28{
"verseID": "Romans.1.28",
"source": "Καὶ καθὼς οὐκ ἐδοκίμασαν τὸν Θεὸν ἔχειν ἐν ἐπιγνώσει, παρέδωκεν αὐτοὺς ὁ Θεὸς εἰς ἀδόκιμον νοῦν, ποιεῖν τὰ μὴ καθήκοντα·",
"text": "*Kai* *kathōs* *ouk* *edokimasan* the *Theon* *echein* *en* *epignōsei*, *paredōken* *autous* the *Theos* *eis* *adokimon* *noun*, *poiein* the *mē* *kathēkonta*·",
"grammar": {
"*Kai*": "conjunction - and",
"*kathōs*": "adverb - just as",
"*ouk*": "negative particle - not",
"*edokimasan*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person plural - they approved",
"*Theon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - God",
"*echein*": "present active infinitive - to have/retain",
"*en*": "preposition + dative - in",
"*epignōsei*": "dative, feminine, singular - knowledge",
"*paredōken*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - he gave over",
"*autous*": "accusative, masculine, plural, personal pronoun - them",
"*Theos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - God",
"*eis*": "preposition + accusative - to",
"*adokimon*": "accusative, masculine, singular, adjective - debased/reprobate",
"*noun*": "accusative, masculine, singular - mind",
"*poiein*": "present active infinitive - to do",
"*mē*": "negative particle - not",
"*kathēkonta*": "present active participle, accusative, neuter, plural - fitting/proper things"
},
"variants": {
"*edokimasan*": "they approved/thought fit/tested",
"*echein*": "to have/retain/acknowledge",
"*epignōsei*": "knowledge/recognition/full knowledge",
"*paredōken*": "he gave over/delivered/handed over",
"*adokimon*": "debased/reprobate/unapproved",
"*noun*": "mind/understanding/intellect",
"*kathēkonta*": "fitting/proper/appropriate things"
}
}
29{
"verseID": "Romans.1.29",
"source": "Πεπληρωμένους πάσῃ ἀδικίᾳ, πορνείᾳ, πονηρίᾳ, πλεονεξίᾳ, κακίᾳ· μεστοὺς φθόνου, φόνου, ἔριδος, δόλου, κακοηθείας· ψιθυριστάς,",
"text": "*Peplērōmenous* *pasē* *adikia*, *porneia*, *ponēria*, *pleonexia*, *kakia*· *mestous* *phthonou*, *phonou*, *eridos*, *dolou*, *kakoētheias*· *psithyristas*,",
"grammar": {
"*Peplērōmenous*": "perfect passive participle, accusative, masculine, plural - having been filled",
"*pasē*": "dative, feminine, singular, adjective - all/every kind of",
"*adikia*": "dative, feminine, singular - unrighteousness",
"*porneia*": "dative, feminine, singular - sexual immorality",
"*ponēria*": "dative, feminine, singular - wickedness",
"*pleonexia*": "dative, feminine, singular - greed",
"*kakia*": "dative, feminine, singular - malice",
"*mestous*": "accusative, masculine, plural, adjective - full of",
"*phthonou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - envy",
"*phonou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - murder",
"*eridos*": "genitive, feminine, singular - strife",
"*dolou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - deceit",
"*kakoētheias*": "genitive, feminine, singular - maliciousness",
"*psithyristas*": "accusative, masculine, plural - whisperers/gossips"
},
"variants": {
"*Peplērōmenous*": "having been filled/completed/fulfilled",
"*adikia*": "unrighteousness/injustice/wrongdoing",
"*porneia*": "sexual immorality/fornication",
"*ponēria*": "wickedness/evil/malice",
"*pleonexia*": "greed/covetousness",
"*kakia*": "malice/evil/wickedness",
"*mestous*": "full of/filled with",
"*phthonou*": "envy/jealousy",
"*phonou*": "murder/killing",
"*eridos*": "strife/contention/quarreling",
"*dolou*": "deceit/trickery/guile",
"*kakoētheias*": "maliciousness/evil disposition",
"*psithyristas*": "whisperers/gossips/secret slanderers"
}
}
30{
"verseID": "Romans.1.30",
"source": "Καταλάλους, θεοστυγεῖς, ὑβριστάς, ὑπερηφάνους, ἀλαζόνας, ἐφευρετὰς κακῶν, γονεῦσιν ἀπειθεῖς,",
"text": "*Katalalous*, *theostygeis*, *hybristas*, *hyperēphanous*, *alazonas*, *epheuretas* *kakōn*, *goneusin* *apeitheis*,",
"grammar": {
"*Katalalous*": "accusative, masculine, plural - backbiters/slanderers",
"*theostygeis*": "accusative, masculine, plural - God-haters",
"*hybristas*": "accusative, masculine, plural - insolent/violent people",
"*hyperēphanous*": "accusative, masculine, plural - proud/arrogant",
"*alazonas*": "accusative, masculine, plural - boastful",
"*epheuretas*": "accusative, masculine, plural - inventors",
"*kakōn*": "genitive, neuter, plural - of evil things",
"*goneusin*": "dative, masculine, plural - to parents",
"*apeitheis*": "accusative, masculine, plural - disobedient"
},
"variants": {
"*Katalalous*": "backbiters/slanderers/defamers",
"*theostygeis*": "God-haters/hateful to God",
"*hybristas*": "insolent/violent/abusive",
"*hyperēphanous*": "proud/arrogant/haughty",
"*alazonas*": "boastful/pretentious/braggarts",
"*epheuretas*": "inventors/devisers",
"*kakōn*": "of evil things/of wickedness",
"*apeitheis*": "disobedient/rebellious"
}
}
31{
"verseID": "Romans.1.31",
"source": "Ἀσυνέτους, ἀσυνθέτους, ἀστόργους, ἀσπόνδους, ἀνελεήμονας:",
"text": "*Asynetous*, *asynthetous*, *astorgous*, *aspondous*, *aneleēmonas*:",
"grammar": {
"*Asynetous*": "accusative, masculine, plural - without understanding",
"*asynthetous*": "accusative, masculine, plural - covenant-breakers",
"*astorgous*": "accusative, masculine, plural - unloving",
"*aspondous*": "accusative, masculine, plural - implacable",
"*aneleēmonas*": "accusative, masculine, plural - unmerciful"
},
"variants": {
"*Asynetous*": "without understanding/senseless/foolish",
"*asynthetous*": "covenant-breakers/faithless/untrustworthy",
"*astorgous*": "unloving/without natural affection",
"*aspondous*": "implacable/irreconcilable/unforgiving",
"*aneleēmonas*": "unmerciful/merciless/without compassion"
}
}
32{
"verseID": "Romans.1.32",
"source": "Οἵτινες τὸ δικαίωμα τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐπιγνόντες, ὅτι οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα πράσσοντες ἄξιοι θανάτου εἰσίν, οὐ μόνον αὐτὰ ποιοῦσιν, ἀλλὰ καὶ συνευδοκοῦσιν τοῖς πράσσουσιν.",
"text": "*Hoitines* the *dikaiōma* the *Theou* *epignontes*, *hoti* the the *toiauta* *prassontes* *axioi* *thanatou* *eisin*, *ou* *monon* *auta* *poiousin*, *alla* *kai* *syneudokousin* the *prassousin*.",
"grammar": {
"*Hoitines*": "nominative, masculine, plural, relative pronoun - who",
"*dikaiōma*": "accusative, neuter, singular - righteous decree",
"*Theou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of God",
"*epignontes*": "aorist active participle, nominative, masculine, plural - knowing fully",
"*hoti*": "conjunction - that",
"*toiauta*": "accusative, neuter, plural, demonstrative pronoun - such things",
"*prassontes*": "present active participle, nominative, masculine, plural - doing/practicing",
"*axioi*": "nominative, masculine, plural, adjective - worthy",
"*thanatou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of death",
"*eisin*": "present active indicative, 3rd person plural - they are",
"*ou*": "negative particle - not",
"*monon*": "adverb - only",
"*auta*": "accusative, neuter, plural, personal pronoun - them",
"*poiousin*": "present active indicative, 3rd person plural - they do",
"*alla*": "conjunction - but",
"*kai*": "adverb - also",
"*syneudokousin*": "present active indicative, 3rd person plural - they approve of",
"*prassousin*": "present active participle, dative, masculine, plural - those who do/practice"
},
"variants": {
"*dikaiōma*": "righteous decree/ordinance/requirement",
"*epignontes*": "knowing fully/understanding completely",
"*prassontes*": "doing/practicing/performing",
"*axioi*": "worthy/deserving",
"*thanatou*": "of death/mortality",
"*poiousin*": "they do/perform/commit",
"*syneudokousin*": "they approve of/consent to/take pleasure in",
"*prassousin*": "those who do/practice/perform"
}
}