Exod 7:1-12:51 : 1 {
"verseID": "Exodus.7.1",
"source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה רְאֵ֛ה נְתַתִּ֥יךָ אֱלֹהִ֖ים לְפַרְעֹ֑ה וְאַהֲרֹ֥ן אָחִ֖יךָ יִהְיֶ֥ה נְבִיאֶֽךָ",
"text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *YHWH* unto-*Mōšeh*, *rəʾēh* *nətattîkā* *ʾĕlōhîm* to-*Parʿōh* and-*ʾAhărōn* *ʾāḥîkā* *yihyeh* *nəḇîʾekā*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyōʾmer*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he said",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name",
"*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses",
"*rəʾēh*": "qal imperative masculine singular - see/behold",
"*nətattîkā*": "qal perfect 1st singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - I have made you",
"*ʾĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun - god/deity/divine being",
"*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh",
"*ʾAhărōn*": "proper noun - Aaron",
"*ʾāḥîkā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your brother",
"*yihyeh*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will be",
"*nəḇîʾekā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your prophet"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/judges/divine being/mighty one",
"*nəḇîʾekā*": "your prophet/spokesperson/one who speaks on behalf of another"
}
}
2 {
"verseID": "Exodus.7.2",
"source": "אַתָּ֣ה תְדַבֵּ֔ר אֵ֖ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲצַוֶּ֑ךָּ וְאַהֲרֹ֤ן אָחִ֙יךָ֙ יְדַבֵּ֣ר אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֔ה וְשִׁלַּ֥ח אֶת־בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מֵאַרְצֽוֹ",
"text": "*ʾattāh* *tədabbēr* *ʾēt* all-that *ʾăṣawwekkā* and-*ʾAhărōn* *ʾāḥîkā* *yədabbēr* unto-*Parʿōh* and-*šillaḥ* *ʾet*-sons-of-*Yiśrāʾēl* from-*ʾarṣô*",
"grammar": {
"*ʾattāh*": "2nd masculine singular personal pronoun - you",
"*tədabbēr*": "piel imperfect 2nd masculine singular - you will speak",
"*ʾēt*": "direct object marker",
"*ʾăṣawwekkā*": "piel imperfect 1st singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - I command you",
"*ʾAhărōn*": "proper noun - Aaron",
"*ʾāḥîkā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your brother",
"*yədabbēr*": "piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will speak",
"*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh",
"*šillaḥ*": "piel perfect 3rd masculine singular - he shall send away",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*ʾarṣô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his land"
},
"variants": {
"*šillaḥ*": "send away/release/let go",
"*ʾēt*": "direct object marker/with"
}
}
3 {
"verseID": "Exodus.7.3",
"source": "וַאֲנִ֥י אַקְשֶׁ֖ה אֶת־לֵ֣ב פַּרְעֹ֑ה וְהִרְבֵּיתִ֧י אֶת־אֹתֹתַ֛י וְאֶת־מוֹפְתַ֖י בְּאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם",
"text": "And-*ʾănî* *ʾaqšeh* *ʾet*-heart-of *Parʿōh* and-*hirbêtî* *ʾet*-*ʾōtōtay* and-*ʾet*-*môp̄ətay* in-land-of *Miṣrāyim*",
"grammar": {
"*ʾănî*": "1st person singular personal pronoun - I",
"*ʾaqšeh*": "hiphil imperfect 1st singular - I will harden",
"*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh",
"*hirbêtî*": "hiphil perfect 1st singular - I will multiply",
"*ʾōtōtay*": "feminine plural noun with 1st singular suffix - my signs",
"*môp̄ətay*": "masculine plural noun with 1st singular suffix - my wonders",
"*Miṣrāyim*": "proper noun - Egypt"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾaqšeh*": "harden/make stubborn/make difficult",
"*ʾōtōtay*": "my signs/tokens/evidences",
"*môp̄ətay*": "my wonders/miracles/portents"
}
}
4 {
"verseID": "Exodus.7.4",
"source": "וְלֹֽא־יִשְׁמַ֤ע אֲלֵכֶם֙ פַּרְעֹ֔ה וְנָתַתִּ֥י אֶת־יָדִ֖י בְּמִצְרָ֑יִם וְהוֹצֵאתִ֨י אֶת־צִבְאֹתַ֜י אֶת־עַמִּ֤י בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם בִּשְׁפָטִ֖ים גְּדֹלִֽים",
"text": "And-not-*yišmaʿ* to-you *Parʿōh* and-*nātattî* *ʾet*-*yādî* in-*Miṣrāyim* and-*hôṣēʾtî* *ʾet*-*ṣiḇʾōtay* *ʾet*-*ʿammî* sons-of-*Yiśrāʾēl* from-land-of *Miṣrayim* with-*šəp̄āṭîm* *gəḏōlîm*",
"grammar": {
"*yišmaʿ*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will listen",
"*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh",
"*nātattî*": "qal perfect 1st singular - I will put",
"*yādî*": "feminine singular noun with 1st singular suffix - my hand",
"*Miṣrāyim*": "proper noun - Egypt",
"*hôṣēʾtî*": "hiphil perfect 1st singular - I will bring out",
"*ṣiḇʾōtay*": "feminine plural noun with 1st singular suffix - my hosts/armies",
"*ʿammî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st singular suffix - my people",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*šəp̄āṭîm*": "masculine plural noun - judgments",
"*gəḏōlîm*": "masculine plural adjective - great"
},
"variants": {
"*yišmaʿ*": "listen/hear/obey",
"*nātattî*": "put/place/set",
"*yādî*": "my hand/power/strength",
"*ṣiḇʾōtay*": "my hosts/armies/divisions",
"*šəp̄āṭîm*": "judgments/punishments/acts of judgment"
}
}
5 {
"verseID": "Exodus.7.5",
"source": "וְיָדְע֤וּ מִצְרַ֙יִם֙ כִּֽי־אֲנִ֣י יְהוָ֔ה בִּנְטֹתִ֥י אֶת־יָדִ֖י עַל־מִצְרָ֑יִם וְהוֹצֵאתִ֥י אֶת־בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מִתּוֹכָֽם",
"text": "And-*yādəʿû* *Miṣrayim* that-*ʾănî* *YHWH* in-*nəṭōtî* *ʾet*-*yādî* against-*Miṣrāyim* and-*hôṣēʾtî* *ʾet*-sons-of-*Yiśrāʾēl* from-midst-of-them",
"grammar": {
"*yādəʿû*": "qal perfect 3rd common plural - they will know",
"*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt/Egyptians",
"*ʾănî*": "1st person singular personal pronoun - I",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name",
"*nəṭōtî*": "qal infinitive construct with 1st singular suffix - my stretching out",
"*yādî*": "feminine singular noun with 1st singular suffix - my hand",
"*hôṣēʾtî*": "hiphil perfect 1st singular - I will bring out",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel"
},
"variants": {
"*yādəʿû*": "know/learn/recognize",
"*nəṭōtî*": "my stretching out/extending/reaching"
}
}
6 {
"verseID": "Exodus.7.6",
"source": "וַיַּ֥עַשׂ מֹשֶׁ֖ה וְאַהֲרֹ֑ן כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר צִוָּ֧ה יְהוָ֛ה אֹתָ֖ם כֵּ֥ן עָשֽׂוּ",
"text": "And-*wayyaʿaś* *Mōšeh* and-*ʾAhărōn* just-as *ṣiwwāh* *YHWH* *ʾōtām* so *ʿāśû*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyaʿaś*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he did",
"*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses",
"*ʾAhărōn*": "proper noun - Aaron",
"*ṣiwwāh*": "piel perfect 3rd masculine singular - he commanded",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name",
"*ʾōtām*": "direct object marker with 3rd masculine plural suffix - them",
"*ʿāśû*": "qal perfect 3rd common plural - they did"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿāśû*": "did/made/performed"
}
}
7 {
"verseID": "Exodus.7.7",
"source": "וּמֹשֶׁה֙ בֶּן־שְׁמֹנִ֣ים שָׁנָ֔ה וְאֽ͏ַהֲרֹ֔ן בֶּן־שָׁלֹ֥שׁ וּשְׁמֹנִ֖ים שָׁנָ֑ה בְּדַבְּרָ֖ם אֶל־פַּרְעֹֽה",
"text": "And-*Mōšeh* son-of-eighty *šānāh* and-*ʾAhărōn* son-of-three and-eighty *šānāh* in-*dabbərām* unto-*Parʿōh*",
"grammar": {
"*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses",
"*šānāh*": "feminine singular noun - year",
"*ʾAhărōn*": "proper noun - Aaron",
"*dabbərām*": "piel infinitive construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their speaking",
"*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh"
},
"variants": {
"*dabbərām*": "their speaking/talking to"
}
}
8 {
"verseID": "Exodus.7.8",
"source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוָ֔ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה וְאֶֽל־אַהֲרֹ֖ן לֵאמֹֽר",
"text": "And-*wayyōʾmer* *YHWH* unto-*Mōšeh* and-unto-*ʾAhărōn* *lēʾmōr*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyōʾmer*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he said",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name",
"*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses",
"*ʾAhărōn*": "proper noun - Aaron",
"*lēʾmōr*": "qal infinitive construct - saying"
},
"variants": {
"*lēʾmōr*": "saying/as follows"
}
}
9 {
"verseID": "Exodus.7.9",
"source": "כִּי֩ יְדַבֵּ֨ר אֲלֵכֶ֤ם פַּרְעֹה֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר תְּנ֥וּ לָכֶ֖ם מוֹפֵ֑ת וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֶֽל־אַהֲרֹ֗ן קַ֧ח אֶֽת־מַטְּךָ֛ וְהַשְׁלֵ֥ךְ לִפְנֵֽי־פַרְעֹ֖ה יְהִ֥י לְתַנִּֽין",
"text": "When *yədabbēr* to-you *Parʿōh* *lēʾmōr*, *tənû* to-you *môp̄ēt* and-*ʾāmartā* unto-*ʾAhărōn*, *qaḥ* *ʾet*-*maṭṭəkā* and-*hašlēk* before-*Parʿōh* *yəhî* to-*tannîn*",
"grammar": {
"*yədabbēr*": "piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he speaks",
"*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh",
"*lēʾmōr*": "qal infinitive construct - saying",
"*tənû*": "qal imperative masculine plural - give",
"*môp̄ēt*": "masculine singular noun - wonder/sign",
"*ʾāmartā*": "qal perfect 2nd masculine singular - you shall say",
"*ʾAhărōn*": "proper noun - Aaron",
"*qaḥ*": "qal imperative masculine singular - take",
"*maṭṭəkā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your staff",
"*hašlēk*": "hiphil imperative masculine singular - cast/throw",
"*yəhî*": "qal imperfect jussive 3rd masculine singular - let it become",
"*tannîn*": "masculine singular noun - serpent/dragon/monster"
},
"variants": {
"*môp̄ēt*": "wonder/sign/miracle/portent",
"*tannîn*": "serpent/sea monster/dragon/large reptile"
}
}
10 {
"verseID": "Exodus.7.10",
"source": "וַיָּבֹ֨א מֹשֶׁ֤ה וְאַהֲרֹן֙ אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֔ה וַיַּ֣עַשׂוּ כֵ֔ן כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר צִוָּ֣ה יְהוָ֑ה וַיַּשְׁלֵ֨ךְ אַהֲרֹ֜ן אֶת־מַטֵּ֗הוּ לִפְנֵ֥י פַרְעֹ֛ה וְלִפְנֵ֥י עֲבָדָ֖יו וַיְהִ֥י לְתַנִּֽין",
"text": "And-*wayyāḇōʾ* *Mōšeh* and-*ʾAhărōn* unto-*Parʿōh* and-*wayyaʿăśû* so just-as *ṣiwwāh* *YHWH* and-*wayyašlēk* *ʾAhărōn* *ʾet*-*maṭṭēhû* before *Parʿōh* and-before *ʿăḇāḏāyw* and-*wayəhî* to-*tannîn*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyāḇōʾ*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he came",
"*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses",
"*ʾAhărōn*": "proper noun - Aaron",
"*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh",
"*wayyaʿăśû*": "qal imperfect 3rd common plural with waw consecutive - and they did",
"*ṣiwwāh*": "piel perfect 3rd masculine singular - he commanded",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name",
"*wayyašlēk*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he cast",
"*maṭṭēhû*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his staff",
"*ʿăḇāḏāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his servants",
"*wayəhî*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and it became",
"*tannîn*": "masculine singular noun - serpent/dragon/monster"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿăḇāḏāyw*": "his servants/officials/attendants",
"*tannîn*": "serpent/sea monster/dragon/large reptile"
}
}
11 {
"verseID": "Exodus.7.11",
"source": "וַיִּקְרָא֙ גַּם־פַּרְעֹ֔ה לֽ͏ַחֲכָמִ֖ים וְלַֽמְכַשְּׁפִ֑ים וַיַּֽעֲשׂ֨וּ גַם־הֵ֜ם חַרְטֻמֵּ֥י מִצְרַ֛יִם בְּלַהֲטֵיהֶ֖ם כֵּֽן",
"text": "And-*wayyiqrāʾ* also-*Parʿōh* to-the-*ḥăḵāmîm* and-to-the-*məḵaššəp̄îm* and-*wayyaʿăśû* also-they *ḥarṭummê* *Miṣrayim* with-*lahaṭêhem* so",
"grammar": {
"*wayyiqrāʾ*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he called",
"*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh",
"*ḥăḵāmîm*": "masculine plural adjective - wise men",
"*məḵaššəp̄îm*": "piel participle masculine plural - sorcerers",
"*wayyaʿăśû*": "qal imperfect 3rd common plural with waw consecutive - and they did",
"*ḥarṭummê*": "masculine plural construct noun - magicians of",
"*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt",
"*lahaṭêhem*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their secret arts"
},
"variants": {
"*ḥăḵāmîm*": "wise men/sages/scholars",
"*məḵaššəp̄îm*": "sorcerers/magicians/enchanters",
"*ḥarṭummê*": "magicians/sacred scribes/interpreters",
"*lahaṭêhem*": "their secret arts/enchantments/magic"
}
}
12 {
"verseID": "Exodus.7.12",
"source": "וַיַּשְׁלִ֙יכוּ֙ אִ֣ישׁ מַטֵּ֔הוּ וַיִּהְי֖וּ לְתַנִּינִ֑ם וַיִּבְלַ֥ע מַטֵּֽה־אַהֲרֹ֖ן אֶת־מַטֹּתָֽם",
"text": "And-*wayyašlîḵû* *ʾîš* *maṭṭēhû* and-*wayyihyû* to-*tannînim* and-*wayyiḇlaʿ* staff-of-*ʾAhărōn* *ʾet*-*maṭṭōtām*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyašlîḵû*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd common plural with waw consecutive - and they cast",
"*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - each man",
"*maṭṭēhû*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his staff",
"*wayyihyû*": "qal imperfect 3rd common plural with waw consecutive - and they became",
"*tannînim*": "masculine plural noun - serpents/dragons/monsters",
"*wayyiḇlaʿ*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and it swallowed",
"*ʾAhărōn*": "proper noun - Aaron",
"*maṭṭōtām*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their staffs"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾîš*": "man/each/every",
"*tannînim*": "serpents/sea monsters/dragons/large reptiles",
"*wayyiḇlaʿ*": "swallowed/consumed/engulfed"
}
}
13 {
"verseID": "Exodus.7.13",
"source": "וַיֶּחֱזַק֙ לֵ֣ב פַּרְעֹ֔ה וְלֹ֥א שָׁמַ֖ע אֲלֵהֶ֑ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר דִּבֶּ֥ר יְהוָֽה",
"text": "And-*wayyeḥĕzaq* heart-of *Parʿōh* and-not *šāmaʿ* to-them just-as *dibbēr* *YHWH*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyeḥĕzaq*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and became strong",
"*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh",
"*šāmaʿ*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he listened",
"*dibbēr*": "piel perfect 3rd masculine singular - he had spoken",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyeḥĕzaq*": "became strong/hardened/was strengthened",
"*šāmaʿ*": "heard/listened/obeyed"
}
}
14 {
"verseID": "Exodus.7.14",
"source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה כָּבֵ֖ד לֵ֣ב פַּרְעֹ֑ה מֵאֵ֖ן לְשַׁלַּ֥ח הָעָֽם",
"text": "And-*wayyōʾmer* *YHWH* unto-*Mōšeh* *kāḇēḏ* heart-of *Parʿōh* *mēʾēn* to-*šallaḥ* the-*ʿām*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyōʾmer*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he said",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name",
"*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses",
"*kāḇēḏ*": "adjective masculine singular - heavy",
"*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh",
"*mēʾēn*": "piel perfect 3rd masculine singular - he refuses",
"*šallaḥ*": "piel infinitive construct - to send away",
"*ʿām*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the people"
},
"variants": {
"*kāḇēḏ*": "heavy/hardened/stubborn/unresponsive",
"*mēʾēn*": "refuses/is unwilling/declines",
"*šallaḥ*": "send away/let go/release"
}
}
15 {
"verseID": "Exodus.7.15",
"source": "לֵ֣ךְ אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֞ה בַּבֹּ֗קֶר הִנֵּה֙ יֹצֵ֣א הַמַּ֔יְמָה וְנִצַּבְתָּ֥ לִקְרָאת֖וֹ עַל־שְׂפַ֣ת הַיְאֹ֑ר וְהַמַּטֶּ֛ה אֲשֶׁר־נֶהְפַּ֥ךְ לְנָחָ֖שׁ תִּקַּ֥ח בְּיָדֶֽךָ",
"text": "*lēk* unto-*Parʿōh* in-the-*bōqer* *hinnēh* *yōṣēʾ* the-*maymāh* and-*niṣṣaḇtā* to-*liqrātô* upon-lip-of the-*yəʾōr* and-the-*maṭṭeh* which-*nehpak* to-*nāḥāš* *tiqqaḥ* in-*yāḏekā*",
"grammar": {
"*lēk*": "qal imperative masculine singular - go",
"*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh",
"*bōqer*": "masculine singular noun - morning",
"*hinnēh*": "interjection - behold",
"*yōṣēʾ*": "qal participle masculine singular - going out",
"*maymāh*": "masculine plural noun with directional hey - to the water",
"*niṣṣaḇtā*": "niphal perfect 2nd masculine singular - you shall stand",
"*liqrātô*": "qal infinitive construct with preposition and 3rd masculine singular suffix - to meet him",
"*yəʾōr*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the river/Nile",
"*maṭṭeh*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the staff",
"*nehpak*": "niphal perfect 3rd masculine singular - was turned",
"*nāḥāš*": "masculine singular noun - serpent",
"*tiqqaḥ*": "qal imperfect 2nd masculine singular - you shall take",
"*yāḏekā*": "feminine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your hand"
},
"variants": {
"*yəʾōr*": "river/stream/Nile/canal",
"*nehpak*": "was turned/transformed/changed",
"*nāḥāš*": "serpent/snake"
}
}
16 {
"verseID": "Exodus.7.16",
"source": "וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֵלָ֗יו יְהוָ֞ה אֱלֹהֵ֤י הָעִבְרִים֙ שְׁלָחַ֤נִי אֵלֶ֙יךָ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר שַׁלַּח֙ אֶת־עַמִּ֔י וְיַֽעַבְדֻ֖נִי בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר וְהִנֵּ֥ה לֹא־שָׁמַ֖עְתָּ עַד־כֹּֽה",
"text": "And-*ʾāmartā* unto-him *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhê* the-*ʿiḇrîm* *šəlāḥanî* unto-you *lēʾmōr* *šallaḥ* *ʾet*-*ʿammî* and-*yaʿaḇḏunî* in-the-*miḏbār* and-*hinnēh* not-*šāmaʿtā* until-*kōh*",
"grammar": {
"*ʾāmartā*": "qal perfect 2nd masculine singular - you shall say",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name",
"*ʾĕlōhê*": "masculine plural construct noun - God of",
"*ʿiḇrîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the Hebrews",
"*šəlāḥanî*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular with 1st singular suffix - he sent me",
"*lēʾmōr*": "qal infinitive construct - saying",
"*šallaḥ*": "piel imperative masculine singular - send away",
"*ʿammî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st singular suffix - my people",
"*yaʿaḇḏunî*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural with 1st singular suffix - they may serve me",
"*miḏbār*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the wilderness",
"*hinnēh*": "interjection - behold",
"*šāmaʿtā*": "qal perfect 2nd masculine singular - you have listened",
"*kōh*": "adverb - thus/here/now"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾĕlōhê*": "God of/deity of",
"*šallaḥ*": "send away/let go/release",
"*yaʿaḇḏunî*": "they may serve me/worship me/work for me",
"*miḏbār*": "wilderness/desert/uninhabited land",
"*šāmaʿtā*": "you have heard/listened/obeyed"
}
}
17 {
"verseID": "Exodus.7.17",
"source": "כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה בְּזֹ֣את תֵּדַ֔ע כִּ֖י אֲנִ֣י יְהוָ֑ה הִנֵּ֨ה אָנֹכִ֜י מַכֶּ֣ה ׀ בַּמַּטֶּ֣ה אֲשֶׁר־בְּיָדִ֗י עַל־הַמַּ֛יִם אֲשֶׁ֥ר בַּיְאֹ֖ר וְנֶהֶפְכ֥וּ לְדָֽם",
"text": "Thus *ʾāmar* *YHWH* by-this *tēḏaʿ* that *ʾănî* *YHWH* *hinnēh* *ʾānōḵî* *makkeh* with-the-*maṭṭeh* that-in-*yāḏî* upon-the-*mayim* that in-the-*yəʾōr* and-*neheḏkû* to-*ḏām*",
"grammar": {
"*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he says",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name",
"*tēḏaʿ*": "qal imperfect 2nd masculine singular - you will know",
"*ʾănî*": "1st person singular personal pronoun - I",
"*hinnēh*": "interjection - behold",
"*ʾānōḵî*": "1st person singular personal pronoun (emphatic) - I",
"*makkeh*": "hiphil participle masculine singular - striking",
"*maṭṭeh*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the staff",
"*yāḏî*": "feminine singular noun with 1st singular suffix - my hand",
"*mayim*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the water",
"*yəʾōr*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the river/Nile",
"*neheḏkû*": "niphal perfect 3rd common plural - they will be turned",
"*ḏām*": "masculine singular noun - blood"
},
"variants": {
"*tēḏaʿ*": "you will know/recognize/understand",
"*makkeh*": "striking/smiting/hitting",
"*neheḏkû*": "they will be turned/transformed/changed"
}
}
18 {
"verseID": "Exodus.7.18",
"source": "וְהַדָּגָ֧ה אֲשֶׁר־בַּיְאֹ֛ר תָּמ֖וּת וּבָאַ֣שׁ הַיְאֹ֑ר וְנִלְא֣וּ מִצְרַ֔יִם לִשְׁתּ֥וֹת מַ֖יִם מִן־הַיְאֹֽר",
"text": "And-the-*dāḡāh* that-in-the-*yəʾōr* *tāmût* and-*ḇāʾaš* the-*yəʾōr* and-*nilʾû* *Miṣrayim* to-*lištôt* *mayim* from-the-*yəʾōr*",
"grammar": {
"*dāḡāh*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the fish",
"*yəʾōr*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the river/Nile",
"*tāmût*": "qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - it will die",
"*ḇāʾaš*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - it will stink",
"*nilʾû*": "niphal perfect 3rd common plural - they will be weary",
"*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt",
"*lištôt*": "qal infinitive construct - to drink",
"*mayim*": "masculine plural noun - water"
},
"variants": {
"*ḇāʾaš*": "will stink/be foul/become putrid",
"*nilʾû*": "they will be weary/exhausted/unable"
}
}
19 {
"verseID": "Exodus.7.19",
"source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֗ה אֱמֹ֣ר אֶֽל־אַהֲרֹ֡ן קַ֣ח מַטְּךָ֣ וּנְטֵֽה־יָדְךָ֩ עַל־מֵימֵ֨י מִצְרַ֜יִם עַֽל־נַהֲרֹתָ֣ם ׀ עַל־יְאֹרֵיהֶ֣ם וְעַל־אַגְמֵיהֶ֗ם וְעַ֛ל כָּל־מִקְוֵ֥ה מֵימֵיהֶ֖ם וְיִֽהְיוּ־דָ֑ם וְהָ֤יָה דָם֙ בְּכָל־אֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם וּבָעֵצִ֖ים וּבָאֲבָנִֽים",
"text": "And-*wayyōʾmer* *YHWH* unto-*Mōšeh* *ʾĕmōr* unto-*ʾAhărōn* *qaḥ* *maṭṭəkā* and-*nəṭēh*-*yāḏəkā* upon-waters-of *Miṣrayim* upon-their-*nahărōtām* upon-their-*yəʾōrêhem* and-upon-their-*ʾaḡmêhem* and-upon all-*miqwēh* their-waters and-*yihyû*-*ḏām* and-*hāyāh* *ḏām* in-all-land-of *Miṣrayim* and-in-the-*ʿēṣîm* and-in-the-*ʾăḇānîm*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyōʾmer*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he said",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name",
"*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses",
"*ʾĕmōr*": "qal imperative masculine singular - say",
"*ʾAhărōn*": "proper noun - Aaron",
"*qaḥ*": "qal imperative masculine singular - take",
"*maṭṭəkā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your staff",
"*nəṭēh*": "qal imperative masculine singular - stretch out",
"*yāḏəkā*": "feminine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your hand",
"*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt",
"*nahărōtām*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their rivers",
"*yəʾōrêhem*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their streams",
"*ʾaḡmêhem*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their pools",
"*miqwēh*": "masculine singular construct - collection of",
"*yihyû*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they will become",
"*ḏām*": "masculine singular noun - blood",
"*hāyāh*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - there will be",
"*ʿēṣîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the wooden vessels",
"*ʾăḇānîm*": "feminine plural noun with definite article - the stone vessels"
},
"variants": {
"*nahărōtām*": "their rivers/streams/canals",
"*yəʾōrêhem*": "their streams/canals/channels",
"*ʾaḡmêhem*": "their pools/ponds/marshes",
"*miqwēh*": "collection/gathering/reservoir",
"*ʿēṣîm*": "wooden vessels/wooden containers/trees",
"*ʾăḇānîm*": "stone vessels/stones"
}
}
20 {
"verseID": "Exodus.7.20",
"source": "וַיַּֽעֲשׂוּ־כֵן֩ מֹשֶׁ֨ה וְאַהֲרֹ֜ן כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר ׀ צִוָּ֣ה יְהוָ֗ה וַיָּ֤רֶם בַּמַּטֶּה֙ וַיַּ֤ךְ אֶת־הַמַּ֙יִם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּיְאֹ֔ר לְעֵינֵ֣י פַרְעֹ֔ה וּלְעֵינֵ֖י עֲבָדָ֑יו וַיֵּהָֽפְכ֛וּ כָּל־הַמַּ֥יִם אֲשֶׁר־בַּיְאֹ֖ר לְדָֽם",
"text": "And-*wayyaʿăśû*-so *Mōšeh* and-*ʾAhărōn* just-as *ṣiwwāh* *YHWH* and-*wayyārem* with-the-*maṭṭeh* and-*wayyak* *ʾet*-the-*mayim* that in-the-*yəʾōr* to-eyes-of *Parʿōh* and-to-eyes-of *ʿăḇāḏāyw* and-*wayyēhāḏḵû* all-the-*mayim* that-in-the-*yəʾōr* to-*ḏām*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyaʿăśû*": "qal imperfect 3rd common plural with waw consecutive - and they did",
"*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses",
"*ʾAhărōn*": "proper noun - Aaron",
"*ṣiwwāh*": "piel perfect 3rd masculine singular - he commanded",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name",
"*wayyārem*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he lifted up",
"*maṭṭeh*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the staff",
"*wayyak*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he struck",
"*mayim*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the water",
"*yəʾōr*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the river/Nile",
"*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh",
"*ʿăḇāḏāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his servants",
"*wayyēhāḏḵû*": "niphal imperfect 3rd common plural with waw consecutive - and they were turned",
"*ḏām*": "masculine singular noun - blood"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyārem*": "he lifted up/raised up/elevated",
"*wayyak*": "he struck/hit/smote",
"*wayyēhāḏḵû*": "they were turned/changed/transformed"
}
}
21 {
"verseID": "Exodus.7.21",
"source": "וְהַדָּגָ֨ה אֲשֶׁר־בַּיְאֹ֥ר מֵ֙תָה֙ וַיִּבְאַ֣שׁ הַיְאֹ֔ר וְלֹא־יָכְל֣וּ מִצְרַ֔יִם לִשְׁתּ֥וֹת מַ֖יִם מִן־הַיְאֹ֑ר וַיְהִ֥י הַדָּ֖ם בְּכָל־אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם",
"text": "And-the-*dāḡāh* that-in-the-*yəʾōr* *mētāh* and-*wayyiḇʾaš* the-*yəʾōr* and-not-*yāḵəlû* *Miṣrayim* to-*lištôt* *mayim* from-the-*yəʾōr* and-*wayəhî* the-*dām* in-all-land-of *Miṣrāyim*",
"grammar": {
"*dāḡāh*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the fish",
"*yəʾōr*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the river/Nile",
"*mētāh*": "qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - died",
"*wayyiḇʾaš*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and stank",
"*yāḵəlû*": "qal perfect 3rd common plural - they were able",
"*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt",
"*lištôt*": "qal infinitive construct - to drink",
"*mayim*": "masculine plural noun - water",
"*wayəhî*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and there was",
"*dām*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the blood"
},
"variants": {
"*mētāh*": "died/perished",
"*wayyiḇʾaš*": "stank/became foul/putrid",
"*yāḵəlû*": "they were able/could/had power"
}
}
22 {
"verseID": "Exodus.7.22",
"source": "וַיַּֽעֲשׂוּ־כֵ֛ן חַרְטֻמֵּ֥י מִצְרַ֖יִם בְּלָטֵיהֶ֑ם וַיֶּחֱזַ֤ק לֵב־פַּרְעֹה֙ וְלֹא־שָׁמַ֣ע אֲלֵהֶ֔ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר דִּבֶּ֥ר יְהוָֽה",
"text": "And-*wayyaʿăśû*-so *ḥarṭummê* *Miṣrayim* with-*bəlāṭêhem* and-*wayyeḥĕzaq* heart-of-*Parʿōh* and-not-*šāmaʿ* to-them just-as *dibbēr* *YHWH*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyaʿăśû*": "qal imperfect 3rd common plural with waw consecutive - and they did",
"*ḥarṭummê*": "masculine plural construct noun - magicians of",
"*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt",
"*bəlāṭêhem*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their secret arts",
"*wayyeḥĕzaq*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and became strong",
"*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh",
"*šāmaʿ*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he listened",
"*dibbēr*": "piel perfect 3rd masculine singular - he had spoken",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name"
},
"variants": {
"*ḥarṭummê*": "magicians/sacred scribes/interpreters",
"*bəlāṭêhem*": "their secret arts/enchantments/magic (variant spelling of *lahaṭêhem*)",
"*wayyeḥĕzaq*": "became strong/hardened/was strengthened",
"*šāmaʿ*": "heard/listened/obeyed"
}
}
23 {
"verseID": "Exodus.7.23",
"source": "וַיִּ֣פֶן פַּרְעֹ֔ה וַיָּבֹ֖א אֶל־בֵּית֑וֹ וְלֹא־שָׁ֥ת לִבּ֖וֹ גַּם־לָזֹֽאת",
"text": "And-*wayyip̄en* *Parʿōh* and-*wayyāḇōʾ* unto-*bêtô* and-not-*šāt* *libbô* also-to-this",
"grammar": {
"*wayyip̄en*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he turned",
"*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh",
"*wayyāḇōʾ*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he came",
"*bêtô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his house",
"*šāt*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he set",
"*libbô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his heart"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyip̄en*": "he turned/turned away/faced away",
"*šāt*": "he set/applied/gave attention"
}
}
24 {
"verseID": "Exodus.7.24",
"source": "וַיַּחְפְּר֧וּ כָל־מִצְרַ֛יִם סְבִיבֹ֥ת הַיְאֹ֖ר מַ֣יִם לִשְׁתּ֑וֹת כִּ֣י לֹ֤א יָֽכְלוּ֙ לִשְׁתֹּ֔ת מִמֵּימֵ֖י הַיְאֹֽר",
"text": "And-*wayyaḥpərû* all-*Miṣrayim* *səḇîḇōt* the-*yəʾōr* *mayim* to-*lištôt* because not *yāḵəlû* to-*lištōt* from-waters-of the-*yəʾōr*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyaḥpərû*": "qal imperfect 3rd common plural with waw consecutive - and they dug",
"*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt",
"*səḇîḇōt*": "feminine plural noun construct - around",
"*yəʾōr*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the river/Nile",
"*mayim*": "masculine plural noun - water",
"*lištôt*": "qal infinitive construct - to drink",
"*yāḵəlû*": "qal perfect 3rd common plural - they were able"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyaḥpərû*": "they dug/excavated/searched for",
"*səḇîḇōt*": "around/surrounding/vicinity of"
}
}
25 {
"verseID": "Exodus.7.25",
"source": "וַיִּמָּלֵ֖א שִׁבְעַ֣ת יָמִ֑ים אַחֲרֵ֥י הַכּוֹת־יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־הַיְאֹֽר",
"text": "And-*wayyimmālēʾ* *šiḇʿat* *yāmîm* after *hakkôt*-*YHWH* *ʾet*-the-*yəʾōr*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyimmālēʾ*": "niphal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and were fulfilled",
"*šiḇʿat*": "feminine singular construct - seven of",
"*yāmîm*": "masculine plural noun - days",
"*hakkôt*": "hiphil infinitive construct - the striking of",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name",
"*yəʾōr*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the river/Nile"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyimmālēʾ*": "were fulfilled/completed/ended",
"*hakkôt*": "the striking/smiting/plague upon"
}
}
26 {
"verseID": "Exodus.7.26",
"source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה בֹּ֖א אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֑ה וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֵלָ֗יו כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה שַׁלַּ֥ח אֶת־עַמִּ֖י וְיַֽעַבְדֻֽנִי",
"text": "And-*wayyōʾmer* *YHWH* unto-*Mōšeh* *bōʾ* unto-*Parʿōh* and-*ʾāmartā* unto-him thus *ʾāmar* *YHWH* *šallaḥ* *ʾet*-*ʿammî* and-*yaʿaḇḏunî*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyōʾmer*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he said",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name",
"*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses",
"*bōʾ*": "qal imperative masculine singular - go/come",
"*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh",
"*ʾāmartā*": "qal perfect 2nd masculine singular - you shall say",
"*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he says",
"*šallaḥ*": "piel imperative masculine singular - send away",
"*ʿammî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st singular suffix - my people",
"*yaʿaḇḏunî*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural with paragogic nun and 1st singular suffix - they may serve me"
},
"variants": {
"*bōʾ*": "go/come/enter",
"*šallaḥ*": "send away/let go/release",
"*yaʿaḇḏunî*": "they may serve me/worship me/work for me"
}
}
27 {
"verseID": "Exodus.7.27",
"source": "וְאִם־מָאֵ֥ן אַתָּ֖ה לְשַׁלֵּ֑חַ הִנֵּ֣ה אָנֹכִ֗י נֹגֵ֛ף אֶת־כָּל־גְּבוּלְךָ֖ בַּֽצְפַרְדְּעִֽים",
"text": "And-if-*māʾēn* *ʾattāh* to-*šallēaḥ* *hinnēh* *ʾānōḵî* *nōḡēp̄* *ʾet*-all-*gəḇûləkā* with-the-*ṣəp̄ardəʿîm*",
"grammar": {
"*māʾēn*": "piel participle masculine singular - refusing",
"*ʾattāh*": "2nd masculine singular personal pronoun - you",
"*šallēaḥ*": "piel infinitive construct - to send away",
"*hinnēh*": "interjection - behold",
"*ʾānōḵî*": "1st person singular personal pronoun (emphatic) - I",
"*nōḡēp̄*": "qal participle masculine singular - smiting",
"*gəḇûləkā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your territory",
"*ṣəp̄ardəʿîm*": "feminine plural noun with definite article - the frogs"
},
"variants": {
"*māʾēn*": "refusing/unwilling/declining",
"*nōḡēp̄*": "smiting/striking/plaguing",
"*gəḇûləkā*": "your territory/border/domain",
"*ṣəp̄ardəʿîm*": "frogs/amphibians"
}
}
28 {
"verseID": "Exodus.7.28",
"source": "וְשָׁרַ֣ץ הַיְאֹר֮ צְפַרְדְּעִים֒ וְעָלוּ֙ וּבָ֣אוּ בְּבֵיתֶ֔ךָ וּבַחֲדַ֥ר מִשְׁכָּבְךָ֖ וְעַל־מִטָּתֶ֑ךָ וּבְבֵ֤ית עֲבָדֶ֙יךָ֙ וּבְעַמֶּ֔ךָ וּבְתַנּוּרֶ֖יךָ וּבְמִשְׁאֲרוֹתֶֽיךָ",
"text": "And-*šāraṣ* the-*yəʾōr* *ṣəp̄ardəʿîm* and-*ʿālû* and-*ḇāʾû* in-*bêteḵā* and-in-chamber-of *miškāḇəkā* and-upon-*miṭṭāteḵā* and-in-house-of *ʿăḇāḏeykā* and-in-*ʿammeḵā* and-in-*tannûreykā* and-in-*mišʾărôteykā*",
"grammar": {
"*šāraṣ*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - shall swarm",
"*yəʾōr*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the river/Nile",
"*ṣəp̄ardəʿîm*": "feminine plural noun - frogs",
"*ʿālû*": "qal perfect 3rd common plural - they shall come up",
"*ḇāʾû*": "qal perfect 3rd common plural - they shall come",
"*bêteḵā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your house",
"*miškāḇəkā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your bedroom",
"*miṭṭāteḵā*": "feminine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your bed",
"*ʿăḇāḏeykā*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your servants",
"*ʿammeḵā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your people",
"*tannûreykā*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your ovens",
"*mišʾărôteykā*": "feminine plural noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your kneading bowls"
},
"variants": {
"*šāraṣ*": "swarm/teem/breed abundantly",
"*ʿālû*": "come up/ascend/climb",
"*tannûreykā*": "your ovens/furnaces/cooking places",
"*mišʾărôteykā*": "your kneading bowls/kneading troughs"
}
}
29 {
"verseID": "Exodus.7.29",
"source": "וּבְכָ֥ה וּֽבְעַמְּךָ֖ וּבְכָל־עֲבָדֶ֑יךָ יַעֲל֖וּ הַֽצְפַרְדְּעִֽים",
"text": "And-on-*ḵāh* and-on-*ʿamməkā* and-on-all-*ʿăḇāḏeykā* *yaʿălû* the-*ṣəp̄ardəʿîm*",
"grammar": {
"*ḵāh*": "2nd masculine singular personal pronoun with preposition - on you",
"*ʿamməkā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your people",
"*ʿăḇāḏeykā*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your servants",
"*yaʿălû*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they will come up",
"*ṣəp̄ardəʿîm*": "feminine plural noun with definite article - the frogs"
},
"variants": {
"*yaʿălû*": "they will come up/ascend/climb"
}
}
1 {
"verseID": "Exodus.8.1",
"source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוָה֮ אֶל־מֹשֶׁה֒ אֱמֹ֣ר אֶֽל־אַהֲרֹ֗ן נְטֵ֤ה אֶת־יָדְךָ֙ בְּמַטֶּ֔ךָ עַל־הַ֨נְּהָרֹ֔ת עַל־הַיְאֹרִ֖ים וְעַל־הָאֲגַמִּ֑ים וְהַ֥עַל אֶת־הַֽצְפַרְדְּעִ֖ים עַל־אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃",
"text": "And *wə-yōʾmer* *YHWH* to *Mōšeh*, *ʾĕmōr* to *ʾAhărōn*, *nəṭēh* *ʾet*-your hand with your *maṭṭeh* upon the *nəhārōt*, upon the *yəʾōrîm* and upon the *ʾăgammîm*, and *haʿal* *ʾet*-the *ṣəpardəʿîm* upon *ʾereṣ* *Miṣrayim*.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/the LORD",
"*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses",
"*ʾĕmōr*": "Qal imperative, masculine singular - say/speak",
"*ʾAhărōn*": "proper noun - Aaron",
"*nəṭēh*": "Qal imperative, masculine singular - stretch out/extend",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*maṭṭeh*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - staff/rod",
"*nəhārōt*": "noun, masculine plural - rivers/streams",
"*yəʾōrîm*": "noun, masculine plural - Nile canals/streams",
"*ʾăgammîm*": "noun, masculine plural - pools/marshes",
"*haʿal*": "Hiphil imperative, masculine singular - cause to come up/bring up",
"*ṣəpardəʿîm*": "noun, feminine plural - frogs",
"*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land/earth",
"*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt"
},
"variants": {
"*nəṭēh*": "stretch out/extend/reach forth",
"*yəʾōrîm*": "Nile canals/irrigation channels/streams",
"*ʾăgammîm*": "pools/marshes/reservoirs/ponds",
"*haʿal*": "bring up/cause to ascend/make come up"
}
}
2 {
"verseID": "Exodus.8.2",
"source": "וַיֵּ֤ט אַהֲרֹן֙ אֶת־יָד֔וֹ עַ֖ל מֵימֵ֣י מִצְרָ֑יִם וַתַּ֙עַל֙ הַצְּפַרְדֵּ֔עַ וַתְּכַ֖ס אֶת־אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃",
"text": "And *wə-yēṭ* *ʾAhărōn* *ʾet*-his hand over *mêmê* *Miṣrayim*, and *wə-taʿal* the *ṣəpardēaʿ* and *wə-təkas* *ʾet*-*ʾereṣ* *Miṣrayim*.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yēṭ*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he stretched out",
"*ʾAhărōn*": "proper noun - Aaron",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*mêmê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - waters of",
"*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt",
"*wə-taʿal*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she/it came up",
"*ṣəpardēaʿ*": "noun, feminine singular (collective) - frog/frogs",
"*wə-təkas*": "waw consecutive + Piel imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she/it covered",
"*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land/earth"
},
"variants": {
"*ṣəpardēaʿ*": "frog (collective singular form used for plural 'frogs')"
}
}
3 {
"verseID": "Exodus.8.3",
"source": "וַיַּֽעֲשׂוּ־כֵ֥ן הֽ͏ַחֲרְטֻמִּ֖ים בְּלָטֵיהֶ֑ם וַיַּעֲל֥וּ אֶת־הַֽצְפַרְדְּעִ֖ים עַל־אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃",
"text": "And *wə-yaʿăśû*-so the *ḥarṭummîm* with their *lāṭêhem*, and they *wə-yaʿălû* *ʾet*-the *ṣəpardəʿîm* upon *ʾereṣ* *Miṣrayim*.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yaʿăśû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd common plural - and they did",
"*ḥarṭummîm*": "noun, masculine plural - magicians/sacred scribes",
"*lāṭêhem*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their secret arts/enchantments",
"*wə-yaʿălû*": "waw consecutive + Hiphil imperfect, 3rd common plural - and they brought up",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*ṣəpardəʿîm*": "noun, feminine plural - frogs",
"*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land/earth",
"*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt"
},
"variants": {
"*ḥarṭummîm*": "magicians/sacred scribes/soothsayers",
"*lāṭêhem*": "secret arts/enchantments/magical practices"
}
}
4 {
"verseID": "Exodus.8.4",
"source": "וַיִּקְרָ֨א פַרְעֹ֜ה לְמֹשֶׁ֣ה וּֽלְאַהֲרֹ֗ן וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ הַעְתִּ֣ירוּ אֶל־יְהוָ֔ה וְיָסֵר֙ הַֽצְפַרְדְּעִ֔ים מִמֶּ֖נִּי וּמֵֽעַמִּ֑י וַאֲשַׁלְּחָה֙ אֶת־הָעָ֔ם וְיִזְבְּח֖וּ לַיהוָֽה׃",
"text": "And *wə-yiqrāʾ* *Parʿōh* to *Mōšeh* and to *ʾAhărōn* and *wə-yōʾmer*, *haʿtîrû* to *YHWH* and *wə-yāsēr* the *ṣəpardəʿîm* from me and from my people, and *wə-ʾăšalləḥāh* *ʾet*-the people and they *wə-yizbəḥû* to *YHWH*.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yiqrāʾ*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he called",
"*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh",
"*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses",
"*ʾAhărōn*": "proper noun - Aaron",
"*wə-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*haʿtîrû*": "Hiphil imperative, masculine plural - entreat/pray/make supplication",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/the LORD",
"*wə-yāsēr*": "waw conjunctive + Hiphil jussive, 3rd masculine singular - and may he remove/take away",
"*ṣəpardəʿîm*": "noun, feminine plural - frogs",
"*wə-ʾăšalləḥāh*": "waw conjunctive + Piel cohortative, 1st common singular - and I will let go/send away",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*wə-yizbəḥû*": "waw conjunctive + Qal imperfect, 3rd common plural - and they may sacrifice"
},
"variants": {
"*haʿtîrû*": "entreat/pray/make supplication/intercede",
"*wə-yāsēr*": "may he remove/take away/get rid of",
"*wə-ʾăšalləḥāh*": "and I will let go/send away/release"
}
}
5 {
"verseID": "Exodus.8.5",
"source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֣ה לְפַרְעֹה֮ הִתְפָּאֵ֣ר עָלַי֒ לְמָתַ֣י ׀ אַעְתִּ֣יר לְךָ֗ וְלַעֲבָדֶ֙יךָ֙ וּֽלְעַמְּךָ֔ לְהַכְרִית֙ הַֽצֲפַרְדְּעִ֔ים מִמְּךָ֖ וּמִבָּתֶּ֑יךָ רַ֥ק בַּיְאֹ֖ר תִּשָּׁאַֽרְנָה׃",
"text": "And *wə-yōʾmer* *Mōšeh* to *Parʿōh*, *hitpāʾēr* over me, for when shall I *ʾaʿtîr* for you and for your servants and for your people, to *ləhakrît* the *ṣəparədəʿîm* from you and from your houses? Only in the *yəʾōr* they *tiššāʾarnāh*.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses",
"*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh",
"*hitpāʾēr*": "Hithpael imperative, masculine singular - glory/boast/honor yourself",
"*ʾaʿtîr*": "Hiphil imperfect, 1st common singular - I shall entreat/pray/make supplication",
"*ləhakrît*": "preposition + Hiphil infinitive construct - to cut off/destroy",
"*ṣəparədəʿîm*": "noun, feminine plural - frogs",
"*yəʾōr*": "noun, masculine singular - Nile/river",
"*tiššāʾarnāh*": "Niphal imperfect, 3rd feminine plural - they shall remain/be left"
},
"variants": {
"*hitpāʾēr*": "glory over me/boast against me/honor yourself over me/command me",
"*ləhakrît*": "to cut off/destroy/exterminate/extinguish",
"*yəʾōr*": "Nile/river/canal"
}
}
6 {
"verseID": "Exodus.8.6",
"source": "וַיֹּ֖אמֶר לְמָחָ֑ר וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ כִּדְבָ֣רְךָ֔ לְמַ֣עַן תֵּדַ֔ע כִּי־אֵ֖ין כַּיהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵֽינוּ׃",
"text": "And *wə-yōʾmer*, for *māḥār*. And *wə-yōʾmer*, according to your *didbārəkā*, so that *tēdaʿ* that there is none like *YHWH* our *ʾĕlōhênû*.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*māḥār*": "adverb - tomorrow",
"*didbārəkā*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your word",
"*tēdaʿ*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you may know",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/the LORD",
"*ʾĕlōhênû*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 1st common plural suffix - our God"
},
"variants": {
"*didbārəkā*": "your word/saying/command"
}
}
7 {
"verseID": "Exodus.8.7",
"source": "וְסָר֣וּ הַֽצְפַרְדְּעִ֗ים מִמְּךָ֙ וּמִבָּ֣תֶּ֔יךָ וּמֵעֲבָדֶ֖יךָ וּמֵעַמֶּ֑ךָ רַ֥ק בַּיְאֹ֖ר תִּשָּׁאַֽרְנָה׃",
"text": "And *wə-sārû* the *ṣəpardəʿîm* from you and from your houses and from your servants and from your people; only in the *yəʾōr* they *tiššāʾarnāh*.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-sārû*": "waw consecutive + Qal perfect, 3rd common plural - and they will depart/turn aside",
"*ṣəpardəʿîm*": "noun, feminine plural - frogs",
"*yəʾōr*": "noun, masculine singular - Nile/river",
"*tiššāʾarnāh*": "Niphal imperfect, 3rd feminine plural - they shall remain/be left"
},
"variants": {
"*wə-sārû*": "they will depart/turn aside/go away",
"*yəʾōr*": "Nile/river/canal"
}
}
8 {
"verseID": "Exodus.8.8",
"source": "וַיֵּצֵ֥א מֹשֶׁ֛ה וְאַהֲרֹ֖ן מֵעִ֣ם פַּרְעֹ֑ה וַיִּצְעַ֤ק מֹשֶׁה֙ אֶל־יְהוָ֔ה עַל־דְּבַ֥ר הַֽצְפַרְדְּעִ֖ים אֲשֶׁר־שָׂ֥ם לְפַרְעֹֽה׃",
"text": "And *wə-yēṣēʾ* *Mōšeh* and *ʾAhărōn* from with *Parʿōh*, and *wə-yiṣʿaq* *Mōšeh* unto *YHWH* concerning *dəbar* the *ṣəpardəʿîm* which he *śām* for *Parʿōh*.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yēṣēʾ*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he went out",
"*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses",
"*ʾAhărōn*": "proper noun - Aaron",
"*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh",
"*wə-yiṣʿaq*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he cried out",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/the LORD",
"*dəbar*": "noun, masculine singular construct - matter/word of",
"*ṣəpardəʿîm*": "noun, feminine plural - frogs",
"*śām*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he placed/put/appointed"
},
"variants": {
"*wə-yiṣʿaq*": "he cried out/called out/he prayed intensely",
"*dəbar*": "matter/word/affair/case",
"*śām*": "placed/put/appointed/established"
}
}
9 {
"verseID": "Exodus.8.9",
"source": "וַיַּ֥עַשׂ יְהוָ֖ה כִּדְבַ֣ר מֹשֶׁ֑ה וַיָּמֻ֙תוּ֙ הַֽצְפַרְדְּעִ֔ים מִן־הַבָּתִּ֥ים מִן־הַחֲצֵרֹ֖ת וּמִן־הַשָּׂדֹֽת׃",
"text": "And *wə-yaʿaś* *YHWH* according to *dəbar* *Mōšeh*, and *wə-yāmutû* the *ṣəpardəʿîm* from the houses, from the *ḥăṣērōt* and from the *śādōt*.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yaʿaś*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he did",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/the LORD",
"*dəbar*": "noun, masculine singular construct - word of",
"*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses",
"*wə-yāmutû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd common plural - and they died",
"*ṣəpardəʿîm*": "noun, feminine plural - frogs",
"*ḥăṣērōt*": "noun, feminine plural - courtyards/villages",
"*śādōt*": "noun, masculine plural - fields"
},
"variants": {
"*ḥăṣērōt*": "courtyards/enclosures/villages"
}
}
10 {
"verseID": "Exodus.8.10",
"source": "וַיִּצְבְּר֥וּ אֹתָ֖ם חֳמָרִ֣ם חֳמָרִ֑ם וַתִּבְאַ֖שׁ הָאָֽרֶץ׃",
"text": "And *wə-yiṣbərû* them *ḥŏmārîm* *ḥŏmārîm*, and *wə-tibʾaš* the *ʾāreṣ*.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yiṣbərû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd common plural - and they gathered",
"*ḥŏmārîm*": "noun, masculine plural - heaps",
"*wə-tibʾaš*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and it stank",
"*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular - land/earth"
},
"variants": {
"*ḥŏmārîm* *ḥŏmārîm*": "heaps upon heaps/many piles/numerous heaps",
"*wə-tibʾaš*": "it stank/became foul/putrid"
}
}
11 {
"verseID": "Exodus.8.11",
"source": "וַיַּ֣רְא פַּרְעֹ֗ה כִּ֤י הָֽיְתָה֙ הָֽרְוָחָ֔ה וְהַכְבֵּד֙ אֶת־לִבּ֔וֹ וְלֹ֥א שָׁמַ֖ע אֲלֵהֶ֑ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר דִּבֶּ֥ר יְהוָֽה׃ ס",
"text": "And *wə-yarʾ* *Parʿōh* that there *hāyətāh* the *hārəwāḥāh*, and *wə-hakbēd* *ʾet*-his heart, and he not *šāmaʿ* unto them, just as *dibber* *YHWH*.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yarʾ*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he saw",
"*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh",
"*hāyətāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she/it was",
"*hārəwāḥāh*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the relief/respite",
"*wə-hakbēd*": "waw consecutive + Hiphil infinitive absolute - and making heavy",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*šāmaʿ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he heard/listened",
"*dibber*": "Piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he spoke/said",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/the LORD"
},
"variants": {
"*hārəwāḥāh*": "relief/respite/breathing space",
"*wə-hakbēd*": "making heavy/hardening/making stubborn"
}
}
12 {
"verseID": "Exodus.8.12",
"source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוָה֮ אֶל־מֹשֶׁה֒ אֱמֹר֙ אֶֽל־אַהֲרֹ֔ן נְטֵ֣ה אֶֽת־מַטְּךָ֔ וְהַ֖ךְ אֶת־עֲפַ֣ר הָאָ֑רֶץ וְהָיָ֥ה לְכִנִּ֖ם בְּכָל־אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃",
"text": "And *wə-yōʾmer* *YHWH* unto *Mōšeh*, *ʾĕmōr* unto *ʾAhărōn*, *nəṭēh* *ʾet*-your *maṭṭəkā*, and *wə-hak* *ʾet*-*ʿăpar* the *ʾāreṣ*, and *wə-hāyāh* for *kinnîm* in all *ʾereṣ* *Miṣrayim*.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/the LORD",
"*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses",
"*ʾĕmōr*": "Qal imperative, masculine singular - say/speak",
"*ʾAhărōn*": "proper noun - Aaron",
"*nəṭēh*": "Qal imperative, masculine singular - stretch out/extend",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*maṭṭəkā*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your staff/rod",
"*wə-hak*": "waw conjunctive + Hiphil imperative, masculine singular - and strike/smite",
"*ʿăpar*": "noun, masculine singular construct - dust of",
"*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular - land/earth",
"*wə-hāyāh*": "waw consecutive + Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it shall become",
"*kinnîm*": "noun, masculine plural - gnats/lice",
"*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land/earth",
"*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt"
},
"variants": {
"*kinnîm*": "gnats/lice/mosquitoes/insects",
"*ʿăpar*": "dust/soil/dirt"
}
}
13 {
"verseID": "Exodus.8.13",
"source": "וַיַּֽעֲשׂוּ־כֵ֗ן וַיֵּט֩ אַהֲרֹ֨ן אֶת־יָד֤וֹ בְמַטֵּ֙הוּ֙ וַיַּךְ֙ אֶת־עֲפַ֣ר הָאָ֔רֶץ וַתְּהִי֙ הַכִּנָּ֔ם בָּאָדָ֖ם וּבַבְּהֵמָ֑ה כָּל־עֲפַ֥ר הָאָ֛רֶץ הָיָ֥ה כִנִּ֖ים בְּכָל־אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃",
"text": "And *wə-yaʿăśû*-so, and *wə-yēṭ* *ʾAhărōn* *ʾet*-his hand with his *maṭṭēhû* and *wə-yak* *ʾet*-*ʿăpar* the *ʾāreṣ*, and *wə-təhî* the *kinnām* on the *ʾādām* and on the *bəhēmāh*; all *ʿăpar* the *ʾāreṣ* *hāyāh* *kinnîm* in all *ʾereṣ* *Miṣrayim*.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yaʿăśû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd common plural - and they did",
"*wə-yēṭ*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he stretched out",
"*ʾAhărōn*": "proper noun - Aaron",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*maṭṭēhû*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his staff/rod",
"*wə-yak*": "waw consecutive + Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he struck",
"*ʿăpar*": "noun, masculine singular construct - dust of",
"*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular - land/earth",
"*wə-təhî*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she/it became",
"*kinnām*": "noun, feminine singular collective + definite article - the gnats/lice",
"*ʾādām*": "noun, masculine singular + definite article - the man/humankind",
"*bəhēmāh*": "noun, feminine singular + definite article - the beast/cattle",
"*hāyāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he/it was/became",
"*kinnîm*": "noun, masculine plural - gnats/lice",
"*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land/earth",
"*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt"
},
"variants": {
"*kinnām*": "gnats/lice/mosquitoes (collective)",
"*ʾādām*": "man/mankind/humankind/people",
"*bəhēmāh*": "beast/cattle/livestock"
}
}
14 {
"verseID": "Exodus.8.14",
"source": "וַיַּעֲשׂוּ־כֵ֨ן הַחַרְטֻמִּ֧ים בְּלָטֵיהֶ֛ם לְהוֹצִ֥יא אֶת־הַכִּנִּ֖ים וְלֹ֣א יָכֹ֑לוּ וַתְּהִי֙ הַכִּנָּ֔ם בָּאָדָ֖ם וּבַבְּהֵמָֽה׃",
"text": "And *wə-yaʿăśû*-so the *ḥarṭummîm* with their *lāṭêhem* *ləhôṣîʾ* *ʾet*-the *kinnîm*, and they not *yākōlû*. And *wə-təhî* the *kinnām* on the *ʾādām* and on the *bəhēmāh*.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yaʿăśû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd common plural - and they did",
"*ḥarṭummîm*": "noun, masculine plural + definite article - the magicians/sacred scribes",
"*lāṭêhem*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their secret arts/enchantments",
"*ləhôṣîʾ*": "preposition + Hiphil infinitive construct - to bring out",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*kinnîm*": "noun, masculine plural + definite article - the gnats/lice",
"*yākōlû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they were able",
"*wə-təhî*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she/it was",
"*kinnām*": "noun, feminine singular collective + definite article - the gnats/lice",
"*ʾādām*": "noun, masculine singular + definite article - the man/humankind",
"*bəhēmāh*": "noun, feminine singular + definite article - the beast/cattle"
},
"variants": {
"*ləhôṣîʾ*": "to bring out/produce/bring forth",
"*yākōlû*": "they were able/could/had power"
}
}
15 {
"verseID": "Exodus.8.15",
"source": "וַיֹּאמְר֤וּ הַֽחַרְטֻמִּים֙ אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֔ה אֶצְבַּ֥ע אֱלֹהִ֖ים הִ֑וא וַיֶּחֱזַ֤ק לֵב־פַּרְעֹה֙ וְלֹֽא־שָׁמַ֣ע אֲלֵהֶ֔ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר דִּבֶּ֥ר יְהוָֽה׃ ס",
"text": "And *wə-yōʾmərû* the *ḥarṭummîm* unto *Parʿōh*, *ʾeṣbaʿ* *ʾĕlōhîm* *hîwʾ*. And *wə-yeḥĕzaq* heart of *Parʿōh* and not-*šāmaʿ* unto them, just as *dibber* *YHWH*.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yōʾmərû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd common plural - and they said",
"*ḥarṭummîm*": "noun, masculine plural + definite article - the magicians/sacred scribes",
"*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh",
"*ʾeṣbaʿ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - finger of",
"*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural - God/gods",
"*hîwʾ*": "pronoun, 3rd feminine singular - she/it",
"*wə-yeḥĕzaq*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it became strong",
"*šāmaʿ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he heard/listened",
"*dibber*": "Piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he spoke/said",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/the LORD"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾeṣbaʿ* *ʾĕlōhîm*": "finger of God/divine intervention",
"*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/divine being",
"*wə-yeḥĕzaq*": "became strong/hardened/was strengthened"
}
}
16 {
"verseID": "Exodus.8.16",
"source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֗ה הַשְׁכֵּ֤ם בַּבֹּ֙קֶר֙ וְהִתְיַצֵּב֙ לִפְנֵ֣י פַרְעֹ֔ה הִנֵּ֖ה יוֹצֵ֣א הַמָּ֑יְמָה וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֵלָ֗יו כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה שַׁלַּ֥ח עַמִּ֖י וְיַֽעַבְדֻֽנִי׃",
"text": "And *wə-yōʾmer* *YHWH* unto *Mōšeh*, *haškēm* in the morning and *wə-hityaṣṣēb* before *Parʿōh*; behold, he going out to the *māyəmāh*. And *wə-ʾāmartā* unto him, thus *ʾāmar* *YHWH*, *šallaḥ* my people, and they *wə-yaʿabdunî*.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/the LORD",
"*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses",
"*haškēm*": "Hiphil imperative, masculine singular - rise early",
"*wə-hityaṣṣēb*": "waw conjunctive + Hithpael imperative, masculine singular - and station yourself",
"*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh",
"*māyəmāh*": "noun, masculine plural + directional he - to the waters",
"*wə-ʾāmartā*": "waw consecutive + Qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - and you shall say",
"*ʾāmar*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he said",
"*šallaḥ*": "Piel imperative, masculine singular - send away/let go",
"*wə-yaʿabdunî*": "waw conjunctive + Qal imperfect, 3rd common plural + 1st common singular suffix - and they may serve me"
},
"variants": {
"*haškēm*": "rise early/get up early",
"*wə-hityaṣṣēb*": "station yourself/present yourself/stand"
}
}
17 {
"verseID": "Exodus.8.17",
"source": "כִּ֣י אִם־אֵינְךָ֮ מְשַׁלֵּ֣חַ אֶת־עַמִּי֒ הִנְנִי֩ מַשְׁלִ֨יחַ בְּךָ֜ וּבַעֲבָדֶ֧יךָ וּֽבְעַמְּךָ֛ וּבְבָתֶּ֖יךָ אֶת־הֶעָרֹ֑ב וּמָ֨לְא֜וּ בָּתֵּ֤י מִצְרַ֙יִם֙ אֶת־הֶ֣עָרֹ֔ב וְגַ֥ם הָאֲדָמָ֖ה אֲשֶׁר־הֵ֥ם עָלֶֽיהָ׃",
"text": "For if you are not *məšallēaḥ* *ʾet*-my people, behold I am *mašlîaḥ* in you and in your servants and in your people and in your houses *ʾet*-the *ʿārōb*, and *wə-mālʾû* houses of *Miṣrayim* *ʾet*-the *ʿārōb*, and also the *ʾădāmāh* which they are upon it.",
"grammar": {
"*məšallēaḥ*": "Piel participle, masculine singular - sending away/letting go",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*mašlîaḥ*": "Hiphil participle, masculine singular - sending/causing to go",
"*ʿārōb*": "noun, masculine singular + definite article - the swarm/mixture",
"*wə-mālʾû*": "waw consecutive + Qal perfect, 3rd common plural - and they shall be full",
"*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt",
"*ʾădāmāh*": "noun, feminine singular + definite article - the ground/land"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿārōb*": "swarm/mixture/flies/insects",
"*mašlîaḥ*": "sending/causing to go/letting loose"
}
}
18 {
"verseID": "Exodus.8.18",
"source": "וְהִפְלֵיתִי֩ בַיּ֨וֹם הַה֜וּא אֶת־אֶ֣רֶץ גֹּ֗שֶׁן אֲשֶׁ֤ר עַמִּי֙ עֹמֵ֣ד עָלֶ֔יהָ לְבִלְתִּ֥י הֱיֽוֹת־שָׁ֖ם עָרֹ֑ב לְמַ֣עַן תֵּדַ֔ע כִּ֛י אֲנִ֥י יְהוָ֖ה בְּקֶ֥רֶב הָאָֽרֶץ׃",
"text": "And *wə-hipleytî* in the day the that *ʾet*-*ʾereṣ* *Gōšen* which my people *ʿōmēd* upon it, *ləbiltî* *hĕyôt*-there *ʿārōb*, so that *tēdaʿ* that I am *YHWH* in *qereb* the *ʾāreṣ*.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-hipleytî*": "waw consecutive + Hiphil perfect, 1st common singular - and I will set apart/distinguish",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land of",
"*Gōšen*": "proper noun - Goshen",
"*ʿōmēd*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - standing",
"*ləbiltî*": "preposition + particle of negation - so as not to",
"*hĕyôt*": "Qal infinitive construct - to be",
"*ʿārōb*": "noun, masculine singular - swarm/mixture",
"*tēdaʿ*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you may know",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/the LORD",
"*qereb*": "noun, masculine singular construct - midst of",
"*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular + definite article - the land/earth"
},
"variants": {
"*wə-hipleytî*": "I will set apart/distinguish/make a difference",
"*ləbiltî*": "so as not to/in order not to",
"*qereb*": "midst/middle/inner part"
}
}
19 {
"verseID": "Exodus.8.19",
"source": "וְשַׂמְתִּ֣י פְדֻ֔ת בֵּ֥ין עַמִּ֖י וּבֵ֣ין עַמֶּ֑ךָ לְמָחָ֥ר יִהְיֶ֖ה הָאֹ֥ת הַזֶּֽה׃",
"text": "And *wə-śamtî* *pədut* between my people and between your people; for *māḥār* *yihyeh* the *ʾōt* the this.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-śamtî*": "waw consecutive + Qal perfect, 1st common singular - and I will put/place",
"*pədut*": "noun, feminine singular - redemption/division/distinction",
"*māḥār*": "adverb - tomorrow",
"*yihyeh*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he/it will be",
"*ʾōt*": "noun, masculine singular + definite article - the sign"
},
"variants": {
"*pədut*": "division/distinction/redemption/separation",
"*ʾōt*": "sign/token/omen/miracle"
}
}
20 {
"verseID": "Exodus.8.20",
"source": "וַיַּ֤עַשׂ יְהוָה֙ כֵּ֔ן וַיָּבֹא֙ עָרֹ֣ב כָּבֵ֔ד בֵּ֥יתָה פַרְעֹ֖ה וּבֵ֣ית עֲבָדָ֑יו וּבְכָל־אֶ֧רֶץ מִצְרַ֛יִם תִּשָּׁחֵ֥ת הָאָ֖רֶץ מִפְּנֵ֥י הֶעָרֹֽב׃",
"text": "And *wə-yaʿaś* *YHWH* so, and *wə-yābōʾ* *ʿārōb* *kābēd* *bêtāh* *Parʿōh* and house of his servants; and in all *ʾereṣ* *Miṣrayim* *tiššāḥēt* the *ʾāreṣ* from before the *ʿārōb*.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yaʿaś*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he did",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/the LORD",
"*wə-yābōʾ*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he/it came",
"*ʿārōb*": "noun, masculine singular - swarm/mixture",
"*kābēd*": "adjective, masculine singular - heavy/severe",
"*bêtāh*": "noun, masculine singular + directional he - to house of",
"*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh",
"*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land of",
"*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt",
"*tiššāḥēt*": "Niphal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - she/it was ruined/corrupted",
"*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular + definite article - the land/earth",
"*ʿārōb*": "noun, masculine singular + definite article - the swarm/mixture"
},
"variants": {
"*kābēd*": "heavy/severe/grievous/massive",
"*tiššāḥēt*": "was ruined/corrupted/destroyed/laid waste"
}
}
21 {
"verseID": "Exodus.8.21",
"source": "וַיִּקְרָ֣א פַרְעֹ֔ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֖ה וּֽלְאַהֲרֹ֑ן וַיֹּ֗אמֶר לְכ֛וּ זִבְח֥וּ לֽ͏ֵאלֹהֵיכֶ֖ם בָּאָֽרֶץ׃",
"text": "And *wə-yiqrāʾ* *Parʿōh* unto *Mōšeh* and to *ʾAhărōn*, and *wə-yōʾmer*, *ləkû* *zibḥû* to your *lēʾlōhêkem* in the *ʾāreṣ*.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yiqrāʾ*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he called",
"*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh",
"*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses",
"*ʾAhărōn*": "proper noun - Aaron",
"*wə-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*ləkû*": "Qal imperative, masculine plural - go",
"*zibḥû*": "Qal imperative, masculine plural - sacrifice",
"*lēʾlōhêkem*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct + 2nd masculine plural suffix - to your God",
"*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular + definite article - the land"
},
"variants": {
"*zibḥû*": "sacrifice/slaughter/offer"
}
}
22 {
"verseID": "Exodus.8.22",
"source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֗ה לֹ֤א נָכוֹן֙ לַעֲשׂ֣וֹת כֵּ֔ן כִּ֚י תּוֹעֲבַ֣ת מִצְרַ֔יִם נִזְבַּ֖ח לַיהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵ֑ינוּ הֵ֣ן נִזְבַּ֞ח אֶת־תּוֹעֲבַ֥ת מִצְרַ֛יִם לְעֵינֵיהֶ֖ם וְלֹ֥א יִסְקְלֻֽנוּ׃",
"text": "And *wə-yōʾmer* *Mōšeh*, not *nākôn* to do so, for *tôʿăbat* *Miṣrayim* we *nizbaḥ* to *YHWH* our *ʾĕlōhênû*. Behold, shall we *nizbaḥ* *ʾet*-*tôʿăbat* *Miṣrayim* before their eyes and they not *yisqəlunû*?",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses",
"*nākôn*": "Niphal participle, masculine singular - established/proper",
"*tôʿăbat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - abomination of",
"*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt",
"*nizbaḥ*": "Qal imperfect, 1st common plural - we will sacrifice",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/the LORD",
"*ʾĕlōhênû*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 1st common plural suffix - our God",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*yisqəlunû*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural + 1st common plural suffix - they will stone us"
},
"variants": {
"*nākôn*": "established/proper/right/fitting",
"*tôʿăbat*": "abomination/detestable thing/abhorrence",
"*yisqəlunû*": "they will stone us/kill us by stoning"
}
}
23 {
"verseID": "Exodus.8.23",
"source": "דֶּ֚רֶךְ שְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת יָמִ֔ים נֵלֵ֖ךְ בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר וְזָבַ֙חְנוּ֙ לַֽיהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵ֔ינוּ כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר יֹאמַ֥ר אֵלֵֽינוּ׃",
"text": "*Derek* *šəlōšet* *yāmîm* we *nēlēk* in the *midbār*, and *wə-zābaḥnû* to *YHWH* our *ʾĕlōhênû*, just as *yōʾmar* unto us.",
"grammar": {
"*Derek*": "noun, masculine singular construct - way/journey of",
"*šəlōšet*": "noun, feminine singular construct - three of",
"*yāmîm*": "noun, masculine plural - days",
"*nēlēk*": "Qal imperfect, 1st common plural - we will go",
"*midbār*": "noun, masculine singular + definite article - the wilderness/desert",
"*wə-zābaḥnû*": "waw consecutive + Qal perfect, 1st common plural - and we will sacrifice",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/the LORD",
"*ʾĕlōhênû*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 1st common plural suffix - our God",
"*yōʾmar*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will say"
},
"variants": {
"*Derek*": "way/journey/road/path",
"*midbār*": "wilderness/desert/uninhabited land"
}
}
24 {
"verseID": "Exodus.8.24",
"source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר פַּרְעֹ֗ה אָנֹכִ֞י אֲשַׁלַּ֤ח אֶתְכֶם֙ וּזְבַחְתֶּ֞ם לַיהוָ֤ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶם֙ בַּמִּדְבָּ֔ר רַ֛ק הַרְחֵ֥ק לֹא־תַרְחִ֖יקוּ לָלֶ֑כֶת הַעְתִּ֖ירוּ בַּעֲדִֽי׃",
"text": "And *wə-yōʾmer* *Parʿōh*, I *ʾănî* *ʾăšallaḥ* you and *û-zəbaḥtem* to *YHWH* your *ʾĕlōhêkem* in the *midbār*, only going far *harḥēq* not *tarḥîqû* to go. *Haʿtîrû* for me.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh",
"*ʾănî*": "1st person singular independent pronoun - I",
"*ʾăšallaḥ*": "Piel imperfect, 1st common singular - I will send away",
"*û-zəbaḥtem*": "waw conjunctive + Qal perfect, 2nd masculine plural - and you shall sacrifice",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/the LORD",
"*ʾĕlōhêkem*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 2nd masculine plural suffix - your God",
"*midbār*": "noun, masculine singular + definite article - the wilderness",
"*harḥēq*": "Hiphil infinitive absolute - going far",
"*tarḥîqû*": "Hiphil imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you shall go far",
"*Haʿtîrû*": "Hiphil imperative, masculine plural - entreat/pray/make supplication"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾăšallaḥ*": "I will send away/let go/release",
"*harḥēq*": "going far/going a great distance",
"*Haʿtîrû*": "entreat/pray/make supplication/intercede"
}
}
25 {
"verseID": "Exodus.8.25",
"source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֗ה הִנֵּ֨ה אָנֹכִ֜י יוֹצֵ֤א מֵֽעִמָּךְ֙ וְהַעְתַּרְתִּ֣י אֶל־יְהוָ֔ה וְסָ֣ר הֶעָרֹ֗ב מִפַּרְעֹ֛ה מֵעֲבָדָ֥יו וּמֵעַמּ֖וֹ מָחָ֑ר רַ֗ק אַל־יֹסֵ֤ף פַּרְעֹה֙ הָתֵ֔ל לְבִלְתִּי֙ שַׁלַּ֣ח אֶת־הָעָ֔ם לִזְבֹּ֖חַ לַֽיהוָֽה׃",
"text": "And *wə-yōʾmer* *Mōšeh*, behold I *ʾānōkî* *yôṣēʾ* from with you and *wə-haʿtartî* unto *YHWH*, and *wə-sār* the *ʿārōb* from *Parʿōh*, from his servants and from his people tomorrow. Only not *yōsēp* *Parʿōh* *hātēl* so as not to *šallaḥ* *ʾet*-the people to *lizbōaḥ* to *YHWH*.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses",
"*ʾānōkî*": "1st person singular independent pronoun - I",
"*yôṣēʾ*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - going out",
"*wə-haʿtartî*": "waw consecutive + Hiphil perfect, 1st common singular - and I will entreat/pray",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/the LORD",
"*wə-sār*": "waw consecutive + Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he/it will turn aside/depart",
"*ʿārōb*": "noun, masculine singular + definite article - the swarm/mixture",
"*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh",
"*yōsēp*": "Hiphil jussive, 3rd masculine singular - let him add/continue",
"*hātēl*": "Hiphil infinitive absolute - deceiving/dealing falsely",
"*šallaḥ*": "Piel infinitive construct - to send away/let go",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*lizbōaḥ*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to sacrifice"
},
"variants": {
"*wə-haʿtartî*": "and I will pray/entreat/intercede",
"*wə-sār*": "will turn aside/depart/go away",
"*hātēl*": "deceiving/dealing falsely/mocking"
}
}
26 {
"verseID": "Exodus.8.26",
"source": "וַיֵּצֵ֥א מֹשֶׁ֖ה מֵעִ֣ם פַּרְעֹ֑ה וַיֶּעְתַּ֖ר אֶל־יְהוָֽה׃",
"text": "And *wə-yēṣēʾ* *Mōšeh* from with *Parʿōh* and *wə-yeʿtar* unto *YHWH*.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yēṣēʾ*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he went out",
"*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses",
"*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh",
"*wə-yeʿtar*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he prayed/entreated",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/the LORD"
},
"variants": {
"*wə-yeʿtar*": "prayed/entreated/made supplication"
}
}
27 {
"verseID": "Exodus.8.27",
"source": "וַיַּ֤עַשׂ יְהוָה֙ כִּדְבַ֣ר מֹשֶׁ֔ה וַיָּ֙סַר֙ הֶעָרֹ֔ב מִפַּרְעֹ֖ה מֵעֲבָדָ֣יו וּמֵעַמּ֑וֹ לֹ֥א נִשְׁאַ֖ר אֶחָֽד׃",
"text": "And *wə-yaʿaś* *YHWH* according to *dəbar* *Mōšeh*, and *wə-yāsar* the *ʿārōb* from *Parʿōh*, from his servants and from his people; not *nišʾar* one.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yaʿaś*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he did",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/the LORD",
"*dəbar*": "noun, masculine singular construct - word of",
"*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses",
"*wə-yāsar*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he removed",
"*ʿārōb*": "noun, masculine singular + definite article - the swarm/mixture",
"*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh",
"*nišʾar*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he/it remained/was left"
},
"variants": {
"*wə-yāsar*": "removed/took away/turned aside",
"*nišʾar*": "remained/was left/stayed"
}
}
28 {
"verseID": "Exodus.8.28",
"source": "וַיַּכְבֵּ֤ד פַּרְעֹה֙ אֶת־לִבּ֔וֹ גַּ֖ם בַּפַּ֣עַם הַזֹּ֑את וְלֹ֥א שִׁלַּ֖ח אֶת־הָעָֽם׃ פ",
"text": "And *wə-yakbēd* *Parʿōh* *ʾet*-his heart also in the *paʿam* the this, and not *šillaḥ* *ʾet*-the people.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yakbēd*": "waw consecutive + Piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he made heavy",
"*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*paʿam*": "noun, feminine singular + definite article - the time/occurrence",
"*šillaḥ*": "Piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he sent away/let go"
},
"variants": {
"*wə-yakbēd*": "made heavy/hardened/made stubborn",
"*paʿam*": "time/occurrence/instance"
}
}
1 {
"verseID": "Exodus.9.1",
"source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה בֹּ֖א אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֑ה וְדִבַּרְתָּ֣ אֵלָ֗יו כֹּֽה־אָמַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י הָֽעִבְרִ֔ים שַׁלַּ֥ח אֶת־עַמִּ֖י וְיַֽעַבְדֻֽנִי",
"text": "And *wayōʾmer* *YHWH* to *Mōšeh*, *bōʾ* to *Parʿōh* and *wədibbartā* to him, Thus *ʾāmar* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhê* the *hāʿibrîm*, *šallaḥ* *ʾet*-my people and *wəyaʿabdūnî*",
"grammar": {
"*wayōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name",
"*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses",
"*bōʾ*": "imperative, masculine singular - go/come",
"*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh",
"*wədibbartā*": "waw-consecutive perfect, 2nd masculine singular - and you shall speak",
"*ʾāmar*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular - said/says",
"*ʾĕlōhê*": "construct state, masculine plural - God of",
"*hāʿibrîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the Hebrews",
"*šallaḥ*": "imperative, masculine singular, Piel form - send away/let go",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*wəyaʿabdūnî*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine plural + 1st singular suffix - and they shall serve me"
},
"variants": {
"*bōʾ*": "come/go/enter",
"*šallaḥ*": "send away/release/let go",
"*wəyaʿabdūnî*": "serve me/worship me/work for me"
}
}
2 {
"verseID": "Exodus.9.2",
"source": "כִּ֛י אִם־מָאֵ֥ן אַתָּ֖ה לְשַׁלֵּ֑חַ וְעוֹדְךָ֖ מַחֲזִ֥יק בָּֽם",
"text": "For if *māʾēn* you *ləšallēaḥ* and *wəʿōdəkā* *maḥăzîq* in them",
"grammar": {
"*māʾēn*": "participle, masculine singular, Piel form - refusing",
"*ləšallēaḥ*": "preposition + infinitive construct, Piel form - to send away/release",
"*wəʿōdəkā*": "conjunction + adverb + 2nd masculine singular suffix - and still you",
"*maḥăzîq*": "participle, masculine singular, Hiphil form - holding/strengthening/seizing"
},
"variants": {
"*māʾēn*": "refusing/declining",
"*ləšallēaḥ*": "to send away/to release/to let go",
"*maḥăzîq*": "holding fast/seizing/strengthening/retaining"
}
}
3 {
"verseID": "Exodus.9.3",
"source": "הִנֵּ֨ה יַד־יְהוָ֜ה הוֹיָ֗ה בְּמִקְנְךָ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּשָּׂדֶ֔ה בַּסּוּסִ֤ים בַּֽחֲמֹרִים֙ בַּגְּמַלִּ֔ים בַּבָּקָ֖ר וּבַצֹּ֑אן דֶּ֖בֶר כָּבֵ֥ד מְאֹֽד",
"text": "*Hinnēh* *yad*-*YHWH* *hōyāh* on your *bəmiqnəkā* that in the *baśśādeh*, on the *bassûsîm*, on the *baḥămōrîm*, on the *baggəmallîm*, on the *babbāqār* and on the *ṣōʾn*, *deber* *kābēd* *məʾōd*",
"grammar": {
"*Hinnēh*": "demonstrative particle - behold/look",
"*yad*": "construct state, feminine singular - hand of",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name",
"*hōyāh*": "participle, feminine singular, Qal form - being/happening/occurring",
"*bəmiqnəkā*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - on your livestock",
"*baśśādeh*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - in the field",
"*bassûsîm*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine plural - on the horses",
"*baḥămōrîm*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine plural - on the donkeys",
"*baggəmallîm*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine plural - on the camels",
"*babbāqār*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular collective - on the cattle",
"*ṣōʾn*": "noun, feminine singular collective - sheep/flock",
"*deber*": "noun, masculine singular - plague/pestilence",
"*kābēd*": "adjective, masculine singular - heavy/severe",
"*məʾōd*": "adverb - very/exceedingly"
},
"variants": {
"*hōyāh*": "being/occurring/coming",
"*deber*": "plague/pestilence/disease",
"*kābēd*": "heavy/severe/grievous"
}
}
4 {
"verseID": "Exodus.9.4",
"source": "וְהִפְלָ֣ה יְהוָ֔ה בֵּ֚ין מִקְנֵ֣ה יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וּבֵ֖ין מִקְנֵ֣ה מִצְרָ֑יִם וְלֹ֥א יָמ֛וּת מִכָּל־לִבְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל דָּבָֽר",
"text": "And *wəhiplāh* *YHWH* between *miqnēh* *Yiśrāʾēl* and between *miqnēh* *Miṣrāyim*, and not *yāmût* from all belonging to *libnê* *Yiśrāʾēl* *dābār*",
"grammar": {
"*wəhiplāh*": "waw-consecutive perfect, 3rd masculine singular, Hiphil form - and he will distinguish/separate",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name",
"*miqnēh*": "noun, masculine singular construct - livestock of",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*miqnēh*": "noun, masculine singular construct - livestock of",
"*Miṣrāyim*": "proper noun - Egypt",
"*yāmût*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, Qal form - will die",
"*libnê*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct - to sons of/belonging to",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*dābār*": "noun, masculine singular - thing/anything"
},
"variants": {
"*wəhiplāh*": "will distinguish/will separate/will make a distinction",
"*yāmût*": "will die/shall die",
"*dābār*": "thing/matter/word"
}
}
5 {
"verseID": "Exodus.9.5",
"source": "וַיָּ֥שֶׂם יְהוָ֖ה מוֹעֵ֣ד לֵאמֹ֑ר מָחָ֗ר יַעֲשֶׂ֧ה יְהוָ֛ה הַדָּבָ֥ר הַזֶּ֖ה בָּאָֽרֶץ",
"text": "And *wayyāśem* *YHWH* *môʿēd* *lēʾmōr*, *māḥār* *yaʿăśeh* *YHWH* the *haddābār* *hazzeh* in the *bāʾāreṣ*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyāśem*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, Qal form - and he set/appointed",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name",
"*môʿēd*": "noun, masculine singular - appointed time/meeting",
"*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + infinitive construct, Qal form - saying",
"*māḥār*": "adverb - tomorrow",
"*yaʿăśeh*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, Qal form - he will do/make",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name",
"*haddābār*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the thing/word",
"*hazzeh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this",
"*bāʾāreṣ*": "preposition + definite article + noun, feminine singular - in the land"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyāśem*": "set/appointed/established",
"*môʿēd*": "appointed time/set time/meeting",
"*yaʿăśeh*": "will do/will perform/will execute",
"*haddābār*": "thing/word/matter"
}
}
6 {
"verseID": "Exodus.9.6",
"source": "וַיַּ֨עַשׂ יְהוָ֜ה אֶת־הַדָּבָ֤ר הַזֶּה֙ מִֽמָּחֳרָ֔ת וַיָּ֕מָת כֹּ֖ל מִקְנֵ֣ה מִצְרָ֑יִם וּמִמִּקְנֵ֥ה בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֹא־מֵ֥ת אֶחָֽד",
"text": "And *wayyaʿaś* *YHWH* *ʾet*-the *haddābār* *hazzeh* *mimmāḥŏrāt* and *wayyāmāt* all *miqnēh* *Miṣrāyim*, and from *mimmiqnēh* *bənê*-*Yiśrāʾēl* not *mēt* *ʾeḥād*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyaʿaś*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, Qal form - and he did/made",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*haddābār*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the thing/word",
"*hazzeh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this",
"*mimmāḥŏrāt*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - from the next day",
"*wayyāmāt*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, Qal form - and died",
"*miqnēh*": "noun, masculine singular construct - livestock of",
"*Miṣrāyim*": "proper noun - Egypt",
"*mimmiqnēh*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - from the livestock of",
"*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*mēt*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular, Qal form - died",
"*ʾeḥād*": "number, cardinal - one"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyaʿaś*": "did/performed/executed",
"*mimmāḥŏrāt*": "from the next day/the following day",
"*wayyāmāt*": "died/perished",
"*mēt*": "died/perished"
}
}
7 {
"verseID": "Exodus.9.7",
"source": "וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח פַּרְעֹ֔ה וְהִנֵּ֗ה לֹא־מֵ֛ת מִמִּקְנֵ֥ה יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל עַד־אֶחָ֑ד וַיִּכְבַּד֙ לֵ֣ב פַּרְעֹ֔ה וְלֹ֥א שִׁלַּ֖ח אֶת־הָעָֽם",
"text": "And *wayyišlaḥ* *Parʿōh* and *wəhinnēh* not *mēt* from *mimmiqnēh* *Yiśrāʾēl* even *ʿad*-*ʾeḥād*, and *wayyikbad* *lēb* *Parʿōh* and not *šillaḥ* *ʾet*-the people",
"grammar": {
"*wayyišlaḥ*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, Qal form - and he sent",
"*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh",
"*wəhinnēh*": "conjunction + demonstrative particle - and behold",
"*mēt*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular, Qal form - died",
"*mimmiqnēh*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - from the livestock of",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*ʿad*": "preposition - as far as/even",
"*ʾeḥād*": "number, cardinal - one",
"*wayyikbad*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, Qal form - and it was heavy/was hardened",
"*lēb*": "noun, masculine singular construct - heart of",
"*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh",
"*šillaḥ*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular, Piel form - sent away/let go",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyišlaḥ*": "sent/dispatched",
"*wayyikbad*": "was hardened/became heavy/was stubborn",
"*šillaḥ*": "sent away/let go/released"
}
}
8 {
"verseID": "Exodus.9.8",
"source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוָה֮ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֣ה וְאֶֽל־אַהֲרֹן֒ קְח֤וּ לָכֶם֙ מְלֹ֣א חָפְנֵיכֶ֔ם פִּ֖יחַ כִּבְשָׁ֑ן וּזְרָק֥וֹ מֹשֶׁ֛ה הַשָּׁמַ֖יְמָה לְעֵינֵ֥י פַרְעֹֽה",
"text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *YHWH* to *Mōšeh* and to *ʾAhărōn*, *qəḥû* for yourselves *məlōʾ* *ḥāfnêkem* *pîaḥ* *kibšān*, and *ûzərāqô* *Mōšeh* to the *haššāmaymāh* before the eyes of *farʿōh*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, Qal form - and he said",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name",
"*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses",
"*ʾAhărōn*": "proper noun - Aaron",
"*qəḥû*": "imperative, masculine plural, Qal form - take",
"*məlōʾ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - fullness of",
"*ḥāfnêkem*": "noun, feminine dual + 2nd masculine plural suffix - your handfuls",
"*pîaḥ*": "noun, masculine singular - soot/ash",
"*kibšān*": "noun, masculine singular - furnace/kiln",
"*ûzərāqô*": "conjunction + perfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix, Qal form - and he shall toss it",
"*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses",
"*haššāmaymāh*": "definite article + noun, masculine dual + locative suffix - toward the heavens",
"*farʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh"
},
"variants": {
"*məlōʾ*": "fullness of/handful of",
"*pîaḥ*": "soot/ash/dust",
"*kibšān*": "furnace/kiln",
"*ûzərāqô*": "toss it/throw it/scatter it"
}
}
9 {
"verseID": "Exodus.9.9",
"source": "וְהָיָ֣ה לְאָבָ֔ק עַ֖ל כָּל־אֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם וְהָיָ֨ה עַל־הָאָדָ֜ם וְעַל־הַבְּהֵמָ֗ה לִשְׁחִ֥ין פֹּרֵ֛חַ אֲבַעְבֻּעֹ֖ת בְּכָל־אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם",
"text": "And *wəhāyāh* to *ləʾābāq* on all-*ʾereṣ* *Miṣrāyim* and *wəhāyāh* on the *hāʾādām* and on the *habbəhēmāh* to *lišəḥîn* *pōrēaḥ* *ʾăbaʿbûʿōt* in all-*ʾereṣ* *Miṣrāyim*",
"grammar": {
"*wəhāyāh*": "conjunction + perfect, 3rd masculine singular, Qal form - and it will be/become",
"*ləʾābāq*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - to dust/fine powder",
"*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land of",
"*Miṣrāyim*": "proper noun - Egypt",
"*wəhāyāh*": "conjunction + perfect, 3rd masculine singular, Qal form - and it will be/become",
"*hāʾādām*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the man/mankind",
"*habbəhēmāh*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the beast/livestock",
"*lišəḥîn*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - to boil/inflamed spot",
"*pōrēaḥ*": "participle, masculine singular, Qal form - breaking out/sprouting",
"*ʾăbaʿbûʿōt*": "noun, feminine plural - blisters/boils",
"*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land of",
"*Miṣrāyim*": "proper noun - Egypt"
},
"variants": {
"*ləʾābāq*": "dust/fine powder/ash",
"*lišəḥîn*": "boil/inflamed spot/eruption",
"*pōrēaḥ*": "breaking out/sprouting/bursting forth",
"*ʾăbaʿbûʿōt*": "blisters/boils/pustules"
}
}
10 {
"verseID": "Exodus.9.10",
"source": "וַיִּקְח֞וּ אֶת־פִּ֣יחַ הַכִּבְשָׁ֗ן וַיַּֽעַמְדוּ֙ לִפְנֵ֣י פַרְעֹ֔ה וַיִּזְרֹ֥ק אֹת֛וֹ מֹשֶׁ֖ה הַשָּׁמָ֑יְמָה וַיְהִ֗י שְׁחִין֙ אֲבַעְבֻּעֹ֔ת פֹּרֵ֕חַ בָּאָדָ֖ם וּבַבְּהֵמָֽה",
"text": "And *wayyiqḥû* *ʾet*-*pîaḥ* the *hakkibšān* and *wayyaʿamdû* before *farʿōh* and *wayyizrōq* *ʾōtô* *Mōšeh* to the *haššāmāymāh*, and *wayəhî* *šəḥîn* *ʾăbaʿbûʿōt* *pōrēaḥ* on the *bāʾādām* and on the *babbəhēmāh*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyiqḥû*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine plural, Qal form - and they took",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*pîaḥ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - soot/ash of",
"*hakkibšān*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the furnace/kiln",
"*wayyaʿamdû*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine plural, Qal form - and they stood",
"*farʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh",
"*wayyizrōq*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, Qal form - and he threw",
"*ʾōtô*": "direct object marker + 3rd masculine singular suffix - it",
"*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses",
"*haššāmāymāh*": "definite article + noun, masculine dual + locative suffix - toward the heavens",
"*wayəhî*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, Qal form - and it became",
"*šəḥîn*": "noun, masculine singular - boil/inflamed spot",
"*ʾăbaʿbûʿōt*": "noun, feminine plural - blisters/boils",
"*pōrēaḥ*": "participle, masculine singular, Qal form - breaking out/sprouting",
"*bāʾādām*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - on the man/mankind",
"*babbəhēmāh*": "preposition + definite article + noun, feminine singular - on the beast/livestock"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyiqḥû*": "took/received",
"*pîaḥ*": "soot/ash/dust",
"*wayyaʿamdû*": "stood/presented themselves",
"*wayyizrōq*": "threw/tossed/scattered",
"*šəḥîn*": "boil/inflamed spot/eruption",
"*pōrēaḥ*": "breaking out/sprouting/bursting forth"
}
}
11 {
"verseID": "Exodus.9.11",
"source": "וְלֹֽא־יָכְל֣וּ הֽ͏ַחַרְטֻמִּ֗ים לַעֲמֹ֛ד לִפְנֵ֥י מֹשֶׁ֖ה מִפְּנֵ֣י הַשְּׁחִ֑ין כִּֽי־הָיָ֣ה הַשְּׁחִ֔ין בּֽ͏ַחֲרְטֻמִּ֖ם וּבְכָל־מִצְרָֽיִם",
"text": "And not *yākəlû* the *haḥarṭummîm* *laʿămōd* before *Mōšeh* from presence of the *haššəḥîn* because *kî*-*hāyāh* the *haššəḥîn* on the *baḥărṭummîm* and on all-*Miṣrāyim*",
"grammar": {
"*yākəlû*": "perfect, 3rd masculine plural, Qal form - they were able",
"*haḥarṭummîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the magicians/scholars",
"*laʿămōd*": "preposition + infinitive construct, Qal form - to stand",
"*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses",
"*haššəḥîn*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the boil/inflamed spot",
"*kî*": "conjunction - because/for",
"*hāyāh*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular, Qal form - was/happened",
"*haššəḥîn*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the boil/inflamed spot",
"*baḥărṭummîm*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine plural - on the magicians/scholars",
"*Miṣrāyim*": "proper noun - Egypt"
},
"variants": {
"*yākəlû*": "were able/could/had power to",
"*haḥarṭummîm*": "magicians/scholars/sacred scribes",
"*laʿămōd*": "to stand/to present themselves/to withstand",
"*haššəḥîn*": "boil/inflamed spot/eruption"
}
}
12 {
"verseID": "Exodus.9.12",
"source": "וַיְחַזֵּ֤ק יְהוָה֙ אֶת־לֵ֣ב פַּרְעֹ֔ה וְלֹ֥א שָׁמַ֖ע אֲלֵהֶ֑ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר דִּבֶּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶֽׁה",
"text": "And *wayəḥazzēq* *YHWH* *ʾet*-*lēb* *Parʿōh* and not *šāmaʿ* to them as which *dibber* *YHWH* to *Mōšeh*",
"grammar": {
"*wayəḥazzēq*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, Piel form - and he strengthened/hardened",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*lēb*": "noun, masculine singular construct - heart of",
"*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh",
"*šāmaʿ*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular, Qal form - he listened/heard",
"*dibber*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular, Piel form - he spoke",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name",
"*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses"
},
"variants": {
"*wayəḥazzēq*": "strengthened/hardened/made firm",
"*lēb*": "heart/mind/will",
"*šāmaʿ*": "listened/heard/obeyed",
"*dibber*": "spoke/said/declared"
}
}
13 {
"verseID": "Exodus.9.13",
"source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה הַשְׁכֵּ֣ם בַּבֹּ֔קֶר וְהִתְיַצֵּ֖ב לִפְנֵ֣י פַרְעֹ֑ה וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֵלָ֗יו כֹּֽה־אָמַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י הָֽעִבְרִ֔ים שַׁלַּ֥ח אֶת־עַמִּ֖י וְיַֽעַבְדֻֽנִי",
"text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *YHWH* to *Mōšeh*, *haškēm* in the *babbōqer* and *wəhityaṣṣēb* before *Parʿōh* and *wəʾāmartā* to him, Thus *kōh*-*ʾāmar* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhê* the *hāʿibrîm*, *šallaḥ* *ʾet*-my people and *wəyaʿabdūnî*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, Qal form - and he said",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name",
"*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses",
"*haškēm*": "imperative, masculine singular, Hiphil form - rise early",
"*babbōqer*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - in the morning",
"*wəhityaṣṣēb*": "conjunction + imperative, masculine singular, Hitpael form - and present yourself",
"*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh",
"*wəʾāmartā*": "conjunction + perfect, 2nd masculine singular, Qal form - and you shall say",
"*kōh*": "adverb - thus/so",
"*ʾāmar*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular, Qal form - said/says",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name",
"*ʾĕlōhê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - God of",
"*hāʿibrîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the Hebrews",
"*šallaḥ*": "imperative, masculine singular, Piel form - send away/let go",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*wəyaʿabdūnî*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd masculine plural + 1st singular suffix, Qal form - and they shall serve me"
},
"variants": {
"*haškēm*": "rise early/get up early",
"*wəhityaṣṣēb*": "present yourself/station yourself/stand firm",
"*kōh*": "thus/so/in this manner",
"*šallaḥ*": "send away/release/let go",
"*wəyaʿabdūnî*": "serve me/worship me/work for me"
}
}
14 {
"verseID": "Exodus.9.14",
"source": "כִּ֣י ׀ בַּפַּ֣עַם הַזֹּ֗את אֲנִ֨י שֹׁלֵ֜חַ אֶת־כָּל־מַגֵּפֹתַי֙ אֶֽל־לִבְּךָ֔ וּבַעֲבָדֶ֖יךָ וּבְעַמֶּ֑ךָ בַּעֲב֣וּר תֵּדַ֔ע כִּ֛י אֵ֥ין כָּמֹ֖נִי בְּכָל־הָאָֽרֶץ",
"text": "For in the *bappaʿam* *hazzōʾt* I *šōlēaḥ* *ʾet*-all-my *maggēfōtay* to your *libbəkā* and against your *baʿăbādeykā* and against your *bəʿammekā*, for the purpose that *tēdaʿ* that there is none like me in all-the *hāʾāreṣ*",
"grammar": {
"*bappaʿam*": "preposition + definite article + noun, feminine singular - in the time/instance",
"*hazzōʾt*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun, feminine singular - this",
"*šōlēaḥ*": "participle, masculine singular, Qal form - sending",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*maggēfōtay*": "noun, feminine plural + 1st person singular suffix - my plagues",
"*libbəkā*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your heart",
"*baʿăbādeykā*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural + 2nd masculine singular suffix - against your servants",
"*bəʿammekā*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - against your people",
"*tēdaʿ*": "imperfect, 2nd masculine singular, Qal form - you may know",
"*hāʾāreṣ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the earth/land"
},
"variants": {
"*bappaʿam*": "time/instance/occurrence",
"*šōlēaḥ*": "sending/letting loose",
"*maggēfōtay*": "plagues/blows/strokes",
"*libbəkā*": "heart/mind/inner person",
"*tēdaʿ*": "know/recognize/acknowledge"
}
}
15 {
"verseID": "Exodus.9.15",
"source": "כִּ֤י עַתָּה֙ שָׁלַ֣חְתִּי אֶת־יָדִ֔י וָאַ֥ךְ אוֹתְךָ֛ וְאֶֽת־עַמְּךָ֖ בַּדָּ֑בֶר וַתִּכָּחֵ֖ד מִן־הָאָֽרֶץ",
"text": "For now *šālaḥtî* *ʾet*-my *yādî* and *wāʾak* you and *wəʾet*-your people with the *baddāber* and *wattikkāḥēd* from the *hāʾāreṣ*",
"grammar": {
"*šālaḥtî*": "perfect, 1st singular, Qal form - I sent",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*yādî*": "noun, feminine singular + 1st singular suffix - my hand",
"*wāʾak*": "conjunction + imperfect, 1st singular, Hiphil form - and I struck",
"*wəʾet*": "conjunction + direct object marker",
"*baddāber*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - with the pestilence",
"*wattikkāḥēd*": "conjunction + imperfect, 2nd masculine singular, Niphal form - and you were cut off",
"*hāʾāreṣ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the earth/land"
},
"variants": {
"*šālaḥtî*": "sent/stretched out/extended",
"*yādî*": "hand/power",
"*wāʾak*": "struck/smote",
"*baddāber*": "pestilence/plague/disease",
"*wattikkāḥēd*": "were cut off/were destroyed/perished"
}
}
16 {
"verseID": "Exodus.9.16",
"source": "וְאוּלָ֗ם בַּעֲב֥וּר זֹאת֙ הֶעֱמַדְתִּ֔יךָ בַּעֲב֖וּר הַרְאֹתְךָ֣ אֶת־כֹּחִ֑י וּלְמַ֛עַן סַפֵּ֥ר שְׁמִ֖י בְּכָל־הָאָֽרֶץ",
"text": "But *wəʾûlām* for purpose of *baʿăbûr* this *heʿĕmadtîkā* for purpose of *baʿăbûr* *harʾōtəkā* *ʾet*-my *kōḥî* and so that *ûləmaʿan* *sappēr* my *šəmî* in all-the *hāʾāreṣ*",
"grammar": {
"*wəʾûlām*": "conjunction + adverb - but/however",
"*baʿăbûr*": "preposition - for the sake of/because of",
"*heʿĕmadtîkā*": "perfect, 1st person singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix, Hiphil form - I have caused you to stand",
"*baʿăbûr*": "preposition - for the sake of/because of",
"*harʾōtəkā*": "infinitive construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix, Hiphil form - to show you",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*kōḥî*": "noun, masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix - my power",
"*ûləmaʿan*": "conjunction + preposition - and so that/in order that",
"*sappēr*": "infinitive construct, Piel form - to declare/tell",
"*šəmî*": "noun, masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix - my name",
"*hāʾāreṣ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the earth/land"
},
"variants": {
"*wəʾûlām*": "but/however/nevertheless",
"*heʿĕmadtîkā*": "I have caused you to stand/raised you up/maintained you",
"*harʾōtəkā*": "to show you/to cause you to see",
"*kōḥî*": "power/strength/might",
"*sappēr*": "declare/recount/proclaim"
}
}
17 {
"verseID": "Exodus.9.17",
"source": "עוֹדְךָ֖ מִסְתּוֹלֵ֣ל בְּעַמִּ֑י לְבִלְתִּ֖י שַׁלְּחָֽם׃",
"text": "Still-you *mistōlēl* against-*'ammî* to-not *šallᵊḥām*.",
"grammar": {
"*'ōdᵊḵā*": "adverb + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - still/yet you",
"*mistōlēl*": "hitpael participle, masculine singular - exalting yourself/being obstinate",
"*bᵊ'ammî*": "preposition + noun + 1st person singular suffix - against my people",
"*lᵊbiltî*": "preposition + negative particle - to not/so as not to",
"*šallᵊḥām*": "piel infinitive construct + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - send them away/let them go"
},
"variants": {
"*mistōlēl*": "exalting yourself/being obstinate/acting insolently/setting yourself against",
"*šallᵊḥām*": "send them away/release them/let them go"
}
}
18 {
"verseID": "Exodus.9.18",
"source": "הִנְנִ֤י מַמְטִיר֙ כָּעֵ֣ת מָחָ֔ר בָּרָ֖ד כָּבֵ֣ד מְאֹ֑ד אֲשֶׁ֨ר לֹא־הָיָ֤ה כָמֹ֙הוּ֙ בְּמִצְרַ֔יִם לְמִן־הַיּ֥וֹם הִוָּסְדָ֖ה וְעַד־עָֽתָּה׃",
"text": "Behold-I *mamṭîr* about-time tomorrow *bārād* *kāḇēḏ* very which not-was like-it in-*miṣrayim* from-the-day *hiwwāsᵊḏāh* and-until-now.",
"grammar": {
"*hinᵊnî*": "demonstrative particle + 1st person singular suffix - behold me/I am",
"*mamṭîr*": "hiphil participle, masculine singular - causing to rain/raining",
"*kā'ēt māḥār*": "prepositional phrase + temporal noun - about this time tomorrow",
"*bārād*": "noun, masculine singular - hail",
"*kāḇēḏ*": "adjective, masculine singular - heavy/severe",
"*mᵊ'ōḏ*": "adverb - very/exceedingly",
"*'ăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that",
"*lō'-hāyāh*": "negative particle + qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - has not been",
"*kāmōhû*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - like it",
"*bᵊmiṣrayim*": "preposition + proper noun - in Egypt",
"*lᵊmin-hayyôm*": "compound preposition + definite article + noun - from the day",
"*hiwwāsᵊḏāh*": "niphal infinitive construct + 3rd feminine singular suffix - its founding/establishment",
"*wᵊ'aḏ-'āttāh*": "conjunction + preposition + adverb - and until now"
},
"variants": {
"*mamṭîr*": "causing rain/bringing down/sending down",
"*bārād*": "hail/hailstorm",
"*kāḇēḏ*": "heavy/severe/intense/grievous",
"*hiwwāsᵊḏāh*": "its foundation/its establishment/when it was founded"
}
}
19 {
"verseID": "Exodus.9.19",
"source": "וְעַתָּ֗ה שְׁלַ֤ח הָעֵז֙ אֶֽת־מִקְנְךָ֔ וְאֵ֛ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר לְךָ֖ בַּשָּׂדֶ֑ה כָּל־הָאָדָ֨ם וְהַבְּהֵמָ֜ה אֲשֶֽׁר־יִמָּצֵ֣א בַשָּׂדֶ֗ה וְלֹ֤א יֵֽאָסֵף֙ הַבַּ֔יְתָה וְיָרַ֧ד עֲלֵהֶ֛ם הַבָּרָ֖ד וָמֵֽתוּ׃",
"text": "And-now *šᵊlaḥ* *hā'ēz* *'et*-*miqnᵊḵā* and-*'ēt* all-which to-you in-the-field all-the-*'āḏām* and-the-*bᵊhēmāh* which-*yimmāṣē'* in-the-field and-not *yē'āsēp̄* the-house-ward and-will-come-down upon-them the-*bārād* and-they-will-die.",
"grammar": {
"*wᵊ'attāh*": "conjunction + adverb - and now",
"*šᵊlaḥ*": "qal imperative, masculine singular - send",
"*hā'ēz*": "hiphil imperative, masculine singular - bring to safety/hasten",
"*'et-miqnᵊḵā*": "direct object marker + noun + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your livestock",
"*wᵊ'ēt*": "conjunction + direct object marker - and [marker]",
"*kol-'ăšer lᵊḵā*": "construct phrase + relative pronoun + preposition + 2nd masculine singular suffix - all that belongs to you",
"*baśśāḏeh*": "preposition + definite article + noun - in the field",
"*kol-hā'āḏām*": "construct + definite article + noun - all the people/humans",
"*wᵊhabbᵊhēmāh*": "conjunction + definite article + noun - and the livestock/cattle",
"*'ăšer-yimmāṣē'*": "relative pronoun + niphal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - which is found/will be found",
"*baśśāḏeh*": "preposition + definite article + noun - in the field",
"*wᵊlō' yē'āsēp̄*": "conjunction + negative particle + niphal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and is not gathered",
"*habbayᵊtāh*": "definite article + noun + directional suffix - to the house/homeward",
"*wᵊyāraḏ*": "conjunction + qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - and will come down",
"*'ălēhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - upon them",
"*habbārāḏ*": "definite article + noun - the hail",
"*wāmētû*": "conjunction + qal perfect 3rd common plural - and they will die"
},
"variants": {
"*hā'ēz*": "bring to safety/secure/hasten away/gather",
"*'āḏām*": "human/person/mankind",
"*bᵊhēmāh*": "livestock/cattle/animals",
"*yimmāṣē'*": "will be found/is found/remains",
"*yē'āsēp̄*": "is gathered/brought in/collected"
}
}
20 {
"verseID": "Exodus.9.20",
"source": "הַיָּרֵא֙ אֶת־דְּבַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה מֵֽעַבְדֵ֖י פַּרְעֹ֑ה הֵנִ֛יס אֶת־עֲבָדָ֥יו וְאֶת־מִקְנֵ֖הוּ אֶל־הַבָּתִּֽים׃",
"text": "The one-fearing *'et*-word-of *YHWH* from-servants-of *par'ōh* caused-to-flee *'et*-servants-his and-*'et*-livestock-his to-the-houses.",
"grammar": {
"*hayyārē'*": "definite article + qal participle, masculine singular - the one fearing",
"*'et-dᵊḇar*": "direct object marker + construct noun - the word of",
"*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD",
"*mē'aḇḏê*": "preposition + construct plural noun - from servants of",
"*par'ōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh",
"*hēnîs*": "hiphil perfect 3rd masculine singular - caused to flee/brought to safety",
"*'et-'ăḇāḏāw*": "direct object marker + noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his servants",
"*wᵊ'et-miqnēhû*": "conjunction + direct object marker + noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and his livestock",
"*'el-habbāttîm*": "preposition + definite article + plural noun - to the houses"
},
"variants": {
"*hayyārē'*": "the one fearing/the fearful one/who feared",
"*hēnîs*": "caused to flee/brought to safety/hurried away",
"*'ăḇāḏāw*": "his servants/his slaves/his officials"
}
}
21 {
"verseID": "Exodus.9.21",
"source": "וַאֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־שָׂ֛ם לִבּ֖וֹ אֶל־דְּבַ֣ר יְהוָ֑ה וַֽיַּעֲזֹ֛ב אֶת־עֲבָדָ֥יו וְאֶת־מִקְנֵ֖הוּ בַּשָּׂדֶֽה׃ פ",
"text": "And-who not-*śām* heart-his to-word-of *YHWH* and-he-left *'et*-servants-his and-*'et*-livestock-his in-the-field.",
"grammar": {
"*wa'ăšer*": "conjunction + relative pronoun - and who/but whoever",
"*lō'-śām*": "negative particle + qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - did not place/set",
"*libbô*": "noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his heart",
"*'el-dᵊḇar*": "preposition + construct noun - to the word of",
"*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD",
"*wayya'ăzōḇ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he left/abandoned",
"*'et-'ăḇāḏāw*": "direct object marker + noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his servants",
"*wᵊ'et-miqnēhû*": "conjunction + direct object marker + noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and his livestock",
"*baśśāḏeh*": "preposition + definite article + noun - in the field"
},
"variants": {
"*śām libbô*": "set his heart/paid attention/regarded/took seriously",
"*wayya'ăzōḇ*": "left/abandoned/forsook/left behind"
}
}
22 {
"verseID": "Exodus.9.22",
"source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה נְטֵ֤ה אֶת־יָֽדְךָ֙ עַל־הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וִיהִ֥י בָרָ֖ד בְּכָל־אֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם עַל־הָאָדָ֣ם וְעַל־הַבְּהֵמָ֗ה וְעַ֛ל כָּל־עֵ֥שֶׂב הַשָּׂדֶ֖ה בְּאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃",
"text": "And-*yō'mer* *YHWH* to-*mōšeh* stretch *'et*-hand-your over-the-heavens and-let-be *bārāḏ* in-all-land-of *miṣrayim* upon-the-*'āḏām* and-upon-the-*bᵊhēmāh* and-upon all-*'ēśeḇ* the-field in-land-of *miṣrayim*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyō'mer*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD",
"*'el-mōšeh*": "preposition + proper noun - to Moses",
"*nᵊṭēh*": "qal imperative, masculine singular - stretch out/extend",
"*'et-yāḏᵊḵā*": "direct object marker + noun + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your hand",
"*'al-haššāmayim*": "preposition + definite article + noun - toward the heavens",
"*wîhî*": "conjunction + qal jussive 3rd masculine singular - and let there be",
"*ḇārāḏ*": "noun, masculine singular - hail",
"*bᵊḵol-'ereṣ*": "preposition + construct noun - in all the land of",
"*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt",
"*'al-hā'āḏām*": "preposition + definite article + noun - upon the people/humans",
"*wᵊ'al-habbᵊhēmāh*": "conjunction + preposition + definite article + noun - and upon the livestock",
"*wᵊ'al kol-'ēśeḇ*": "conjunction + preposition + construct - and upon all vegetation",
"*haśśāḏeh*": "definite article + noun - of the field",
"*bᵊ'ereṣ miṣrayim*": "preposition + construct + proper noun - in the land of Egypt"
},
"variants": {
"*nᵊṭēh*": "stretch out/extend/reach out",
"*bārāḏ*": "hail/hailstorm",
"*'āḏām*": "human/man/mankind",
"*bᵊhēmāh*": "beast/cattle/livestock",
"*'ēśeḇ*": "vegetation/plant/herb/grass"
}
}
23 {
"verseID": "Exodus.9.23",
"source": "וַיֵּ֨ט מֹשֶׁ֣ה אֶת־מַטֵּהוּ֮ עַל־הַשָּׁמַיִם֒ וַֽיהוָ֗ה נָתַ֤ן קֹלֹת֙ וּבָרָ֔ד וַתִּ֥הֲלַךְ אֵ֖שׁ אָ֑רְצָה וַיַּמְטֵ֧ר יְהוָ֛ה בָּרָ֖ד עַל־אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃",
"text": "And-*yēṭ* *mōšeh* *'et*-staff-his over-the-heavens and-*YHWH* *nātan* thunders and-*bārāḏ* and-*tihălaḵ* *'ēš* earthward and-*yamṭēr* *YHWH* *bārāḏ* upon-land-of *miṣrayim*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyēṭ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he stretched out",
"*mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses",
"*'et-maṭṭēhû*": "direct object marker + noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his staff",
"*'al-haššāmayim*": "preposition + definite article + noun - toward the heavens",
"*waYHWH*": "conjunction + divine name - and Yahweh/the LORD",
"*nātan*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - gave/sent",
"*qōlōt*": "noun, masculine plural - sounds/voices/thunders",
"*ûḇārāḏ*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and hail",
"*wattihălaḵ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - and went/moved/ran",
"*'ēš*": "noun, feminine singular - fire",
"*'ārᵊṣāh*": "noun + directional suffix - to the earth/ground",
"*wayyamṭēr*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he caused to rain",
"*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD",
"*bārāḏ*": "noun, masculine singular - hail",
"*'al-'ereṣ miṣrayim*": "preposition + construct + proper noun - upon the land of Egypt"
},
"variants": {
"*nātan*": "gave/sent/delivered/produced",
"*qōlōt*": "thunders/voices/sounds",
"*tihălaḵ*": "went/ran/flashed/traveled",
"*'ēš*": "fire/lightning",
"*yamṭēr*": "caused to rain/rained down/sent down"
}
}
24 {
"verseID": "Exodus.9.24",
"source": "וַיְהִ֣י בָרָ֔ד וְאֵ֕שׁ מִתְלַקַּ֖חַת בְּת֣וֹךְ הַבָּרָ֑ד כָּבֵ֣ד מְאֹ֔ד אֲ֠שֶׁר לֹֽא־הָיָ֤ה כָמֹ֙הוּ֙ בְּכָל־אֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם מֵאָ֖ז הָיְתָ֥ה לְגֽוֹי׃",
"text": "And-was *bārāḏ* and-*'ēš* *mitlaqqaḥat* within the-*bārāḏ* *kāḇēḏ* very which not-was like-it in-all-land-of *miṣrayim* from-when it-became to-nation.",
"grammar": {
"*wayᵊhî*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and there was",
"*ḇārāḏ*": "noun, masculine singular - hail",
"*wᵊ'ēš*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular - and fire",
"*mitlaqqaḥat*": "hitpael participle, feminine singular - taking hold of itself/flashing",
"*bᵊtôḵ*": "preposition + construct noun - in the midst of",
"*habbārāḏ*": "definite article + noun - the hail",
"*kāḇēḏ*": "adjective, masculine singular - heavy/severe",
"*mᵊ'ōḏ*": "adverb - very/exceedingly",
"*'ăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that",
"*lō'-hāyāh*": "negative particle + qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - had not been",
"*ḵāmōhû*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - like it",
"*bᵊḵol-'ereṣ miṣrayim*": "preposition + construct + proper noun - in all the land of Egypt",
"*mē'āz*": "preposition + adverb - from when/since",
"*hāyᵊtāh*": "qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - it became/was",
"*lᵊḡôy*": "preposition + noun - into a nation"
},
"variants": {
"*mitlaqqaḥat*": "flashing/taking hold of itself/mingled/intertwined",
"*kāḇēḏ*": "heavy/severe/intense/grievous",
"*mē'āz hāyᵊtāh lᵊḡôy*": "since it became a nation/from when it was established as a country"
}
}
25 {
"verseID": "Exodus.9.25",
"source": "וַיַּ֨ךְ הַבָּרָ֜ד בְּכָל־אֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֗יִם אֵ֚ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּשָּׂדֶ֔ה מֵאָדָ֖ם וְעַד־בְּהֵמָ֑ה וְאֵ֨ת כָּל־עֵ֤שֶׂב הַשָּׂדֶה֙ הִכָּ֣ה הַבָּרָ֔ד וְאֶת־כָּל־עֵ֥ץ הַשָּׂדֶ֖ה שִׁבֵּֽר׃",
"text": "And-*yak* the-*bārāḏ* in-all-land-of *miṣrayim* *'ēt* all-which in-the-field from-*'āḏām* and-to-*bᵊhēmāh* and-*'ēt* all-*'ēśeḇ* the-field *hikkāh* the-*bārāḏ* and-*'et*-all-*'ēṣ* the-field *šibbēr*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyaḵ*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and it struck",
"*habbārāḏ*": "definite article + noun - the hail",
"*bᵊḵol-'ereṣ miṣrayim*": "preposition + construct + proper noun - in all the land of Egypt",
"*'ēt*": "direct object marker",
"*kol-'ăšer*": "construct + relative pronoun - all that",
"*baśśāḏeh*": "preposition + definite article + noun - in the field",
"*mē'āḏām*": "preposition + noun - from human",
"*wᵊ'aḏ-bᵊhēmāh*": "conjunction + preposition + noun - and to livestock",
"*wᵊ'ēt*": "conjunction + direct object marker - and [marker]",
"*kol-'ēśeḇ*": "construct + noun - all vegetation",
"*haśśāḏeh*": "definite article + noun - of the field",
"*hikkāh*": "hiphil perfect 3rd masculine singular - it struck",
"*habbārāḏ*": "definite article + noun - the hail",
"*wᵊ'et-kol-'ēṣ*": "conjunction + direct object marker + construct + noun - and all trees",
"*haśśāḏeh*": "definite article + noun - of the field",
"*šibbēr*": "piel perfect 3rd masculine singular - it broke/shattered"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyaḵ*": "struck/smote/hit",
"*'āḏām*": "human/man/person",
"*bᵊhēmāh*": "livestock/cattle/beast",
"*'ēśeḇ*": "vegetation/herb/plant/grass",
"*hikkāh*": "struck/smote/beat down",
"*'ēṣ*": "tree/wood",
"*šibbēr*": "broke/shattered/splintered"
}
}
26 {
"verseID": "Exodus.9.26",
"source": "רַ֚ק בְּאֶ֣רֶץ גֹּ֔שֶׁן אֲשֶׁר־שָׁ֖ם בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל לֹ֥א הָיָ֖ה בָּרָֽד׃",
"text": "Only in-land-of *gōšen* which-there *bᵊnê* *yiśrā'ēl* not was *bārāḏ*.",
"grammar": {
"*raq*": "adverb/particle - only/merely",
"*bᵊ'ereṣ*": "preposition + construct noun - in the land of",
"*gōšen*": "proper noun - Goshen",
"*'ăšer-šām*": "relative pronoun + adverb - where there",
"*bᵊnê*": "construct noun, masculine plural - children/sons of",
"*yiśrā'ēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*lō' hāyāh*": "negative particle + qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - was not",
"*bārāḏ*": "noun, masculine singular - hail"
},
"variants": {
"*bᵊnê*": "sons of/children of/descendants of",
"*raq*": "only/just/except"
}
}
27 {
"verseID": "Exodus.9.27",
"source": "וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח פַּרְעֹ֗ה וַיִּקְרָא֙ לְמֹשֶׁ֣ה וּֽלְאַהֲרֹ֔ן וַיֹּ֥אמֶר אֲלֵהֶ֖ם חָטָ֣אתִי הַפָּ֑עַם יְהוָה֙ הַצַּדִּ֔יק וַאֲנִ֥י וְעַמִּ֖י הָרְשָׁעִֽים׃",
"text": "And-*yišlaḥ* *par'ōh* and-*yiqrā'* to-*mōšeh* and-to-*'ahărōn* and-*yō'mer* to-them *ḥāṭā'tî* the-time *YHWH* the-*ṣaddîq* and-I and-people-my the-*rᵊšā'îm*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyišlaḥ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he sent",
"*par'ōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh",
"*wayyiqrā'*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he called",
"*lᵊmōšeh*": "preposition + proper noun - for Moses",
"*ûlᵊ'ahărōn*": "conjunction + preposition + proper noun - and for Aaron",
"*wayyō'mer*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*'ălēhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - to them",
"*ḥāṭā'tî*": "qal perfect 1st singular - I have sinned",
"*happā'am*": "definite article + noun - this time/now",
"*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD",
"*haṣṣaddîq*": "definite article + adjective - the righteous one",
"*wa'ănî*": "conjunction + 1st person singular pronoun - and I",
"*wᵊ'ammî*": "conjunction + noun + 1st person singular suffix - and my people",
"*hārᵊšā'îm*": "definite article + adjective, masculine plural - the wicked ones"
},
"variants": {
"*ḥāṭā'tî*": "I have sinned/I am at fault/I have done wrong",
"*happā'am*": "this time/now/at this instance",
"*haṣṣaddîq*": "the righteous one/the just one/the one in the right",
"*hārᵊšā'îm*": "the wicked ones/the guilty ones/the wrong ones"
}
}
28 {
"verseID": "Exodus.9.28",
"source": "הַעְתִּ֙ירוּ֙ אֶל־יְהוָ֔ה וְרַ֕ב מִֽהְיֹ֛ת קֹלֹ֥ת אֱלֹהִ֖ים וּבָרָ֑ד וַאֲשַׁלְּחָ֣ה אֶתְכֶ֔ם וְלֹ֥א תֹסִפ֖וּן לַעֲמֹֽד׃",
"text": "*Ha'tîrû* to-*YHWH* and-enough from-being thunders *'ĕlōhîm* and-*bārād* and-I-will-send *'etḵem* and-not *tōsip̄ûn* to-stay.",
"grammar": {
"*ha'tîrû*": "hiphil imperative, masculine plural - entreat/pray/intercede",
"*'el-YHWH*": "preposition + divine name - to Yahweh/the LORD",
"*wᵊraḇ*": "conjunction + adjective - and enough/much",
"*mihyōt*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - from being",
"*qōlōt*": "noun, masculine plural - thunders/voices",
"*'ĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural - God/gods",
"*ûḇārāḏ*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and hail",
"*wa'ăšallᵊḥāh*": "conjunction + piel imperfect 1st singular cohortative - and I will send away",
"*'etḵem*": "direct object marker + 2nd masculine plural suffix - you (plural)",
"*wᵊlō'*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not",
"*tōsip̄ûn*": "hiphil imperfect 2nd masculine plural - you will continue/add",
"*la'ămōḏ*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to stand/stay"
},
"variants": {
"*ha'tîrû*": "entreat/make supplication/pray earnestly",
"*raḇ*": "enough/much/sufficient/too much",
"*qōlōt 'ĕlōhîm*": "thunders of God/mighty thunderings/divine thunders",
"*wa'ăšallᵊḥāh*": "I will let go/I will send away/I will release",
"*tōsip̄ûn la'ămōḏ*": "you will continue to stay/you will remain longer"
}
}
29 {
"verseID": "Exodus.9.29",
"source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֵלָיו֙ מֹשֶׁ֔ה כְּצֵאתִי֙ אֶת־הָעִ֔יר אֶפְרֹ֥שׂ אֶת־כַּפַּ֖י אֶל־יְהוָ֑ה הַקֹּל֣וֹת יֶחְדָּל֗וּן וְהַבָּרָד֙ לֹ֣א יִֽהְיֶה־ע֔וֹד לְמַ֣עַן תֵּדַ֔ע כִּ֥י לַיהוָ֖ה הָאָֽרֶץ׃",
"text": "And-*yō'mer* to-him *mōšeh* as-I-go-out *'et*-the-city I-will-spread *'et*-palms-my to-*YHWH* the-thunders will-cease and-the-*bārāḏ* not will-be-more so-that *tēḏa'* that to-*YHWH* the-earth.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyō'mer*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*'ēlāyw*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - to him",
"*mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses",
"*kᵊṣē'tî*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct + 1st singular suffix - when I go out",
"*'et-hā'îr*": "direct object marker + definite article + noun - the city",
"*'ep̄rōś*": "qal imperfect 1st singular - I will spread out",
"*'et-kappay*": "direct object marker + noun construct dual + 1st singular suffix - my palms/hands",
"*'el-YHWH*": "preposition + divine name - to Yahweh/the LORD",
"*haqqōlôt*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the thunders",
"*yeḥdālûn*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they will cease",
"*wᵊhabbārāḏ*": "conjunction + definite article + noun - and the hail",
"*lō' yihyeh-'ôḏ*": "negative particle + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular + adverb - will not be anymore",
"*lᵊma'an*": "conjunction - so that/in order that",
"*tēḏa'*": "qal imperfect 2nd masculine singular - you will know",
"*kî*": "conjunction - that/because/for",
"*laYHWH*": "preposition + divine name - to Yahweh/belonging to the LORD",
"*hā'āreṣ*": "definite article + noun - the earth/land"
},
"variants": {
"*'ep̄rōś 'et-kappay*": "I will spread out my hands/I will pray with outstretched hands/I will entreat with palms extended",
"*yeḥdālûn*": "will cease/will stop/will end",
"*lᵊma'an tēḏa'*": "so that you may know/in order for you to recognize",
"*laYHWH hā'āreṣ*": "the earth belongs to the LORD/the land is the LORD's"
}
}
30 {
"verseID": "Exodus.9.30",
"source": "וְאַתָּ֖ה וַעֲבָדֶ֑יךָ יָדַ֕עְתִּי כִּ֚י טֶ֣רֶם תִּֽירְא֔וּן מִפְּנֵ֖י יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהִֽים׃",
"text": "And-you and-servants-your *yāḏa'tî* that yet-not *tîrᵊ'ûn* from-face-of *YHWH* *'ĕlōhîm*.",
"grammar": {
"*wᵊ'attāh*": "conjunction + 2nd masculine singular pronoun - and you",
"*wa'ăḇāḏeḵā*": "conjunction + noun masculine plural construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - and your servants",
"*yāḏa'tî*": "qal perfect 1st singular - I know",
"*kî*": "conjunction - that/because",
"*ṭerem*": "adverb - not yet/before",
"*tîrᵊ'ûn*": "qal imperfect 2nd masculine plural - you fear",
"*mippᵊnê*": "preposition + construct noun - from before/from the face of",
"*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD",
"*'ĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural - God"
},
"variants": {
"*yāḏa'tî*": "I know/I recognize/I am aware",
"*ṭerem tîrᵊ'ûn*": "you do not yet fear/you have not yet come to fear",
"*mippᵊnê YHWH 'ĕlōhîm*": "before the LORD God/from the presence of the LORD God"
}
}
31 {
"verseID": "Exodus.9.31",
"source": "וְהַפִּשְׁתָּ֥ה וְהַשְּׂעֹרָ֖ה נֻכָּ֑תָה כִּ֤י הַשְּׂעֹרָה֙ אָבִ֔יב וְהַפִּשְׁתָּ֖ה גִּבְעֹֽל׃",
"text": "And-the-*pištāh* and-the-*śᵊ'ōrāh* *nukkātāh* for the-*śᵊ'ōrāh* *'āḇîḇ* and-the-*pištāh* *giḇ'ōl*.",
"grammar": {
"*wᵊhappištāh*": "conjunction + definite article + noun - and the flax",
"*wᵊhaśśᵊ'ōrāh*": "conjunction + definite article + noun - and the barley",
"*nukkātāh*": "pual perfect 3rd feminine singular - was struck/smitten",
"*kî*": "conjunction - for/because",
"*haśśᵊ'ōrāh*": "definite article + noun - the barley",
"*'āḇîḇ*": "noun/adjective - [in] ear/ripe/budding",
"*wᵊhappištāh*": "conjunction + definite article + noun - and the flax",
"*giḇ'ōl*": "noun - in bud/budding"
},
"variants": {
"*pištāh*": "flax/linen",
"*śᵊ'ōrāh*": "barley",
"*nukkātāh*": "was struck/was ruined/was destroyed",
"*'āḇîḇ*": "in ear/ripe/budding/in bloom",
"*giḇ'ōl*": "in bud/in bloom/in flower"
}
}
32 {
"verseID": "Exodus.9.32",
"source": "וְהַחִטָּ֥ה וְהַכֻּסֶּ֖מֶת לֹ֣א נֻכּ֑וּ כִּ֥י אֲפִילֹ֖ת הֵֽנָּה׃",
"text": "And-the-*ḥiṭṭāh* and-the-*kussemet* not *nukkû* for *'ăp̄îlōt* they.",
"grammar": {
"*wᵊhaḥiṭṭāh*": "conjunction + definite article + noun - and the wheat",
"*wᵊhakussemet*": "conjunction + definite article + noun - and the spelt",
"*lō' nukkû*": "negative particle + pual perfect 3rd common plural - were not struck",
"*kî*": "conjunction - for/because",
"*'ăp̄îlōt*": "adjective, feminine plural - late/late-ripening",
"*hēnnāh*": "3rd feminine plural pronoun - they"
},
"variants": {
"*ḥiṭṭāh*": "wheat",
"*kussemet*": "spelt/emmer",
"*nukkû*": "were struck/were destroyed/were damaged",
"*'ăp̄îlōt*": "late/late-ripening/late-developing/hidden"
}
}
33 {
"verseID": "Exodus.9.33",
"source": "וַיֵּצֵ֨א מֹשֶׁ֜ה מֵעִ֤ם פַּרְעֹה֙ אֶת־הָעִ֔יר וַיִּפְרֹ֥שׂ כַּפָּ֖יו אֶל־יְהוָ֑ה וַֽיַּחְדְּל֤וּ הַקֹּלוֹת֙ וְהַבָּרָ֔ד וּמָטָ֖ר לֹא־נִתַּ֥ךְ אָֽרְצָה׃",
"text": "And *yāṣāʾ* *Mōšeh* from with *Parʿōh* *ʾet*-the *ʿîr* and *pāraś* *kappayim* unto-*YHWH* and *ḥādal* the *qôlôt* and-the *bārād* and-*māṭār* not-*nātak* *ʾārṣāh*",
"grammar": {
"*yāṣāʾ*": "Qal imperfect consecutive 3rd masculine singular - went out",
"*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses",
"*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*ʿîr*": "noun, feminine singular - city",
"*pāraś*": "Qal imperfect consecutive 3rd masculine singular - spread out",
"*kappayim*": "noun, feminine dual construct - his palms/hands",
"*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD",
"*ḥādal*": "Qal imperfect consecutive 3rd plural - ceased",
"*qôlôt*": "noun, masculine plural - thunders/voices",
"*bārād*": "noun, masculine singular - hail",
"*māṭār*": "noun, masculine singular - rain",
"*nātak*": "Niphal perfect 3rd masculine singular - was poured out",
"*ʾārṣāh*": "noun, feminine singular with directional heh - to the earth/ground"
},
"variants": {
"*yāṣāʾ*": "went out/departed/exited",
"*pāraś*": "spread out/stretched out/extended",
"*kappayim*": "palms/hands/open hands",
"*ḥādal*": "ceased/stopped/ended",
"*qôlôt*": "thunders/voices/sounds",
"*nātak*": "was poured out/was poured down/was spilled"
}
}
34 {
"verseID": "Exodus.9.34",
"source": "וַיַּ֣רְא פַּרְעֹ֗ה כִּֽי־חָדַ֨ל הַמָּטָ֧ר וְהַבָּרָ֛ד וְהַקֹּלֹ֖ת וַיֹּ֣סֶף לַחֲטֹ֑א וַיַּכְבֵּ֥ד לִבּ֖וֹ ה֥וּא וַעֲבָדָֽיו׃",
"text": "And *rāʾāh* *Parʿōh* that-*ḥādal* the-*māṭār* and-the-*bārād* and-the-*qôlôt* and *yāsap* to-*ḥāṭāʾ* and *kāvēd* *lēv*-his he and-*ʿăvādîm*-his",
"grammar": {
"*rāʾāh*": "Qal imperfect consecutive 3rd masculine singular - saw",
"*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh",
"*ḥādal*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - ceased",
"*māṭār*": "noun, masculine singular - rain",
"*bārād*": "noun, masculine singular - hail",
"*qôlôt*": "noun, masculine plural - thunders/voices",
"*yāsap*": "Hiphil imperfect consecutive 3rd masculine singular - continued/added",
"*ḥāṭāʾ*": "Qal infinitive construct - to sin",
"*kāvēd*": "Piel imperfect consecutive 3rd masculine singular - made heavy",
"*lēv*": "noun, masculine singular construct - heart",
"*ʿăvādîm*": "noun, masculine plural construct - servants"
},
"variants": {
"*rāʾāh*": "saw/perceived/observed",
"*ḥādal*": "ceased/stopped/ended",
"*yāsap*": "continued/added/increased",
"*ḥāṭāʾ*": "to sin/to miss the mark/to offend",
"*kāvēd*": "made heavy/hardened/made insensitive",
"*lēv*": "heart/mind/inner person"
}
}
35 {
"verseID": "Exodus.9.35",
"source": "וַֽיֶּחֱזַק֙ לֵ֣ב פַּרְעֹ֔ה וְלֹ֥א שִׁלַּ֖ח אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר דִּבֶּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה בְּיַד־מֹשֶֽׁה׃ פ",
"text": "And *ḥāzaq* *lēv* *Parʿōh* and-not *šālaḥ* *ʾet*-*bĕnê* *Yiśrāʾēl* as-which *dibbēr* *YHWH* by-*yād*-*Mōšeh*",
"grammar": {
"*ḥāzaq*": "Qal imperfect consecutive 3rd masculine singular - was strong/strengthened",
"*lēv*": "noun, masculine singular construct - heart",
"*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh",
"*šālaḥ*": "Piel perfect 3rd masculine singular - sent away",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*bĕnê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons/children of",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*dibbēr*": "Piel perfect 3rd masculine singular - spoke",
"*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD",
"*yād*": "noun, feminine singular construct - hand",
"*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses"
},
"variants": {
"*ḥāzaq*": "was strong/was hardened/was strengthened",
"*lēv*": "heart/mind/inner person",
"*šālaḥ*": "sent away/released/let go",
"*bĕnê*": "sons/children/descendants",
"*dibbēr*": "spoke/said/declared",
"*yād*": "hand/power/agency"
}
}
1 {
"verseID": "Exodus.10.1",
"source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה בֹּ֖א אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֑ה כִּֽי־אֲנִ֞י הִכְבַּ֤דְתִּי אֶת־לִבּוֹ֙ וְאֶת־לֵ֣ב עֲבָדָ֔יו לְמַ֗עַן שִׁתִ֛י אֹתֹתַ֥י אֵ֖לֶּה בְּקִרְבּֽוֹ׃",
"text": "*wə-yōʾmer* *YHWH* *ʾel-mōšeh* *bōʾ* *ʾel-parʿōh* *kî-ʾănî* *hikbadtî* *ʾet-libbô* *wə-ʾet-lēb* *ʿăbādāyw* *ləmaʿan* *šitî* *ʾōtōtay* *ʾēlleh* *bə-qirbô*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masc singular - and said",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name",
"*ʾel-mōšeh*": "preposition + proper noun - to Moses",
"*bōʾ*": "Qal imperative masculine singular - go/come",
"*ʾel-parʿōh*": "preposition + proper noun - to Pharaoh",
"*kî-ʾănî*": "conjunction + 1st person pronoun - because I",
"*hikbadtî*": "Hiphil perfect 1st person singular - I have hardened/made heavy",
"*ʾet-libbô*": "direct object marker + noun masculine singular with 3rd masc singular suffix - his heart",
"*wə-ʾet-lēb*": "conjunction + direct object marker + noun masculine singular construct - and the heart of",
"*ʿăbādāyw*": "noun masculine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his servants",
"*ləmaʿan*": "conjunction - in order that/so that",
"*šitî*": "Qal infinitive construct with 1st person singular suffix - my placing",
"*ʾōtōtay*": "noun common plural with 1st person singular suffix - my signs",
"*ʾēlleh*": "demonstrative adjective - these",
"*bə-qirbô*": "preposition + noun masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - in his midst"
},
"variants": {
"*hikbadtî*": "made heavy/hardened/made stubborn/made insensitive",
"*qirbô*": "midst/inner part/among them"
}
}
2 {
"verseID": "Exodus.10.2",
"source": "וּלְמַ֡עַן תְּסַפֵּר֩ בְּאָזְנֵ֨י בִנְךָ֜ וּבֶן־בִּנְךָ֗ אֵ֣ת אֲשֶׁ֤ר הִתְעַלַּ֙לְתִּי֙ בְּמִצְרַ֔יִם וְאֶת־אֹתֹתַ֖י אֲשֶׁר־שַׂ֣מְתִּי בָ֑ם וִֽידַעְתֶּ֖ם כִּי־אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה׃",
"text": "*û-ləmaʿan* *təsappēr* *bə-ʾoznê* *binkā* *û-ben-binkā* *ʾēt* *ʾăšer* *hitʿallaltî* *bə-miṣrayim* *wə-ʾet-ʾōtōtay* *ʾăšer-śamtî* *bām* *wîdaʿtem* *kî-ʾănî* *YHWH*",
"grammar": {
"*û-ləmaʿan*": "conjunction + preposition - and in order that",
"*təsappēr*": "Piel imperfect 2nd masculine singular - you may tell/recount",
"*bə-ʾoznê*": "preposition + noun feminine dual construct - in the ears of",
"*binkā*": "noun masculine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your son",
"*û-ben-binkā*": "conjunction + noun masculine singular construct + noun masculine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - and your son's son (grandson)",
"*ʾēt*": "direct object marker",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - what/that which",
"*hitʿallaltî*": "Hithpael perfect 1st common singular - I have dealt severely/made a mockery",
"*bə-miṣrayim*": "preposition + proper noun - with Egypt/Egyptians",
"*wə-ʾet-ʾōtōtay*": "conjunction + direct object marker + noun common plural with 1st common singular suffix - and my signs",
"*ʾăšer-śamtî*": "relative pronoun + Qal perfect 1st common singular - which I placed/set",
"*bām*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - among them",
"*wîdaʿtem*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 2nd masculine plural - and you will know",
"*kî-ʾănî*": "conjunction + 1st person singular pronoun - that I am",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name"
},
"variants": {
"*təsappēr*": "tell/recount/declare",
"*hitʿallaltî*": "dealt severely with/made a mockery of/performed mighty acts against",
"*wîdaʿtem*": "know/acknowledge/recognize"
}
}
3 {
"verseID": "Exodus.10.3",
"source": "וַיָּבֹ֨א מֹשֶׁ֣ה וְאַהֲרֹן֮ אֶל־פַּרְעֹה֒ וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ אֵלָ֗יו כֹּֽה־אָמַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י הָֽעִבְרִ֔ים עַד־מָתַ֣י מֵאַ֔נְתָּ לֵעָנֹ֖ת מִפָּנָ֑י שַׁלַּ֥ח עַמִּ֖י וְיַֽעַבְדֻֽנִי׃",
"text": "*wa-yābōʾ* *mōšeh* *wə-ʾahărōn* *ʾel-parʿōh* *wa-yōʾmərû* *ʾēlāyw* *kōh-ʾāmar* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhê* *hā-ʿibrîm* *ʿad-mātay* *mēʾantā* *lēʿānōt* *mi-pānāy* *šallaḥ* *ʿammî* *wə-yaʿabdûnî*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yābōʾ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and came",
"*mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses",
"*wə-ʾahărōn*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Aaron",
"*ʾel-parʿōh*": "preposition + proper noun - to Pharaoh",
"*wa-yōʾmərû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they said",
"*ʾēlāyw*": "preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - to him",
"*kōh-ʾāmar*": "adverb + Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - thus says",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name",
"*ʾĕlōhê*": "noun masculine plural construct - God of",
"*hā-ʿibrîm*": "definite article + noun masculine plural - the Hebrews",
"*ʿad-mātay*": "preposition + interrogative - until when/how long",
"*mēʾantā*": "Piel perfect 2nd masculine singular - you have refused",
"*lēʿānōt*": "preposition + Niphal infinitive construct - to be humbled",
"*mi-pānāy*": "preposition + noun common plural with 1st person singular suffix - from my face/presence",
"*šallaḥ*": "Piel imperative masculine singular - send away/let go",
"*ʿammî*": "noun masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my people",
"*wə-yaʿabdûnî*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural with 1st person singular suffix - that they may serve me"
},
"variants": {
"*mēʾantā*": "refused/declined/rejected",
"*lēʿānōt*": "to be humbled/to humble yourself/to submit",
"*mi-pānāy*": "from my face/before me/from my presence"
}
}
4 {
"verseID": "Exodus.10.4",
"source": "כִּ֛י אִם־מָאֵ֥ן אַתָּ֖ה לְשַׁלֵּ֣חַ אֶת־עַמִּ֑י הִנְנִ֨י מֵבִ֥יא מָחָ֛ר אַרְבֶּ֖ה בִּגְבֻלֶֽךָ׃",
"text": "*kî* *ʾim-māʾēn* *ʾattāh* *lə-šallēaḥ* *ʾet-ʿammî* *hinənî* *mēbîʾ* *māḥār* *ʾarbeh* *bi-gǝbulekā*",
"grammar": {
"*kî*": "conjunction - for/because/if",
"*ʾim-māʾēn*": "conjunction + Piel participle masculine singular - if refusing",
"*ʾattāh*": "pronoun 2nd masculine singular - you",
"*lə-šallēaḥ*": "preposition + Piel infinitive construct - to send away",
"*ʾet-ʿammî*": "direct object marker + noun masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my people",
"*hinənî*": "interjection with 1st person singular suffix - behold me/here I am",
"*mēbîʾ*": "Hiphil participle masculine singular - bringing",
"*māḥār*": "adverb - tomorrow",
"*ʾarbeh*": "noun masculine singular - locust",
"*bi-gǝbulekā*": "preposition + noun masculine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - in your territory/border"
},
"variants": {
"*māʾēn*": "refusing/declining/rejecting",
"*ʾarbeh*": "locust/locusts (collective singular)"
}
}
5 {
"verseID": "Exodus.10.5",
"source": "וְכִסָּה֙ אֶת־עֵ֣ין הָאָ֔רֶץ וְלֹ֥א יוּכַ֖ל לִרְאֹ֣ת אֶת־הָאָ֑רֶץ וְאָכַ֣ל ׀ אֶת־יֶ֣תֶר הַפְּלֵטָ֗ה הַנִּשְׁאֶ֤רֶת לָכֶם֙ מִן־הַבָּרָ֔ד וְאָכַל֙ אֶת־כָּל־הָעֵ֔ץ הַצֹּמֵ֥חַ לָכֶ֖ם מִן־הַשָּׂדֶֽה׃",
"text": "*wə-kissāh* *ʾet-ʿên* *hā-ʾāreṣ* *wə-lōʾ* *yûkal* *lirʾōt* *ʾet-hā-ʾāreṣ* *wə-ʾākal* *ʾet-yeter* *ha-pəlēṭāh* *ha-nišʾeret* *lākem* *min-ha-bārād* *wə-ʾākal* *ʾet-kol-hā-ʿēṣ* *ha-ṣōmēaḥ* *lākem* *min-ha-śādeh*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-kissāh*": "conjunction + Piel perfect 3rd masculine singular - and it will cover",
"*ʾet-ʿên*": "direct object marker + noun construct - the eye/surface of",
"*hā-ʾāreṣ*": "definite article + noun feminine singular - the land/earth",
"*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not",
"*yûkal*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - one will be able",
"*lirʾōt*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to see",
"*ʾet-hā-ʾāreṣ*": "direct object marker + definite article + noun feminine singular - the land/earth",
"*wə-ʾākal*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - and it will eat/devour",
"*ʾet-yeter*": "direct object marker + noun masculine singular construct - the remainder of",
"*ha-pəlēṭāh*": "definite article + noun feminine singular - the escape/that which escaped",
"*ha-nišʾeret*": "definite article + Niphal participle feminine singular - that which remains",
"*lākem*": "preposition with 2nd masculine plural suffix - for you",
"*min-ha-bārād*": "preposition + definite article + noun masculine singular - from the hail",
"*wə-ʾākal*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - and it will eat/devour",
"*ʾet-kol-hā-ʿēṣ*": "direct object marker + noun masculine singular construct + definite article + noun masculine singular - every tree",
"*ha-ṣōmēaḥ*": "definite article + Qal participle masculine singular - which grows",
"*lākem*": "preposition with 2nd masculine plural suffix - for you",
"*min-ha-śādeh*": "preposition + definite article + noun masculine singular - from the field"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿên*": "eye/surface/visible part",
"*pəlēṭāh*": "escape/deliverance/that which escaped",
"*ha-nišʾeret*": "that which remains/was left behind/survived"
}
}
6 {
"verseID": "Exodus.10.6",
"source": "וּמָלְא֨וּ בָתֶּ֜יךָ וּבָתֵּ֣י כָל־עֲבָדֶיךָ֮ וּבָתֵּ֣י כָל־מִצְרַיִם֒ אֲשֶׁ֨ר לֹֽא־רָא֤וּ אֲבֹתֶ֙יךָ֙ וַאֲב֣וֹת אֲבֹתֶ֔יךָ מִיּ֗וֹם הֱיוֹתָם֙ עַל־הָ֣אֲדָמָ֔ה עַ֖ד הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה וַיִּ֥פֶן וַיֵּצֵ֖א מֵעִ֥ם פַּרְעֹֽה׃",
"text": "*û-mālʾû* *bāttêkā* *û-bāttê* *kol-ʿăbādêkā* *û-bāttê* *kol-miṣrayim* *ʾăšer* *lōʾ-rāʾû* *ʾăbōtêkā* *wa-ʾăbôt* *ʾăbōtêkā* *mi-yôm* *hĕyôtām* *ʿal-hā-ʾădāmāh* *ʿad* *ha-yôm* *ha-zeh* *wa-yifen* *wa-yēṣēʾ* *mē-ʿim* *parʿōh*",
"grammar": {
"*û-mālʾû*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd common plural - and they will fill",
"*bāttêkā*": "noun masculine plural construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your houses",
"*û-bāttê*": "conjunction + noun masculine plural construct - and the houses of",
"*kol-ʿăbādêkā*": "noun masculine singular construct + noun masculine plural with 2nd masculine singular suffix - all your servants",
"*û-bāttê*": "conjunction + noun masculine plural construct - and the houses of",
"*kol-miṣrayim*": "noun masculine singular construct + proper noun - all Egypt",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which",
"*lōʾ-rāʾû*": "negative particle + Qal perfect 3rd common plural - have not seen",
"*ʾăbōtêkā*": "noun masculine plural with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your fathers",
"*wa-ʾăbôt*": "conjunction + noun masculine plural construct - and the fathers of",
"*ʾăbōtêkā*": "noun masculine plural with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your fathers",
"*mi-yôm*": "preposition + noun masculine singular construct - from the day of",
"*hĕyôtām*": "Qal infinitive construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their being",
"*ʿal-hā-ʾădāmāh*": "preposition + definite article + noun feminine singular - on the ground/land",
"*ʿad*": "preposition - until",
"*ha-yôm*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the day",
"*ha-zeh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun - this",
"*wa-yifen*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he turned",
"*wa-yēṣēʾ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he went out",
"*mē-ʿim*": "preposition + preposition - from with",
"*parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾădāmāh*": "ground/land/earth/soil",
"*yifen*": "turned/turned away/turned around"
}
}
7 {
"verseID": "Exodus.10.7",
"source": "וַיֹּאמְרוּ֩ עַבְדֵ֨י פַרְעֹ֜ה אֵלָ֗יו עַד־מָתַי֙ יִהְיֶ֨ה זֶ֥ה לָ֙נוּ֙ לְמוֹקֵ֔שׁ שַׁלַּח֙ אֶת־הָ֣אֲנָשִׁ֔ים וְיַֽעַבְד֖וּ אֶת־יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֑ם הֲטֶ֣רֶם תֵּדַ֔ע כִּ֥י אָבְדָ֖ה מִצְרָֽיִם׃",
"text": "*wa-yōʾmərû* *ʿabdê* *parʿōh* *ʾēlāyw* *ʿad-mātay* *yihyeh* *zeh* *lānû* *lə-môqēš* *šallaḥ* *ʾet-hā-ʾănāšîm* *wə-yaʿabdû* *ʾet-YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêhem* *hă-ṭerem* *tēdaʿ* *kî* *ʾābdāh* *miṣrāyim*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yōʾmərû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they said",
"*ʿabdê*": "noun masculine plural construct - servants of",
"*parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh",
"*ʾēlāyw*": "preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - to him",
"*ʿad-mātay*": "preposition + interrogative - until when/how long",
"*yihyeh*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - will be",
"*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun - this",
"*lānû*": "preposition with 1st common plural suffix - to us",
"*lə-môqēš*": "preposition + noun masculine singular - for a snare/trap",
"*šallaḥ*": "Piel imperative masculine singular - send away",
"*ʾet-hā-ʾănāšîm*": "direct object marker + definite article + noun masculine plural - the men",
"*wə-yaʿabdû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - that they may serve",
"*ʾet-YHWH*": "direct object marker + proper noun - YHWH",
"*ʾĕlōhêhem*": "noun masculine plural with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their God",
"*hă-ṭerem*": "interrogative + adverb - do you not yet",
"*tēdaʿ*": "Qal imperfect 2nd masculine singular - know",
"*kî*": "conjunction - that",
"*ʾābdāh*": "Qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - has perished",
"*miṣrāyim*": "proper noun - Egypt"
},
"variants": {
"*môqēš*": "snare/trap/stumbling block",
"*ṭerem*": "not yet/before/prior to",
"*ʾābdāh*": "perished/destroyed/ruined"
}
}
8 {
"verseID": "Exodus.10.8",
"source": "וַיּוּשַׁ֞ב אֶת־מֹשֶׁ֤ה וְאֶֽת־אַהֲרֹן֙ אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֔ה וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲלֵהֶ֔ם לְכ֥וּ עִבְד֖וּ אֶת־יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֑ם מִ֥י וָמִ֖י הַהֹלְכִֽים׃",
"text": "*wa-yûšab* *ʾet-mōšeh* *wə-ʾet-ʾahărōn* *ʾel-parʿōh* *wa-yōʾmer* *ʾălēhem* *lǝkû* *ʿibdû* *ʾet-YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêkem* *mî* *wā-mî* *ha-hōləkîm*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yûšab*": "conjunction + Hophal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and was brought back",
"*ʾet-mōšeh*": "direct object marker + proper noun - Moses",
"*wə-ʾet-ʾahărōn*": "conjunction + direct object marker + proper noun - and Aaron",
"*ʾel-parʿōh*": "preposition + proper noun - to Pharaoh",
"*wa-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*ʾălēhem*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - to them",
"*lǝkû*": "Qal imperative masculine plural - go",
"*ʿibdû*": "Qal imperative masculine plural - serve",
"*ʾet-YHWH*": "direct object marker + proper noun - YHWH",
"*ʾĕlōhêkem*": "noun masculine plural with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your God",
"*mî*": "interrogative pronoun - who",
"*wā-mî*": "conjunction + interrogative pronoun - and who",
"*ha-hōləkîm*": "definite article + Qal participle masculine plural - the ones going"
},
"variants": {
"*wa-yûšab*": "was brought back/was returned/one brought back"
}
}
9 {
"verseID": "Exodus.10.9",
"source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֔ה בִּנְעָרֵ֥ינוּ וּבִזְקֵנֵ֖ינוּ נֵלֵ֑ךְ בְּבָנֵ֨ינוּ וּבִבְנוֹתֵ֜נוּ בְּצֹאנֵ֤נוּ וּבִבְקָרֵ֙נוּ֙ נֵלֵ֔ךְ כִּ֥י חַג־יְהוָ֖ה לָֽנוּ׃",
"text": "*wa-yōʾmer* *mōšeh* *bi-nəʿārênû* *û-bizqēnênû* *nēlēk* *bə-bānênû* *û-bibnôtēnû* *bə-ṣōʾnēnû* *û-bibqārēnû* *nēlēk* *kî* *ḥag-YHWH* *lānû*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and said",
"*mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses",
"*bi-nəʿārênû*": "preposition + noun masculine plural with 1st common plural suffix - with our young men",
"*û-bizqēnênû*": "conjunction + preposition + noun masculine plural with 1st common plural suffix - and with our old men/elders",
"*nēlēk*": "Qal imperfect 1st common plural - we will go",
"*bə-bānênû*": "preposition + noun masculine plural with 1st common plural suffix - with our sons",
"*û-bibnôtēnû*": "conjunction + preposition + noun feminine plural with 1st common plural suffix - and with our daughters",
"*bə-ṣōʾnēnû*": "preposition + noun masculine singular with 1st common plural suffix - with our flocks",
"*û-bibqārēnû*": "conjunction + preposition + noun masculine singular with 1st common plural suffix - and with our herds",
"*nēlēk*": "Qal imperfect 1st common plural - we will go",
"*kî*": "conjunction - for/because",
"*ḥag-YHWH*": "noun masculine singular construct + proper noun - feast of YHWH",
"*lānû*": "preposition with 1st common plural suffix - for us/we have"
},
"variants": {
"*nəʿārênû*": "young men/servants/boys/children",
"*zəqēnênû*": "elders/old men/old ones"
}
}
10 {
"verseID": "Exodus.10.10",
"source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲלֵהֶ֗ם יְהִ֨י כֵ֤ן יְהוָה֙ עִמָּכֶ֔ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר אֲשַׁלַּ֥ח אֶתְכֶ֖ם וְאֶֽת־טַפְּכֶ֑ם רְא֕וּ כִּ֥י רָעָ֖ה נֶ֥גֶד פְּנֵיכֶֽם׃",
"text": "*wa-yōʾmer* *ʾălēhem* *yəhî* *kēn* *YHWH* *ʿimmākem* *ka-ʾăšer* *ʾăšallaḥ* *ʾetkem* *wə-ʾet-ṭappəkem* *rəʾû* *kî* *rāʿāh* *neged* *pənêkem*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*ʾălēhem*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - to them",
"*yəhî*": "Qal jussive 3rd masculine singular - may he be",
"*kēn*": "adverb - thus/so",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name",
"*ʿimmākem*": "preposition with 2nd masculine plural suffix - with you",
"*ka-ʾăšer*": "preposition + relative pronoun - just as/when",
"*ʾăšallaḥ*": "Piel imperfect 1st common singular - I send away",
"*ʾetkem*": "direct object marker with 2nd masculine plural suffix - you",
"*wə-ʾet-ṭappəkem*": "conjunction + direct object marker + noun masculine singular with 2nd masculine plural suffix - and your little ones",
"*rəʾû*": "Qal imperative masculine plural - see/look",
"*kî*": "conjunction - that/for/because",
"*rāʿāh*": "noun feminine singular - evil/harm",
"*neged*": "preposition - before/in front of",
"*pənêkem*": "noun masculine plural construct with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your faces"
},
"variants": {
"*yəhî kēn YHWH ʿimmākem*": "may YHWH be with you/YHWH will surely be with you (ironic or sarcastic)",
"*ṭappəkem*": "your little ones/your children/your families",
"*rāʿāh*": "evil/disaster/harm/trouble"
}
}
11 {
"verseID": "Exodus.10.11",
"source": "לֹ֣א כֵ֗ן לְכֽוּ־נָ֤א הַגְּבָרִים֙ וְעִבְד֣וּ אֶת־יְהוָ֔ה כִּ֥י אֹתָ֖הּ אַתֶּ֣ם מְבַקְשִׁ֑ים וַיְגָ֣רֶשׁ אֹתָ֔ם מֵאֵ֖ת פְּנֵ֥י פַרְעֹֽה׃ פ",
"text": "*lōʾ* *kēn* *ləkû-nāʾ* *ha-gəbārîm* *wə-ʿibdû* *ʾet-YHWH* *kî* *ʾōtāh* *ʾattem* *məbaqšîm* *wa-yəgāreš* *ʾōtām* *mē-ʾēt* *pənê* *parʿōh*",
"grammar": {
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*kēn*": "adverb - so/thus",
"*ləkû-nāʾ*": "Qal imperative masculine plural + particle of entreaty - please go",
"*ha-gəbārîm*": "definite article + noun masculine plural - the men",
"*wə-ʿibdû*": "conjunction + Qal imperative masculine plural - and serve",
"*ʾet-YHWH*": "direct object marker + proper noun - YHWH",
"*kî*": "conjunction - for/because",
"*ʾōtāh*": "direct object marker with 3rd feminine singular suffix - it/this",
"*ʾattem*": "pronoun 2nd masculine plural - you",
"*məbaqšîm*": "Piel participle masculine plural - seeking",
"*wa-yəgāreš*": "conjunction + Piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he drove out",
"*ʾōtām*": "direct object marker with 3rd masculine plural suffix - them",
"*mē-ʾēt*": "preposition + direct object marker - from",
"*pənê*": "noun masculine plural construct - face of",
"*parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh"
},
"variants": {
"*ha-gəbārîm*": "the men/the strong ones/the adults",
"*ʾōtāh*": "it/this (referring to serving YHWH)",
"*yəgāreš*": "drove out/expelled/cast out"
}
}
12 {
"verseID": "Exodus.10.12",
"source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֗ה נְטֵ֨ה יָדְךָ֜ עַל־אֶ֤רֶץ מִצְרַ֙יִם֙ בָּֽאַרְבֶּ֔ה וְיַ֖עַל עַל־אֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם וְיֹאכַל֙ אֶת־כָּל־עֵ֣שֶׂב הָאָ֔רֶץ אֵ֛ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר הִשְׁאִ֖יר הַבָּרָֽד׃",
"text": "*wa-yōʾmer* *YHWH* *ʾel-mōšeh* *nəṭēh* *yādəkā* *ʿal-ʾereṣ* *miṣrayim* *bā-ʾarbeh* *wə-yaʿal* *ʿal-ʾereṣ* *miṣrāyim* *wə-yōʾkal* *ʾet-kol-ʿēśeb* *hā-ʾāreṣ* *ʾēt* *kol-ʾăšer* *hišʾîr* *ha-bārād*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and said",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name",
"*ʾel-mōšeh*": "preposition + proper noun - to Moses",
"*nəṭēh*": "Qal imperative masculine singular - stretch out",
"*yādəkā*": "noun feminine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your hand",
"*ʿal-ʾereṣ*": "preposition + noun feminine singular construct - over the land of",
"*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt",
"*bā-ʾarbeh*": "preposition + definite article + noun masculine singular - for the locusts",
"*wə-yaʿal*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular jussive - that it may come up",
"*ʿal-ʾereṣ*": "preposition + noun feminine singular construct - over the land of",
"*miṣrāyim*": "proper noun - Egypt",
"*wə-yōʾkal*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular jussive - and it may eat",
"*ʾet-kol-ʿēśeb*": "direct object marker + noun masculine singular construct + noun masculine singular - all the vegetation of",
"*hā-ʾāreṣ*": "definite article + noun feminine singular - the land",
"*ʾēt*": "direct object marker",
"*kol-ʾăšer*": "noun masculine singular construct + relative pronoun - all that",
"*hišʾîr*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd masculine singular - has left",
"*ha-bārād*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the hail"
},
"variants": {
"*nəṭēh*": "stretch out/extend/reach out",
"*bā-ʾarbeh*": "for the locusts/with locusts",
"*ʿēśeb*": "vegetation/plants/herbs/grass"
}
}
13 {
"verseID": "Exodus.10.13",
"source": "וַיֵּ֨ט מֹשֶׁ֣ה אֶת־מַטֵּהוּ֮ עַל־אֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַיִם֒ וֽ͏ַיהוָ֗ה נִהַ֤ג רֽוּחַ־קָדִים֙ בָּאָ֔רֶץ כָּל־הַיּ֥וֹם הַה֖וּא וְכָל־הַלָּ֑יְלָה הַבֹּ֣קֶר הָיָ֔ה וְר֙וּחַ֙ הַקָּדִ֔ים נָשָׂ֖א אֶת־הָאַרְבֶּֽה׃",
"text": "*wa-yēṭ* *mōšeh* *ʾet-maṭṭēhû* *ʿal-ʾereṣ* *miṣrayim* *wa-YHWH* *nihag* *rûaḥ-qādîm* *bā-ʾāreṣ* *kol-ha-yôm* *ha-hûʾ* *wə-kol-ha-lāylāh* *ha-bōqer* *hāyāh* *wə-rûaḥ* *ha-qādîm* *nāśāʾ* *ʾet-hā-ʾarbeh*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yēṭ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and stretched out",
"*mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses",
"*ʾet-maṭṭēhû*": "direct object marker + noun masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his staff",
"*ʿal-ʾereṣ*": "preposition + noun feminine singular construct - over the land of",
"*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt",
"*wa-YHWH*": "conjunction + proper noun - and YHWH",
"*nihag*": "Piel perfect 3rd masculine singular - drove/led",
"*rûaḥ-qādîm*": "noun feminine singular construct + noun/adjective - east wind",
"*bā-ʾāreṣ*": "preposition + definite article + noun feminine singular - in the land",
"*kol-ha-yôm*": "noun masculine singular construct + definite article + noun masculine singular - all that day",
"*ha-hûʾ*": "definite article + pronoun 3rd masculine singular - that",
"*wə-kol-ha-lāylāh*": "conjunction + noun masculine singular construct + definite article + noun masculine singular - and all the night",
"*ha-bōqer*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the morning",
"*hāyāh*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - it was/came",
"*wə-rûaḥ*": "conjunction + noun feminine singular construct - and the wind of",
"*ha-qādîm*": "definite article + noun/adjective - the east",
"*nāśāʾ*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - carried/brought",
"*ʾet-hā-ʾarbeh*": "direct object marker + definite article + noun masculine singular - the locusts"
},
"variants": {
"*nihag*": "drove/led/guided/conducted",
"*rûaḥ-qādîm*": "east wind/eastern wind",
"*nāśāʾ*": "carried/lifted/brought/bore"
}
}
14 {
"verseID": "Exodus.10.14",
"source": "וַיַּ֣עַל הָֽאַרְבֶּ֗ה עַ֚ל כָּל־אֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם וַיָּ֕נַח בְּכֹ֖ל גְּב֣וּל מִצְרָ֑יִם כָּבֵ֣ד מְאֹ֔ד לְ֠פָנָיו לֹא־הָ֨יָה כֵ֤ן אַרְבֶּה֙ כָּמֹ֔הוּ וְאַחֲרָ֖יו לֹ֥א יִֽהְיֶה־כֵּֽן׃",
"text": "*wa-yaʿal* *hā-ʾarbeh* *ʿal* *kol-ʾereṣ* *miṣrayim* *wa-yānaḥ* *bə-kōl* *gəbûl* *miṣrāyim* *kābēd* *məʾōd* *lə-pānāyw* *lōʾ-hāyāh* *kēn* *ʾarbeh* *kāmōhû* *wə-ʾaḥărāyw* *lōʾ* *yihyeh-kēn*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yaʿal*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and came up",
"*hā-ʾarbeh*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the locust(s)",
"*ʿal*": "preposition - over",
"*kol-ʾereṣ*": "noun masculine singular construct + noun feminine singular construct - all the land of",
"*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt",
"*wa-yānaḥ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and rested/settled",
"*bə-kōl*": "preposition + noun masculine singular construct - in all",
"*gəbûl*": "noun masculine singular construct - territory/border of",
"*miṣrāyim*": "proper noun - Egypt",
"*kābēd*": "adjective masculine singular - heavy/severe",
"*məʾōd*": "adverb - very",
"*lə-pānāyw*": "preposition + noun masculine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - before it",
"*lōʾ-hāyāh*": "negative particle + Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - there was not",
"*kēn*": "adverb - thus/so",
"*ʾarbeh*": "noun masculine singular - locust",
"*kāmōhû*": "preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - like it",
"*wə-ʾaḥărāyw*": "conjunction + preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and after it",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*yihyeh-kēn*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular + adverb - will be so"
},
"variants": {
"*yānaḥ*": "rested/settled/alighted",
"*kābēd*": "heavy/severe/numerous/dense",
"*gəbûl*": "territory/border/region"
}
}
15 {
"verseID": "Exodus.10.15",
"source": "וַיְכַ֞ס אֶת־עֵ֣ין כָּל־הָאָרֶץ֮ וַתֶּחְשַׁ֣ךְ הָאָרֶץ֒ וַיֹּ֜אכַל אֶת־כָּל־עֵ֣שֶׂב הָאָ֗רֶץ וְאֵת֙ כָּל־פְּרִ֣י הָעֵ֔ץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר הוֹתִ֖יר הַבָּרָ֑ד וְלֹא־נוֹתַ֨ר כָּל־יֶ֧רֶק בָּעֵ֛ץ וּבְעֵ֥שֶׂב הַשָּׂדֶ֖ה בְּכָל־אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃",
"text": "*wa-yəkas* *ʾet-ʿên* *kol-hā-ʾāreṣ* *wa-teḥšak* *hā-ʾāreṣ* *wa-yōʾkal* *ʾet-kol-ʿēśeb* *hā-ʾāreṣ* *wə-ʾēt* *kol-pərî* *hā-ʿēṣ* *ʾăšer* *hôtîr* *ha-bārād* *wə-lōʾ-nôtar* *kol-yereq* *bā-ʿēṣ* *û-bə-ʿēśeb* *ha-śādeh* *bə-kol-ʾereṣ* *miṣrāyim*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yəkas*": "conjunction + Piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and it covered",
"*ʾet-ʿên*": "direct object marker + noun construct - the eye/surface of",
"*kol-hā-ʾāreṣ*": "noun masculine singular construct + definite article + noun feminine singular - all the land",
"*wa-teḥšak*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - and darkened",
"*hā-ʾāreṣ*": "definite article + noun feminine singular - the land",
"*wa-yōʾkal*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and it ate",
"*ʾet-kol-ʿēśeb*": "direct object marker + noun masculine singular construct + noun masculine singular - all the vegetation of",
"*hā-ʾāreṣ*": "definite article + noun feminine singular - the land",
"*wə-ʾēt*": "conjunction + direct object marker",
"*kol-pərî*": "noun masculine singular construct + noun masculine singular construct - all the fruit of",
"*hā-ʿēṣ*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the trees",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which",
"*hôtîr*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd masculine singular - had left",
"*ha-bārād*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the hail",
"*wə-lōʾ-nôtar*": "conjunction + negative particle + Niphal perfect 3rd masculine singular - and was not left",
"*kol-yereq*": "noun masculine singular construct + noun masculine singular - any green thing",
"*bā-ʿēṣ*": "preposition + definite article + noun masculine singular - in the trees",
"*û-bə-ʿēśeb*": "conjunction + preposition + noun masculine singular - and in the vegetation",
"*ha-śādeh*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the field",
"*bə-kol-ʾereṣ*": "preposition + noun masculine singular construct + noun feminine singular construct - in all the land of",
"*miṣrāyim*": "proper noun - Egypt"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿên*": "eye/surface/visible part",
"*teḥšak*": "became dark/was darkened",
"*yereq*": "green thing/greenery/herb",
"*hôtîr*": "had left/had spared/had left over"
}
}
16 {
"verseID": "Exodus.10.16",
"source": "וַיְמַהֵ֣ר פַּרְעֹ֔ה לִקְרֹ֖א לְמֹשֶׁ֣ה וּֽלְאַהֲרֹ֑ן וַיֹּ֗אמֶר חָטָ֛אתִי לַיהוָ֥ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֖ם וְלָכֶֽם׃",
"text": "*wa-yəmahēr* *parʿōh* *liqrōʾ* *lə-mōšeh* *û-lə-ʾahărōn* *wa-yōʾmer* *ḥāṭāʾtî* *la-YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêkem* *wə-lākem*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yəmahēr*": "conjunction + Piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he hurried",
"*parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh",
"*liqrōʾ*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to call",
"*lə-mōšeh*": "preposition + proper noun - for Moses",
"*û-lə-ʾahărōn*": "conjunction + preposition + proper noun - and for Aaron",
"*wa-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*ḥāṭāʾtî*": "Qal perfect 1st common singular - I have sinned",
"*la-YHWH*": "preposition + proper noun - against YHWH",
"*ʾĕlōhêkem*": "noun masculine plural with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your God",
"*wə-lākem*": "conjunction + preposition with 2nd masculine plural suffix - and against you"
},
"variants": {
"*yəmahēr*": "hurried/hastened/quickly",
"*ḥāṭāʾtî*": "I have sinned/I have done wrong/I have missed the mark"
}
}
17 {
"verseID": "Exodus.10.17",
"source": "וְעַתָּ֗ה שָׂ֣א נָ֤א חַטָּאתִי֙ אַ֣ךְ הַפַּ֔עַם וְהַעְתִּ֖ירוּ לַיהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֑ם וְיָסֵר֙ מֵֽעָלַ֔י רַ֖ק אֶת־הַמָּ֥וֶת הַזֶּֽה׃",
"text": "*wə-ʿattāh* *śāʾ* *nāʾ* *ḥaṭṭāʾtî* *ʾak* *ha-paʿam* *wə-haʿtîrû* *la-YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêkem* *wə-yāsēr* *mē-ʿālay* *raq* *ʾet-ha-māwet* *ha-zeh*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-ʿattāh*": "conjunction + adverb - and now",
"*śāʾ*": "Qal imperative masculine singular - lift/carry/forgive",
"*nāʾ*": "particle of entreaty - please",
"*ḥaṭṭāʾtî*": "noun feminine singular with 1st common singular suffix - my sin",
"*ʾak*": "adverb - only/surely",
"*ha-paʿam*": "definite article + noun feminine singular - this time",
"*wə-haʿtîrû*": "conjunction + Hiphil imperative masculine plural - and pray/entreat",
"*la-YHWH*": "preposition + proper noun - to YHWH",
"*ʾĕlōhêkem*": "noun masculine plural with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your God",
"*wə-yāsēr*": "conjunction + Hiphil jussive 3rd masculine singular - that he may remove",
"*mē-ʿālay*": "preposition + preposition with 1st common singular suffix - from upon me",
"*raq*": "adverb - only",
"*ʾet-ha-māwet*": "direct object marker + definite article + noun masculine singular - the death",
"*ha-zeh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun - this"
},
"variants": {
"*śāʾ*": "lift/carry/forgive/bear/take away",
"*haʿtîrû*": "pray/entreat/intercede",
"*māwet*": "death/plague/disaster"
}
}
18 {
"verseID": "Exodus.10.18",
"source": "וַיֵּצֵ֖א מֵעִ֣ם פַּרְעֹ֑ה וַיֶּעְתַּ֖ר אֶל־יְהוָֽה׃",
"text": "*wa-yēṣēʾ* *mē-ʿim* *parʿōh* *wa-yeʿtar* *ʾel-YHWH*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yēṣēʾ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he went out",
"*mē-ʿim*": "preposition + preposition - from with",
"*parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh",
"*wa-yeʿtar*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he prayed/entreated",
"*ʾel-YHWH*": "preposition + proper noun - to YHWH"
},
"variants": {
"*yeʿtar*": "prayed/entreated/interceded/pleaded"
}
}
19 {
"verseID": "Exodus.10.19",
"source": "וַיַּהֲפֹ֨ךְ יְהוָ֤ה רֽוּחַ־יָם֙ חָזָ֣ק מְאֹ֔ד וַיִּשָּׂא֙ אֶת־הָ֣אַרְבֶּ֔ה וַיִּתְקָעֵ֖הוּ יָ֣מָּה סּ֑וּף לֹ֤א נִשְׁאַר֙ אַרְבֶּ֣ה אֶחָ֔ד בְּכֹ֖ל גְּב֥וּל מִצְרָֽיִם׃",
"text": "*wa-yahăpōk* *YHWH* *rûaḥ-yām* *ḥāzāq* *məʾōd* *wa-yiśśāʾ* *ʾet-hā-ʾarbeh* *wa-yitqāʿēhû* *yāmmāh* *sûp* *lōʾ* *nišʾar* *ʾarbeh* *ʾeḥād* *bə-kōl* *gəbûl* *miṣrāyim*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yahăpōk*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and turned",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name",
"*rûaḥ-yām*": "noun feminine singular construct + noun masculine singular - wind of the sea (west wind)",
"*ḥāzāq*": "adjective masculine singular - strong",
"*məʾōd*": "adverb - very",
"*wa-yiśśāʾ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and it carried/lifted",
"*ʾet-hā-ʾarbeh*": "direct object marker + definite article + noun masculine singular - the locusts",
"*wa-yitqāʿēhû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and cast them",
"*yāmmāh*": "noun masculine singular with directional he - toward the sea",
"*sûp*": "proper noun - Reed (Sea)",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*nišʾar*": "Niphal perfect 3rd masculine singular - remained",
"*ʾarbeh*": "noun masculine singular - locust",
"*ʾeḥād*": "numeral masculine singular - one",
"*bə-kōl*": "preposition + noun masculine singular construct - in all",
"*gəbûl*": "noun masculine singular construct - territory of",
"*miṣrāyim*": "proper noun - Egypt"
},
"variants": {
"*yahăpōk*": "turned/changed/reversed",
"*rûaḥ-yām*": "west wind/sea wind",
"*yitqāʿēhû*": "cast them/drove them/thrust them"
}
}
20 {
"verseID": "Exodus.10.20",
"source": "וַיְחַזֵּ֥ק יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־לֵ֣ב פַּרְעֹ֑ה וְלֹ֥א שִׁלַּ֖ח אֶת־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ פ",
"text": "*wa-yəḥazzēq* *YHWH* *ʾet-lēb* *parʿōh* *wə-lōʾ* *šillaḥ* *ʾet-bənê* *yiśrāʾēl*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yəḥazzēq*": "conjunction + Piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he strengthened/hardened",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name",
"*ʾet-lēb*": "direct object marker + noun masculine singular construct - the heart of",
"*parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh",
"*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not",
"*šillaḥ*": "Piel perfect 3rd masculine singular - he sent away",
"*ʾet-bənê*": "direct object marker + noun masculine plural construct - the sons/children of",
"*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel"
},
"variants": {
"*yəḥazzēq*": "strengthened/hardened/made strong/made firm"
}
}
21 {
"verseID": "Exodus.10.21",
"source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֗ה נְטֵ֤ה יָֽדְךָ֙ עַל־הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וִ֥יהִי חֹ֖שֶׁךְ עַל־אֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם וְיָמֵ֖שׁ חֹֽשֶׁךְ׃",
"text": "*wa-yōʾmer* *YHWH* *ʾel-mōšeh* *nəṭēh* *yādəkā* *ʿal-ha-šāmayim* *wîhî* *ḥōšek* *ʿal-ʾereṣ* *miṣrāyim* *wə-yāmēš* *ḥōšek*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and said",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name",
"*ʾel-mōšeh*": "preposition + proper noun - to Moses",
"*nəṭēh*": "Qal imperative masculine singular - stretch out",
"*yādəkā*": "noun feminine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your hand",
"*ʿal-ha-šāmayim*": "preposition + definite article + noun masculine plural - toward the heavens",
"*wîhî*": "conjunction + Qal jussive 3rd masculine singular - that there may be",
"*ḥōšek*": "noun masculine singular - darkness",
"*ʿal-ʾereṣ*": "preposition + noun feminine singular construct - over the land of",
"*miṣrāyim*": "proper noun - Egypt",
"*wə-yāmēš*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular jussive - that may be felt",
"*ḥōšek*": "noun masculine singular - darkness"
},
"variants": {
"*yāmēš*": "may be felt/may be thick/may be tangible",
"*ḥōšek*": "darkness/obscurity"
}
}
22 {
"verseID": "Exodus.10.22",
"source": "וַיֵּ֥ט מֹשֶׁ֛ה אֶת־יָד֖וֹ עַל־הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם וַיְהִ֧י חֹֽשֶׁךְ־אֲפֵלָ֛ה בְּכָל־אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרַ֖יִם שְׁלֹ֥שֶׁת יָמִֽים׃",
"text": "*wa-yēṭ* *mōšeh* *ʾet-yādô* *ʿal-ha-šāmāyim* *wa-yəhî* *ḥōšek-ʾăpēlāh* *bə-kol-ʾereṣ* *miṣrayim* *šəlōšet* *yāmîm*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yēṭ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and stretched out",
"*mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses",
"*ʾet-yādô*": "direct object marker + noun feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his hand",
"*ʿal-ha-šāmāyim*": "preposition + definite article + noun masculine plural - toward the heavens",
"*wa-yəhî*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and there was",
"*ḥōšek-ʾăpēlāh*": "noun masculine singular construct + noun feminine singular - thick darkness",
"*bə-kol-ʾereṣ*": "preposition + noun masculine singular construct + noun feminine singular construct - in all the land of",
"*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt",
"*šəlōšet*": "numeral feminine construct - three",
"*yāmîm*": "noun masculine plural - days"
},
"variants": {
"*ḥōšek-ʾăpēlāh*": "thick darkness/deep darkness/darkness of gloom"
}
}
23 {
"verseID": "Exodus.10.23",
"source": "לֹֽא־רָא֞וּ אִ֣ישׁ אֶת־אָחִ֗יו וְלֹא־קָ֛מוּ אִ֥ישׁ מִתַּחְתָּ֖יו שְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת יָמִ֑ים וּֽלְכָל־בְּנֵ֧י יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל הָ֥יָה א֖וֹר בְּמוֹשְׁבֹתָֽם׃",
"text": "*lōʾ-rāʾû* *ʾîš* *ʾet-ʾāḥîw* *wə-lōʾ-qāmû* *ʾîš* *mi-taḥtāyw* *šəlōšet* *yāmîm* *û-lə-kol-bənê* *yiśrāʾēl* *hāyāh* *ʾôr* *bə-môšəbōtām*",
"grammar": {
"*lōʾ-rāʾû*": "negative particle + Qal perfect 3rd common plural - they did not see",
"*ʾîš*": "noun masculine singular - a man/each",
"*ʾet-ʾāḥîw*": "direct object marker + noun masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his brother",
"*wə-lōʾ-qāmû*": "conjunction + negative particle + Qal perfect 3rd common plural - and they did not rise",
"*ʾîš*": "noun masculine singular - a man/each",
"*mi-taḥtāyw*": "preposition + preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - from his place",
"*šəlōšet*": "numeral feminine construct - three",
"*yāmîm*": "noun masculine plural - days",
"*û-lə-kol-bənê*": "conjunction + preposition + noun masculine singular construct + noun masculine plural construct - but for all the children of",
"*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*hāyāh*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - there was",
"*ʾôr*": "noun masculine singular - light",
"*bə-môšəbōtām*": "preposition + noun feminine plural with 3rd masculine plural suffix - in their dwellings"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾîš*": "man/each one/each person",
"*mi-taḥtāyw*": "from his place/from where he was/from under him",
"*môšəbōtām*": "dwellings/habitations/settlements"
}
}
24 {
"verseID": "Exodus.10.24",
"source": "וַיִּקְרָ֨א פַרְעֹ֜ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֗ה וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ לְכוּ֙ עִבְד֣וּ אֶת־יְהוָ֔ה רַ֛ק צֹאנְכֶ֥ם וּבְקַרְכֶ֖ם יֻצָּ֑ג גַּֽם־טַפְּכֶ֖ם יֵלֵ֥ך עִמָּכֶֽם׃",
"text": "*wa-yiqrāʾ* *parʿōh* *ʾel-mōšeh* *wa-yōʾmer* *ləkû* *ʿibdû* *ʾet-YHWH* *raq* *ṣōʾnəkem* *û-bəqarkem* *yuṣṣāg* *gam-ṭappəkem* *yēlēk* *ʿimmākem*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yiqrāʾ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and called",
"*parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh",
"*ʾel-mōšeh*": "preposition + proper noun - to Moses",
"*wa-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and said",
"*ləkû*": "Qal imperative masculine plural - go",
"*ʿibdû*": "Qal imperative masculine plural - serve",
"*ʾet-YHWH*": "direct object marker + proper noun - YHWH",
"*raq*": "adverb - only",
"*ṣōʾnəkem*": "noun common singular with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your flocks",
"*û-bəqarkem*": "conjunction + noun masculine singular with 2nd masculine plural suffix - and your herds",
"*yuṣṣāg*": "Hophal imperfect 3rd masculine singular jussive - let be left/set",
"*gam-ṭappəkem*": "conjunction + noun masculine singular with 2nd masculine plural suffix - also your little ones",
"*yēlēk*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - may go",
"*ʿimmākem*": "preposition with 2nd masculine plural suffix - with you"
},
"variants": {
"*yuṣṣāg*": "let be left/let remain/be restrained",
"*ṭappəkem*": "your little ones/your children/your families"
}
}
25 {
"verseID": "Exodus.10.25",
"source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֔ה גַּם־אַתָּ֛ה תִּתֵּ֥ן בְּיָדֵ֖נוּ זְבָחִ֣ים וְעֹל֑וֹת וְעָשִׂ֖ינוּ לַיהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵֽינוּ׃",
"text": "*wa-yōʾmer* *mōšeh* *gam-ʾattāh* *tittēn* *bə-yādēnû* *zəbāḥîm* *wə-ʿōlôt* *wə-ʿāśînû* *la-YHWH* *ʾĕlōhênû*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and said",
"*mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses",
"*gam-ʾattāh*": "conjunction + pronoun 2nd masculine singular - you also",
"*tittēn*": "Qal imperfect 2nd masculine singular - you will give",
"*bə-yādēnû*": "preposition + noun feminine singular with 1st common plural suffix - in our hand",
"*zəbāḥîm*": "noun masculine plural - sacrifices",
"*wə-ʿōlôt*": "conjunction + noun feminine plural - and burnt offerings",
"*wə-ʿāśînû*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 1st common plural with paragogic nun - and we will make/offer",
"*la-YHWH*": "preposition + proper noun - to YHWH",
"*ʾĕlōhênû*": "noun masculine plural with 1st common plural suffix - our God"
},
"variants": {
"*bə-yādēnû*": "in our hand/into our possession/under our control",
"*zəbāḥîm*": "sacrifices/offerings"
}
}
26 {
"verseID": "Exodus.10.26",
"source": "וְגַם־מִקְנֵ֜נוּ יֵלֵ֣ךְ עִמָּ֗נוּ לֹ֤א תִשָּׁאֵר֙ פַּרְסָ֔ה כִּ֚י מִמֶּ֣נּוּ נִקַּ֔ח לַעֲבֹ֖ד אֶת־יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵ֑ינוּ וַאֲנַ֣חְנוּ לֹֽא־נֵדַ֗ע מַֽה־נַּעֲבֹד֙ אֶת־יְהוָ֔ה עַד־בֹּאֵ֖נוּ שָֽׁמָּה׃",
"text": "*wə-gam-miqnēnû* *yēlēk* *ʿimmānû* *lōʾ* *tiššāʾēr* *parsāh* *kî* *mimmennû* *niqqaḥ* *la-ʿăbōd* *ʾet-YHWH* *ʾĕlōhênû* *wa-ʾănaḥnû* *lōʾ-nēdaʿ* *mah-naʿăbōd* *ʾet-YHWH* *ʿad-bōʾēnû* *šāmmāh*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-gam-miqnēnû*": "conjunction + conjunction + noun masculine singular with 1st common plural suffix - and also our livestock",
"*yēlēk*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - will go",
"*ʿimmānû*": "preposition with 1st common plural suffix - with us",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*tiššāʾēr*": "Niphal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - will be left",
"*parsāh*": "noun feminine singular - hoof",
"*kî*": "conjunction - for/because",
"*mimmennû*": "preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - from it",
"*niqqaḥ*": "Qal imperfect 1st common plural - we will take",
"*la-ʿăbōd*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to serve",
"*ʾet-YHWH*": "direct object marker + proper noun - YHWH",
"*ʾĕlōhênû*": "noun masculine plural with 1st common plural suffix - our God",
"*wa-ʾănaḥnû*": "conjunction + pronoun 1st common plural - and we",
"*lōʾ-nēdaʿ*": "negative particle + Qal imperfect 1st common plural - do not know",
"*mah-naʿăbōd*": "interrogative + Qal imperfect 1st common plural - what we shall serve",
"*ʾet-YHWH*": "direct object marker + proper noun - YHWH",
"*ʿad-bōʾēnû*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct with 1st common plural suffix - until our coming",
"*šāmmāh*": "adverb - there"
},
"variants": {
"*miqnēnû*": "our livestock/our cattle/our property",
"*parsāh*": "hoof (metonymy for animal)",
"*naʿăbōd*": "we shall serve/we shall worship/we shall work"
}
}
27 {
"verseID": "Exodus.10.27",
"source": "וַיְחַזֵּ֥ק יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־לֵ֣ב פַּרְעֹ֑ה וְלֹ֥א אָבָ֖ה לְשַׁלְּחָֽם׃",
"text": "*wa-yəḥazzēq* *YHWH* *ʾet-lēb* *parʿōh* *wə-lōʾ* *ʾābāh* *lə-šalləḥām*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yəḥazzēq*": "conjunction + Piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he hardened",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name",
"*ʾet-lēb*": "direct object marker + noun masculine singular construct - the heart of",
"*parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh",
"*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and he did not",
"*ʾābāh*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - was willing",
"*lə-šalləḥām*": "preposition + Piel infinitive construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - to send them away"
},
"variants": {
"*yəḥazzēq*": "hardened/strengthened/made strong",
"*ʾābāh*": "was willing/consented/agreed"
}
}
28 {
"verseID": "Exodus.10.28",
"source": "וַיֹּֽאמֶר־ל֥וֹ פַרְעֹ֖ה לֵ֣ךְ מֵעָלָ֑י הִשָּׁ֣מֶר לְךָ֗ אֶל־תֹּ֙סֶף֙ רְא֣וֹת פָּנַ֔י כִּ֗י בְּי֛וֹם רְאֹתְךָ֥ פָנַ֖י תָּמֽוּת׃",
"text": "*wa-yōʾmer-lô* *parʿōh* *lēk* *mē-ʿālāy* *hiššāmer* *ləkā* *ʾel-tōsep* *rəʾôt* *pānay* *kî* *bə-yôm* *rəʾōtəkā* *pānay* *tāmût*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yōʾmer-lô*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular + preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and he said to him",
"*parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh",
"*lēk*": "Qal imperative masculine singular - go",
"*mē-ʿālāy*": "preposition + preposition with 1st singular suffix - from upon me/from me",
"*hiššāmer*": "Niphal imperative masculine singular - take heed/be careful",
"*ləkā*": "preposition with 2nd masculine singular suffix - to yourself",
"*ʾel-tōsep*": "negative particle + Hiphil imperfect 2nd masculine singular jussive - do not add",
"*rəʾôt*": "Qal infinitive construct - to see",
"*pānay*": "noun masculine plural with 1st common singular suffix - my face",
"*kî*": "conjunction - because/for",
"*bə-yôm*": "preposition + noun masculine singular construct - in the day of",
"*rəʾōtəkā*": "Qal infinitive construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your seeing",
"*pānay*": "noun masculine plural with 1st common singular suffix - my face",
"*tāmût*": "Qal imperfect 2nd masculine singular - you will die"
},
"variants": {
"*hiššāmer*": "take heed/guard yourself/be careful",
"*ʾel-tōsep*": "do not add/attempt no more/do not try again"
}
}
29 {
"verseID": "Exodus.10.29",
"source": "וַיֹּ֥אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֖ה כֵּ֣ן דִּבַּ֑רְתָּ לֹא־אֹסִ֥ף ע֖וֹד רְא֥וֹת פָּנֶֽיךָ׃ פ",
"text": "*wa-yōʾmer* *mōšeh* *kēn* *dibbartā* *lōʾ-ʾōsip* *ʿôd* *rəʾôt* *pānêkā*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and said",
"*mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses",
"*kēn*": "adverb - so/thus/rightly",
"*dibbartā*": "Piel perfect 2nd masculine singular - you have spoken",
"*lōʾ-ʾōsip*": "negative particle + Hiphil imperfect 1st common singular - I will not add",
"*ʿôd*": "adverb - again/anymore",
"*rəʾôt*": "Qal infinitive construct - to see",
"*pānêkā*": "noun masculine plural with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your face"
},
"variants": {
"*kēn dibbartā*": "you have spoken rightly/you have spoken correctly/you have spoken truly"
}
}
1 {
"verseID": "Exodus.11.1",
"source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֗ה ע֣וֹד נֶ֤גַע אֶחָד֙ אָבִ֤יא עַל־פַּרְעֹה֙ וְעַל־מִצְרַ֔יִם אֽ͏ַחֲרֵי־כֵ֕ן יְשַׁלַּ֥ח אֶתְכֶ֖ם מִזֶּ֑ה כְּשַׁ֨לְּח֔וֹ כָּלָ֕ה גָּרֵ֛שׁ יְגָרֵ֥שׁ אֶתְכֶ֖ם מִזֶּֽה",
"text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *YHWH* to-*Mōšeh* yet *negaʿ* one *ʾābîʾ* upon-*Parʿōh* and-upon-*Miṣrayim* after-*kēn* *yešallaḥ* *ʾeṯḵem* from-*zeh* when-*šalləḥô* altogether *gārēš* *yəḡārēš* *ʾeṯḵem* from-*zeh*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyōʾmer*": "qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*YHWH*": "proper name - Yahweh/LORD",
"*Mōšeh*": "proper name - Moses",
"*negaʿ*": "noun, masculine singular - plague/stroke/affliction",
"*ʾābîʾ*": "hiphil imperfect, 1st singular - I will bring",
"*Parʿōh*": "proper name - Pharaoh",
"*Miṣrayim*": "proper name - Egypt",
"*kēn*": "adverb - thus/so",
"*yešallaḥ*": "piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will send away/let go",
"*ʾeṯḵem*": "direct object marker with 2nd person plural suffix - you (plural)",
"*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun - this/here",
"*šalləḥô*": "piel infinitive construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his sending away",
"*gārēš*": "piel infinitive absolute - driving out/expelling",
"*yəḡārēš*": "piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will drive out/expel"
},
"variants": {
"*negaʿ*": "plague/stroke/affliction/blow",
"*ʾābîʾ*": "I will bring/cause to come",
"*gārēš yəḡārēš*": "emphatic construction: 'he will surely expel/thoroughly drive out'"
}
}
2 {
"verseID": "Exodus.11.2",
"source": "דַּבֶּר־נָ֖א בְּאָזְנֵ֣י הָעָ֑ם וְיִשְׁאֲל֞וּ אִ֣ישׁ ׀ מֵאֵ֣ת רֵעֵ֗הוּ וְאִשָּׁה֙ מֵאֵ֣ת רְעוּתָ֔הּ כְּלֵי־כֶ֖סֶף וּכְלֵ֥י זָהָֽב",
"text": "*Dabbēr-nāʾ* in-*ʾāznê* the-*ʿām* and-*yišʾălû* *ʾîš* from-*ʾēṯ* *rēʿēhû* and-*ʾiššâh* from-*ʾēṯ* *rəʿûṯāh* *kəlê-keseṗ* and-*kəlê* *zāhāḇ*",
"grammar": {
"*Dabbēr-nāʾ*": "piel imperative, 2nd masculine singular with particle of entreaty - speak please",
"*ʾāznê*": "noun, dual construct - ears of",
"*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the people",
"*yišʾălû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd plural - they will ask/request",
"*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man/each man",
"*ʾēṯ*": "preposition - from",
"*rēʿēhû*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his neighbor",
"*ʾiššâh*": "noun, feminine singular - woman",
"*rəʿûṯāh*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her neighbor",
"*kəlê-keseṗ*": "noun, masculine plural construct with noun - articles of silver",
"*kəlê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - articles of",
"*zāhāḇ*": "noun, masculine singular - gold"
},
"variants": {
"*nāʾ*": "particle of entreaty - please/now",
"*yišʾălû*": "ask/request/demand/borrow",
"*kəlê*": "vessels/articles/instruments"
}
}
3 {
"verseID": "Exodus.11.3",
"source": "וַיִּתֵּ֧ן יְהוָ֛ה אֶת־חֵ֥ן הָעָ֖ם בְּעֵינֵ֣י מִצְרָ֑יִם גַּ֣ם ׀ הָאִ֣ישׁ מֹשֶׁ֗ה גָּד֤וֹל מְאֹד֙ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם בְּעֵינֵ֥י עַבְדֵֽי־פַרְעֹ֖ה וּבְעֵינֵ֥י הָעָֽם",
"text": "And-*wayyittēn* *YHWH* *ʾeṯ-ḥēn* the-*ʿām* in-*ʿênê* *Miṣrāyim* also the-*ʾîš* *Mōšeh* *gāḏôl* *məʾōḏ* in-*ʾereṣ* *Miṣrayim* in-*ʿênê* *ʿaḇḏê-p̄arʿōh* and-in-*ʿênê* the-*ʿām*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyittēn*": "qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he gave",
"*YHWH*": "proper name - Yahweh/LORD",
"*ʾeṯ-ḥēn*": "direct object marker with noun, masculine singular - favor/grace",
"*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the people",
"*ʿênê*": "noun, feminine dual construct - eyes of",
"*Miṣrāyim*": "proper name - Egypt/Egyptians",
"*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the man",
"*Mōšeh*": "proper name - Moses",
"*gāḏôl*": "adjective, masculine singular - great",
"*məʾōḏ*": "adverb - very/exceedingly",
"*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land of",
"*ʿaḇḏê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - servants of",
"*p̄arʿōh*": "proper name - Pharaoh"
},
"variants": {
"*ḥēn*": "favor/grace/charm",
"*ʿênê*": "eyes/sight/opinion",
"*gāḏôl*": "great/important/significant"
}
}
4 {
"verseID": "Exodus.11.4",
"source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֔ה כֹּ֖ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֑ה כַּחֲצֹ֣ת הַלַּ֔יְלָה אֲנִ֥י יוֹצֵ֖א בְּת֥וֹךְ מִצְרָֽיִם",
"text": "And-*wayyōʾmer* *Mōšeh* thus *ʾāmar* *YHWH* about-*ḥăṣōṯ* the-*laylâh* *ʾănî* *yôṣēʾ* in-*tôḵ* *Miṣrāyim*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyōʾmer*": "qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*Mōšeh*": "proper name - Moses",
"*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he said/spoke",
"*YHWH*": "proper name - Yahweh/LORD",
"*ḥăṣōṯ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - middle/midnight",
"*laylâh*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the night",
"*ʾănî*": "personal pronoun, 1st person singular - I",
"*yôṣēʾ*": "qal participle, masculine singular - going out/coming forth",
"*tôḵ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - midst of",
"*Miṣrāyim*": "proper name - Egypt"
},
"variants": {
"*ḥăṣōṯ*": "midnight/half/dividing of the night",
"*yôṣēʾ*": "going out/will go out"
}
}
5 {
"verseID": "Exodus.11.5",
"source": "וּמֵ֣ת כָּל־בְּכוֹר֮ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַיִם֒ מִבְּכ֤וֹר פַּרְעֹה֙ הַיֹּשֵׁ֣ב עַל־כִּסְא֔וֹ עַ֚ד בְּכ֣וֹר הַשִּׁפְחָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר אַחַ֣ר הָרֵחָ֑יִם וְכֹ֖ל בְּכ֥וֹר בְּהֵמָֽה",
"text": "And-*mēṯ* all-*bəḵôr* in-*ʾereṣ* *Miṣrayim* from-*bəḵôr* *Parʿōh* the-*yōšēḇ* upon-*kisʾô* until *bəḵôr* the-*šip̄ḥâh* *ʾăšer* behind the-*rēḥāyim* and-all *bəḵôr* *bəhēmâh*",
"grammar": {
"*mēṯ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will die",
"*bəḵôr*": "noun, masculine singular construct - firstborn of",
"*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land of",
"*Miṣrayim*": "proper name - Egypt",
"*Parʿōh*": "proper name - Pharaoh",
"*yōšēḇ*": "qal participle, masculine singular with definite article - the one sitting",
"*kisʾô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his throne",
"*šip̄ḥâh*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the female servant/maidservant",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - who/which/that",
"*rēḥāyim*": "noun, dual with definite article - the millstones/handmill",
"*bəhēmâh*": "noun, feminine singular - beast/cattle/livestock"
},
"variants": {
"*mēṯ*": "perfect with future meaning - he will die/shall die",
"*šip̄ḥâh*": "female servant/maidservant/slave",
"*rēḥāyim*": "millstones/grinding stones/handmill"
}
}
6 {
"verseID": "Exodus.11.6",
"source": "וְהָֽיְתָ֛ה צְעָקָ֥ה גְדֹלָ֖ה בְּכָל־אֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם אֲשֶׁ֤ר כָּמֹ֙הוּ֙ לֹ֣א נִהְיָ֔תָה וְכָמֹ֖הוּ לֹ֥א תֹסִֽף",
"text": "And-*hāyəṯâh* *ṣəʿāqâh* *ḡəḏōlâh* in-all-*ʾereṣ* *Miṣrāyim* *ʾăšer* like-*kāmōhû* not *nihyāṯâh* and-like-*kāmōhû* not *ṯōsîp̄*",
"grammar": {
"*hāyəṯâh*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she/it will be",
"*ṣəʿāqâh*": "noun, feminine singular - cry/outcry",
"*ḡəḏōlâh*": "adjective, feminine singular - great",
"*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land of",
"*Miṣrāyim*": "proper name - Egypt",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - which/that",
"*kāmōhû*": "preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - like it",
"*nihyāṯâh*": "niphal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she/it has been/happened",
"*ṯōsîp̄*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - she/it will add/continue"
},
"variants": {
"*ṣəʿāqâh*": "cry/outcry/wail/scream",
"*nihyāṯâh*": "has been/occurred/happened",
"*ṯōsîp̄*": "will add/continue/happen again"
}
}
7 {
"verseID": "Exodus.11.7",
"source": "וּלְכֹ֣ל ׀ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל לֹ֤א יֶֽחֱרַץ־כֶּ֙לֶב֙ לְשֹׁנ֔וֹ לְמֵאִ֖ישׁ וְעַד־בְּהֵמָ֑ה לְמַ֙עַן֙ תֵּֽדְע֔וּן אֲשֶׁר֙ יַפְלֶ֣ה יְהוָ֔ה בֵּ֥ין מִצְרַ֖יִם וּבֵ֥ין יִשְׂרָאֵֽל",
"text": "And-to-all *bənê* *Yiśrāʾēl* not *yeḥĕraṣ*-*keleḇ* *ləšōnô* to-from-*ʾîš* and-until-*bəhēmâh* to-*maʿan* *tēḏəʿûn* *ʾăšer* *yap̄leh* *YHWH* between *Miṣrayim* and-between *Yiśrāʾēl*",
"grammar": {
"*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper name - Israel",
"*yeḥĕraṣ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will sharpen/point/move",
"*keleḇ*": "noun, masculine singular - dog",
"*ləšōnô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his tongue",
"*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man",
"*bəhēmâh*": "noun, feminine singular - beast/livestock",
"*maʿan*": "conjunction - in order that/so that",
"*tēḏəʿûn*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you will know",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - that/which",
"*yap̄leh*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will distinguish/separate",
"*YHWH*": "proper name - Yahweh/LORD",
"*Miṣrayim*": "proper name - Egypt",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper name - Israel"
},
"variants": {
"*yeḥĕraṣ*": "sharpen/point/move/wag",
"*yap̄leh*": "distinguish/separate/set apart/make distinction"
}
}
8 {
"verseID": "Exodus.11.8",
"source": "וְיָרְד֣וּ כָל־עֲבָדֶיךָ֩ אֵ֨לֶּה אֵלַ֜י וְהִשְׁתַּֽחֲוּוּ־לִ֣י לֵאמֹ֗ר צֵ֤א אַתָּה֙ וְכָל־הָעָ֣ם אֲשֶׁר־בְּרַגְלֶ֔יךָ וְאַחֲרֵי־כֵ֖ן אֵצֵ֑א וַיֵּצֵ֥א מֵֽעִם־פַּרְעֹ֖ה בָּחֳרִי־אָֽף",
"text": "And-*yārəḏû* all-*ʿăḇāḏeyḵā* these to-*ʾēlay* and-*hištaḥăwû*-to-me *lēʾmōr* go-out *ʾattâh* and-all-the-*ʿām* *ʾăšer*-at-*ragleyḵā* and-after-*ḵēn* *ʾēṣēʾ* and-*wayyēṣēʾ* from-with-*parʿōh* in-*ḥŏrî*-*ʾāp*",
"grammar": {
"*yārəḏû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they will come down",
"*ʿăḇāḏeyḵā*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your servants",
"*ʾēlay*": "preposition with 1st singular suffix - to me",
"*hištaḥăwû*": "hitpael perfect, 3rd common plural - they will bow down",
"*lēʾmōr*": "qal infinitive construct - to say",
"*ʾattâh*": "personal pronoun, 2nd masculine singular - you",
"*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the people",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - who/that",
"*ragleyḵā*": "noun, feminine dual construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your feet",
"*ḵēn*": "adverb - thus/so",
"*ʾēṣēʾ*": "qal imperfect, 1st singular - I will go out",
"*wayyēṣēʾ*": "qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he went out",
"*parʿōh*": "proper name - Pharaoh",
"*ḥŏrî*": "noun, masculine singular construct - burning of",
"*ʾāp*": "noun, masculine singular - nose/anger"
},
"variants": {
"*hištaḥăwû*": "bow down/prostrate/worship",
"*ʾăšer-bəragleyḵā*": "who are at your feet/who follow you",
"*ḥŏrî-ʾāp*": "burning anger/hot anger/fierce anger"
}
}
9 {
"verseID": "Exodus.11.9",
"source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה לֹא־יִשְׁמַ֥ע אֲלֵיכֶ֖ם פַּרְעֹ֑ה לְמַ֛עַן רְב֥וֹת מוֹפְתַ֖י בְּאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם",
"text": "And-*wayyōʾmer* *YHWH* to-*Mōšeh* not-*yišmaʿ* to-*ʾălêḵem* *Parʿōh* to-*maʿan* *rəḇôṯ* *môp̄əṯay* in-*ʾereṣ* *Miṣrāyim*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyōʾmer*": "qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*YHWH*": "proper name - Yahweh/LORD",
"*Mōšeh*": "proper name - Moses",
"*yišmaʿ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will hear/listen",
"*ʾălêḵem*": "preposition with 2nd masculine plural suffix - to you",
"*Parʿōh*": "proper name - Pharaoh",
"*maʿan*": "conjunction - in order that/so that",
"*rəḇôṯ*": "qal infinitive construct - to multiply/increase",
"*môp̄əṯay*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 1st singular suffix - my wonders/signs",
"*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land of",
"*Miṣrāyim*": "proper name - Egypt"
},
"variants": {
"*yišmaʿ*": "hear/listen/obey",
"*rəḇôṯ*": "multiply/increase/be many",
"*môp̄əṯay*": "my wonders/signs/miracles"
}
}
10 {
"verseID": "Exodus.11.10",
"source": "וּמֹשֶׁ֣ה וְאַהֲרֹ֗ן עָשׂ֛וּ אֶת־כָּל־הַמֹּפְתִ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה לִפְנֵ֣י פַרְעֹ֑ה וַיְחַזֵּ֤ק יְהוָה֙ אֶת־לֵ֣ב פַּרְעֹ֔ה וְלֹֽא־שִׁלַּ֥ח אֶת־בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מֵאַרְצֽוֹ",
"text": "And-*Mōšeh* and-*ʾAhărōn* *ʿāśû* *ʾeṯ*-all-the-*môp̄əṯîm* the-these before *p̄arʿōh* and-*wayəḥazzēq* *YHWH* *ʾeṯ*-*lēḇ* *Parʿōh* and-not-*šillaḥ* *ʾeṯ*-*bənê*-*Yiśrāʾēl* from-*ʾarṣô*",
"grammar": {
"*Mōšeh*": "proper name - Moses",
"*ʾAhărōn*": "proper name - Aaron",
"*ʿāśû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they did/made",
"*môp̄əṯîm*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the wonders/signs",
"*p̄arʿōh*": "proper name - Pharaoh",
"*wayəḥazzēq*": "piel imperfect consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he strengthened",
"*YHWH*": "proper name - Yahweh/LORD",
"*lēḇ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - heart of",
"*Parʿōh*": "proper name - Pharaoh",
"*šillaḥ*": "piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he sent away",
"*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper name - Israel",
"*ʾarṣô*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his land"
},
"variants": {
"*môp̄əṯîm*": "wonders/signs/miracles",
"*wayəḥazzēq*": "strengthened/hardened/made firm",
"*lēḇ*": "heart/mind/will"
}
}
1 {
"verseID": "Exodus.12.1",
"source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֣ה וְאֶֽל־אַהֲרֹ֔ן בְּאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרַ֖יִם לֵאמֹֽר׃",
"text": "*wə-yōʾmer* *Yhwh* *ʾel*-*Mōšeh* *wə-ʾel*-*ʾAhărōn* *bə-ʾereṣ* *Miṣrayim* *lēʾmōr*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he said",
"*Yhwh*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh",
"*ʾel*": "preposition - to/unto",
"*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses",
"*wə-ʾel*": "conjunction + preposition - and to/unto",
"*ʾAhărōn*": "proper noun - Aaron",
"*bə-ʾereṣ*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - in land of",
"*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt",
"*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - saying"
},
"variants": {
"*wə-yōʾmer*": "and he said/spoke/commanded",
"*Yhwh*": "LORD/Yahweh/the Eternal One",
"*bə-ʾereṣ*": "in the land of/in the territory of",
"*lēʾmōr*": "saying/to say/commanding"
}
}
2 {
"verseID": "Exodus.12.2",
"source": "הַחֹ֧דֶשׁ הַזֶּ֛ה לָכֶ֖ם רֹ֣אשׁ חֳדָשִׁ֑ים רִאשׁ֥וֹן הוּא֙ לָכֶ֔ם לְחָדְשֵׁ֖י הַשָּׁנָֽה׃",
"text": "*ha-ḥōdeš* *ha-zeh* *lākem* *rōʾš* *ḥŏdāšîm* *rīʾšôn* *hûʾ* *lākem* *lə-ḥādšê* *ha-šānâ*",
"grammar": {
"*ha-ḥōdeš*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the month",
"*ha-zeh*": "definite article + demonstrative adjective, masculine singular - this",
"*lākem*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - to/for you (plural)",
"*rōʾš*": "noun, masculine singular construct - head/beginning of",
"*ḥŏdāšîm*": "noun, masculine plural - months",
"*rīʾšôn*": "adjective, masculine singular - first",
"*hûʾ*": "3rd person masculine singular pronoun - he/it",
"*lākem*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - to/for you (plural)",
"*lə-ḥādšê*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct - for months of",
"*ha-šānâ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the year"
},
"variants": {
"*ḥōdeš*": "month/new moon",
"*rōʾš*": "head/beginning/first/chief",
"*rīʾšôn*": "first/primary/chief"
}
}
3 {
"verseID": "Exodus.12.3",
"source": "דַּבְּר֗וּ אֶֽל־כָּל־עֲדַ֤ת יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר בֶּעָשֹׂ֖ר לַחֹ֣דֶשׁ הַזֶּ֑ה וְיִקְח֣וּ לָהֶ֗ם אִ֛ישׁ שֶׂ֥ה לְבֵית־אָבֹ֖ת שֶׂ֥ה לַבָּֽיִת׃",
"text": "*dabbərû* *ʾel*-*kol*-*ʿădat* *Yiśrāʾēl* *lēʾmōr* *be-ʿāśōr* *la-ḥōdeš* *ha-zeh* *wə-yiqḥû* *lāhem* *ʾîš* *śeh* *lə-bêt*-*ʾābōt* *śeh* *la-bāyit*",
"grammar": {
"*dabbərû*": "piel imperative, 2nd person masculine plural - speak!",
"*ʾel*": "preposition - to/unto",
"*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of/whole of",
"*ʿădat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - congregation/assembly of",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - saying",
"*be-ʿāśōr*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - on tenth [day]",
"*la-ḥōdeš*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - for the month",
"*ha-zeh*": "definite article + demonstrative adjective, masculine singular - this",
"*wə-yiqḥû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they shall take",
"*lāhem*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - for themselves",
"*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man/each",
"*śeh*": "noun, masculine singular - lamb/kid",
"*lə-bêt*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - for house of",
"*ʾābōt*": "noun, masculine plural - fathers",
"*śeh*": "noun, masculine singular - lamb/kid",
"*la-bāyit*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - for the house"
},
"variants": {
"*dabbərû*": "speak/tell/command",
"*ʿădat*": "congregation/assembly/gathering",
"*śeh*": "lamb/young sheep/young goat/kid",
"*bêt-ʾābōt*": "fathers' house/ancestral house/household"
}
}
4 {
"verseID": "Exodus.12.4",
"source": "וְאִם־יִמְעַ֣ט הַבַּיִת֮ מִהְיֹ֣ת מִשֶּׂה֒ וְלָקַ֣ח ה֗וּא וּשְׁכֵנ֛וֹ הַקָּרֹ֥ב אֶל־בֵּית֖וֹ בְּמִכְסַ֣ת נְפָשֹׁ֑ת אִ֚ישׁ לְפִ֣י אָכְל֔וֹ תָּכֹ֖סּוּ עַל־הַשֶּֽׂה׃",
"text": "*wə-ʾim*-*yimʿaṭ* *ha-bayit* *mi-hĕyōt* *mi-śeh* *wə-lāqaḥ* *hûʾ* *û-šəkēnô* *ha-qārōb* *ʾel*-*bêtô* *bə-miksat* *nəpāšōt* *ʾîš* *lə-pî* *ʾoklô* *tākōssû* *ʿal*-*ha-śeh*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-ʾim*": "conjunction + conditional particle - and if",
"*yimʿaṭ*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - it is too small/few",
"*ha-bayit*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the house",
"*mi-hĕyōt*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - from being",
"*mi-śeh*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - from [consuming] a lamb",
"*wə-lāqaḥ*": "conjunction + qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he shall take",
"*hûʾ*": "3rd person masculine singular pronoun - he",
"*û-šəkēnô*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and his neighbor",
"*ha-qārōb*": "definite article + adjective, masculine singular - the near/closest",
"*ʾel*": "preposition - to",
"*bêtô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his house",
"*bə-miksat*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - in/by count of",
"*nəpāšōt*": "noun, feminine plural - persons/souls",
"*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man/each one",
"*lə-pî*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - according to",
"*ʾoklô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his eating",
"*tākōssû*": "qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural - you shall count/compute",
"*ʿal*": "preposition - for/concerning",
"*ha-śeh*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the lamb"
},
"variants": {
"*yimʿaṭ*": "be small/be few/be insufficient",
"*mi-hĕyōt*": "from being/to be/from having",
"*miksat*": "number/count/computation",
"*nəpāšōt*": "souls/persons/individuals",
"*tākōssû*": "count/compute/reckon/assign"
}
}
5 {
"verseID": "Exodus.12.5",
"source": "שֶׂ֥ה תָמִ֛ים זָכָ֥ר בֶּן־שָׁנָ֖ה יִהְיֶ֣ה לָכֶ֑ם מִן־הַכְּבָשִׂ֥ים וּמִן־הָעִזִּ֖ים תִּקָּֽחוּ׃",
"text": "*śeh* *tāmîm* *zākār* *ben*-*šānâ* *yihyeh* *lākem* *min*-*ha-kəbāśîm* *û-min*-*hā-ʿizzîm* *tiqqāḥû*",
"grammar": {
"*śeh*": "noun, masculine singular - lamb/kid",
"*tāmîm*": "adjective, masculine singular - without blemish/complete/perfect",
"*zākār*": "adjective/noun, masculine singular - male",
"*ben*": "noun, masculine singular construct - son of",
"*šānâ*": "noun, feminine singular - year",
"*yihyeh*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - it shall be",
"*lākem*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - for you (plural)",
"*min*": "preposition - from",
"*ha-kəbāśîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the sheep",
"*û-min*": "conjunction + preposition - and from",
"*hā-ʿizzîm*": "definite article + noun, feminine plural - the goats",
"*tiqqāḥû*": "qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural - you shall take"
},
"variants": {
"*śeh*": "lamb/young sheep/young goat/kid",
"*tāmîm*": "without blemish/complete/perfect/whole/sound",
"*ben-šānâ*": "one year old/yearling"
}
}
6 {
"verseID": "Exodus.12.6",
"source": "וְהָיָ֤ה לָכֶם֙ לְמִשְׁמֶ֔רֶת עַ֣ד אַרְבָּעָ֥ה עָשָׂ֛ר י֖וֹם לַחֹ֣דֶשׁ הַזֶּ֑ה וְשָׁחֲט֣וּ אֹת֗וֹ כֹּ֛ל קְהַ֥ל עֲדַֽת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בֵּ֥ין הָעַרְבָּֽיִם׃",
"text": "*wə-hāyâ* *lākem* *lə-mišmeret* *ʿad* *ʾarbāʿâ* *ʿāśār* *yôm* *la-ḥōdeš* *ha-zeh* *wə-šāḥăṭû* *ʾōtô* *kōl* *qəhal* *ʿădat*-*Yiśrāʾēl* *bên* *hā-ʿarbāyim*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-hāyâ*": "conjunction + qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - and it shall be",
"*lākem*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - for you (plural)",
"*lə-mišmeret*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - for safekeeping/custody",
"*ʿad*": "preposition - until",
"*ʾarbāʿâ*": "number, feminine - four",
"*ʿāśār*": "number, masculine - ten (forms fourteenth with previous word)",
"*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular - day",
"*la-ḥōdeš*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - for the month",
"*ha-zeh*": "definite article + demonstrative adjective, masculine singular - this",
"*wə-šāḥăṭû*": "conjunction + qal perfect 3rd person plural - and they shall slaughter",
"*ʾōtô*": "direct object marker + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - him/it",
"*kōl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of/whole of",
"*qəhal*": "noun, masculine singular construct - assembly of",
"*ʿădat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - congregation of",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*bên*": "preposition - between",
"*hā-ʿarbāyim*": "definite article + noun, masculine dual - the two evenings"
},
"variants": {
"*mišmeret*": "safekeeping/guard/watch/custody",
"*qəhal*": "assembly/congregation/gathering",
"*ʿădat*": "congregation/assembly/community",
"*bên hā-ʿarbāyim*": "between the two evenings/at twilight/at dusk"
}
}
7 {
"verseID": "Exodus.12.7",
"source": "וְלָֽקְחוּ֙ מִן־הַדָּ֔ם וְנָ֥תְנ֛וּ עַל־שְׁתֵּ֥י הַמְּזוּזֹ֖ת וְעַל־הַמַּשְׁק֑וֹף עַ֚ל הַבָּ֣תִּ֔ים אֲשֶׁר־יֹאכְל֥וּ אֹת֖וֹ בָּהֶֽם׃",
"text": "*wə-lāqəḥû* *min*-*ha-dām* *wə-nātnû* *ʿal*-*štê* *ha-məzûzōt* *wə-ʿal*-*ha-mašqôp* *ʿal* *ha-bāttîm* *ʾăšer*-*yōʾkəlû* *ʾōtô* *bāhem*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-lāqəḥû*": "conjunction + qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they shall take",
"*min*": "preposition - from",
"*ha-dām*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the blood",
"*wə-nātnû*": "conjunction + qal perfect 3rd person plural - and they shall put",
"*ʿal*": "preposition - on/upon",
"*štê*": "number, feminine dual construct - two of",
"*ha-məzûzōt*": "definite article + noun, feminine plural - the doorposts",
"*wə-ʿal*": "conjunction + preposition - and on",
"*ha-mašqôp*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the lintel",
"*ʿal*": "preposition - on/upon",
"*ha-bāttîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the houses",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that",
"*yōʾkəlû*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - they shall eat",
"*ʾōtô*": "direct object marker + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - him/it",
"*bāhem*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - in them"
},
"variants": {
"*wə-lāqəḥû*": "and they shall take/get/receive",
"*wə-nātnû*": "and they shall put/place/set/apply",
"*məzûzōt*": "doorposts/door frames/side posts",
"*mašqôp*": "lintel/upper doorpost"
}
}
8 {
"verseID": "Exodus.12.8",
"source": "וְאָכְל֥וּ אֶת־הַבָּשָׂ֖ר בַּלַּ֣יְלָה הַזֶּ֑ה צְלִי־אֵ֣שׁ וּמַצּ֔וֹת עַל־מְרֹרִ֖ים יֹאכְלֻֽהוּ׃",
"text": "*wə-ʾākəlû* *ʾet*-*ha-bāśār* *ba-laylâ* *ha-zeh* *ṣəlî*-*ʾēš* *û-maṣṣôt* *ʿal*-*mərōrîm* *yōʾkəluhû*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-ʾākəlû*": "conjunction + qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they shall eat",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*ha-bāśār*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the flesh/meat",
"*ba-laylâ*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - in the night",
"*ha-zeh*": "definite article + demonstrative adjective, masculine singular - this",
"*ṣəlî*": "noun, masculine singular construct - roasted of",
"*ʾēš*": "noun, feminine singular - fire",
"*û-maṣṣôt*": "conjunction + noun, feminine plural - and unleavened bread",
"*ʿal*": "preposition - with/upon",
"*mərōrîm*": "noun, masculine plural - bitter herbs",
"*yōʾkəluhû*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - they shall eat it"
},
"variants": {
"*bāśār*": "flesh/meat/body",
"*ṣəlî-ʾēš*": "roasted with fire/fire-roasted",
"*maṣṣôt*": "unleavened bread/matzot",
"*mərōrîm*": "bitter herbs/bitter things"
}
}
9 {
"verseID": "Exodus.12.9",
"source": "אַל־תֹּאכְל֤וּ מִמֶּ֙נּוּ֙ נָ֔א וּבָשֵׁ֥ל מְבֻשָּׁ֖ל בַּמָּ֑יִם כִּ֣י אִם־צְלִי־אֵ֔שׁ רֹאשׁ֥וֹ עַל־כְּרָעָ֖יו וְעַל־קִרְבּֽוֹ׃",
"text": "*ʾal*-*tōʾkəlû* *mimmennû* *nāʾ* *û-bāšēl* *məbuššāl* *ba-māyim* *kî* *ʾim*-*ṣəlî*-*ʾēš* *rōʾšô* *ʿal*-*kərāʿāyw* *wə-ʿal*-*qirbô*",
"grammar": {
"*ʾal*": "negative particle - do not",
"*tōʾkəlû*": "qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural - you shall eat",
"*mimmennû*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - from it",
"*nāʾ*": "adjective, masculine singular - raw/rare",
"*û-bāšēl*": "conjunction + adjective/infinitive absolute, masculine singular - and boiled",
"*məbuššāl*": "pual participle, masculine singular - cooked/boiled",
"*ba-māyim*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine plural - in the water",
"*kî*": "conjunction - but/for",
"*ʾim*": "conditional particle - if",
"*ṣəlî*": "noun, masculine singular construct - roasted of",
"*ʾēš*": "noun, feminine singular - fire",
"*rōʾšô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - its head",
"*ʿal*": "preposition - with",
"*kərāʿāyw*": "noun, feminine dual + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - its legs",
"*wə-ʿal*": "conjunction + preposition - and with",
"*qirbô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - its inner parts"
},
"variants": {
"*nāʾ*": "raw/rare/uncooked",
"*bāšēl məbuššāl*": "thoroughly boiled/cooked by boiling",
"*qirbô*": "its inner parts/entrails/inward parts"
}
}
10 {
"verseID": "Exodus.12.10",
"source": "וְלֹא־תוֹתִ֥ירוּ מִמֶּ֖נּוּ עַד־בֹּ֑קֶר וְהַנֹּתָ֥ר מִמֶּ֛נּוּ עַד־בֹּ֖קֶר בָּאֵ֥שׁ תִּשְׂרֹֽפוּ׃",
"text": "*wə-lōʾ*-*tôtîrû* *mimmennû* *ʿad*-*bōqer* *wə-ha-nōtār* *mimmennû* *ʿad*-*bōqer* *bā-ʾēš* *tiśrōpû*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not",
"*tôtîrû*": "hiphil imperfect 2nd person masculine plural - you shall leave",
"*mimmennû*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - from it",
"*ʿad*": "preposition - until",
"*bōqer*": "noun, masculine singular - morning",
"*wə-ha-nōtār*": "conjunction + definite article + niphal participle, masculine singular - and that which remains",
"*mimmennû*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - from it",
"*ʿad*": "preposition - until",
"*bōqer*": "noun, masculine singular - morning",
"*bā-ʾēš*": "preposition + definite article + noun, feminine singular - in the fire",
"*tiśrōpû*": "qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural - you shall burn"
},
"variants": {
"*tôtîrû*": "leave/leave over/leave remaining",
"*nōtār*": "that which remains/leftover/remnant",
"*tiśrōpû*": "burn/consume with fire"
}
}
11 {
"verseID": "Exodus.12.11",
"source": "וְכָכָה֮ תֹּאכְל֣וּ אֹתוֹ֒ מָתְנֵיכֶ֣ם חֲגֻרִ֔ים נֽ͏ַעֲלֵיכֶם֙ בְּרַגְלֵיכֶ֔ם וּמַקֶּלְכֶ֖ם בְּיֶדְכֶ֑ם וַאֲכַלְתֶּ֤ם אֹתוֹ֙ בְּחִפָּז֔וֹן פֶּ֥סַח ה֖וּא לַיהוָֽה׃",
"text": "*wə-kākâ* *tōʾkəlû* *ʾōtô* *motnêkem* *ḥăgurîm* *naʿălêkem* *bə-raglêkem* *û-maqqelkem* *bə-yedkem* *wa-ʾăkaltem* *ʾōtô* *bə-ḥippāzôn* *pesaḥ* *hûʾ* *la-Yhwh*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-kākâ*": "conjunction + adverb - and thus",
"*tōʾkəlû*": "qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural - you shall eat",
"*ʾōtô*": "direct object marker + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - it",
"*motnêkem*": "noun, masculine dual + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your loins",
"*ḥăgurîm*": "qal passive participle, masculine plural - girded/belted",
"*naʿălêkem*": "noun, feminine plural + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your sandals",
"*bə-raglêkem*": "preposition + noun, feminine dual + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - on your feet",
"*û-maqqelkem*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - and your staff",
"*bə-yedkem*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - in your hand",
"*wa-ʾăkaltem*": "conjunction + qal perfect 2nd person masculine plural - and you shall eat",
"*ʾōtô*": "direct object marker + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - it",
"*bə-ḥippāzôn*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - in haste",
"*pesaḥ*": "noun, masculine singular - passover",
"*hûʾ*": "3rd person masculine singular pronoun - it is",
"*la-Yhwh*": "preposition + proper noun - to/for the LORD"
},
"variants": {
"*motnêkem ḥăgurîm*": "your loins girded/your waist belted/ready for travel",
"*ḥippāzôn*": "haste/hurry/trepidation",
"*pesaḥ*": "passover/passing over"
}
}
12 {
"verseID": "Exodus.12.12",
"source": "וְעָבַרְתִּ֣י בְאֶֽרֶץ־מִצְרַיִם֮ בַּלַּ֣יְלָה הַזֶּה֒ וְהִכֵּיתִ֤י כָל־בְּכוֹר֙ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם מֵאָדָ֖ם וְעַד־בְּהֵמָ֑ה וּבְכָל־אֱלֹהֵ֥י מִצְרַ֛יִם אֶֽעֱשֶׂ֥ה שְׁפָטִ֖ים אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה׃",
"text": "*wə-ʿābarttî* *bə-ʾereṣ*-*Miṣrayim* *ba-laylâ* *ha-zeh* *wə-hikkêtî* *kol*-*bəkôr* *bə-ʾereṣ* *Miṣrayim* *mē-ʾādām* *wə-ʿad*-*bəhēmâ* *û-bə-kol*-*ʾĕlōhê* *Miṣrayim* *ʾeʿĕśeh* *šəpāṭîm* *ʾănî* *Yhwh*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-ʿābarttî*": "conjunction + qal perfect 1st person singular - and I will pass",
"*bə-ʾereṣ*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - in land of",
"*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt",
"*ba-laylâ*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - in the night",
"*ha-zeh*": "definite article + demonstrative adjective, masculine singular - this",
"*wə-hikkêtî*": "conjunction + hiphil perfect 1st person singular - and I will strike",
"*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - every",
"*bəkôr*": "noun, masculine singular - firstborn",
"*bə-ʾereṣ*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - in land of",
"*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt",
"*mē-ʾādām*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - from man",
"*wə-ʿad*": "conjunction + preposition - and unto",
"*bəhēmâ*": "noun, feminine singular - beast/animal",
"*û-bə-kol*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - and against all",
"*ʾĕlōhê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - gods of",
"*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt",
"*ʾeʿĕśeh*": "qal imperfect 1st person singular - I will execute",
"*šəpāṭîm*": "noun, masculine plural - judgments",
"*ʾănî*": "1st person singular personal pronoun - I",
"*Yhwh*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh"
},
"variants": {
"*wə-ʿābarttî*": "and I will pass through/go through/traverse",
"*wə-hikkêtî*": "and I will strike/smite/kill",
"*bəkôr*": "firstborn/first-born son",
"*šəpāṭîm*": "judgments/acts of judgment/punishments"
}
}
13 {
"verseID": "Exodus.12.13",
"source": "וְהָיָה֩ הַדָּ֨ם לָכֶ֜ם לְאֹ֗ת עַ֤ל הַבָּתִּים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אַתֶּ֣ם שָׁ֔ם וְרָאִ֙יתִי֙ אֶת־הַדָּ֔ם וּפָסַחְתִּ֖י עֲלֵכֶ֑ם וְלֹֽא־יִֽהְיֶ֨ה בָכֶ֥ם נֶ֙גֶף֙ לְמַשְׁחִ֔ית בְּהַכֹּתִ֖י בְּאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃",
"text": "*wə-hāyâ* *ha-dām* *lākem* *lə-ʾôt* *ʿal* *ha-bāttîm* *ʾăšer* *ʾattem* *šām* *wə-rāʾîtî* *ʾet*-*ha-dām* *û-pāsaḥtî* *ʿălêkem* *wə-lōʾ*-*yihyeh* *bākem* *negep* *lə-mašḥît* *bə-hakkōtî* *bə-ʾereṣ* *Miṣrāyim*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-hāyâ*": "conjunction + qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - and shall be",
"*ha-dām*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the blood",
"*lākem*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - for you",
"*lə-ʾôt*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - for a sign",
"*ʿal*": "preposition - upon",
"*ha-bāttîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the houses",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that",
"*ʾattem*": "2nd person masculine plural pronoun - you",
"*šām*": "adverb - there",
"*wə-rāʾîtî*": "conjunction + qal perfect 1st person singular - and I will see",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*ha-dām*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the blood",
"*û-pāsaḥtî*": "conjunction + qal perfect 1st person singular - and I will pass over",
"*ʿălêkem*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - over you",
"*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not",
"*yihyeh*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - shall be",
"*bākem*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - among you",
"*negep*": "noun, masculine singular - plague",
"*lə-mašḥît*": "preposition + hiphil participle, masculine singular - for destruction",
"*bə-hakkōtî*": "preposition + hiphil infinitive construct + 1st person singular suffix - in my striking",
"*bə-ʾereṣ*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - in land of",
"*Miṣrāyim*": "proper noun - Egypt"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾôt*": "sign/mark/token",
"*pāsaḥtî*": "I will pass over/skip over/protect",
"*negep*": "plague/blow/striking/death",
"*mašḥît*": "destroyer/destruction/that which destroys"
}
}
14 {
"verseID": "Exodus.12.14",
"source": "וְהָיָה֩ הַיּ֨וֹם הַזֶּ֤ה לָכֶם֙ לְזִכָּר֔וֹן וְחַגֹּתֶ֥ם אֹת֖וֹ חַ֣ג לַֽיהוָ֑ה לְדֹרֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם חֻקַּ֥ת עוֹלָ֖ם תְּחָגֻּֽהוּ׃",
"text": "*wə-hāyâ* *ha-yôm* *ha-zeh* *lākem* *lə-zikkārôn* *wə-ḥaggōtem* *ʾōtô* *ḥag* *la-Yhwh* *lə-dōrōtêkem* *ḥuqqat* *ʿôlām* *təḥāgguhû*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-hāyâ*": "conjunction + qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - and shall be",
"*ha-yôm*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the day",
"*ha-zeh*": "definite article + demonstrative adjective, masculine singular - this",
"*lākem*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - for you",
"*lə-zikkārôn*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - for a memorial",
"*wə-ḥaggōtem*": "conjunction + qal perfect 2nd person masculine plural - and you shall celebrate",
"*ʾōtô*": "direct object marker + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - it",
"*ḥag*": "noun, masculine singular - feast",
"*la-Yhwh*": "preposition + proper noun - to/for the LORD",
"*lə-dōrōtêkem*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - throughout your generations",
"*ḥuqqat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - statute of",
"*ʿôlām*": "noun, masculine singular - forever/everlasting",
"*təḥāgguhû*": "qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - you shall celebrate it"
},
"variants": {
"*zikkārôn*": "memorial/remembrance/commemoration",
"*ḥaggōtem*": "you shall celebrate/observe/keep a feast",
"*ḥag*": "feast/festival/celebration",
"*ḥuqqat ʿôlām*": "everlasting statute/perpetual ordinance"
}
}
15 {
"verseID": "Exodus.12.15",
"source": "שִׁבְעַ֤ת יָמִים֙ מַצּ֣וֹת תֹּאכֵ֔לוּ אַ֚ךְ בַּיּ֣וֹם הָרִאשׁ֔וֹן תַּשְׁבִּ֥יתוּ שְּׂאֹ֖ר מִבָּתֵּיכֶ֑ם כִּ֣י ׀ כָּל־אֹכֵ֣ל חָמֵ֗ץ וְנִכְרְתָ֞ה הַנֶּ֤פֶשׁ הַהִוא֙ מִיִּשְׂרָאֵ֔ל מִיּ֥וֹם הָרִאשֹׁ֖ן עַד־י֥וֹם הַשְּׁבִעִֽי׃",
"text": "*šibʿat* *yāmîm* *maṣṣôt* *tōʾkēlû* *ʾak* *ba-yôm* *hā-rīʾšôn* *tašbîtû* *śəʾōr* *mi-bāttêkem* *kî* *kol*-*ʾōkēl* *ḥāmēṣ* *wə-nikrətâ* *ha-nepeš* *ha-hiwʾ* *mi-Yiśrāʾēl* *mi-yôm* *hā-rīʾšōn* *ʿad*-*yôm* *ha-šəbîʿî*",
"grammar": {
"*šibʿat*": "number, feminine singular construct - seven of",
"*yāmîm*": "noun, masculine plural - days",
"*maṣṣôt*": "noun, feminine plural - unleavened bread",
"*tōʾkēlû*": "qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural - you shall eat",
"*ʾak*": "restrictive particle - however/only/surely",
"*ba-yôm*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - on the day",
"*hā-rīʾšôn*": "definite article + adjective, masculine singular - the first",
"*tašbîtû*": "hiphil imperfect 2nd person masculine plural - you shall remove",
"*śəʾōr*": "noun, masculine singular - leaven",
"*mi-bāttêkem*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - from your houses",
"*kî*": "conjunction - for",
"*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of/everyone",
"*ʾōkēl*": "qal participle, masculine singular - eating",
"*ḥāmēṣ*": "noun/adjective, masculine singular - leavened bread",
"*wə-nikrətâ*": "conjunction + niphal perfect 3rd person feminine singular - and shall be cut off",
"*ha-nepeš*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the soul/person",
"*ha-hiwʾ*": "definite article + 3rd person feminine singular pronoun - that",
"*mi-Yiśrāʾēl*": "preposition + proper noun - from Israel",
"*mi-yôm*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - from day",
"*hā-rīʾšōn*": "definite article + adjective, masculine singular - the first",
"*ʿad*": "preposition - until",
"*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular - day",
"*ha-šəbîʿî*": "definite article + adjective, masculine singular - the seventh"
},
"variants": {
"*maṣṣôt*": "unleavened bread/matzot",
"*tašbîtû*": "you shall remove/cause to cease/put away",
"*śəʾōr*": "leaven/yeast/leavening agent",
"*ḥāmēṣ*": "leavened bread/anything leavened",
"*nikrətâ*": "shall be cut off/excommunicated/excluded"
}
}
16 {
"verseID": "Exodus.12.16",
"source": "וּבַיּ֤וֹם הָרִאשׁוֹן֙ מִקְרָא־קֹ֔דֶשׁ וּבַיּוֹם֙ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֔י מִקְרָא־קֹ֖דֶשׁ יִהְיֶ֣ה לָכֶ֑ם כָּל־מְלָאכָה֙ לֹא־יֵעָשֶׂ֣ה בָהֶ֔ם אַ֚ךְ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יֵאָכֵ֣ל לְכָל־נֶ֔פֶשׁ ה֥וּא לְבַדּ֖וֹ יֵעָשֶׂ֥ה לָכֶֽם׃",
"text": "*wə* in the *yôm* the *rî'šôn* *miqrā'-qōdeš* *wə* in the *yôm* the *šəbî'î* *miqrā'-qōdeš* *yihyeh* to you; all-*məlā'kāh* not-*yē'āśeh* in them, *'ak* which *yē'ākēl* for all-*nepeš* it alone *yē'āśeh* for you.",
"grammar": {
"*wə*": "conjunction - and",
"*yôm*": "masculine singular construct - day",
"*rî'šôn*": "masculine singular adjective - first",
"*miqrā'-qōdeš*": "masculine singular construct noun + noun - holy convocation/assembly",
"*šəbî'î*": "masculine singular adjective - seventh",
"*yihyeh*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - will be",
"*məlā'kāh*": "feminine singular noun - work/labor",
"*yē'āśeh*": "niphal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - will be done/made",
"*'ak*": "adverb - only/however/surely",
"*yē'ākēl*": "niphal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - will be eaten",
"*nepeš*": "feminine singular noun - soul/person/being",
"*lākem*": "preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix - to/for you"
},
"variants": {
"*miqrā'-qōdeš*": "holy assembly/sacred convocation/holy gathering",
"*məlā'kāh*": "work/labor/occupation/craftsmanship",
"*nepeš*": "soul/person/life/being/appetite",
"*'ak*": "only/however/nevertheless/surely"
}
}
17 {
"verseID": "Exodus.12.17",
"source": "וּשְׁמַרְתֶּם֮ אֶת־הַמַּצּוֹת֒ כִּ֗י בְּעֶ֙צֶם֙ הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה הוֹצֵ֥אתִי אֶת־צִבְאוֹתֵיכֶ֖ם מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם וּשְׁמַרְתֶּ֞ם אֶת־הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּ֛ה לְדֹרֹתֵיכֶ֖ם חֻקַּ֥ת עוֹלָֽם׃",
"text": "*wə-šəmartem* *'et*-the *maṣṣôt*, *kî* in *'eṣem* the *yôm* the *zeh* *hôṣē'tî* *'et*-*ṣib'ôtêkem* from *'ereṣ* *miṣrāyim*; *wə-šəmartem* *'et*-the *yôm* the *zeh* for *dōrōtêkem* *ḥuqqat* *'ôlām*.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-šəmartem*": "conjunction + qal perfect 2nd masculine plural - and you shall observe/keep",
"*'et*": "direct object marker",
"*maṣṣôt*": "feminine plural noun - unleavened bread",
"*kî*": "conjunction - for/because",
"*'eṣem*": "feminine singular construct noun - bone/substance/self-same",
"*yôm*": "masculine singular noun - day",
"*zeh*": "masculine singular demonstrative - this",
"*hôṣē'tî*": "hiphil perfect 1st singular - I brought out",
"*ṣib'ôtêkem*": "masculine plural noun + 2nd masculine plural suffix - your hosts/armies",
"*'ereṣ*": "feminine singular construct noun - land",
"*miṣrāyim*": "proper noun - Egypt",
"*dōrōtêkem*": "masculine plural noun + 2nd masculine plural suffix - your generations",
"*ḥuqqat*": "feminine singular construct noun - statute/ordinance",
"*'ôlām*": "masculine singular noun - forever/perpetuity"
},
"variants": {
"*'eṣem*": "bone/essence/substance/self-same",
"*ṣib'ôtêkem*": "hosts/armies/divisions",
"*ḥuqqat*": "statute/ordinance/decree",
"*'ôlām*": "forever/everlasting/perpetuity"
}
}
18 {
"verseID": "Exodus.12.18",
"source": "בָּרִאשֹׁ֡ן בְּאַרְבָּעָה֩ עָשָׂ֨ר י֤וֹם לַחֹ֙דֶשׁ֙ בָּעֶ֔רֶב תֹּאכְל֖וּ מַצֹּ֑ת עַ֠ד י֣וֹם הָאֶחָ֧ד וְעֶשְׂרִ֛ים לַחֹ֖דֶשׁ בָּעָֽרֶב׃",
"text": "In the *rî'šōn* in *'arbā'āh* *'āśār* *yôm* to the *ḥōdeš* in the *'ereb* *tō'kəlû* *maṣṣōt* until *yôm* the *'eḥād* *wə-'eśrîm* to the *ḥōdeš* in the *'āreb*.",
"grammar": {
"*rî'šōn*": "masculine singular adjective - first",
"*'arbā'āh*": "feminine numeral - four",
"*'āśār*": "masculine numeral - ten",
"*yôm*": "masculine singular construct - day",
"*ḥōdeš*": "masculine singular noun - month/new moon",
"*'ereb*": "masculine singular noun - evening",
"*tō'kəlû*": "qal imperfect 2nd masculine plural - you shall eat",
"*maṣṣōt*": "feminine plural noun - unleavened bread",
"*'eḥād*": "masculine numeral - one",
"*wə-'eśrîm*": "conjunction + masculine plural numeral - and twenty",
"*'āreb*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the evening"
},
"variants": {
"*rî'šōn*": "first/beginning/best",
"*ḥōdeš*": "month/new moon",
"*'ereb*": "evening/sunset"
}
}
19 {
"verseID": "Exodus.12.19",
"source": "שִׁבְעַ֣ת יָמִ֔ים שְׂאֹ֕ר לֹ֥א יִמָּצֵ֖א בְּבָתֵּיכֶ֑ם כִּ֣י ׀ כָּל־אֹכֵ֣ל מַחְמֶ֗צֶת וְנִכְרְתָ֞ה הַנֶּ֤פֶשׁ הַהִוא֙ מֵעֲדַ֣ת יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בַּגֵּ֖ר וּבְאֶזְרַ֥ח הָאָֽרֶץ׃",
"text": "*šib'at* *yāmîm* *śə'ōr* not *yimmāṣē'* in *bāttêkem*, *kî* all-*'ōkēl* *maḥmeṣet* *wə-nikrətāh* the *nepeš* the *hî'* from *'ădat* *yiśrā'ēl*, with the *gēr* and with *'ezraḥ* the *'āreṣ*.",
"grammar": {
"*šib'at*": "feminine numeral construct - seven",
"*yāmîm*": "masculine plural noun - days",
"*śə'ōr*": "masculine singular noun - leaven",
"*yimmāṣē'*": "niphal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - will be found",
"*bāttêkem*": "masculine plural noun + 2nd masculine plural suffix - your houses",
"*kî*": "conjunction - for/because",
"*'ōkēl*": "qal participle masculine singular - eating",
"*maḥmeṣet*": "feminine singular noun - anything leavened",
"*wə-nikrətāh*": "conjunction + niphal perfect 3rd feminine singular - and will be cut off",
"*nepeš*": "feminine singular noun - soul/person",
"*hî'*": "feminine singular demonstrative - that",
"*'ădat*": "feminine singular construct - congregation/assembly",
"*yiśrā'ēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*gēr*": "masculine singular noun - sojourner/foreigner",
"*'ezraḥ*": "masculine singular construct - native born",
"*'āreṣ*": "feminine singular noun - land/earth"
},
"variants": {
"*śə'ōr*": "leaven/yeast",
"*maḥmeṣet*": "anything leavened/fermented",
"*nikrətāh*": "cut off/destroyed/excluded",
"*nepeš*": "soul/person/life/being",
"*'ădat*": "congregation/assembly/community",
"*gēr*": "sojourner/foreigner/resident alien",
"*'ezraḥ*": "native born/citizen"
}
}
20 {
"verseID": "Exodus.12.20",
"source": "כָּל־מַחְמֶ֖צֶת לֹ֣א תֹאכֵ֑לוּ בְּכֹל֙ מוֹשְׁבֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם תֹּאכְל֖וּ מַצּֽוֹת׃",
"text": "All-*maḥmeṣet* not *tō'kēlû*; in all *môšəbōtêkem* *tō'kəlû* *maṣṣôt*.",
"grammar": {
"*maḥmeṣet*": "feminine singular noun - anything leavened",
"*tō'kēlû*": "qal imperfect 2nd masculine plural - you shall eat",
"*môšəbōtêkem*": "masculine plural noun + 2nd masculine plural suffix - your dwellings/habitations",
"*maṣṣôt*": "feminine plural noun - unleavened bread"
},
"variants": {
"*maḥmeṣet*": "anything leavened/fermented",
"*môšəbōtêkem*": "dwellings/habitations/settlements"
}
}
21 {
"verseID": "Exodus.12.21",
"source": "וַיִּקְרָ֥א מֹשֶׁ֛ה לְכָל־זִקְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲלֵהֶ֑ם מִֽשְׁכ֗וּ וּקְח֨וּ לָכֶ֥ם צֹ֛אן לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתֵיכֶ֖ם וְשַׁחֲט֥וּ הַפָּֽסַח׃",
"text": "*wa-yiqrā'* *mōšeh* to all-*ziqnê* *yiśrā'ēl* *wa-yō'mer* to them: *miškû* and *qəḥû* for you *ṣō'n* for *mišpəḥōtêkem* and *šaḥăṭû* the *pāsaḥ*.",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yiqrā'*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he called",
"*mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses",
"*ziqnê*": "masculine plural construct noun - elders of",
"*yiśrā'ēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*wa-yō'mer*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*miškû*": "qal imperative masculine plural - draw out/select",
"*qəḥû*": "qal imperative masculine plural - take",
"*ṣō'n*": "collective noun - flock/sheep",
"*mišpəḥōtêkem*": "feminine plural noun + 2nd masculine plural suffix - your families",
"*šaḥăṭû*": "qal imperative masculine plural - slaughter",
"*pāsaḥ*": "noun with definite article - the passover"
},
"variants": {
"*miškû*": "draw out/select/pull/withdraw",
"*ṣō'n*": "flock/sheep/goats",
"*pāsaḥ*": "passover/passover sacrifice"
}
}
22 {
"verseID": "Exodus.12.22",
"source": "וּלְקַחְתֶּ֞ם אֲגֻדַּ֣ת אֵז֗וֹב וּטְבַלְתֶּם֮ בַּדָּ֣ם אֲשֶׁר־בַּסַּף֒ וְהִגַּעְתֶּ֤ם אֶל־הַמַּשְׁקוֹף֙ וְאֶל־שְׁתֵּ֣י הַמְּזוּזֹ֔ת מִן־הַדָּ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּסָּ֑ף וְאַתֶּ֗ם לֹ֥א תֵצְא֛וּ אִ֥ישׁ מִפֶּֽתַח־בֵּית֖וֹ עַד־בֹּֽקֶר׃",
"text": "*wə-lqaḥtem* *'ăguddat* *'ēzôb* *ū-ṭəbaltem* in the *dām* which-in the *sap* *wə-higga'tem* to-the *mašqôp* and to-*šətê* the *məzûzōt* from-the *dām* which in the *sāp*; and *'attem* not *tēṣə'û* *'îš* from *petaḥ*-*bêtô* until-*bōqer*.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-lqaḥtem*": "conjunction + qal perfect 2nd masculine plural - and you shall take",
"*'ăguddat*": "feminine singular construct - bundle of",
"*'ēzôb*": "masculine singular noun - hyssop",
"*ū-ṭəbaltem*": "conjunction + qal perfect 2nd masculine plural - and you shall dip",
"*dām*": "masculine singular noun - blood",
"*sap*": "masculine singular noun - basin/threshold",
"*wə-higga'tem*": "conjunction + hiphil perfect 2nd masculine plural - and you shall touch/apply",
"*mašqôp*": "masculine singular noun - lintel",
"*šətê*": "feminine dual construct - two of",
"*məzûzōt*": "feminine plural noun - doorposts",
"*'attem*": "2nd masculine plural pronoun - you",
"*tēṣə'û*": "qal imperfect 2nd masculine plural - you shall go out",
"*'îš*": "masculine singular noun - man/each",
"*petaḥ*": "masculine singular construct - opening/door of",
"*bêtô*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his house",
"*bōqer*": "masculine singular noun - morning"
},
"variants": {
"*'ăguddat*": "bundle/bunch",
"*'ēzôb*": "hyssop (plant)",
"*sap*": "basin/threshold/bowl",
"*mašqôp*": "lintel/upper doorpost",
"*məzûzōt*": "doorposts/side posts",
"*'îš*": "man/each one/anyone"
}
}
23 {
"verseID": "Exodus.12.23",
"source": "וְעָבַ֣ר יְהוָה֮ לִנְגֹּ֣ף אֶת־מִצְרַיִם֒ וְרָאָ֤ה אֶת־הַדָּם֙ עַל־הַמַּשְׁק֔וֹף וְעַ֖ל שְׁתֵּ֣י הַמְּזוּזֹ֑ת וּפָסַ֤ח יְהוָה֙ עַל־הַפֶּ֔תַח וְלֹ֤א יִתֵּן֙ הַמַּשְׁחִ֔ית לָבֹ֥א אֶל־בָּתֵּיכֶ֖ם לִנְגֹּֽף׃",
"text": "*wə-'ābar* *YHWH* to *lingōp* *'et*-*miṣrayim* *wə-rā'āh* *'et*-the *dām* on-the *mašqôp* and on *šətê* the *məzûzōt*; *ū-pāsaḥ* *YHWH* on-the *petaḥ* and not *yittēn* the *mašḥît* to *lābō'* to-*bāttêkem* to *lingōp*.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-'ābar*": "conjunction + qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - and will pass over",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD",
"*lingōp*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to strike/plague",
"*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt",
"*wə-rā'āh*": "conjunction + qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - and will see",
"*dām*": "masculine singular noun - blood",
"*mašqôp*": "masculine singular noun - lintel",
"*šətê*": "feminine dual construct - two of",
"*məzûzōt*": "feminine plural noun - doorposts",
"*ū-pāsaḥ*": "conjunction + qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - and will pass over",
"*petaḥ*": "masculine singular noun - opening/door",
"*yittēn*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - will allow/give",
"*mašḥît*": "hiphil participle masculine singular - destroyer",
"*lābō'*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to come/enter",
"*bāttêkem*": "masculine plural noun + 2nd masculine plural suffix - your houses",
"*lingōp*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to strike/plague"
},
"variants": {
"*'ābar*": "pass over/through/by",
"*lingōp*": "to strike/plague/smite",
"*pāsaḥ*": "pass over/skip/protect",
"*mašḥît*": "destroyer/destruction"
}
}
24 {
"verseID": "Exodus.12.24",
"source": "וּשְׁמַרְתֶּ֖ם אֶת־הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֑ה לְחָק־לְךָ֥ וּלְבָנֶ֖יךָ עַד־עוֹלָֽם׃",
"text": "*ū-šəmartem* *'et*-the *dābār* the *zeh* for *ḥōq*-for you and for *bānêkā* until-*'ôlām*.",
"grammar": {
"*ū-šəmartem*": "conjunction + qal perfect 2nd masculine plural - and you shall observe/keep",
"*dābār*": "masculine singular noun - word/thing/matter",
"*zeh*": "masculine singular demonstrative - this",
"*ḥōq*": "masculine singular noun - statute/decree",
"*bānêkā*": "masculine plural noun + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your sons",
"*'ôlām*": "masculine singular noun - forever/perpetuity"
},
"variants": {
"*šəmartem*": "keep/observe/guard",
"*dābār*": "word/thing/matter/command",
"*ḥōq*": "statute/decree/ordinance",
"*'ôlām*": "forever/eternity/perpetuity"
}
}
25 {
"verseID": "Exodus.12.25",
"source": "וְהָיָ֞ה כִּֽי־תָבֹ֣אוּ אֶל־הָאָ֗רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִתֵּ֧ן יְהוָ֛ה לָכֶ֖ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר דִּבֵּ֑ר וּשְׁמַרְתֶּ֖ם אֶת־הָעֲבֹדָ֥ה הַזֹּֽאת׃",
"text": "*wə-hāyāh* *kî*-*tābō'û* to-the *'āreṣ* which *yittēn* *YHWH* to you as which *dibbēr*; *ū-šəmartem* *'et*-the *'ăbōdāh* the *zō't*.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-hāyāh*": "conjunction + qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - and it will be",
"*kî*": "conjunction - when",
"*tābō'û*": "qal imperfect 2nd masculine plural - you will come/enter",
"*'āreṣ*": "feminine singular noun - land",
"*yittēn*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - will give",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD",
"*dibbēr*": "piel perfect 3rd masculine singular - spoke/promised",
"*ū-šəmartem*": "conjunction + qal perfect 2nd masculine plural - and you shall observe/keep",
"*'ăbōdāh*": "feminine singular noun - service/ceremony/worship",
"*zō't*": "feminine singular demonstrative - this"
},
"variants": {
"*'āreṣ*": "land/earth/ground/territory",
"*'ăbōdāh*": "service/worship/ceremony/ritual"
}
}
26 {
"verseID": "Exodus.12.26",
"source": "וְהָיָ֕ה כִּֽי־יֹאמְר֥וּ אֲלֵיכֶ֖ם בְּנֵיכֶ֑ם מָ֛ה הָעֲבֹדָ֥ה הַזֹּ֖את לָכֶֽם׃",
"text": "*wə-hāyāh* *kî*-*yō'mərû* to you *bənêkem*: *māh* the *'ăbōdāh* the *zō't* to you?",
"grammar": {
"*wə-hāyāh*": "conjunction + qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - and it will be",
"*kî*": "conjunction - when",
"*yō'mərû*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they will say",
"*bənêkem*": "masculine plural noun + 2nd masculine plural suffix - your sons",
"*māh*": "interrogative - what",
"*'ăbōdāh*": "feminine singular noun - service/ceremony/worship",
"*zō't*": "feminine singular demonstrative - this"
},
"variants": {
"*bənêkem*": "sons/children",
"*'ăbōdāh*": "service/worship/ceremony/ritual"
}
}
27 {
"verseID": "Exodus.12.27",
"source": "וַאֲמַרְתֶּ֡ם זֶֽבַח־פֶּ֨סַח ה֜וּא לַֽיהוָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר פָּ֠סַח עַל־בָּתֵּ֤י בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ בְּמִצְרַ֔יִם בְּנָגְפּ֥וֹ אֶת־מִצְרַ֖יִם וְאֶת־בָּתֵּ֣ינוּ הִצִּ֑יל וַיִּקֹּ֥ד הָעָ֖ם וַיִּֽשְׁתַּחֲוּֽוּ׃",
"text": "*wa-'ămartem* *zebaḥ*-*pesaḥ* *hû'* to *YHWH*, which *pāsaḥ* over-*bāttê* *bənê*-*yiśrā'ēl* in *miṣrayim*, in *nāgpô* *'et*-*miṣrayim* and *'et*-*bāttênû* *hiṣṣîl*; *wa-yiqqōd* the *'ām* *wa-yištaḥăwû*.",
"grammar": {
"*wa-'ămartem*": "conjunction + qal perfect 2nd masculine plural - and you shall say",
"*zebaḥ*": "masculine singular construct - sacrifice of",
"*pesaḥ*": "noun - passover",
"*hû'*": "3rd masculine singular pronoun - it",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD",
"*pāsaḥ*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - passed over",
"*bāttê*": "masculine plural construct - houses of",
"*bənê*": "masculine plural construct - sons/children of",
"*yiśrā'ēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt",
"*nāgpô*": "qal infinitive construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his striking",
"*bāttênû*": "masculine plural noun + 1st plural suffix - our houses",
"*hiṣṣîl*": "hiphil perfect 3rd masculine singular - saved/delivered",
"*wa-yiqqōd*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and bowed down",
"*'ām*": "masculine singular noun - people",
"*wa-yištaḥăwû*": "conjunction + hishtaphel imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they prostrated themselves"
},
"variants": {
"*zebaḥ*": "sacrifice/offering",
"*pesaḥ*": "passover/passover sacrifice",
"*pāsaḥ*": "passed over/skipped/protected",
"*nāgpô*": "striking/plaguing/smiting",
"*hiṣṣîl*": "delivered/saved/rescued",
"*yiqqōd*": "bowed/bent down",
"*yištaḥăwû*": "prostrated themselves/worshipped"
}
}
28 {
"verseID": "Exodus.12.28",
"source": "וַיֵּלְכ֥וּ וַֽ[t]יַּעֲשׂ֖וּ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר צִוָּ֧ה יְהוָ֛ה אֶת־מֹשֶׁ֥ה וְאַהֲרֹ֖ן כֵּ֥ן עָשֽׂוּ׃",
"text": "*wa-yēlkû* *wa-ya'ăśû* *bənê* *yiśrā'ēl* as which *ṣiwwāh* *YHWH* *'et*-*mōšeh* and *'ahărōn* so *'āśû*.",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yēlkû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they went",
"*wa-ya'ăśû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they did",
"*bənê*": "masculine plural construct - sons/children of",
"*yiśrā'ēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*ṣiwwāh*": "piel perfect 3rd masculine singular - commanded",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD",
"*mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses",
"*'ahărōn*": "proper noun - Aaron",
"*'āśû*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine plural - they did"
},
"variants": {
"*yēlkû*": "went/departed",
"*ya'ăśû*": "did/made/performed",
"*ṣiwwāh*": "commanded/ordered"
}
}
29 {
"verseID": "Exodus.12.29",
"source": "וַיְהִ֣י ׀ בַּחֲצִ֣י הַלַּ֗יְלָה וַֽיהוָה֮ הִכָּ֣ה כָל־בְּכוֹר֮ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַיִם֒ מִבְּכֹ֤ר פַּרְעֹה֙ הַיֹּשֵׁ֣ב עַל־כִּסְא֔וֹ עַ֚ד בְּכ֣וֹר הַשְּׁבִ֔י אֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּבֵ֣ית הַבּ֑וֹר וְכֹ֖ל בְּכ֥וֹר בְּהֵמָֽה׃",
"text": "*wa-yəhî* in *ḥăṣî* the *laylāh* and *YHWH* *hikkāh* all-*bəkôr* in *'ereṣ* *miṣrayim*, from *bəkōr* *par'ōh* the *yōšēb* on-*kis'ô* until *bəkôr* the *šəbî* which in *bêt* the *bôr*, and all *bəkôr* *bəhēmāh*.",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yəhî*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and it happened",
"*ḥăṣî*": "masculine singular construct - half/middle of",
"*laylāh*": "masculine singular noun - night",
"*hikkāh*": "hiphil perfect 3rd masculine singular - struck",
"*bəkôr*": "masculine singular noun - firstborn",
"*'ereṣ*": "feminine singular construct - land of",
"*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt",
"*bəkōr*": "masculine singular construct - firstborn of",
"*par'ōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh",
"*yōšēb*": "qal participle masculine singular - sitting",
"*kis'ô*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his throne",
"*bəkôr*": "masculine singular construct - firstborn of",
"*šəbî*": "masculine singular noun - captive/prisoner",
"*bêt*": "masculine singular construct - house of",
"*bôr*": "masculine singular noun - pit/dungeon",
"*bəkôr*": "masculine singular construct - firstborn of",
"*bəhēmāh*": "feminine singular noun - beast/cattle"
},
"variants": {
"*ḥăṣî*": "half/middle/midnight",
"*hikkāh*": "struck/smote/killed",
"*bəkôr*": "firstborn/firstling",
"*yōšēb*": "sitting/dwelling",
"*šəbî*": "captive/prisoner",
"*bôr*": "pit/dungeon/prison",
"*bəhēmāh*": "beast/cattle/livestock"
}
}
30 {
"verseID": "Exodus.12.30",
"source": "וַיָּ֨קָם פַּרְעֹ֜ה לַ֗יְלָה ה֤וּא וְכָל־עֲבָדָיו֙ וְכָל־מִצְרַ֔יִם וַתְּהִ֛י צְעָקָ֥ה גְדֹלָ֖ה בְּמִצְרָ֑יִם כִּֽי־אֵ֣ין בַּ֔יִת אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֵֽין־שָׁ֖ם מֵֽת׃",
"text": "And *wayyāqām* *parʿōh* *laylāh* he and all-*ʿăḇāḏāyw* and all-*miṣrayim* and *wattəhî* *ṣəʿāqāh* *gəḏōlāh* in-*miṣrāyim* because-not *bayiṯ* which not-there *mēṯ*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyāqām*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he arose",
"*parʿōh*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Pharaoh",
"*laylāh*": "noun masculine singular - night",
"*ʿăḇāḏāyw*": "noun masculine plural construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his servants",
"*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt/Egyptians",
"*wattəhî*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - and there was",
"*ṣəʿāqāh*": "noun feminine singular - cry/outcry",
"*gəḏōlāh*": "adjective feminine singular - great",
"*bayiṯ*": "noun masculine singular - house",
"*mēṯ*": "noun masculine singular - dead one/corpse"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyāqām*": "arose/got up/stood",
"*laylāh*": "night/nighttime",
"*ṣəʿāqāh*": "crying/wailing/outcry/shriek",
"*gəḏōlāh*": "great/loud/intense",
"*bayiṯ*": "house/household/dwelling"
}
}
31 {
"verseID": "Exodus.12.31",
"source": "וַיִּקְרָא֩ לְמֹשֶׁ֨ה וּֽלְאַהֲרֹ֜ן לַ֗יְלָה וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ ק֤וּמוּ צְּאוּ֙ מִתּ֣וֹךְ עַמִּ֔י גַּם־אַתֶּ֖ם גַּם־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וּלְכ֛וּ עִבְד֥וּ אֶת־יְהוָ֖ה כְּדַבֶּרְכֶֽם׃",
"text": "And *wayyiqrā* to-*mōšeh* and-to-*ʾahărōn* *laylāh* and *wayyōmer* *qūmū* *ṣəʾū* from-midst *ʿammî* *gam*-you *gam*-*bənê* *yiśrāʾēl* and-*ləḵū* *ʿiḇḏū* *ʾeṯ*-*Yhwh* as-*kəḏabberḵem*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyiqrā*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he called",
"*mōšeh*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Moses",
"*ʾahărōn*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Aaron",
"*laylāh*": "noun masculine singular - night",
"*wayyōmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*qūmū*": "qal imperative masculine plural - arise/get up",
"*ṣəʾū*": "qal imperative masculine plural - go out",
"*ʿammî*": "noun masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my people",
"*gam*": "adverb - also/even",
"*bənê*": "noun masculine plural construct - sons of",
"*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*ləḵū*": "qal imperative masculine plural - go",
"*ʿiḇḏū*": "qal imperative masculine plural - serve/worship",
"*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*Yhwh*": "proper noun - LORD/YHWH",
"*kəḏabberḵem*": "preposition + piel infinitive construct with 2nd masculine plural suffix - as you have spoken"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyiqrā*": "called/summoned/invited",
"*laylāh*": "night/nighttime",
"*qūmū*": "arise/stand up/get up",
"*ṣəʾū*": "go out/depart/exit",
"*ʿammî*": "my people/my nation/my folk",
"*ʿiḇḏū*": "serve/worship/work for"
}
}
32 {
"verseID": "Exodus.12.32",
"source": "גַּם־צֹאנְכֶ֨ם גַּם־בְּקַרְכֶ֥ם קְח֛וּ כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבַּרְתֶּ֖ם וָלֵ֑כוּ וּבֵֽרַכְתֶּ֖ם גַּם־אֹתִֽי׃",
"text": "*Gam*-*ṣōʾnḵem* *gam*-*bəqarḵem* *qəḥū* as *kaʾăšer* *dibbartem* and-*wālēḵū* and-*ḇēraḵtem* *gam*-*ʾōṯî*.",
"grammar": {
"*gam*": "adverb - also/even",
"*ṣōʾnḵem*": "noun feminine singular with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your flocks",
"*bəqarḵem*": "noun masculine singular with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your cattle",
"*qəḥū*": "qal imperative masculine plural - take",
"*kaʾăšer*": "preposition + relative pronoun - as/just as",
"*dibbartem*": "piel perfect 2nd masculine plural - you have spoken",
"*wālēḵū*": "waw conjunctive + qal imperative masculine plural - and go",
"*ḇēraḵtem*": "piel perfect 2nd masculine plural - you shall bless",
"*ʾōṯî*": "direct object marker with 1st person singular suffix - me"
},
"variants": {
"*ṣōʾnḵem*": "your flocks/your sheep and goats",
"*bəqarḵem*": "your cattle/your herds",
"*qəḥū*": "take/bring/lead away",
"*ḇēraḵtem*": "bless/praise/speak well of"
}
}
33 {
"verseID": "Exodus.12.33",
"source": "וַתֶּחֱזַ֤ק מִצְרַ֙יִם֙ עַל־הָעָ֔ם לְמַהֵ֖ר לְשַׁלְּחָ֣ם מִן־הָאָ֑רֶץ כִּ֥י אָמְר֖וּ כֻּלָּ֥נוּ מֵתִֽים׃",
"text": "And *wattĕḥĕzaq* *miṣrayim* upon-*hāʿām* to-*ləmahēr* to-*ləšalləḥām* from-*hāʾāreṣ* because *ʾāmrū* all-*kullānū* *mēṯîm*.",
"grammar": {
"*wattĕḥĕzaq*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - and was strong/urgent",
"*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt/Egyptians",
"*hāʿām*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the people",
"*ləmahēr*": "preposition + piel infinitive construct - to hasten",
"*ləšalləḥām*": "preposition + piel infinitive construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - to send them away",
"*hāʾāreṣ*": "definite article + noun feminine singular - the land",
"*ʾāmrū*": "qal perfect 3rd common plural - they said",
"*kullānū*": "noun masculine singular with 1st common plural suffix - all of us",
"*mēṯîm*": "adjective masculine plural - dead"
},
"variants": {
"*wattĕḥĕzaq*": "was urgent/pressed hard/was strong",
"*ləmahēr*": "to hasten/to hurry/to speed up",
"*ləšalləḥām*": "to send them away/to dismiss them/to let them go",
"*hāʾāreṣ*": "the land/the country/the earth"
}
}
34 {
"verseID": "Exodus.12.34",
"source": "וַיִּשָּׂ֥א הָעָ֛ם אֶת־בְּצֵק֖וֹ טֶ֣רֶם יֶחְמָ֑ץ מִשְׁאֲרֹתָ֛ם צְרֻרֹ֥ת בְּשִׂמְלֹתָ֖ם עַל־שִׁכְמָֽם׃",
"text": "And *wayyiśśāʾ* *hāʿām* *ʾeṯ*-*bəṣēqô* *ṭerem* *yeḥmāṣ* *mišʾărōṯām* *ṣərūrōṯ* in-*śimlōṯām* upon-*šiḵmām*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyiśśāʾ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and carried/lifted",
"*hāʿām*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the people",
"*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*bəṣēqô*": "noun masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - their dough",
"*ṭerem*": "adverb - before/not yet",
"*yeḥmāṣ*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - it was leavened",
"*mišʾărōṯām*": "noun feminine plural with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their kneading troughs",
"*ṣərūrōṯ*": "qal passive participle feminine plural - bound up",
"*śimlōṯām*": "noun feminine plural with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their garments/clothes",
"*šiḵmām*": "noun masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their shoulders"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyiśśāʾ*": "carried/took/lifted",
"*bəṣēqô*": "their dough/their mixture",
"*ṭerem*": "before/not yet/ere",
"*yeḥmāṣ*": "was leavened/fermented",
"*mišʾărōṯām*": "their kneading troughs/their kneading bowls",
"*ṣərūrōṯ*": "bound up/tied/wrapped",
"*śimlōṯām*": "their clothes/their garments/their mantles"
}
}
35 {
"verseID": "Exodus.12.35",
"source": "וּבְנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֥ל עָשׂ֖וּ כִּדְבַ֣ר מֹשֶׁ֑ה וַֽיִּשְׁאֲלוּ֙ מִמִּצְרַ֔יִם כְּלֵי־כֶ֛סֶף וּכְלֵ֥י זָהָ֖ב וּשְׂמָלֹֽת׃",
"text": "And-*ḇənê*-*yiśrāʾēl* *ʿāśû* according-*kiḏḇar* *mōšeh* and-*wayyišʾălû* from-*mimmiṣrayim* *kəlê*-*ḵeseḕ* and-*ûḵəlê* *zāhāḇ* and-*ûśəmālōṯ*.",
"grammar": {
"*ḇənê*": "noun masculine plural construct - sons of",
"*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*ʿāśû*": "qal perfect 3rd common plural - they did/made",
"*kiḏḇar*": "preposition + noun masculine singular construct - according to word of",
"*mōšeh*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Moses",
"*wayyišʾălû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they asked/requested",
"*mimmiṣrayim*": "preposition + proper noun - from Egypt/Egyptians",
"*kəlê*": "noun masculine plural construct - articles/vessels of",
"*ḵeseḕ*": "noun masculine singular - silver",
"*ûḵəlê*": "waw conjunction + noun masculine plural construct - and articles/vessels of",
"*zāhāḇ*": "noun masculine singular - gold",
"*ûśəmālōṯ*": "waw conjunction + noun feminine plural - and garments/clothes"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿāśû*": "did/made/performed",
"*kiḏḇar*": "according to word of/as directed by",
"*wayyišʾălû*": "asked for/requested/borrowed",
"*kəlê*": "articles/vessels/utensils",
"*ḵeseḕ*": "silver/money",
"*zāhāḇ*": "gold",
"*ûśəmālōṯ*": "and clothes/and garments/and raiment"
}
}
36 {
"verseID": "Exodus.12.36",
"source": "וַֽיהוָ֞ה נָתַ֨ן אֶת־חֵ֥ן הָעָ֛ם בְּעֵינֵ֥י מִצְרַ֖יִם וַיַּשְׁאִל֑וּם וַֽיְנַצְּל֖וּ אֶת־מִצְרָֽיִם׃",
"text": "And-*waYhwh* *nāṯan* *ʾeṯ*-*ḥēn* *hāʿām* in-*bəʿênê* *miṣrayim* and-*wayyašʾilûm* and-*waynaṣṣəlû* *ʾeṯ*-*miṣrāyim*.",
"grammar": {
"*waYhwh*": "waw conjunction + proper noun - and YHWH/LORD",
"*nāṯan*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - gave/placed",
"*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*ḥēn*": "noun masculine singular - favor/grace",
"*hāʿām*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the people",
"*bəʿênê*": "preposition + noun feminine dual construct - in eyes of",
"*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt/Egyptians",
"*wayyašʾilûm*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine plural with 3rd masculine plural suffix - and they let them ask/granted their request",
"*waynaṣṣəlû*": "waw consecutive + piel imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they despoiled/plundered",
"*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*miṣrāyim*": "proper noun - Egypt/Egyptians"
},
"variants": {
"*nāṯan*": "gave/granted/placed",
"*ḥēn*": "favor/grace/goodwill",
"*bəʿênê*": "in eyes of/in sight of/in view of",
"*wayyašʾilûm*": "they granted their request/they let them have/they lent to them",
"*waynaṣṣəlû*": "they despoiled/they plundered/they stripped"
}
}
37 {
"verseID": "Exodus.12.37",
"source": "וַיִּסְע֧וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל מֵרַעְמְסֵ֖ס סֻכֹּ֑תָה כְּשֵׁשׁ־מֵא֨וֹת אֶ֧לֶף רַגְלִ֛י הַגְּבָרִ֖ים לְבַ֥ד מִטָּֽף׃",
"text": "And-*wayyisʿû* *ḇənê*-*yiśrāʾēl* from-*mēraʿməsēs* *sukkōṯāh* about-*kəšēš*-*mēʾôṯ* *ʾeleḕ* *raḡlî* *haggəḇārîm* *ləḇaḏ* from-*miṭṭāḕ*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyisʿû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they journeyed/set out",
"*ḇənê*": "noun masculine plural construct - sons of",
"*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*mēraʿməsēs*": "preposition + proper noun - from Rameses",
"*sukkōṯāh*": "proper noun + directional he - to Succoth",
"*kəšēš*": "preposition + numeral - about six",
"*mēʾôṯ*": "numeral feminine plural - hundred",
"*ʾeleḕ*": "noun masculine singular - thousand",
"*raḡlî*": "noun masculine singular - on foot/footmen",
"*haggəḇārîm*": "definite article + noun masculine plural - the men",
"*ləḇaḏ*": "preposition + noun masculine singular - apart from/besides",
"*miṭṭāḕ*": "preposition + noun masculine singular - from children"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyisʿû*": "journeyed/traveled/set out",
"*mēraʿməsēs*": "from Rameses (Egyptian city)",
"*sukkōṯāh*": "to Succoth (place name meaning 'booths')",
"*raḡlî*": "on foot/footmen/infantry",
"*haggəḇārîm*": "the men/the males/the warriors",
"*ləḇaḏ*": "apart from/besides/exclusive of",
"*miṭṭāḕ*": "from children/from little ones/from dependents"
}
}
38 {
"verseID": "Exodus.12.38",
"source": "וְגַם־עֵ֥רֶב רַ֖ב עָלָ֣ה אִתָּ֑ם וְצֹ֣אן וּבָקָ֔ר מִקְנֶ֖ה כָּבֵ֥ד מְאֹֽד׃",
"text": "And-*wəḡam*-*ʿēreḇ* *raḇ* *ʿālāh* with-*ʾittām* and-*wəṣōʾn* and-*ûḇāqār* *miqneh* *kāḇēḏ* *məʾōḏ*.",
"grammar": {
"*wəḡam*": "waw conjunction + adverb - and also",
"*ʿēreḇ*": "noun masculine singular - mixed multitude",
"*raḇ*": "adjective masculine singular - great/many/numerous",
"*ʿālāh*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - went up",
"*ʾittām*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - with them",
"*wəṣōʾn*": "waw conjunction + noun feminine singular - and flocks/sheep",
"*ûḇāqār*": "waw conjunction + noun masculine singular - and cattle/herds",
"*miqneh*": "noun masculine singular - livestock/cattle",
"*kāḇēḏ*": "adjective masculine singular - heavy/numerous",
"*məʾōḏ*": "adverb - very/exceedingly"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿēreḇ*": "mixed multitude/mixed company/diverse group",
"*raḇ*": "great/large/numerous",
"*ʿālāh*": "went up/came up/ascended",
"*miqneh*": "livestock/cattle/possessions",
"*kāḇēḏ*": "heavy/numerous/substantial",
"*məʾōḏ*": "very/exceedingly/greatly"
}
}
39 {
"verseID": "Exodus.12.39",
"source": "וַיֹּאפ֨וּ אֶת־הַבָּצֵ֜ק אֲשֶׁ֨ר הוֹצִ֧יאוּ מִמִּצְרַ֛יִם עֻגֹ֥ת מַצּ֖וֹת כִּ֣י לֹ֣א חָמֵ֑ץ כִּֽי־גֹרְשׁ֣וּ מִמִּצְרַ֗יִם וְלֹ֤א יָֽכְלוּ֙ לְהִתְמַהְמֵ֔הַּ וְגַם־צֵדָ֖ה לֹא־עָשׂ֥וּ לָהֶֽם׃",
"text": "And-*wayyōʾḕû* *ʾeṯ*-*habbāṣēq* which *ʾăšer* *hôṣîʾû* from-*mimmiṣrayim* *ʿuḡōṯ* *maṣṣôṯ* because *kî* not *lōʾ* *ḥāmēṣ* because-*kî*-*ḡōršû* from-*mimmiṣrayim* and-not *wəlōʾ* *yāḵəlû* to-*ləhiṯmahməha* and-also-*wəḡam*-*ṣēḏāh* not-*lōʾ*-*ʿāśû* for-*lāhem*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyōʾḕû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they baked",
"*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*habbāṣēq*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the dough",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which",
"*hôṣîʾû*": "hiphil perfect 3rd common plural - they brought out",
"*mimmiṣrayim*": "preposition + proper noun - from Egypt",
"*ʿuḡōṯ*": "noun feminine plural - cakes",
"*maṣṣôṯ*": "noun feminine plural - unleavened bread",
"*kî*": "conjunction - because/for",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*ḥāmēṣ*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - it was leavened",
"*ḡōršû*": "pual perfect 3rd common plural - they were driven out",
"*mimmiṣrayim*": "preposition + proper noun - from Egypt",
"*wəlōʾ*": "waw conjunction + negative particle - and not",
"*yāḵəlû*": "qal perfect 3rd common plural - they were able",
"*ləhiṯmahməha*": "preposition + hitpalpel infinitive construct - to delay/tarry",
"*wəḡam*": "waw conjunction + adverb - and also",
"*ṣēḏāh*": "noun feminine singular - provisions/food",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*ʿāśû*": "qal perfect 3rd common plural - they made/prepared",
"*lāhem*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - for themselves"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyōʾḕû*": "baked/cooked",
"*habbāṣēq*": "the dough/the flour mixture",
"*hôṣîʾû*": "brought out/took out/carried out",
"*ʿuḡōṯ*": "cakes/bread/round loaves",
"*maṣṣôṯ*": "unleavened bread/matzah",
"*ḥāmēṣ*": "was leavened/fermented",
"*ḡōršû*": "were driven out/expelled/thrust out",
"*yāḵəlû*": "were able/could",
"*ləhiṯmahməha*": "to delay/to tarry/to linger",
"*ṣēḏāh*": "provisions/food/supplies for journey"
}
}
40 {
"verseID": "Exodus.12.40",
"source": "וּמוֹשַׁב֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר יָשְׁב֖וּ בְּמִצְרָ֑יִם שְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים שָׁנָ֔ה וְאַרְבַּ֥ע מֵא֖וֹת שָׁנָֽה׃",
"text": "And-*ûmôšaḇ* *bənê* *yiśrāʾēl* which *ʾăšer* *yāšəḇû* in-*bəmiṣrāyim* *šəlōšîm* *šānāh* and-*wəʾarbaʿ* *mēʾôṯ* *šānāh*.",
"grammar": {
"*ûmôšaḇ*": "waw conjunction + noun masculine singular construct - and dwelling/sojourn of",
"*bənê*": "noun masculine plural construct - sons of",
"*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that",
"*yāšəḇû*": "qal perfect 3rd common plural - they dwelt/lived",
"*bəmiṣrāyim*": "preposition + proper noun - in Egypt",
"*šəlōšîm*": "numeral - thirty",
"*šānāh*": "noun feminine singular - year",
"*wəʾarbaʿ*": "waw conjunction + numeral - and four",
"*mēʾôṯ*": "numeral feminine plural - hundred",
"*šānāh*": "noun feminine singular - year"
},
"variants": {
"*ûmôšaḇ*": "dwelling/sojourn/habitation/time of dwelling",
"*yāšəḇû*": "dwelt/lived/resided/stayed",
"*šānāh*": "year/period of time"
}
}
41 {
"verseID": "Exodus.12.41",
"source": "וַיְהִ֗י מִקֵּץ֙ שְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים שָׁנָ֔ה וְאַרְבַּ֥ע מֵא֖וֹת שָׁנָ֑ה וַיְהִ֗י בְּעֶ֙צֶם֙ הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה יָֽצְא֛וּ כָּל־צִבְא֥וֹת יְהוָ֖ה מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃",
"text": "And-*wayəhî* from-*miqqēṣ* *šəlōšîm* *šānāh* and-*wəʾarbaʿ* *mēʾôṯ* *šānāh* and-*wayəhî* in-*bəʿeṣem* *hayyôm* *hazzeh* *yāṣəʾû* all-*kol*-*ṣiḇʾôṯ* *Yhwh* from-*mēʾereṣ* *miṣrāyim*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayəhî*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and it came to pass",
"*miqqēṣ*": "preposition + noun masculine singular construct - from end of",
"*šəlōšîm*": "numeral - thirty",
"*šānāh*": "noun feminine singular - year",
"*wəʾarbaʿ*": "waw conjunction + numeral - and four",
"*mēʾôṯ*": "numeral feminine plural - hundred",
"*šānāh*": "noun feminine singular - year",
"*wayəhî*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and it came to pass",
"*bəʿeṣem*": "preposition + noun masculine singular construct - in bone/substance of",
"*hayyôm*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the day",
"*hazzeh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun - this",
"*yāṣəʾû*": "qal perfect 3rd common plural - they went out",
"*kol*": "noun masculine singular construct - all of",
"*ṣiḇʾôṯ*": "noun feminine plural construct - hosts/armies of",
"*Yhwh*": "proper noun - LORD/YHWH",
"*mēʾereṣ*": "preposition + noun feminine singular construct - from land of",
"*miṣrāyim*": "proper noun - Egypt"
},
"variants": {
"*wayəhî*": "it came to pass/it happened",
"*miqqēṣ*": "at the end of/after the completion of",
"*bəʿeṣem*": "in the very/in the substance of/in the bone of",
"*hayyôm*": "the day/the time period",
"*yāṣəʾû*": "went out/came out/departed",
"*ṣiḇʾôṯ*": "hosts/armies/divisions",
"*mēʾereṣ*": "from land of/from country of/from territory of"
}
}
42 {
"verseID": "Exodus.12.42",
"source": "לֵ֣יל שִׁמֻּרִ֥ים הוּא֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה לְהוֹצִיאָ֖ם מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם הֽוּא־הַלַּ֤יְלָה הַזֶּה֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה שִׁמֻּרִ֛ים לְכָל־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לְדֹרֹתָֽם׃",
"text": "*Lêl* *šimmūrîm* *hûʾ* to-*laYhwh* to-*ləhôṣîʾām* from-*mēʾereṣ* *miṣrāyim* it-*hûʾ*-*hallaylāh* *hazzeh* to-*laYhwh* *šimmūrîm* for-all-*ləḵāl*-*bənê* *yiśrāʾēl* to-*ləḏōrōṯām*.",
"grammar": {
"*Lêl*": "noun masculine singular construct - night of",
"*šimmūrîm*": "noun masculine plural - watching/observation",
"*hûʾ*": "3rd person masculine singular pronoun - it",
"*laYhwh*": "preposition + proper noun - for/to YHWH/LORD",
"*ləhôṣîʾām*": "preposition + hiphil infinitive construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - to bring them out",
"*mēʾereṣ*": "preposition + noun feminine singular construct - from land of",
"*miṣrāyim*": "proper noun - Egypt",
"*hûʾ*": "3rd person masculine singular pronoun - it/that",
"*hallaylāh*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the night",
"*hazzeh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun - this",
"*laYhwh*": "preposition + proper noun - for/to YHWH/LORD",
"*šimmūrîm*": "noun masculine plural - watching/observation",
"*ləḵāl*": "preposition + noun masculine singular construct - for all of",
"*bənê*": "noun masculine plural construct - sons of",
"*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*ləḏōrōṯām*": "preposition + noun masculine plural with 3rd masculine plural suffix - for their generations"
},
"variants": {
"*Lêl*": "night/evening",
"*šimmūrîm*": "of watching/of vigil/of observation/of preservation",
"*ləhôṣîʾām*": "to bring them out/to lead them out",
"*mēʾereṣ*": "from land of/from country of",
"*hallaylāh*": "the night/the evening",
"*ləḏōrōṯām*": "for their generations/throughout their descendants"
}
}
43 {
"verseID": "Exodus.12.43",
"source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֣ה וְאַהֲרֹ֔ן זֹ֖את חֻקַּ֣ת הַפָּ֑סַח כָּל־בֶּן־נֵכָ֖ר לֹא־יֹ֥אכַל בּֽוֹ׃",
"text": "And-*wayyōʾmer* *Yhwh* to-*ʾel*-*mōšeh* and-*wəʾahărōn* this *zōʾṯ* *ḥuqqaṯ* *happāsaḥ* every-*kol*-*ben*-*nēḵār* not-*lōʾ*-*yōʾḵal* in-*bô*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*Yhwh*": "proper noun - LORD/YHWH",
"*ʾel*": "preposition - to/unto",
"*mōšeh*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Moses",
"*wəʾahărōn*": "waw conjunction + proper noun - and Aaron",
"*zōʾṯ*": "feminine singular demonstrative pronoun - this",
"*ḥuqqaṯ*": "noun feminine singular construct - ordinance/statute of",
"*happāsaḥ*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the Passover",
"*kol*": "noun masculine singular construct - every/all",
"*ben*": "noun masculine singular construct - son of",
"*nēḵār*": "noun masculine singular - foreigner/alien",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*yōʾḵal*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - shall eat",
"*bô*": "preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - of it"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyōʾmer*": "said/spoke/declared",
"*ḥuqqaṯ*": "ordinance of/statute of/regulation of",
"*happāsaḥ*": "the Passover/the Passover sacrifice",
"*ben*": "son of/member of",
"*nēḵār*": "foreigner/stranger/alien",
"*yōʾḵal*": "shall eat/may eat/is to eat"
}
}
44 {
"verseID": "Exodus.12.44",
"source": "וְכָל־עֶ֥בֶד אִ֖ישׁ מִקְנַת־כָּ֑סֶף וּמַלְתָּ֣ה אֹת֔וֹ אָ֖ז יֹ֥אכַל בּֽוֹ׃",
"text": "And-every-*wəḵāl*-*ʿeḇeḏ* *ʾîš* *miqnaṯ*-*kāseḕ* and-*ûmaltāh* *ʾōṯô* then *ʾāz* *yōʾḵal* in-*bô*.",
"grammar": {
"*wəḵāl*": "waw conjunction + noun masculine singular construct - and every",
"*ʿeḇeḏ*": "noun masculine singular construct - servant/slave of",
"*ʾîš*": "noun masculine singular - man",
"*miqnaṯ*": "noun feminine singular construct - purchase of",
"*kāseḕ*": "noun masculine singular - silver/money",
"*ûmaltāh*": "waw conjunction + qal perfect 2nd masculine singular - and you circumcise",
"*ʾōṯô*": "direct object marker with 3rd masculine singular suffix - him",
"*ʾāz*": "adverb - then",
"*yōʾḵal*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he may eat",
"*bô*": "preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - of it"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿeḇeḏ*": "servant/slave/bondservant",
"*miqnaṯ*": "purchase of/bought with",
"*kāseḕ*": "silver/money",
"*ûmaltāh*": "and you circumcise/when you have circumcised",
"*yōʾḵal*": "may eat/can eat/shall eat"
}
}
45 {
"verseID": "Exodus.12.45",
"source": "תּוֹשָׁ֥ב וְשָׂכִ֖יר לֹא־יֹ֥אכַל־בּֽוֹ׃",
"text": "*Tôšāḇ* and-*wəśāḵîr* not-*lōʾ*-*yōʾḵal*-in-*bô*.",
"grammar": {
"*Tôšāḇ*": "noun masculine singular - temporary resident/sojourner",
"*wəśāḵîr*": "waw conjunction + noun masculine singular - and hired servant",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*yōʾḵal*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - shall eat",
"*bô*": "preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - of it"
},
"variants": {
"*Tôšāḇ*": "sojourner/temporary resident/foreigner",
"*wəśāḵîr*": "hired worker/hired laborer/hired servant",
"*yōʾḵal*": "shall eat/may eat/is to eat"
}
}
46 {
"verseID": "Exodus.12.46",
"source": "בְּבַ֤יִת אֶחָד֙ יֵאָכֵ֔ל לֹא־תוֹצִ֧יא מִן־הַבַּ֛יִת מִן־הַבָּשָׂ֖ר ח֑וּצָה וְעֶ֖צֶם לֹ֥א תִשְׁבְּרוּ־בֽוֹ׃",
"text": "In-*bəḇayiṯ* *ʾeḥāḏ* *yēʾāḵēl* not-*lōʾ*-*ṯôṣîʾ* from-*min*-*habbayiṯ* from-*min*-*habbāśār* *ḥûṣāh* and-*wəʿeṣem* not *lōʾ* *ṯišbərû*-in-*ḇô*.",
"grammar": {
"*bəḇayiṯ*": "preposition + noun masculine singular - in house",
"*ʾeḥāḏ*": "numeral - one",
"*yēʾāḵēl*": "niphal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - it shall be eaten",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*ṯôṣîʾ*": "hiphil imperfect 2nd masculine singular - you shall bring out",
"*min*": "preposition - from",
"*habbayiṯ*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the house",
"*min*": "preposition - from",
"*habbāśār*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the flesh/meat",
"*ḥûṣāh*": "noun + directional he - outside",
"*wəʿeṣem*": "waw conjunction + noun masculine singular - and bone",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*ṯišbərû*": "qal imperfect 2nd masculine plural - you shall break",
"*ḇô*": "preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - in it"
},
"variants": {
"*bəḇayiṯ*": "in house/in household/in dwelling",
"*ʾeḥāḏ*": "one/single",
"*yēʾāḵēl*": "it shall be eaten/must be eaten",
"*ṯôṣîʾ*": "you shall bring out/take out/carry out",
"*habbāśār*": "the flesh/the meat",
"*ḥûṣāh*": "outside/outdoors/abroad",
"*wəʿeṣem*": "and bone/and skeleton",
"*ṯišbərû*": "you shall break/shall shatter/shall crush"
}
}
47 {
"verseID": "Exodus.12.47",
"source": "כָּל־עֲדַ֥ת יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל יַעֲשׂ֥וּ אֹתֽוֹ׃",
"text": "All-*kol*-*ʿăḏaṯ* *yiśrāʾēl* *yaʿăśû* *ʾōṯô*.",
"grammar": {
"*kol*": "noun masculine singular construct - all of",
"*ʿăḏaṯ*": "noun feminine singular construct - congregation of",
"*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*yaʿăśû*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they shall observe/do",
"*ʾōṯô*": "direct object marker with 3rd masculine singular suffix - it"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿăḏaṯ*": "congregation of/assembly of/community of",
"*yaʿăśû*": "shall observe/shall do/shall perform/shall celebrate"
}
}
48 {
"verseID": "Exodus.12.48",
"source": "וְכִֽי־יָג֨וּר אִתְּךָ֜ גֵּ֗ר וְעָ֣שָׂה פֶסַח֮ לַיהוָה֒ הִמּ֧וֹל ל֣וֹ כָל־זָכָ֗ר וְאָז֙ יִקְרַ֣ב לַעֲשֹׂת֔וֹ וְהָיָ֖ה כְּאֶזְרַ֣ח הָאָ֑רֶץ וְכָל־עָרֵ֖ל לֹֽא־יֹ֥אכַל בּֽוֹ׃",
"text": "*wə-kî-yāgûr* with-you *gēr* *wə-ʿāśâ* *pesaḥ* to-*YHWH*, *himmôl* to-him all-*zākār* *wə-ʾāz* *yiqrab* to-do-it *wə-hāyâ* like-*ʾezraḥ* the-*ʾāreṣ*, and-all-*ʿārēl* not-*yōʾkal* in-it.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-kî-yāgûr*": "conjunction + particle + verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and when/if sojourns",
"*gēr*": "noun, masculine singular - foreigner/sojourner/resident alien",
"*wə-ʿāśâ*": "conjunction + verb, qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - and makes/does/performs",
"*pesaḥ*": "noun, masculine singular - passover/passover sacrifice",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/the LORD",
"*himmôl*": "verb, niphal infinitive absolute - being circumcised",
"*zākār*": "noun, masculine singular - male",
"*wə-ʾāz*": "conjunction + adverb - and then",
"*yiqrab*": "verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he may come near/approach",
"*wə-hāyâ*": "conjunction + verb, qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - and he will be",
"*ʾezraḥ*": "noun, masculine singular - native/native-born/citizen",
"*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular - land/earth/country",
"*ʿārēl*": "adjective, masculine singular - uncircumcised",
"*yōʾkal*": "verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he shall eat"
},
"variants": {
"*gēr*": "sojourner/foreigner/resident alien/convert",
"*pesaḥ*": "passover/passover sacrifice/passover observance",
"*himmôl*": "to be circumcised/let him be circumcised/must be circumcised",
"*yiqrab*": "may approach/may draw near/may participate",
"*ʾezraḥ*": "native/native-born/citizen/one born in the land"
}
}
49 {
"verseID": "Exodus.12.49",
"source": "תּוֹרָ֣ה אַחַ֔ת יִהְיֶ֖ה לָֽאֶזְרָ֑ח וְלַגֵּ֖ר הַגָּ֥ר בְּתוֹכְכֶֽם׃",
"text": "*tôrâ* *ʾaḥat* *yihyeh* for-*ʾezrāḥ* *wə-la-gēr* the-*gār* *bə-tôkəkem*.",
"grammar": {
"*tôrâ*": "noun, feminine singular - law/instruction/teaching",
"*ʾaḥat*": "adjective, feminine singular - one/same",
"*yihyeh*": "verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - there will be",
"*ʾezrāḥ*": "noun, masculine singular - native/native-born/citizen",
"*wə-la-gēr*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine singular - and for the sojourner",
"*gār*": "verb, qal active participle, masculine singular - dwelling/sojourning",
"*bə-tôkəkem*": "preposition + noun + 2nd masculine plural suffix - in your midst"
},
"variants": {
"*tôrâ*": "law/instruction/teaching/directive",
"*ʾaḥat*": "one/same/single/unified",
"*gār*": "who dwells/who sojourns/who resides",
"*bə-tôkəkem*": "in your midst/among you/within your community"
}
}
50 {
"verseID": "Exodus.12.50",
"source": "וַֽיַּעֲשׂ֖וּ כָּל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר צִוָּ֧ה יְהוָ֛ה אֶת־מֹשֶׁ֥ה וְאֶֽת־אַהֲרֹ֖ן כֵּ֥ן עָשֽׂוּ׃",
"text": "*wa-yaʿaśû* all-*bənê* *yiśrāʾēl* *ka-ʾăšer* *ṣiwwâ* *YHWH* *ʾet-mōšeh* *wə-ʾet-ʾahărōn* thus *ʿāśû*.",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yaʿaśû*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they did",
"*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of/children of",
"*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*ka-ʾăšer*": "preposition + relative particle - according to what/just as",
"*ṣiwwâ*": "verb, piel perfect 3rd masculine singular - commanded",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/the LORD",
"*ʾet-mōšeh*": "direct object marker + proper noun - (to) Moses",
"*wə-ʾet-ʾahărōn*": "conjunction + direct object marker + proper noun - and (to) Aaron",
"*ʿāśû*": "verb, qal perfect 3rd common plural - they did"
},
"variants": {
"*bənê*": "sons of/children of/people of",
"*ṣiwwâ*": "commanded/instructed/ordered",
"*ʿāśû*": "they did/they performed/they carried out"
}
}
51 {
"verseID": "Exodus.12.51",
"source": "וַיְהִ֕י בְּעֶ֖צֶם הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה הוֹצִ֨יא יְהוָ֜ה אֶת־בְּנֵ֧י יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרַ֖יִם עַל־צִבְאֹתָֽם׃",
"text": "*wa-yəhî* *bə-ʿeṣem* the-*yôm* the-*zeh* *hôṣîʾ* *YHWH* *ʾet-bənê* *yiśrāʾēl* from-*ʾereṣ* *miṣrayim* upon-*ṣibʾōtām*.",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yəhî*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular apocopated - and it happened",
"*bə-ʿeṣem*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - in the very/bone of",
"*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular - day",
"*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this",
"*hôṣîʾ*": "verb, hiphil perfect 3rd masculine singular - brought out/led out",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/the LORD",
"*ʾet-bənê*": "direct object marker + noun, masculine plural construct - (the) children of",
"*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land of",
"*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt",
"*ṣibʾōtām*": "noun, feminine plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their hosts/armies"
},
"variants": {
"*bə-ʿeṣem*": "in the very/in the substance of/on the exact/in the bone of",
"*hôṣîʾ*": "brought out/led out/caused to go out",
"*ṣibʾōtām*": "their hosts/their armies/their divisions/their organized groups"
}
}