1 {
"verseID": "Psalms.139.1",
"source": "לַ֭מְנַצֵּחַ לְדָוִ֣ד מִזְמ֑וֹר יְהוָ֥ה חֲ֝קַרְתַּ֗נִי וַתֵּדָֽע׃",
"text": "To-the-*mənaṣṣēaḥ* of-*dāwid* *mizmôr*; *YHWH* *ḥăqartanî* and-*tēdāʿ*",
"grammar": {
"*mənaṣṣēaḥ*": "preposition lamed + masculine singular participle - to/for the director/choirmaster",
"*dāwid*": "preposition lamed + proper name - to/for/of David",
"*mizmôr*": "masculine singular noun - psalm/melody",
"*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD/Yahweh",
"*ḥăqartanî*": "verb, Qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - you have searched me",
"*tēdāʿ*": "verb, Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular + waw consecutive - and you know"
},
"variants": {
"*mənaṣṣēaḥ*": "director/choirmaster/chief musician/overseer",
"*mizmôr*": "psalm/melody/song",
"*ḥăqartanî*": "searched me/investigated me/examined me thoroughly",
"*tēdāʿ*": "know/understand/perceive"
}
}
2 {
"verseID": "Psalms.139.2",
"source": "אַתָּ֣ה יָ֭דַעְתָּ שִׁבְתִּ֣י וְקוּמִ֑י בַּ֥נְתָּה לְ֝רֵעִ֗י מֵרָחֽוֹק׃",
"text": "*ʾattâ yādaʿtâ šibtî* and-*qûmî*; *bantâ* to-*rēʿî* from-*rāḥôq*",
"grammar": {
"*ʾattâ*": "independent personal pronoun, 2nd person masculine singular - you",
"*yādaʿtâ*": "verb, Qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular - you know/knew",
"*šibtî*": "noun + 1st person singular suffix - my sitting down",
"*qûmî*": "noun + 1st person singular suffix - my rising up",
"*bantâ*": "verb, Qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular - you understand/discern",
"*rēʿî*": "noun + 1st person singular suffix - my thought/intention",
"*rāḥôq*": "noun/adverb with preposition min - from afar/from distance"
},
"variants": {
"*yādaʿtâ*": "know/understand/perceive",
"*šibtî*": "my sitting/my dwelling",
"*qûmî*": "my rising/my getting up/my standing",
"*bantâ*": "understand/discern/perceive",
"*rēʿî*": "my thought/my intention/my purpose/my friend",
"*rāḥôq*": "afar/far away/distance"
}
}
3 {
"verseID": "Psalms.139.3",
"source": "אָרְחִ֣י וְרִבְעִ֣י זֵרִ֑יתָ וְֽכָל־דְּרָכַ֥י הִסְכַּֽנְתָּה׃",
"text": "*ʾārḥî* and-*ribʿî zērîtā* and-all-*dərākay hiskantâ*",
"grammar": {
"*ʾārḥî*": "noun + 1st person singular suffix - my path",
"*ribʿî*": "noun + 1st person singular suffix - my lying down",
"*zērîtā*": "verb, Piel perfect 2nd person masculine singular - you winnow/examine",
"*dərākay*": "noun plural + 1st person singular suffix - my ways",
"*hiskantâ*": "verb, Hiphil perfect 2nd person masculine singular - you are familiar with"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾārḥî*": "my path/my way/my journey",
"*ribʿî*": "my lying down/my resting place",
"*zērîtā*": "winnow/examine thoroughly/sift",
"*dərākay*": "my ways/my paths/my habits",
"*hiskantâ*": "are familiar with/are acquainted with/know well"
}
}
4 {
"verseID": "Psalms.139.4",
"source": "כִּ֤י אֵ֣ין מִ֭לָּה בִּלְשׁוֹנִ֑י הֵ֥ן יְ֝הוָ֗ה יָדַ֥עְתָּ כֻלָּֽהּ׃",
"text": "For *ʾēyn millâ* in-*ləšônî*; behold, *YHWH yādaʿtâ kullâh*",
"grammar": {
"*ʾēyn*": "particle of negation - there is not",
"*millâ*": "noun, feminine singular - word",
"*ləšônî*": "noun, feminine singular + 1st person singular suffix + preposition beth - in my tongue",
"*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD/Yahweh",
"*yādaʿtâ*": "verb, Qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular - you know",
"*kullâh*": "noun + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - all of it"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾēyn*": "there is not/there exists not",
"*millâ*": "word/speech/utterance",
"*ləšônî*": "my tongue/my language/my speech",
"*yādaʿtâ*": "know/understand/perceive",
"*kullâh*": "all of it/entirety of it/the whole of it"
}
}
5 {
"verseID": "Psalms.139.5",
"source": "אָח֣וֹר וָקֶ֣דֶם צַרְתָּ֑נִי וַתָּ֖שֶׁת עָלַ֣י כַּפֶּֽכָה׃",
"text": "*ʾāḥôr wāqedem ṣartānî* and-*tāšet* upon-me *kappekâ*",
"grammar": {
"*ʾāḥôr*": "adverb/noun - behind/backward",
"*wāqedem*": "conjunction + noun - and before/in front",
"*ṣartānî*": "verb, Qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix - you hem in me/you surround me",
"*tāšet*": "verb, Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular + waw consecutive - and you place/put",
"*kappekâ*": "noun, feminine singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your palm/hand"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾāḥôr*": "behind/backward/from behind",
"*qedem*": "before/in front/from the east",
"*ṣartānî*": "hem in me/surround me/besiege me/form me",
"*tāšet*": "place/put/lay",
"*kappekâ*": "your palm/your hand"
}
}
6 {
"verseID": "Psalms.139.6",
"source": "*פלאיה **פְּלִ֣יאָֽה דַ֣עַת מִמֶּ֑נִּי נִ֝שְׂגְּבָ֗ה לֹא־א֥וּכַֽל לָֽהּ׃",
"text": "*pəlîʾâ daʿat* from-me; *niśgəbâ* not-*ʾûkal* to-it",
"grammar": {
"*pəlîʾâ*": "adjective, feminine singular - wonderful/marvelous/extraordinary",
"*daʿat*": "noun, feminine singular - knowledge",
"*niśgəbâ*": "verb, Niphal perfect 3rd person feminine singular - it is too high/lofty",
"*ʾûkal*": "verb, Qal imperfect 1st person singular - I am able"
},
"variants": {
"*pəlîʾâ*": "wonderful/marvelous/extraordinary/difficult",
"*daʿat*": "knowledge/understanding/insight",
"*niśgəbâ*": "too high/too lofty/inaccessible/beyond reach",
"*ʾûkal*": "am able/can attain/have power"
}
}
7 {
"verseID": "Psalms.139.7",
"source": "אָ֭נָ֥ה אֵלֵ֣ךְ מֵרוּחֶ֑ךָ וְ֝אָ֗נָה מִפָּנֶ֥יךָ אֶבְרָֽח׃",
"text": "*ʾānâ ʾēlēk* from-*rûḥekā* and-*ʾānâ* from-*pānêkā ʾebrāḥ*",
"grammar": {
"*ʾānâ*": "interrogative adverb - where",
"*ʾēlēk*": "verb, Qal imperfect 1st person singular - I go",
"*rûḥekā*": "noun, feminine singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix + preposition min - from your spirit",
"*pānêkā*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 2nd person masculine singular suffix + preposition min - from your face/presence",
"*ʾebrāḥ*": "verb, Qal imperfect 1st person singular - I flee"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾānâ*": "where/where to",
"*ʾēlēk*": "go/walk/proceed",
"*rûḥekā*": "your spirit/your breath/your wind",
"*pānêkā*": "your face/your presence",
"*ʾebrāḥ*": "flee/run away/escape"
}
}
8 {
"verseID": "Psalms.139.8",
"source": "אִם־אֶסַּ֣ק שָׁ֭מַיִם שָׁ֣ם אָ֑תָּה וְאַצִּ֖יעָה שְּׁא֣וֹל הִנֶּֽךָּ׃",
"text": "If-*ʾessaq šāmayim* there *ʾāttâ*; and-*ʾaṣṣîʿâ šəʾôl hinnekā*",
"grammar": {
"*ʾessaq*": "verb, Qal imperfect 1st person singular - I ascend",
"*šāmayim*": "noun, masculine dual - heavens/sky",
"*ʾāttâ*": "independent personal pronoun, 2nd person masculine singular - you",
"*ʾaṣṣîʿâ*": "verb, Hiphil imperfect 1st person singular cohortative - I make my bed",
"*šəʾôl*": "noun, proper name - Sheol/underworld",
"*hinnekā*": "demonstrative particle + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - behold you/there you are"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾessaq*": "ascend/go up/climb",
"*šāmayim*": "heavens/sky",
"*ʾaṣṣîʿâ*": "make my bed/spread out my couch/lie down",
"*šəʾôl*": "Sheol/grave/underworld/place of the dead",
"*hinnekā*": "behold you/there you are/you are present"
}
}
9 {
"verseID": "Psalms.139.9",
"source": "אֶשָּׂ֥א כַנְפֵי־שָׁ֑חַר אֶ֝שְׁכְּנָ֗ה בְּאַחֲרִ֥ית יָֽם׃",
"text": "*ʾeśśāʾ kanpê-šāḥar*, *ʾeškənâ* in-*ʾaḥărît yām*",
"grammar": {
"*ʾeśśāʾ*": "verb, Qal imperfect 1st person singular - I take/lift",
"*kanpê-šāḥar*": "noun, feminine dual construct + noun - wings of dawn",
"*ʾeškənâ*": "verb, Qal imperfect 1st person singular cohortative - I dwell",
"*ʾaḥărît*": "noun, feminine singular construct - end/extremity of",
"*yām*": "noun, masculine singular - sea"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾeśśāʾ*": "take/lift/carry",
"*kanpê-šāḥar*": "wings of dawn/wings of morning",
"*ʾeškənâ*": "dwell/settle/reside",
"*ʾaḥărît*": "end/extremity/farthest part",
"*yām*": "sea/ocean/west"
}
}
10 {
"verseID": "Psalms.139.10",
"source": "גַּם־שָׁ֭ם יָדְךָ֣ תַנְחֵ֑נִי וְֽתֹאחֲזֵ֥נִי יְמִינֶֽךָ׃",
"text": "Even-there *yādəkā tanḥēnî* and-*tōʾaḥăzēnî yəmînekā*",
"grammar": {
"*yādəkā*": "noun, feminine singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your hand",
"*tanḥēnî*": "verb, Hiphil imperfect 3rd person feminine singular + 1st person singular suffix - it leads me",
"*tōʾaḥăzēnî*": "verb, Qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular + 1st person singular suffix - it takes hold of me",
"*yəmînekā*": "noun, feminine singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your right hand"
},
"variants": {
"*yādəkā*": "your hand",
"*tanḥēnî*": "lead me/guide me/direct me",
"*tōʾaḥăzēnî*": "take hold of me/grasp me/seize me",
"*yəmînekā*": "your right hand/your right side"
}
}
11 {
"verseID": "Psalms.139.11",
"source": "וָ֭אֹמַר אַךְ־חֹ֣שֶׁךְ יְשׁוּפֵ֑נִי וְ֝לַ֗יְלָה א֣וֹר בַּעֲדֵֽנִי׃",
"text": "And-*ʾōmar* surely-*ḥōšek yəšûpēnî*; and-*laylâ ʾôr baʿădēnî*",
"grammar": {
"*ʾōmar*": "verb, Qal imperfect 1st person singular + waw consecutive - and I say",
"*ḥōšek*": "noun, masculine singular - darkness",
"*yəšûpēnî*": "verb, Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix - it overwhelms me",
"*laylâ*": "noun, masculine singular - night",
"*ʾôr*": "noun, masculine singular - light",
"*baʿădēnî*": "preposition + 1st person singular suffix - around me/about me"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾōmar*": "say/speak/think",
"*ḥōšek*": "darkness/obscurity",
"*yəšûpēnî*": "overwhelm me/cover me/crush me/bruise me",
"*laylâ*": "night/nighttime",
"*ʾôr*": "light/daylight",
"*baʿădēnî*": "around me/about me/surrounding me"
}
}
12 {
"verseID": "Psalms.139.12",
"source": "גַּם־חֹשֶׁךְ֮ לֹֽא־יַחְשִׁ֢יךְ מִ֫מֶּ֥ךָ וְ֭לַיְלָה כַּיּ֣וֹם יָאִ֑יר כַּ֝חֲשֵׁיכָ֗ה כָּאוֹרָֽה׃",
"text": "Even-*ḥōšek* not-*yaḥšîk* from-you, and-*laylâ kayyôm yāʾîr*; *kaḥăšêkâ kāʾôrâ*",
"grammar": {
"*ḥōšek*": "noun, masculine singular - darkness",
"*yaḥšîk*": "verb, Hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - it darkens/hides",
"*laylâ*": "noun, masculine singular - night",
"*kayyôm*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - as the day",
"*yāʾîr*": "verb, Hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - it shines/gives light",
"*kaḥăšêkâ*": "preposition + definite article + noun, feminine singular - as the darkness",
"*kāʾôrâ*": "preposition + definite article + noun, feminine singular - as the light"
},
"variants": {
"*yaḥšîk*": "darkens/hides/conceals",
"*yāʾîr*": "shines/gives light/illuminates",
"*kaḥăšêkâ*": "as the darkness/like the darkness",
"*kāʾôrâ*": "as the light/like the light"
}
}