18 {
"verseID": "Joshua.24.18",
"source": "וַיְגָ֨רֶשׁ יְהוָ֜ה אֶת־כָּל־הָעַמִּ֗ים וְאֶת־הָאֱמֹרִ֛י יֹשֵׁ֥ב הָאָ֖רֶץ מִפָּנֵ֑ינוּ גַּם־אֲנַ֙חְנוּ֙ נַעֲבֹ֣ד אֶת־יְהוָ֔ה כִּי־ה֖וּא אֱלֹהֵֽינוּ׃",
"text": "*wa-yəgāreš* *YHWH* *ʾet*-*kol*-*hā-ʿammîm* *wə-ʾet*-*hā-ʾĕmōrî* *yōšēb* *hā-ʾāreṣ* *mi-pānênû* *gam*-*ʾănaḥnû* *naʿăbōd* *ʾet*-*YHWH* *kî*-*hûʾ* *ʾĕlōhênû*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yəgāreš*": "conjunction + piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular apocopated - and he drove out",
"*YHWH*": "divine name, tetragrammaton",
"*ʾet-kol*": "direct object marker + noun, masculine singular construct - all of",
"*hā-ʿammîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the peoples",
"*wə-ʾet*": "conjunction + direct object marker",
"*hā-ʾĕmōrî*": "definite article + proper noun - the Amorite",
"*yōšēb*": "qal participle, masculine singular construct - dwelling in/inhabiting",
"*hā-ʾāreṣ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the land",
"*mi-pānênû*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct + 1st person plural suffix - from before us",
"*gam*": "adverb - also/too",
"*ʾănaḥnû*": "1st person plural pronoun - we",
"*naʿăbōd*": "qal imperfect, 1st person plural - we will serve",
"*kî-hûʾ*": "conjunction + 3rd person masculine singular pronoun - for he",
"*ʾĕlōhênû*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 1st person plural suffix - our God"
},
"variants": {
"*yəgāreš*": "drove out/expelled/cast out",
"*ʾĕmōrî*": "Amorite/Canaanite peoples",
"*yōšēb*": "dwelling in/inhabiting/sitting in",
"*mi-pānênû*": "from before us/from our presence/from our face"
}
}
19 {
"verseID": "Joshua.24.19",
"source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ אֶל־הָעָ֗ם לֹ֤א תֽוּכְלוּ֙ לַעֲבֹ֣ד אֶת־יְהוָ֔ה כִּֽי־אֱלֹהִ֥ים קְדֹשִׁ֖ים ה֑וּא אֵֽל־קַנּ֣וֹא ה֔וּא לֹֽא־יִשָּׂ֥א לְפִשְׁעֲכֶ֖ם וּלְחַטֹּאותֵיכֶֽם׃",
"text": "*wa-yōʾmer* *yəhôšuaʿ* *ʾel*-*hā-ʿām* *lōʾ* *tûkəlû* *la-ʿăbōd* *ʾet*-*YHWH* *kî*-*ʾĕlōhîm* *qədōšîm* *hûʾ* *ʾēl*-*qannôʾ* *hûʾ* *lōʾ*-*yiśśāʾ* *lə-pišʿăkem* *û-lə-ḥaṭṭōʾûtêkem*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular apocopated - and he said",
"*yəhôšuaʿ*": "proper noun - Joshua",
"*ʾel*": "preposition - to/toward",
"*hā-ʿām*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the people",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*tûkəlû*": "qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine plural - you will be able",
"*la-ʿăbōd*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to serve",
"*kî*": "conjunction - for/because",
"*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural - God",
"*qədōšîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - holy",
"*hûʾ*": "3rd person masculine singular pronoun - he",
"*ʾēl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - God of",
"*qannôʾ*": "adjective, masculine singular - jealous",
"*lōʾ-yiśśāʾ*": "negative particle + qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will not forgive/bear",
"*lə-pišʿăkem*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - for your transgressions",
"*û-lə-ḥaṭṭōʾûtêkem*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, feminine plural + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - and for your sins"
},
"variants": {
"*tûkəlû*": "you will be able/you can/you will have power",
"*ʾĕlōhîm qədōšîm*": "holy God/holy ones (plural form with singular meaning)",
"*ʾēl-qannôʾ*": "jealous God/zealous God",
"*yiśśāʾ*": "forgive/bear/lift up/carry",
"*pišʿă*": "transgressions/rebellions/crimes",
"*ḥaṭṭōʾût*": "sins/offenses/failures"
}
}
20 {
"verseID": "Joshua.24.20",
"source": "כִּ֤י תַֽעַזְבוּ֙ אֶת־יְהוָ֔ה וַעֲבַדְתֶּ֖ם אֱלֹהֵ֣י נֵכָ֑ר וְשָׁ֨ב וְהֵרַ֤ע לָכֶם֙ וְכִלָּ֣ה אֶתְכֶ֔ם אַחֲרֵ֖י אֲשֶׁר־הֵיטִ֥יב לָכֶֽם׃",
"text": "*kî* *taʿazbû* *ʾet*-*YHWH* *wa-ʿăbadtem* *ʾĕlōhê* *nēkār* *wə-šāb* *wə-hēraʿ* *lākem* *wə-killāh* *ʾetkem* *ʾaḥărê* *ʾăšer*-*hêṭîb* *lākem*",
"grammar": {
"*kî*": "conjunction - if/when",
"*taʿazbû*": "qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine plural - you will forsake",
"*YHWH*": "divine name, tetragrammaton",
"*wa-ʿăbadtem*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 2nd person masculine plural - and you serve",
"*ʾĕlōhê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - gods of",
"*nēkār*": "noun, masculine singular - foreign/strange",
"*wə-šāb*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he will turn",
"*wə-hēraʿ*": "conjunction + hiphil perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he will do harm",
"*lākem*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - to you",
"*wə-killāh*": "conjunction + piel perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he will consume/destroy",
"*ʾetkem*": "direct object marker + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - you",
"*ʾaḥărê*": "preposition - after",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - that",
"*hêṭîb*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he did good",
"*lākem*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - to you"
},
"variants": {
"*taʿazbû*": "you will forsake/abandon/leave",
"*ʾĕlōhê nēkār*": "foreign gods/strange gods",
"*wə-šāb*": "and he will turn/and he will return",
"*hēraʿ*": "do harm/bring evil/afflict",
"*killāh*": "consume/destroy/finish off",
"*hêṭîb*": "did good/benefited/treated well"
}
}
21 {
"verseID": "Joshua.24.21",
"source": "וַיֹּ֥אמֶר הָעָ֖ם אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֑עַ לֹ֕א כִּ֥י אֶת־יְהוָ֖ה נַעֲבֹֽד׃",
"text": "*wa-yōʾmer* *hā-ʿām* *ʾel*-*yəhôšuaʿ* *lōʾ* *kî* *ʾet*-*YHWH* *naʿăbōd*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular apocopated - and he said",
"*hā-ʿām*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the people",
"*ʾel*": "preposition - to/toward",
"*yəhôšuaʿ*": "proper noun - Joshua",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - no",
"*kî*": "conjunction - but/rather",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*YHWH*": "divine name, tetragrammaton",
"*naʿăbōd*": "qal imperfect, 1st person plural - we will serve"
},
"variants": {
"*lōʾ kî*": "no, rather/no, but/no, for"
}
}
22 {
"verseID": "Joshua.24.22",
"source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ אֶל־הָעָ֗ם עֵדִ֤ים אַתֶּם֙ בָּכֶ֔ם כִּֽי־אַתֶּ֞ם בְּחַרְתֶּ֥ם לָכֶ֛ם אֶת־יְהוָ֖ה לַעֲבֹ֣ד אוֹת֑וֹ וַיֹּאמְר֖וּ עֵדִֽים׃",
"text": "*wa-yōʾmer* *yəhôšuaʿ* *ʾel*-*hā-ʿām* *ʿēdîm* *ʾattem* *bākem* *kî*-*ʾattem* *bəḥartem* *lākem* *ʾet*-*YHWH* *la-ʿăbōd* *ʾôtô* *wa-yōʾmərû* *ʿēdîm*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular apocopated - and he said",
"*yəhôšuaʿ*": "proper noun - Joshua",
"*ʾel*": "preposition - to/toward",
"*hā-ʿām*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the people",
"*ʿēdîm*": "noun, masculine plural - witnesses",
"*ʾattem*": "2nd person masculine plural pronoun - you",
"*bākem*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - against yourselves",
"*kî*": "conjunction - that",
"*bəḥartem*": "qal perfect, 2nd person masculine plural - you have chosen",
"*lākem*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - for yourselves",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*YHWH*": "divine name, tetragrammaton",
"*la-ʿăbōd*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to serve",
"*ʾôtô*": "direct object marker + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - him",
"*wa-yōʾmərû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - and they said",
"*ʿēdîm*": "noun, masculine plural - witnesses"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿēdîm*": "witnesses/testimony",
"*bākem*": "against yourselves/among yourselves",
"*bəḥartem*": "you have chosen/you have selected/you have elected"
}
}