birth/origin", "*esoptrō*": "mirror/looking glass" } } 24 { "verseID": "James.1.24", "source": "Κατενόησεν γὰρ ἑαυτὸν, καὶ ἀπελήλυθεν, καὶ εὐθέως ἐπελάθετο ὁποῖος ἦν.", "text": "*Katenoēsen* for himself, and has *apelēlythen*, and immediately *epelatheto* what sort he *ēn*.", "grammar": { "*Katenoēsen*": "aorist, active, indicative, 3rd person singular - observed", "*apelēlythen*": "perfect, active, indicative, 3rd person singular - has gone away", "*epelatheto*": "aorist, middle, indicative, 3rd person singular - forgot", "*ēn*": "imperfect, active, indicative, 3rd person singular - was" }, "variants": { "*Katenoēsen*": "observed/looked at/examined", "*apelēlythen*": "has gone away/has departed/has left", "*epelatheto*": "forgot/did not remember", "*ēn*": "was/existed" } } 25 { "verseID": "James.1.25", "source": "Ὁ δὲ παρακύψας εἰς νόμον τέλειον τὸν τῆς ἐλευθερίας, καὶ παραμείνας, οὗτος οὐκ ἀκροατὴς ἐπιλησμονῆς γενόμενος, ἀλλὰ ποιητὴς ἔργου, οὗτος μακάριος ἐν τῇ ποιήσει αὐτοῦ ἔσται.", "text": "But the one having *parakypsas* into *nomon teleion* the one of the *eleutherias*, and having *parameinas*, this one not *akroatēs* of *epilēsmonēs* having *genomenos*, but *poiētēs* of *ergou*, this one *makarios* in the *poiēsei* of him will be *estai*.", "grammar": { "*parakypsas*": "aorist, active, participle, nominative, masculine, singular - having looked into", "*nomon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - direct object", "*teleion*": "accusative, masculine, singular - adjective modifying *nomon*", "*eleutherias*": "genitive, feminine, singular - possessive (of freedom)", "*parameinas*": "aorist, active, participle, nominative, masculine, singular - having continued", "*akroatēs*": "nominative, masculine, singular - predicate nominative", "*epilēsmonēs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - possessive (of forgetfulness)", "*genomenos*": "aorist, middle, participle, nominative, masculine, singular - having become", "*poiētēs*": "nominative, masculine, singular - predicate nominative", "*ergou*": "genitive, neuter, singular - objective genitive (of work)", "*makarios*": "nominative, masculine, singular - predicate adjective", "*poiēsei*": "dative, feminine, singular - location/sphere (in doing)", "*estai*": "future, middle, indicative, 3rd person singular - will be" }, "variants": { "*parakypsas*": "having looked into/having bent down to see/having peered into", "*nomon*": "law/principle/rule", "*teleion*": "perfect/complete/mature", "*eleutherias*": "freedom/liberty", "*parameinas*": "having continued/having persevered/having remained", "*akroatēs*": "hearer/listener", "*epilēsmonēs*": "forgetfulness/forgetting", "*genomenos*": "having become/having been", "*poiētēs*": "doer/performer/practitioner", "*ergou*": "work/deed/action", "*makarios*": "blessed/happy/fortunate", "*poiēsei*": "doing/action/performance", "*estai*": "will be/shall be" } }