Leviticus 11:32

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "Leviticus.11.32", "source": "וְכֹ֣ל אֲשֶׁר־יִפֹּל־עָלָיו֩ מֵהֶ֨ם ׀ בְּמֹתָ֜ם יִטְמָ֗א מִכָּל־כְּלִי־עֵץ֙ א֣וֹ בֶ֤גֶד אוֹ־עוֹר֙ א֣וֹ שָׂ֔ק כָּל־כְּלִ֕י אֲשֶׁר־יֵעָשֶׂ֥ה מְלָאכָ֖ה בָּהֶ֑ם בַּמַּ֧יִם יוּבָ֛א וְטָמֵ֥א עַד־הָעֶ֖רֶב וְטָהֵֽר׃", "text": "And all upon which *yippōl* any of them in their *môt* shall *yiṭmāʾ*, from all *kəlî* of *ʿēṣ* or *beged* or *ʿôr* or *śāq*, any *kəlî* in which *yēʿāśeh* *məlāʾḵâ*; in the *mayim* it shall *yûbāʾ* and be *ṭāmēʾ* until the *ʿāreb* and then *ṭāhēr*.", "grammar": { "*wəḵōl*": "conjunction + noun in construct, 'and all/every'", "*ʾăšer-yippōl-ʿālāyw*": "relative pronoun + qal imperfect 3ms + preposition with 3ms suffix, 'upon which falls'", "*mēhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix, 'from them'", "*bəmōtām*": "preposition + infinitive construct + 3rd masculine plural suffix, 'in their death/when they are dead'", "*yiṭmāʾ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'it shall be unclean'", "*mikkol*": "preposition + noun in construct, 'from all'", "*kəlî-ʿēṣ*": "masculine singular noun in construct + masculine singular noun, 'vessel of wood'", "*ʾô*": "conjunction, 'or'", "*beged*": "masculine singular noun, 'garment/cloth'", "*ʿôr*": "masculine singular noun, 'skin/leather'", "*śāq*": "masculine singular noun, 'sackcloth'", "*kol-kəlî*": "noun in construct + masculine singular noun, 'every vessel'", "*ʾăšer-yēʿāśeh*": "relative pronoun + niphal imperfect 3ms, 'which is done/performed'", "*məlāʾḵâ*": "feminine singular noun, 'work/labor'", "*bāhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix, 'with them'", "*bammayim*": "preposition + definite article + masculine plural noun, 'in the water'", "*yûbāʾ*": "hophal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'it shall be brought/put'", "*wəṭāmēʾ*": "conjunction + adjective masculine singular, 'and unclean'", "*ʿad-hāʿereb*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun, 'until the evening'", "*wəṭāhēr*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'and it shall be clean'" }, "variants": { "*yippōl*": "fall, drop, come upon", "*môt*": "death, dying, deadness", "*yiṭmāʾ*": "be unclean, be impure, be defiled", "*kəlî*": "vessel, utensil, article, object", "*ʿēṣ*": "wood, tree, timber", "*beged*": "garment, clothing, cloth", "*ʿôr*": "skin, hide, leather", "*śāq*": "sackcloth, sack, coarse cloth", "*yēʿāśeh*": "is done, is performed, is used", "*məlāʾḵâ*": "work, business, occupation, craftsmanship", "*mayim*": "water, waters, liquid", "*yûbāʾ*": "be brought, be put, be placed", "*ṭāmēʾ*": "unclean, impure, defiled", "*ṭāhēr*": "be clean, be pure, be cleansed" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וְכֹ֣ל אֲשֶׁר־יִפֹּל־עָלָיו֩ מֵהֶ֨ם ׀ בְּמֹתָ֜ם יִטְמָ֗א מִכָּל־כְּלִי־עֵץ֙ א֣וֹ בֶ֤גֶד אוֹ־עוֹר֙ א֣וֹ שָׂ֔ק כָּל־כְּלִ֕י אֲשֶׁר־יֵעָשֶׂ֥ה מְלָאכָ֖ה בָּהֶ֑ם בַּמַּ֧יִם יוּבָ֛א וְטָמֵ֥א עַד־הָעֶ֖רֶב וְטָהֵֽר׃

Transliteration

And all upon which yippōl any of them in their môt shall yiṭmāʾ, from all kəlî of ʿēṣ or beged or ʿôr or śāq, any kəlî in which yēʿāśeh məlāʾḵâ; in the mayim it shall yûbāʾ and be ṭāmēʾ until the ʿāreb and then ṭāhēr.

Grammar Details

• *wəḵōl*: conjunction + noun in construct, 'and all/every'
• *ʾăšer-yippōl-ʿālāyw*: relative pronoun + qal imperfect 3ms + preposition with 3ms suffix, 'upon which falls'
• *mēhem*: preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix, 'from them'
• *bəmōtām*: preposition + infinitive construct + 3rd masculine plural suffix, 'in their death/when they are dead'
• *yiṭmāʾ*: qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'it shall be unclean'
• *mikkol*: preposition + noun in construct, 'from all'
• *kəlî-ʿēṣ*: masculine singular noun in construct + masculine singular noun, 'vessel of wood'
• *ʾô*: conjunction, 'or'
• *beged*: masculine singular noun, 'garment/cloth'
• *ʿôr*: masculine singular noun, 'skin/leather'
• *śāq*: masculine singular noun, 'sackcloth'
• *kol-kəlî*: noun in construct + masculine singular noun, 'every vessel'
• *ʾăšer-yēʿāśeh*: relative pronoun + niphal imperfect 3ms, 'which is done/performed'
• *məlāʾḵâ*: feminine singular noun, 'work/labor'
• *bāhem*: preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix, 'with them'
• *bammayim*: preposition + definite article + masculine plural noun, 'in the water'
• *yûbāʾ*: hophal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'it shall be brought/put'
• *wəṭāmēʾ*: conjunction + adjective masculine singular, 'and unclean'
• *ʿad-hāʿereb*: preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun, 'until the evening'
• *wəṭāhēr*: conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'and it shall be clean'

Word Meanings

• *yippōl*: fall, drop, come upon
• *môt*: death, dying, deadness
• *yiṭmāʾ*: be unclean, be impure, be defiled
• *kəlî*: vessel, utensil, article, object
• *ʿēṣ*: wood, tree, timber
• *beged*: garment, clothing, cloth
• *ʿôr*: skin, hide, leather
• *śāq*: sackcloth, sack, coarse cloth
• *yēʿāśeh*: is done, is performed, is used
• *məlāʾḵâ*: work, business, occupation, craftsmanship
• *mayim*: water, waters, liquid
• *yûbāʾ*: be brought, be put, be placed
• *ṭāmēʾ*: unclean, impure, defiled
• *ṭāhēr*: be clean, be pure, be cleansed

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  Any object upon which one of their dead bodies falls will be unclean, whether it is made of wood, cloth, leather, or sackcloth. Whatever is used to do work must be put into water; it will remain unclean until the evening, then it will be clean.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  And upon whatsoever any of them, when they are dead, doth fall, it shall be uncan; whether it be any vessel of wood, or raiment, or skin, or sack, whatsoever vessel it be, wherein any work is done, it must be put into water, and it shall be uncan until the even; so it shall be cansed.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  And upon whatever any of them, when they are dead, does fall, it shall be unclean; whether it be any vessel of wood, or clothing, or skin, or bag, whatever vessel it is, in which any work is done, it must be put into water, and it shall be unclean until the evening; so it shall be cleansed.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  And upon whatsoever any of them, when they are dead, doth fall, it shall be unclean; whether it be any vessel of wood, or raiment, or skin, or sack, whatsoever vessel it be, wherein any work is done, it must be put into water, and it shall be unclean until the even; so it shall be cleansed.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  And upon whatsoever any of them, when they are dead,{H4194} doth fall,{H5307} it shall be unclean;{H2930} whether it be any vessel{H3627} of wood,{H6086} or raiment,{H899} or skin,{H5785} or sack,{H8242} whatsoever vessel{H3627} it be, wherewith any work{H4399} is done,{H6213} it must be put{H935} into water,{H4325} and it shall be unclean{H2930} until the even;{H6153} then shall it be clean.

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  And upon whatsoever any of them, when they are dead{H4194}, doth fall{H5307}{(H8799)}, it shall be unclean{H2930}{(H8799)}; whether it be any vessel{H3627} of wood{H6086}, or raiment{H899}, or skin{H5785}, or sack{H8242}, whatsoever vessel{H3627} it be, wherein any work{H4399} is done{H6213}{(H8735)}, it must be put{H935}{(H8714)} into water{H4325}, and it shall be unclean{H2930}{(H8804)} until the even{H6153}; so it shall be cleansed{H2891}{(H8804)}.

• Tyndale Bible (1526/1534)

  And what soeuer any of the dead carkesses of them fall apon, shalbe vnclene: what soeuer vessell of wodd it be, or rayment, or skynne, or bagge or what soeuer thinge it be that any worke is wroughte with all. And they shalbe plunged in the water and be vnclene vntill the eue, and then they shalbe clene agayne.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  And what so euer eny soch deed carcase falleth vpon, it shalbe vncleane, what so euer vessell of wodd it be, or rayment, or skynne, or bagge. And euery vessell that eny thinge is occupyed with all, shalbe put in the water, and is vncleane vntyll the euen, and then shal it be cleane.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  Also whatsoeuer any of the dead carkeises of them doth fall vpon, shalbe vncleane, whether it be vessel of wood, or rayment, or skinne, or sacke: whatsoeuer vessel it be that is occupied, it shalbe put in the water as vncleane vntil the euen, and so be purified.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  And whatsoeuer any of the dead carkasses of them doth fall vpon, shalbe vncleane, whether it be vessell of wood, or rayment, or skinne, or sacke, or whatsoeuer vessell it be that any worke is wrought in: and it must be plunged in the water, and it shalbe vncleane vntyll the euen, and so shall it be cleansed.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  And upon whatsoever [any] of them, when they are dead, doth fall, it shall be unclean; whether [it be] any vessel of wood, or raiment, or skin, or sack, whatsoever vessel [it be], wherein [any] work is done, it must be put into water, and it shall be unclean until the even; so it shall be cleansed.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  On whatever any of them falls when they are dead, it shall be unclean; whether it is any vessel of wood, or clothing, or skin, or sack, whatever vessel it is, with which any work is done, it must be put into water, and it shall be unclean until the evening; then it will be clean.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  `And anything on which any one of them falleth, in their death, is unclean, of any vessel of wood or garment or skin or sack, any vessel in which work is done is brought into water, and hath been unclean till the evening, then it hath been clean;

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And upon whatsoever any of them, when they are dead, doth fall, it shall be unclean; whether it be any vessel of wood, or raiment, or skin, or sack, whatsoever vessel it be, wherewith any work is done, it must be put into water, and it shall be unclean until the even; then shall it be clean.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And upon whatsoever any of them, when they are dead, doth fall, it shall be unclean; whether it be any vessel of wood, or raiment, or skin, or sack, whatsoever vessel it be, wherewith any work is done, it must be put into water, and it shall be unclean until the even; then shall it be clean.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  The dead body of any of these, falling on anything, will make that thing unclean; if it is any vessel of wood, or clothing, or skin, or bag, whatever it is, if it is used for any purpose, it will have to be put into water, and will be unclean till evening; after that it will be clean.

• World English Bible (2000)

  On whatever any of them falls when they are dead, it shall be unclean; whether it is any vessel of wood, or clothing, or skin, or sack, whatever vessel it is, with which any work is done, it must be put into water, and it shall be unclean until the evening; then it will be clean.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  Also, anything they fall on when they die will become unclean– any wood vessel or garment or article of leather or sackcloth. Any such vessel with which work is done must be immersed in water and will be unclean until the evening. Then it will become clean.

Referenced Verses

• Lev 15:12 : 12 { "verseID": "Leviticus.15.12", "source": "וּכְלִי־חֶ֛רֶשׂ אֲשֶׁר־יִגַּע־בּ֥וֹ הַזָּ֖ב יִשָּׁבֵ֑ר וְכָל־כְּלִי־עֵ֔ץ יִשָּׁטֵ֖ף בַּמָּֽיִם׃", "text": "And *kĕlî-ḥereś* which *yiggaʿ-bô* the *hazzāb* *yiššābēr*, and all *kĕlî-ʿēṣ* *yiššāṭēp* in the *bammāyim*", "grammar": { "*kĕlî-ḥereś*": "noun in construct state - vessel of clay/earthenware vessel", "*yiggaʿ-bô*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular + preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - he touches it", "*hazzāb*": "definite article + qal participle, masculine singular - the one with discharge", "*yiššābēr*": "niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - it will be broken", "*kĕlî-ʿēṣ*": "noun in construct state - vessel of wood/wooden vessel", "*yiššāṭēp*": "niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - it will be rinsed", "*bammāyim*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine plural - in the water" }, "variants": { "*kĕlî-ḥereś*": "clay vessel/earthenware pot/ceramic utensil", "*kĕlî-ʿēṣ*": "wooden vessel/wooden object/wooden utensil", "*yiššābēr*": "will be broken/shall be smashed", "*yiššāṭēp*": "will be rinsed/shall be washed/cleansed" } }
• Titus 2:14 : 14 { "verseID": "Titus.2.14", "source": "Ὃς ἔδωκεν ἑαυτὸν ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν, ἵνα λυτρώσηται ἡμᾶς ἀπὸ πάσης ἀνομίας, καὶ καθαρίσῃ ἑαυτῷ λαὸν περιούσιον, ζηλωτὴν καλῶν ἔργων.", "text": "*Hos edōken heauton huper hēmōn*, *hina lutrōsētai hēmas apo pasēs anomias*, and *katharisē heautō laon periousion*, *zēlōtēn kalōn ergōn*.", "grammar": { "*Hos*": "nominative, masculine, singular, relative pronoun - who", "*edōken*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - gave", "*heauton*": "accusative, masculine, singular, reflexive pronoun - himself", "*huper*": "preposition + genitive - on behalf of/for", "*hēmōn*": "genitive, plural, personal pronoun - of us/our", "*hina*": "subordinate conjunction - so that/in order that", "*lutrōsētai*": "aorist middle subjunctive, 3rd person singular - he might redeem", "*hēmas*": "accusative, plural, personal pronoun - us", "*apo*": "preposition + genitive - from", "*pasēs*": "genitive, feminine, singular, adjective - all/every", "*anomias*": "genitive, feminine, singular - lawlessness/iniquity", "*katharisē*": "aorist active subjunctive, 3rd person singular - he might cleanse/purify", "*heautō*": "dative, masculine, singular, reflexive pronoun - for himself", "*laon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - people", "*periousion*": "accusative, masculine, singular, adjective - special possession/treasured", "*zēlōtēn*": "accusative, masculine, singular - zealous/eager", "*kalōn*": "genitive, neuter, plural, adjective - good/noble", "*ergōn*": "genitive, neuter, plural - works/deeds" }, "variants": { "*edōken*": "gave/granted", "*huper*": "on behalf of/for/for the sake of", "*lutrōsētai*": "he might redeem/ransom/deliver", "*anomias*": "lawlessness/iniquity/wickedness", "*katharisē*": "he might cleanse/purify/make clean", "*laon*": "people/nation", "*periousion*": "special possession/treasured/peculiar/his own", "*zēlōtēn*": "zealous/eager/enthusiastic", "*kalōn*": "good/noble/excellent", "*ergōn*": "works/deeds/actions" } }
• Titus 3:5 : 5 { "verseID": "Titus.3.5", "source": "Οὐκ ἐξ ἔργων τῶν ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ ὧν ἐποιήσαμεν ἡμεῖς, ἀλλὰ κατὰ τὸν αὐτοῦ ἔλεον ἔσωσεν ἡμᾶς, διὰ λουτροῦ παλιγγενεσίας, καὶ ἀνακαινώσεως Πνεύματος Ἁγίου·", "text": "Not from *ergōn* the in *dikaiosynē* which *epoiēsamen hēmeis*, but according to *ton autou eleon esōsen hēmas*, through *loutrou palingenesias*, and *anakainōseōs Pneumatos Hagiou*;", "grammar": { "Not": "negative particle - not", "from": "preposition (ἐξ) - out of/from", "*ergōn*": "genitive, neuter, plural - works/deeds", "the": "genitive, neuter, plural - the", "in": "preposition (ἐν) - in", "*dikaiosynē*": "dative, feminine, singular - righteousness", "which": "genitive, neuter, plural - which/that", "*epoiēsamen*": "aorist active, 1st plural - we did/performed", "*hēmeis*": "nominative, 1st plural - we", "but": "conjunction (ἀλλὰ) - but/yet/rather", "according to": "preposition (κατὰ) - according to/in keeping with", "*ton*": "accusative, masculine, singular - the", "*autou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of him/his", "*eleon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - mercy", "*esōsen*": "aorist active, 3rd singular - he saved", "*hēmas*": "accusative, 1st plural - us", "through": "preposition (διὰ) - through/by means of", "*loutrou*": "genitive, neuter, singular - washing/bath", "*palingenesias*": "genitive, feminine, singular - regeneration/rebirth", "and": "conjunction (καὶ) - and", "*anakainōseōs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - renewal", "*Pneumatos*": "genitive, neuter, singular - Spirit", "*Hagiou*": "genitive, neuter, singular - Holy" }, "variants": { "*ergōn*": "works/deeds/actions", "*dikaiosynē*": "righteousness/justice/uprightness", "*epoiēsamen*": "we did/we performed/we practiced", "*eleon*": "mercy/compassion/pity", "*esōsen*": "he saved/he rescued/he delivered", "*loutrou*": "washing/bath/cleansing", "*palingenesias*": "regeneration/rebirth/new birth", "*anakainōseōs*": "renewal/renovation/restoration", "*Pneumatos*": "Spirit/Breath", "*Hagiou*": "Holy/Set apart/Sacred" } }