18{
"verseID": "Romans.1.18",
"source": "Ἀποκαλύπτεται γὰρ ὀργὴ Θεοῦ ἀπʼ οὐρανοῦ ἐπὶ πᾶσαν ἀσέβειαν καὶ ἀδικίαν ἀνθρώπων, τῶν τὴν ἀλήθειαν ἐν ἀδικίᾳ κατεχόντων·",
"text": "*Apokalyptetai* *gar* *orgē* *Theou* *ap'* *ouranou* *epi* *pasan* *asebeian* *kai* *adikian* *anthrōpōn*, the the *alētheian* *en* *adikia* *katechontōn*·",
"grammar": {
"*Apokalyptetai*": "present passive indicative, 3rd person singular - is revealed",
"*gar*": "conjunction - for",
"*orgē*": "nominative, feminine, singular - wrath",
"*Theou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of God",
"*ap'*": "preposition + genitive - from",
"*ouranou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - heaven",
"*epi*": "preposition + accusative - against",
"*pasan*": "accusative, feminine, singular, adjective - all",
"*asebeian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - ungodliness",
"*kai*": "conjunction - and",
"*adikian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - unrighteousness",
"*anthrōpōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - of men/people",
"*alētheian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - truth",
"*en*": "preposition + dative - in",
"*adikia*": "dative, feminine, singular - unrighteousness",
"*katechontōn*": "present active participle, genitive, masculine, plural - holding down/suppressing"
},
"variants": {
"*Apokalyptetai*": "is revealed/disclosed/uncovered",
"*orgē*": "wrath/anger/indignation",
"*ouranou*": "heaven/sky",
"*asebeian*": "ungodliness/impiety/irreverence",
"*adikian*": "unrighteousness/injustice/wrongdoing",
"*anthrōpōn*": "of men/people/humankind",
"*alētheian*": "truth/reality",
"*katechontōn*": "holding down/suppressing/restraining"
}
}
19{
"verseID": "Romans.1.19",
"source": "Διότι τὸ γνωστὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ φανερόν ἐστιν ἐν αὐτοῖς· ὁ γὰρ Θεὸς αὐτοῖς ἐφανέρωσεν.",
"text": "*Dioti* the *gnōston* the *Theou* *phaneron* *estin* *en* *autois*· the *gar* *Theos* *autois* *ephanerōsen*.",
"grammar": {
"*Dioti*": "conjunction - because",
"*gnōston*": "nominative, neuter, singular, adjective - known",
"*Theou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of God",
"*phaneron*": "nominative, neuter, singular, adjective - manifest/evident",
"*estin*": "present active indicative, 3rd person singular - is",
"*en*": "preposition + dative - in",
"*autois*": "dative, masculine, plural, personal pronoun - them",
"*gar*": "conjunction - for",
"*Theos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - God",
"*autois*": "dative, masculine, plural, personal pronoun - to them",
"*ephanerōsen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - revealed/manifested"
},
"variants": {
"*Dioti*": "because/for/since",
"*gnōston*": "known/knowable/what can be known",
"*phaneron*": "manifest/evident/plain",
"*ephanerōsen*": "revealed/manifested/made known"
}
}
20{
"verseID": "Romans.1.20",
"source": "Τὰ γὰρ ἀόρατα αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ κτίσεως κόσμου τοῖς ποιήμασιν νοούμενα, καθορᾶται, ἥ τε ἀΐδιος αὐτοῦ δύναμις καὶ θειότης· εἰς τὸ εἶναι αὐτοὺς ἀναπολογήτους:",
"text": "The *gar* *aorata* *autou* *apo* *ktiseōs* *kosmou* the *poiēmasin* *nooumena*, *kathoratai*, the *te* *aidios* *autou* *dynamis* *kai* *theiotēs*· *eis* the *einai* *autous* *anapologētous*:",
"grammar": {
"*gar*": "conjunction - for",
"*aorata*": "nominative, neuter, plural, adjective - invisible things",
"*autou*": "genitive, masculine, singular, possessive pronoun - his",
"*apo*": "preposition + genitive - from/since",
"*ktiseōs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - creation",
"*kosmou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of world",
"*poiēmasin*": "dative, neuter, plural - by things made",
"*nooumena*": "present passive participle, nominative, neuter, plural - being understood",
"*kathoratai*": "present passive indicative, 3rd person singular - are clearly seen",
"*te*": "conjunction - both",
"*aidios*": "nominative, feminine, singular, adjective - eternal",
"*autou*": "genitive, masculine, singular, possessive pronoun - his",
"*dynamis*": "nominative, feminine, singular - power",
"*kai*": "conjunction - and",
"*theiotēs*": "nominative, feminine, singular - divine nature",
"*eis*": "preposition + accusative - for/resulting in",
"*einai*": "present active infinitive - to be",
"*autous*": "accusative, masculine, plural, personal pronoun - them",
"*anapologētous*": "accusative, masculine, plural, adjective - without excuse"
},
"variants": {
"*aorata*": "invisible things/unseen attributes",
"*ktiseōs*": "creation/founding",
"*poiēmasin*": "things made/works/creations",
"*nooumena*": "being understood/perceived/comprehended",
"*kathoratai*": "are clearly seen/perceived/observed",
"*aidios*": "eternal/everlasting",
"*dynamis*": "power/might/strength",
"*theiotēs*": "divine nature/divinity/godhead",
"*anapologētous*": "without excuse/defenseless/inexcusable"
}
}
21{
"verseID": "Romans.1.21",
"source": "Διότι, γνόντες τὸν Θεόν, οὐχ ὡς Θεὸν ἐδόξασαν, ἢ εὐχαρίστησαν· ἀλλʼ ἐματαιώθησαν ἐν τοῖς διαλογισμοῖς αὐτῶν, καὶ ἐσκοτίσθη ἡ ἀσύνετος αὐτῶν καρδία.",
"text": "*Dioti*, *gnontes* the *Theon*, *ouch* *hōs* *Theon* *edoxasan*, *ē* *eucharistēsan*· *all'* *emataiōthēsan* *en* the *dialogismois* *autōn*, *kai* *eskotisthē* the *asynetos* *autōn* *kardia*.",
"grammar": {
"*Dioti*": "conjunction - because",
"*gnontes*": "aorist active participle, nominative, masculine, plural - having known",
"*Theon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - God",
"*ouch*": "negative particle - not",
"*hōs*": "adverb - as",
"*Theon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - God",
"*edoxasan*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person plural - they glorified",
"*ē*": "conjunction - or",
"*eucharistēsan*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person plural - they gave thanks",
"*all'*": "conjunction - but",
"*emataiōthēsan*": "aorist passive indicative, 3rd person plural - they became futile",
"*en*": "preposition + dative - in",
"*dialogismois*": "dative, masculine, plural - reasoning/thoughts",
"*autōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural, possessive pronoun - their",
"*kai*": "conjunction - and",
"*eskotisthē*": "aorist passive indicative, 3rd person singular - was darkened",
"*asynetos*": "nominative, feminine, singular, adjective - foolish/senseless",
"*autōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural, possessive pronoun - their",
"*kardia*": "nominative, feminine, singular - heart"
},
"variants": {
"*gnontes*": "having known/recognized/understood",
"*edoxasan*": "they glorified/honored/praised",
"*eucharistēsan*": "they gave thanks/were grateful",
"*emataiōthēsan*": "they became futile/vain/empty",
"*dialogismois*": "reasoning/thoughts/deliberations",
"*eskotisthē*": "was darkened/obscured/blinded",
"*asynetos*": "foolish/senseless/without understanding",
"*kardia*": "heart/mind/inner self"
}
}
22{
"verseID": "Romans.1.22",
"source": "Φάσκοντες εἶναι σοφοὶ, ἐμωράνθησαν,",
"text": "*Phaskontes* *einai* *sophoi*, *emōranthēsan*,",
"grammar": {
"*Phaskontes*": "present active participle, nominative, masculine, plural - professing/claiming",
"*einai*": "present active infinitive - to be",
"*sophoi*": "nominative, masculine, plural, adjective - wise",
"*emōranthēsan*": "aorist passive indicative, 3rd person plural - they became fools"
},
"variants": {
"*Phaskontes*": "professing/claiming/asserting",
"*sophoi*": "wise/skilled/learned",
"*emōranthēsan*": "they became fools/were made foolish/became moronic"
}
}
23{
"verseID": "Romans.1.23",
"source": "Καὶ ἤλλαξαν τὴν δόξαν τοῦ ἀφθάρτου Θεοῦ ἐν ὁμοιώματι εἰκόνος φθαρτοῦ ἀνθρώπου, καὶ πετεινῶν, καὶ τετραπόδων, καὶ ἑρπετῶν.",
"text": "*Kai* *ēllaxan* the *doxan* the *aphthartou* *Theou* *en* *homoiōmati* *eikonos* *phthartou* *anthrōpou*, *kai* *peteinōn*, *kai* *tetrapodōn*, *kai* *herpetōn*.",
"grammar": {
"*Kai*": "conjunction - and",
"*ēllaxan*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person plural - they changed/exchanged",
"*doxan*": "accusative, feminine, singular - glory",
"*aphthartou*": "genitive, masculine, singular, adjective - incorruptible",
"*Theou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of God",
"*en*": "preposition + dative - for",
"*homoiōmati*": "dative, neuter, singular - likeness",
"*eikonos*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of image",
"*phthartou*": "genitive, masculine, singular, adjective - corruptible",
"*anthrōpou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of man",
"*kai*": "conjunction - and",
"*peteinōn*": "genitive, neuter, plural - of birds",
"*kai*": "conjunction - and",
"*tetrapodōn*": "genitive, neuter, plural - of four-footed animals",
"*kai*": "conjunction - and",
"*herpetōn*": "genitive, neuter, plural - of reptiles"
},
"variants": {
"*ēllaxan*": "they changed/exchanged/altered",
"*doxan*": "glory/honor/splendor",
"*aphthartou*": "incorruptible/imperishable/immortal",
"*homoiōmati*": "likeness/similarity/resemblance",
"*eikonos*": "image/likeness/representation",
"*phthartou*": "corruptible/perishable/mortal",
"*peteinōn*": "birds/flying creatures",
"*tetrapodōn*": "four-footed animals/quadrupeds",
"*herpetōn*": "reptiles/creeping things"
}
}
24{
"verseID": "Romans.1.24",
"source": "Διὸ καὶ παρέδωκεν αὐτοὺς ὁ Θεὸς ἐν ταῖς ἐπιθυμίαις τῶν καρδιῶν αὐτῶν εἰς ἀκαθαρσίαν, τοῦ ἀτιμάζεσθαι τὰ σώματα αὐτῶν ἐν ἑαυτοῖς:",
"text": "*Dio* *kai* *paredōken* *autous* the *Theos* *en* the *epithymiais* the *kardiōn* *autōn* *eis* *akatharsian*, the *atimazesthai* the *sōmata* *autōn* *en* *heautois*:",
"grammar": {
"*Dio*": "conjunction - therefore/for this reason",
"*kai*": "adverb - also",
"*paredōken*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - he gave over",
"*autous*": "accusative, masculine, plural, personal pronoun - them",
"*Theos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - God",
"*en*": "preposition + dative - to",
"*epithymiais*": "dative, feminine, plural - lusts/desires",
"*kardiōn*": "genitive, feminine, plural - of hearts",
"*autōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural, possessive pronoun - their",
"*eis*": "preposition + accusative - to/into",
"*akatharsian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - uncleanness",
"*atimazesthai*": "present passive infinitive - to be dishonored",
"*sōmata*": "accusative, neuter, plural - bodies",
"*autōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural, possessive pronoun - their",
"*en*": "preposition + dative - among",
"*heautois*": "dative, masculine, plural, reflexive pronoun - themselves"
},
"variants": {
"*Dio*": "therefore/for this reason/wherefore",
"*paredōken*": "he gave over/delivered/handed over",
"*epithymiais*": "lusts/desires/cravings",
"*kardiōn*": "hearts/minds/inner beings",
"*akatharsian*": "uncleanness/impurity",
"*atimazesthai*": "to be dishonored/degraded/disgraced",
"*sōmata*": "bodies/physical forms"
}
}