23{
"verseID": "Romans.1.23",
"source": "Καὶ ἤλλαξαν τὴν δόξαν τοῦ ἀφθάρτου Θεοῦ ἐν ὁμοιώματι εἰκόνος φθαρτοῦ ἀνθρώπου, καὶ πετεινῶν, καὶ τετραπόδων, καὶ ἑρπετῶν.",
"text": "*Kai* *ēllaxan* the *doxan* the *aphthartou* *Theou* *en* *homoiōmati* *eikonos* *phthartou* *anthrōpou*, *kai* *peteinōn*, *kai* *tetrapodōn*, *kai* *herpetōn*.",
"grammar": {
"*Kai*": "conjunction - and",
"*ēllaxan*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person plural - they changed/exchanged",
"*doxan*": "accusative, feminine, singular - glory",
"*aphthartou*": "genitive, masculine, singular, adjective - incorruptible",
"*Theou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of God",
"*en*": "preposition + dative - for",
"*homoiōmati*": "dative, neuter, singular - likeness",
"*eikonos*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of image",
"*phthartou*": "genitive, masculine, singular, adjective - corruptible",
"*anthrōpou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of man",
"*kai*": "conjunction - and",
"*peteinōn*": "genitive, neuter, plural - of birds",
"*kai*": "conjunction - and",
"*tetrapodōn*": "genitive, neuter, plural - of four-footed animals",
"*kai*": "conjunction - and",
"*herpetōn*": "genitive, neuter, plural - of reptiles"
},
"variants": {
"*ēllaxan*": "they changed/exchanged/altered",
"*doxan*": "glory/honor/splendor",
"*aphthartou*": "incorruptible/imperishable/immortal",
"*homoiōmati*": "likeness/similarity/resemblance",
"*eikonos*": "image/likeness/representation",
"*phthartou*": "corruptible/perishable/mortal",
"*peteinōn*": "birds/flying creatures",
"*tetrapodōn*": "four-footed animals/quadrupeds",
"*herpetōn*": "reptiles/creeping things"
}
}
24{
"verseID": "Romans.1.24",
"source": "Διὸ καὶ παρέδωκεν αὐτοὺς ὁ Θεὸς ἐν ταῖς ἐπιθυμίαις τῶν καρδιῶν αὐτῶν εἰς ἀκαθαρσίαν, τοῦ ἀτιμάζεσθαι τὰ σώματα αὐτῶν ἐν ἑαυτοῖς:",
"text": "*Dio* *kai* *paredōken* *autous* the *Theos* *en* the *epithymiais* the *kardiōn* *autōn* *eis* *akatharsian*, the *atimazesthai* the *sōmata* *autōn* *en* *heautois*:",
"grammar": {
"*Dio*": "conjunction - therefore/for this reason",
"*kai*": "adverb - also",
"*paredōken*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - he gave over",
"*autous*": "accusative, masculine, plural, personal pronoun - them",
"*Theos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - God",
"*en*": "preposition + dative - to",
"*epithymiais*": "dative, feminine, plural - lusts/desires",
"*kardiōn*": "genitive, feminine, plural - of hearts",
"*autōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural, possessive pronoun - their",
"*eis*": "preposition + accusative - to/into",
"*akatharsian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - uncleanness",
"*atimazesthai*": "present passive infinitive - to be dishonored",
"*sōmata*": "accusative, neuter, plural - bodies",
"*autōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural, possessive pronoun - their",
"*en*": "preposition + dative - among",
"*heautois*": "dative, masculine, plural, reflexive pronoun - themselves"
},
"variants": {
"*Dio*": "therefore/for this reason/wherefore",
"*paredōken*": "he gave over/delivered/handed over",
"*epithymiais*": "lusts/desires/cravings",
"*kardiōn*": "hearts/minds/inner beings",
"*akatharsian*": "uncleanness/impurity",
"*atimazesthai*": "to be dishonored/degraded/disgraced",
"*sōmata*": "bodies/physical forms"
}
}
25{
"verseID": "Romans.1.25",
"source": "Οἵτινες μετήλλαξαν τὴν ἀλήθειαν τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐν τῷ ψεύδει, καὶ ἐσεβάσθησαν καὶ ἐλάτρευσαν τῇ κτίσει παρὰ τὸν Κτίσαντα, ὅς ἐστιν εὐλογητὸς εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας. Ἀμήν.",
"text": "*Hoitines* *metēllaxan* the *alētheian* the *Theou* *en* the *pseudei*, *kai* *esebasthēsan* *kai* *elatreusan* the *ktisei* *para* the *Ktisanta*, *hos* *estin* *eulogētos* *eis* the *aiōnas*. *Amēn*.",
"grammar": {
"*Hoitines*": "nominative, masculine, plural, relative pronoun - who",
"*metēllaxan*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person plural - they exchanged",
"*alētheian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - truth",
"*Theou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of God",
"*en*": "preposition + dative - for",
"*pseudei*": "dative, neuter, singular - lie",
"*kai*": "conjunction - and",
"*esebasthēsan*": "aorist passive indicative, 3rd person plural - they worshiped/revered",
"*kai*": "conjunction - and",
"*elatreusan*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person plural - they served",
"*ktisei*": "dative, feminine, singular - creation",
"*para*": "preposition + accusative - rather than/beyond",
"*Ktisanta*": "aorist active participle, accusative, masculine, singular - Creator/the one who created",
"*hos*": "nominative, masculine, singular, relative pronoun - who",
"*estin*": "present active indicative, 3rd person singular - is",
"*eulogētos*": "nominative, masculine, singular, adjective - blessed",
"*eis*": "preposition + accusative - for",
"*aiōnas*": "accusative, masculine, plural - ages",
"*Amēn*": "Hebrew transliteration - amen/truly"
},
"variants": {
"*metēllaxan*": "they exchanged/changed/altered",
"*alētheian*": "truth/reality",
"*pseudei*": "lie/falsehood",
"*esebasthēsan*": "they worshiped/revered/venerated",
"*elatreusan*": "they served/ministered to/rendered religious service",
"*ktisei*": "creation/created thing",
"*Ktisanta*": "Creator/the one who created",
"*eulogētos*": "blessed/praised/worthy of praise",
"*aiōnas*": "ages/eternities/forever"
}
}
26{
"verseID": "Romans.1.26",
"source": "Διὰ τοῦτο παρέδωκεν αὐτοὺς ὁ Θεὸς εἰς πάθη ἀτιμίας: αἵ τε γὰρ θήλειαι αὐτῶν μετήλλαξαν τὴν φυσικὴν χρῆσιν εἰς τὴν παρὰ φύσιν:",
"text": "*Dia* *touto* *paredōken* *autous* the *Theos* *eis* *pathē* *atimias*: the *te* *gar* *thēleiai* *autōn* *metēllaxan* the *physikēn* *chrēsin* *eis* the *para* *physin*:",
"grammar": {
"*Dia*": "preposition + accusative - because of",
"*touto*": "accusative, neuter, singular, demonstrative pronoun - this",
"*paredōken*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - he gave over",
"*autous*": "accusative, masculine, plural, personal pronoun - them",
"*Theos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - God",
"*eis*": "preposition + accusative - to",
"*pathē*": "accusative, neuter, plural - passions",
"*atimias*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of dishonor",
"*te*": "conjunction - both",
"*gar*": "conjunction - for",
"*thēleiai*": "nominative, feminine, plural - females",
"*autōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural, possessive pronoun - their",
"*metēllaxan*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person plural - they exchanged",
"*physikēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular, adjective - natural",
"*chrēsin*": "accusative, feminine, singular - use/function",
"*eis*": "preposition + accusative - for",
"*para*": "preposition + accusative - contrary to",
"*physin*": "accusative, feminine, singular - nature"
},
"variants": {
"*paredōken*": "he gave over/delivered/handed over",
"*pathē*": "passions/affections/emotions",
"*atimias*": "dishonor/disgrace/shame",
"*thēleiai*": "females/women",
"*metēllaxan*": "they exchanged/changed/altered",
"*physikēn*": "natural/pertaining to nature",
"*chrēsin*": "use/function/relation",
"*para*": "contrary to/against/beyond",
"*physin*": "nature/natural order"
}
}
27{
"verseID": "Romans.1.27",
"source": "Ὁμοίως τε καὶ οἱ ἄρσενες, ἀφέντες τὴν φυσικὴν χρῆσιν τῆς θηλείας, ἐξεκαύθησαν ἐν τῇ ὀρέξει αὐτῶν εἰς ἀλλήλους· ἄρσενες ἐν ἄρσεσιν τὴν ἀσχημοσύνην κατεργαζόμενοι, καὶ τὴν ἀντιμισθίαν ἣν ἔδει τῆς πλάνης αὐτῶν ἐν ἑαυτοῖς ἀπολαμβάνοντες.",
"text": "*Homoiōs* *te* *kai* the *arsenes*, *aphentes* the *physikēn* *chrēsin* the *thēleias*, *exekauthēsan* *en* the *orexei* *autōn* *eis* *allēlous*· *arsenes* *en* *arsesin* the *aschēmosynēn* *katergazomenoi*, *kai* the *antimisthian* *hēn* *edei* the *planēs* *autōn* *en* *heautois* *apolambanontes*.",
"grammar": {
"*Homoiōs*": "adverb - likewise",
"*te*": "conjunction - both",
"*kai*": "conjunction - and",
"*arsenes*": "nominative, masculine, plural - males",
"*aphentes*": "aorist active participle, nominative, masculine, plural - having left/abandoned",
"*physikēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular, adjective - natural",
"*chrēsin*": "accusative, feminine, singular - use/function",
"*thēleias*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of female",
"*exekauthēsan*": "aorist passive indicative, 3rd person plural - they were inflamed/burned",
"*en*": "preposition + dative - in",
"*orexei*": "dative, feminine, singular - desire/lust",
"*autōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural, possessive pronoun - their",
"*eis*": "preposition + accusative - toward",
"*allēlous*": "accusative, masculine, plural, reciprocal pronoun - one another",
"*arsenes*": "nominative, masculine, plural - males",
"*en*": "preposition + dative - with",
"*arsesin*": "dative, masculine, plural - males",
"*aschēmosynēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular - shameful deed/indecency",
"*katergazomenoi*": "present middle participle, nominative, masculine, plural - working/performing",
"*kai*": "conjunction - and",
"*antimisthian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - recompense/penalty",
"*hēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular, relative pronoun - which",
"*edei*": "imperfect active indicative, 3rd person singular - was necessary",
"*planēs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of error",
"*autōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural, possessive pronoun - their",
"*en*": "preposition + dative - in",
"*heautois*": "dative, masculine, plural, reflexive pronoun - themselves",
"*apolambanontes*": "present active participle, nominative, masculine, plural - receiving"
},
"variants": {
"*Homoiōs*": "likewise/similarly",
"*arsenes*": "males/men",
"*aphentes*": "having left/abandoned/given up",
"*physikēn*": "natural/proper/inherent",
"*chrēsin*": "use/function/relation",
"*thēleias*": "female/woman",
"*exekauthēsan*": "they were inflamed/burned/consumed with passion",
"*orexei*": "desire/lust/craving",
"*allēlous*": "one another/each other",
"*aschēmosynēn*": "shameful deed/indecency/unseemly behavior",
"*katergazomenoi*": "working/performing/committing",
"*antimisthian*": "recompense/penalty/due reward",
"*edei*": "was necessary/proper/fitting",
"*planēs*": "error/wandering/straying",
"*apolambanontes*": "receiving/getting/obtaining"
}
}
28{
"verseID": "Romans.1.28",
"source": "Καὶ καθὼς οὐκ ἐδοκίμασαν τὸν Θεὸν ἔχειν ἐν ἐπιγνώσει, παρέδωκεν αὐτοὺς ὁ Θεὸς εἰς ἀδόκιμον νοῦν, ποιεῖν τὰ μὴ καθήκοντα·",
"text": "*Kai* *kathōs* *ouk* *edokimasan* the *Theon* *echein* *en* *epignōsei*, *paredōken* *autous* the *Theos* *eis* *adokimon* *noun*, *poiein* the *mē* *kathēkonta*·",
"grammar": {
"*Kai*": "conjunction - and",
"*kathōs*": "adverb - just as",
"*ouk*": "negative particle - not",
"*edokimasan*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person plural - they approved",
"*Theon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - God",
"*echein*": "present active infinitive - to have/retain",
"*en*": "preposition + dative - in",
"*epignōsei*": "dative, feminine, singular - knowledge",
"*paredōken*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - he gave over",
"*autous*": "accusative, masculine, plural, personal pronoun - them",
"*Theos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - God",
"*eis*": "preposition + accusative - to",
"*adokimon*": "accusative, masculine, singular, adjective - debased/reprobate",
"*noun*": "accusative, masculine, singular - mind",
"*poiein*": "present active infinitive - to do",
"*mē*": "negative particle - not",
"*kathēkonta*": "present active participle, accusative, neuter, plural - fitting/proper things"
},
"variants": {
"*edokimasan*": "they approved/thought fit/tested",
"*echein*": "to have/retain/acknowledge",
"*epignōsei*": "knowledge/recognition/full knowledge",
"*paredōken*": "he gave over/delivered/handed over",
"*adokimon*": "debased/reprobate/unapproved",
"*noun*": "mind/understanding/intellect",
"*kathēkonta*": "fitting/proper/appropriate things"
}
}
29{
"verseID": "Romans.1.29",
"source": "Πεπληρωμένους πάσῃ ἀδικίᾳ, πορνείᾳ, πονηρίᾳ, πλεονεξίᾳ, κακίᾳ· μεστοὺς φθόνου, φόνου, ἔριδος, δόλου, κακοηθείας· ψιθυριστάς,",
"text": "*Peplērōmenous* *pasē* *adikia*, *porneia*, *ponēria*, *pleonexia*, *kakia*· *mestous* *phthonou*, *phonou*, *eridos*, *dolou*, *kakoētheias*· *psithyristas*,",
"grammar": {
"*Peplērōmenous*": "perfect passive participle, accusative, masculine, plural - having been filled",
"*pasē*": "dative, feminine, singular, adjective - all/every kind of",
"*adikia*": "dative, feminine, singular - unrighteousness",
"*porneia*": "dative, feminine, singular - sexual immorality",
"*ponēria*": "dative, feminine, singular - wickedness",
"*pleonexia*": "dative, feminine, singular - greed",
"*kakia*": "dative, feminine, singular - malice",
"*mestous*": "accusative, masculine, plural, adjective - full of",
"*phthonou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - envy",
"*phonou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - murder",
"*eridos*": "genitive, feminine, singular - strife",
"*dolou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - deceit",
"*kakoētheias*": "genitive, feminine, singular - maliciousness",
"*psithyristas*": "accusative, masculine, plural - whisperers/gossips"
},
"variants": {
"*Peplērōmenous*": "having been filled/completed/fulfilled",
"*adikia*": "unrighteousness/injustice/wrongdoing",
"*porneia*": "sexual immorality/fornication",
"*ponēria*": "wickedness/evil/malice",
"*pleonexia*": "greed/covetousness",
"*kakia*": "malice/evil/wickedness",
"*mestous*": "full of/filled with",
"*phthonou*": "envy/jealousy",
"*phonou*": "murder/killing",
"*eridos*": "strife/contention/quarreling",
"*dolou*": "deceit/trickery/guile",
"*kakoētheias*": "maliciousness/evil disposition",
"*psithyristas*": "whisperers/gossips/secret slanderers"
}
}
30{
"verseID": "Romans.1.30",
"source": "Καταλάλους, θεοστυγεῖς, ὑβριστάς, ὑπερηφάνους, ἀλαζόνας, ἐφευρετὰς κακῶν, γονεῦσιν ἀπειθεῖς,",
"text": "*Katalalous*, *theostygeis*, *hybristas*, *hyperēphanous*, *alazonas*, *epheuretas* *kakōn*, *goneusin* *apeitheis*,",
"grammar": {
"*Katalalous*": "accusative, masculine, plural - backbiters/slanderers",
"*theostygeis*": "accusative, masculine, plural - God-haters",
"*hybristas*": "accusative, masculine, plural - insolent/violent people",
"*hyperēphanous*": "accusative, masculine, plural - proud/arrogant",
"*alazonas*": "accusative, masculine, plural - boastful",
"*epheuretas*": "accusative, masculine, plural - inventors",
"*kakōn*": "genitive, neuter, plural - of evil things",
"*goneusin*": "dative, masculine, plural - to parents",
"*apeitheis*": "accusative, masculine, plural - disobedient"
},
"variants": {
"*Katalalous*": "backbiters/slanderers/defamers",
"*theostygeis*": "God-haters/hateful to God",
"*hybristas*": "insolent/violent/abusive",
"*hyperēphanous*": "proud/arrogant/haughty",
"*alazonas*": "boastful/pretentious/braggarts",
"*epheuretas*": "inventors/devisers",
"*kakōn*": "of evil things/of wickedness",
"*apeitheis*": "disobedient/rebellious"
}
}
31{
"verseID": "Romans.1.31",
"source": "Ἀσυνέτους, ἀσυνθέτους, ἀστόργους, ἀσπόνδους, ἀνελεήμονας:",
"text": "*Asynetous*, *asynthetous*, *astorgous*, *aspondous*, *aneleēmonas*:",
"grammar": {
"*Asynetous*": "accusative, masculine, plural - without understanding",
"*asynthetous*": "accusative, masculine, plural - covenant-breakers",
"*astorgous*": "accusative, masculine, plural - unloving",
"*aspondous*": "accusative, masculine, plural - implacable",
"*aneleēmonas*": "accusative, masculine, plural - unmerciful"
},
"variants": {
"*Asynetous*": "without understanding/senseless/foolish",
"*asynthetous*": "covenant-breakers/faithless/untrustworthy",
"*astorgous*": "unloving/without natural affection",
"*aspondous*": "implacable/irreconcilable/unforgiving",
"*aneleēmonas*": "unmerciful/merciless/without compassion"
}
}
32{
"verseID": "Romans.1.32",
"source": "Οἵτινες τὸ δικαίωμα τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐπιγνόντες, ὅτι οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα πράσσοντες ἄξιοι θανάτου εἰσίν, οὐ μόνον αὐτὰ ποιοῦσιν, ἀλλὰ καὶ συνευδοκοῦσιν τοῖς πράσσουσιν.",
"text": "*Hoitines* the *dikaiōma* the *Theou* *epignontes*, *hoti* the the *toiauta* *prassontes* *axioi* *thanatou* *eisin*, *ou* *monon* *auta* *poiousin*, *alla* *kai* *syneudokousin* the *prassousin*.",
"grammar": {
"*Hoitines*": "nominative, masculine, plural, relative pronoun - who",
"*dikaiōma*": "accusative, neuter, singular - righteous decree",
"*Theou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of God",
"*epignontes*": "aorist active participle, nominative, masculine, plural - knowing fully",
"*hoti*": "conjunction - that",
"*toiauta*": "accusative, neuter, plural, demonstrative pronoun - such things",
"*prassontes*": "present active participle, nominative, masculine, plural - doing/practicing",
"*axioi*": "nominative, masculine, plural, adjective - worthy",
"*thanatou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of death",
"*eisin*": "present active indicative, 3rd person plural - they are",
"*ou*": "negative particle - not",
"*monon*": "adverb - only",
"*auta*": "accusative, neuter, plural, personal pronoun - them",
"*poiousin*": "present active indicative, 3rd person plural - they do",
"*alla*": "conjunction - but",
"*kai*": "adverb - also",
"*syneudokousin*": "present active indicative, 3rd person plural - they approve of",
"*prassousin*": "present active participle, dative, masculine, plural - those who do/practice"
},
"variants": {
"*dikaiōma*": "righteous decree/ordinance/requirement",
"*epignontes*": "knowing fully/understanding completely",
"*prassontes*": "doing/practicing/performing",
"*axioi*": "worthy/deserving",
"*thanatou*": "of death/mortality",
"*poiousin*": "they do/perform/commit",
"*syneudokousin*": "they approve of/consent to/take pleasure in",
"*prassousin*": "those who do/practice/perform"
}
}