Exod 14:1-9 : 1 {
"verseID": "Exodus.14.1",
"source": "וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהֹוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר",
"text": "*wə-yədabbēr* *YHWH* *ʾel*-*Mošeh* *lēʾmōr*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yədabbēr*": "conjunction + Piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he spoke",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/LORD",
"*ʾel*": "preposition - to/toward",
"*Mošeh*": "proper noun - Moses",
"*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - saying/to say"
},
"variants": {
"*wə-yədabbēr*": "and spoke/and was speaking",
"*YHWH*": "the LORD/Yahweh (divine name)"
}
}
2 {
"verseID": "Exodus.14.2",
"source": "דַּבֵּר֮ אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ וְיָשֻׁ֗בוּ וְיַחֲנוּ֙ לִפְנֵי֙ פִּ֣י הַחִירֹ֔ת בֵּ֥ין מִגְדֹּ֖ל וּבֵ֣ין הַיָּ֑ם לִפְנֵי֙ בַּ֣עַל צְפֹ֔ן נִכְח֥וֹ תַחֲנ֖וּ עַל־הַיָּֽם",
"text": "*dabbēr* *ʾel*-*bənê* *Yiśrāʾēl* *wə-yāšuḇû* *wə-yaḥănû* *liphnê* *pî* *ha-Ḥîrōṯ* *bên* *Miḡdōl* *û-ḇên* *ha-yām* *liphnê* *Baʿal* *Ṣəphōn* *niḵḥô* *taḥănû* *ʿal*-*ha-yām*",
"grammar": {
"*dabbēr*": "Piel imperative, masculine singular - speak!",
"*ʾel*": "preposition - to/toward",
"*bənê*": "construct noun, masculine plural - sons of",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*wə-yāšuḇû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they shall turn back",
"*wə-yaḥănû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they shall encamp",
"*liphnê*": "preposition + noun, construct - before/in front of",
"*pî*": "construct noun, masculine singular - mouth/opening of",
"*ha-Ḥîrōṯ*": "article + proper noun - Pi-hahiroth",
"*bên*": "preposition - between",
"*Miḡdōl*": "proper noun - Migdol",
"*û-ḇên*": "conjunction + preposition - and between",
"*ha-yām*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the sea",
"*liphnê*": "preposition + noun, construct - before/in front of",
"*Baʿal*": "proper noun - Baal",
"*Ṣəphōn*": "proper noun - Zephon",
"*niḵḥô*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - opposite it",
"*taḥănû*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you shall encamp",
"*ʿal*": "preposition - upon/by",
"*ha-yām*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the sea"
},
"variants": {
"*dabbēr*": "speak/tell",
"*wə-yāšuḇû*": "and they shall turn back/and they shall return",
"*wə-yaḥănû*": "and they shall encamp/and they shall camp",
"*pî ha-Ḥîrōṯ*": "Pi-hahiroth/mouth of Hiroth",
"*ha-yām*": "the sea/the Mediterranean/the Red Sea",
"*Baʿal Ṣəphōn*": "Baal Zephon (deity or place name)",
"*niḵḥô*": "opposite it/in front of it",
"*taḥănû*": "you shall encamp/you shall camp"
}
}
3 {
"verseID": "Exodus.14.3",
"source": "וְאָמַ֤ר פַּרְעֹה֙ לִבְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל נְבֻכִ֥ים הֵ֖ם בָּאָ֑רֶץ סָגַ֥ר עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם הַמִּדְבָּֽר",
"text": "*wə-ʾāmar* *Parʿōh* *li-ḇnê* *Yiśrāʾēl* *nəḇuḵîm* *hēm* *bā-ʾāreṣ* *sāḡar* *ʿălêhem* *ha-midbar*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-ʾāmar*": "conjunction + Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and will say",
"*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh",
"*li-ḇnê*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct - concerning sons of",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*nəḇuḵîm*": "Niphal participle, masculine plural - confused/entangled",
"*hēm*": "pronoun, 3rd masculine plural - they",
"*bā-ʾāreṣ*": "preposition + article + noun, feminine singular - in the land",
"*sāḡar*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - has closed/shut",
"*ʿălêhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - upon them",
"*ha-midbar*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the wilderness"
},
"variants": {
"*wə-ʾāmar*": "and will say/and says",
"*li-ḇnê*": "concerning the sons of/about the children of",
"*nəḇuḵîm*": "confused/entangled/wandering aimlessly",
"*bā-ʾāreṣ*": "in the land/in the country",
"*sāḡar*": "has closed/has shut in/has trapped",
"*ha-midbar*": "the wilderness/the desert"
}
}
4 {
"verseID": "Exodus.14.4",
"source": "וְחִזַּקְתִּ֣י אֶת־לֵב־פַּרְעֹה֮ וְרָדַ֣ף אַחֲרֵיהֶם֒ וְאִכָּבְדָ֤ה בְּפַרְעֹה֙ וּבְכָל־חֵיל֔וֹ וְיָדְע֥וּ מִצְרַ֖יִם כִּֽי־אֲנִ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וַיּֽ͏ַעֲשׂוּ־כֵֽן",
"text": "*wə-ḥizzaqtî* *ʾeṯ*-*lēḇ*-*Parʿōh* *wə-rādaph* *ʾaḥărêhem* *wə-ʾikkāḇdāh* *bə-Pharʿōh* *û-ḇəḵol*-*ḥêlô* *wə-yādəʿû* *Miṣrayim* *kî*-*ʾănî* *YHWH* *wa-yaʿăśû*-*ḵēn*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-ḥizzaqtî*": "conjunction + Piel perfect, 1st singular - and I will strengthen/harden",
"*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*lēḇ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - heart of",
"*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh",
"*wə-rādaph*": "conjunction + Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he will pursue",
"*ʾaḥărêhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - after them",
"*wə-ʾikkāḇdāh*": "conjunction + Niphal imperfect, 1st singular cohortative - and I will be honored",
"*bə-Pharʿōh*": "preposition + proper noun - through Pharaoh",
"*û-ḇəḵol*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - and through all",
"*ḥêlô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his army",
"*wə-yādəʿû*": "conjunction + Qal perfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they will know",
"*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt/Egyptians",
"*kî*": "conjunction - that",
"*ʾănî*": "pronoun, 1st singular - I",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/LORD",
"*wa-yaʿăśû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they did",
"*ḵēn*": "adverb - thus/so"
},
"variants": {
"*wə-ḥizzaqtî*": "and I will harden/and I will strengthen",
"*wə-rādaph*": "and he will pursue/and he will chase",
"*wə-ʾikkāḇdāh*": "and I will be honored/and I will gain glory",
"*ḥêlô*": "his army/his forces/his host",
"*wə-yādəʿû*": "and they will know/and they shall know",
"*kî-ʾănî YHWH*": "that I am YHWH (the LORD)"
}
}
5 {
"verseID": "Exodus.14.5",
"source": "וַיֻּגַּד֙ לְמֶ֣לֶךְ מִצְרַ֔יִם כִּ֥י בָרַ֖ח הָעָ֑ם וַ֠יֵּהָפֵךְ לְבַ֨ב פַּרְעֹ֤ה וַעֲבָדָיו֙ אֶל־הָעָ֔ם וַיֹּֽאמרוּ֙ מַה־זֹּ֣את עָשִׂ֔ינוּ כִּֽי־שִׁלַּ֥חְנוּ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מֵעָבְדֵֽנוּ",
"text": "*wa-yuggad* *lə-meleḵ* *Miṣrayim* *kî* *bāraḥ* *hā-ʿām* *wa-yêhāpēḵ* *ləḇaḇ* *Parʿōh* *wa-ʿăḇādâw* *ʾel*-*hā-ʿām* *wa-yōmərû* *mah*-*zōṯ* *ʿāśînû* *kî*-*šillaḥnû* *ʾeṯ*-*Yiśrāʾēl* *mē-ʿāḇdēnû*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yuggad*": "conjunction + Hophal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it was told",
"*lə-meleḵ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - to the king of",
"*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt",
"*kî*": "conjunction - that",
"*bāraḥ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - had fled",
"*hā-ʿām*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the people",
"*wa-yêhāpēḵ*": "conjunction + Niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and was turned",
"*ləḇaḇ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - heart of",
"*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh",
"*wa-ʿăḇādâw*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and his servants",
"*ʾel*": "preposition - against",
"*hā-ʿām*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the people",
"*wa-yōmərû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they said",
"*mah*": "interrogative - what",
"*zōṯ*": "demonstrative pronoun, feminine singular - this",
"*ʿāśînû*": "Qal perfect, 1st common plural - we have done",
"*kî*": "conjunction - that/because",
"*šillaḥnû*": "Piel perfect, 1st common plural - we have sent away",
"*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*mē-ʿāḇdēnû*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct + 1st common plural suffix - from serving us"
},
"variants": {
"*wa-yuggad*": "and it was told/and it was reported",
"*bāraḥ*": "had fled/had escaped",
"*wa-yêhāpēḵ*": "and was turned/and was changed",
"*ləḇaḇ*": "heart/mind",
"*wa-ʿăḇādâw*": "and his servants/and his officials",
"*ʾel-hā-ʿām*": "against the people/toward the people",
"*mah-zōṯ ʿāśînû*": "what is this we have done?",
"*šillaḥnû*": "we have sent away/we have released/we have let go",
"*mē-ʿāḇdēnû*": "from serving us/from our service"
}
}
6 {
"verseID": "Exodus.14.6",
"source": "וַיֶּאְסֹ֖ר אֶת־רִכְבּ֑וֹ וְאֶת־עַמּ֖וֹ לָקַ֥ח עִמּֽוֹ",
"text": "*wa-yeʾĕsōr* *ʾeṯ*-*riḵbô* *wə-ʾeṯ*-*ʿammô* *lāqaḥ* *ʿimmô*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yeʾĕsōr*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he harnessed",
"*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*riḵbô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his chariot",
"*wə-ʾeṯ*": "conjunction + direct object marker",
"*ʿammô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his people",
"*lāqaḥ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he took",
"*ʿimmô*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - with him"
},
"variants": {
"*wa-yeʾĕsōr*": "and he harnessed/and he prepared",
"*riḵbô*": "his chariot/his chariots (collective singular)",
"*ʿammô*": "his people/his army",
"*lāqaḥ*": "he took/he brought"
}
}
7 {
"verseID": "Exodus.14.7",
"source": "וַיִּקַּ֗ח שֵׁשׁ־מֵא֥וֹת רֶ֙כֶב֙ בָּח֔וּר וְכֹ֖ל רֶ֣כֶב מִצְרָ֑יִם וְשָׁלִשִׁ֖ם עַל־כֻּלּֽוֹ",
"text": "*wa-yiqqaḥ* *šēš*-*mēʾôṯ* *reḵeḇ* *bāḥûr* *wə-ḵōl* *reḵeḇ* *Miṣrāyim* *wə-šālišim* *ʿal*-*kullô*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yiqqaḥ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he took",
"*šēš*-*mēʾôṯ*": "numeral - six hundred",
"*reḵeḇ*": "noun, masculine singular - chariot",
"*bāḥûr*": "Qal passive participle, masculine singular - chosen",
"*wə-ḵōl*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular construct - and all",
"*reḵeḇ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - chariots of",
"*Miṣrāyim*": "proper noun - Egypt",
"*wə-šālišim*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural - and officers/captains",
"*ʿal*": "preposition - over",
"*kullô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - all of it/them"
},
"variants": {
"*wa-yiqqaḥ*": "and he took/and he selected",
"*reḵeḇ bāḥûr*": "chosen chariots/select chariots",
"*šālišim*": "officers/captains/third men (possibly chariot warriors)",
"*ʿal-kullô*": "over all of them/over every one"
}
}
8 {
"verseID": "Exodus.14.8",
"source": "וַיְחַזֵּ֣ק יְהֹוָ֗ה אֶת־לֵ֤ב פַּרְעֹה֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ מִצְרַ֔יִם וַיִּרְדֹּ֕ף אַחֲרֵ֖י בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וּבְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל יֹצְאִ֖ים בְּיָ֥ד רָמָֽה",
"text": "*wa-yəḥazzēq* *YHWH* *ʾeṯ*-*lēḇ* *Parʿōh* *meleḵ* *Miṣrayim* *wa-yirdōph* *ʾaḥărê* *bənê* *Yiśrāʾēl* *û-ḇnê* *Yiśrāʾēl* *yōṣəʾîm* *bə-yād* *rāmāh*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yəḥazzēq*": "conjunction + Piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he strengthened/hardened",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/LORD",
"*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*lēḇ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - heart of",
"*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh",
"*meleḵ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - king of",
"*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt",
"*wa-yirdōph*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he pursued",
"*ʾaḥărê*": "preposition - after",
"*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*û-ḇnê*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural construct - and sons of",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*yōṣəʾîm*": "Qal participle, masculine plural - going out",
"*bə-yād*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - with hand",
"*rāmāh*": "adjective, feminine singular - high/upraised"
},
"variants": {
"*wa-yəḥazzēq*": "and he hardened/and he strengthened",
"*wa-yirdōph*": "and he pursued/and he chased",
"*yōṣəʾîm*": "going out/departing/leaving",
"*bə-yād rāmāh*": "with a high hand/with an upraised hand/boldly/defiantly"
}
}
9 {
"verseID": "Exodus.14.9",
"source": "וַיִּרְדְּפ֨וּ מִצְרַ֜יִם אַחֲרֵיהֶ֗ם וַיַּשִׂ֤יגוּ אוֹתָם֙ חֹנִ֣ים עַל־הַיָּ֔ם כָּל־סוּס֙ רֶ֣כֶב פַּרְעֹ֔ה וּפָרָשָׁ֖יו וְחֵיל֑וֹ עַל־פִּי֙ הַֽחִירֹ֔ת לִפְנֵ֖י בַּ֥עַל צְפֹֽן",
"text": "*wa-yirdəphû* *Miṣrayim* *ʾaḥărêhem* *wa-yaśśîḡû* *ʾôṯām* *ḥōnîm* *ʿal*-*ha-yām* *kol*-*sûs* *reḵeḇ* *Parʿōh* *û-phārāšâw* *wə-ḥêlô* *ʿal*-*pî* *ha-Ḥîrōṯ* *liphnê* *Baʿal* *Ṣəphōn*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yirdəphû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they pursued",
"*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt/Egyptians",
"*ʾaḥărêhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - after them",
"*wa-yaśśîḡû*": "conjunction + Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they overtook",
"*ʾôṯām*": "direct object marker + 3rd masculine plural suffix - them",
"*ḥōnîm*": "Qal participle, masculine plural - camping/encamped",
"*ʿal*": "preposition - by",
"*ha-yām*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the sea",
"*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all",
"*sûs*": "noun, masculine singular construct - horses of",
"*reḵeḇ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - chariots of",
"*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh",
"*û-phārāšâw*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and his horsemen",
"*wə-ḥêlô*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and his army",
"*ʿal*": "preposition - by",
"*pî*": "noun, masculine singular construct - mouth of",
"*ha-Ḥîrōṯ*": "article + proper noun - Pi-hahiroth",
"*liphnê*": "preposition + noun, construct - before",
"*Baʿal*": "proper noun - Baal",
"*Ṣəphōn*": "proper noun - Zephon"
},
"variants": {
"*wa-yirdəphû*": "and they pursued/and they chased",
"*wa-yaśśîḡû*": "and they overtook/and they caught up with",
"*ḥōnîm*": "camping/encamped/dwelling",
"*pî ha-Ḥîrōṯ*": "Pi-hahiroth/mouth of Hiroth",
"*Baʿal Ṣəphōn*": "Baal Zephon (deity or place name)"
}
}
10 {
"verseID": "Exodus.14.10",
"source": "וּפַרְעֹ֖ה הִקְרִ֑יב וַיִּשְׂאוּ֩ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֨ל אֶת־עֵינֵיהֶ֜ם וְהִנֵּ֥ה מִצְרַ֣יִם ׀ נֹסֵ֣עַ אַחֲרֵיהֶ֗ם וַיִּֽירְאוּ֙ מְאֹ֔ד וַיִּצְעֲק֥וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל אֶל־יְהוָֽה",
"text": "*û-Pharʿōh* *hiqrîḇ* *wa-yiśśəʾû* *ḇnê*-*Yiśrāʾēl* *ʾeṯ*-*ʿênêhem* *wə-hinnēh* *Miṣrayim* *nōsēaʿ* *ʾaḥărêhem* *wa-yyîrəʾû* *məʾōd* *wa-yyiṣʿăqû* *ḇnê*-*Yiśrāʾēl* *ʾel*-*YHWH*",
"grammar": {
"*û-Pharʿōh*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Pharaoh",
"*hiqrîḇ*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - drew near",
"*wa-yiśśəʾû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they lifted up",
"*ḇnê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*ʿênêhem*": "noun, feminine plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their eyes",
"*wə-hinnēh*": "conjunction + interjection - and behold",
"*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt/Egyptians",
"*nōsēaʿ*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - journeying/traveling",
"*ʾaḥărêhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - after them",
"*wa-yyîrəʾû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they were afraid",
"*məʾōd*": "adverb - very much",
"*wa-yyiṣʿăqû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they cried out",
"*ḇnê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*ʾel*": "preposition - to",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/LORD"
},
"variants": {
"*hiqrîḇ*": "drew near/approached",
"*wa-yiśśəʾû*": "and they lifted up/and they raised",
"*nōsēaʿ*": "journeying/marching/advancing (singular form with collective meaning)",
"*wa-yyîrəʾû*": "and they were afraid/and they feared",
"*wa-yyiṣʿăqû*": "and they cried out/and they called out"
}
}
11 {
"verseID": "Exodus.14.11",
"source": "וַיֹּאמְרוּ֮ אֶל־מֹשֶׁה֒ הַֽמִבְּלִ֤י אֵין־קְבָרִים֙ בְּמִצְרַ֔יִם לְקַחְתָּ֖נוּ לָמ֣וּת בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר מַה־זֹּאת֙ עָשִׂ֣יתָ לָּ֔נוּ לְהוֹצִיאָ֖נוּ מִמִּצְרָֽיִם",
"text": "*wa-yyōmrû* *ʾel*-*Mōšeh* *ha-mibblî* *ʾên*-*qəḇārîm* *bə-Miṣrayim* *ləqaḥtānû* *lāmûṯ* *ba-midbar* *mah*-*zōṯ* *ʿāśîṯā* *lānû* *lə-hôṣîʾānû* *mi-Miṣrāyim*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yyōmrû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they said",
"*ʾel*": "preposition - to",
"*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses",
"*ha-mibblî*": "interrogative + preposition - is it because of no",
"*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there are no",
"*qəḇārîm*": "noun, masculine plural - graves",
"*bə-Miṣrayim*": "preposition + proper noun - in Egypt",
"*ləqaḥtānû*": "Qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular + 1st common plural suffix - you have taken us",
"*lāmûṯ*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to die",
"*ba-midbar*": "preposition + article + noun, masculine singular - in the wilderness",
"*mah*": "interrogative - what",
"*zōṯ*": "demonstrative pronoun, feminine singular - this",
"*ʿāśîṯā*": "Qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you have done",
"*lānû*": "preposition + 1st common plural suffix - to us",
"*lə-hôṣîʾānû*": "preposition + Hiphil infinitive construct + 1st common plural suffix - to bring us out",
"*mi-Miṣrāyim*": "preposition + proper noun - from Egypt"
},
"variants": {
"*ha-mibblî ʾên-qəḇārîm*": "is it because there were no graves?/were there no graves?",
"*ləqaḥtānû*": "you have taken us/you have brought us",
"*lāmûṯ*": "to die/to perish",
"*ba-midbar*": "in the wilderness/in the desert",
"*mah-zōṯ ʿāśîṯā lānû*": "what is this you have done to us?",
"*lə-hôṣîʾānû*": "to bring us out/to lead us out"
}
}
12 {
"verseID": "Exodus.14.12",
"source": "הֲלֹא־זֶ֣ה הַדָּבָ֗ר אֲשֶׁר֩ דִּבַּ֨רְנוּ אֵלֶ֤יךָ בְמִצְרַ֙יִם֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר חֲדַ֥ל מִמֶּ֖נּוּ וְנַֽעַבְדָ֣ה אֶת־מִצְרָ֑יִם כִּ֣י ט֥וֹב לָ֙נוּ֙ עֲבֹ֣ד אֶת־מִצְרַ֔יִם מִמֻּתֵ֖נוּ בַּמִּדְבָּֽר",
"text": "*hă-lōʾ*-*zeh* *ha-dāḇār* *ʾăšer* *dibbarnû* *ʾêleḵā* *ḇə-Miṣrayim* *lēʾmōr* *ḥădal* *mimmennû* *wə-naʿaḇdāh* *ʾeṯ*-*Miṣrayim* *kî* *ṭôḇ* *lānû* *ʿăḇōd* *ʾeṯ*-*Miṣrayim* *mi-muṯēnû* *ba-midbār*",
"grammar": {
"*hă-lōʾ*": "interrogative + negative particle - is not",
"*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this",
"*ha-dāḇār*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the word/thing",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that",
"*dibbarnû*": "Piel perfect, 1st common plural - we spoke",
"*ʾêleḵā*": "preposition + 2nd masculine singular suffix - to you",
"*ḇə-Miṣrayim*": "preposition + proper noun - in Egypt",
"*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - saying",
"*ḥădal*": "Qal imperative, masculine singular - cease/leave",
"*mimmennû*": "preposition + 1st common plural suffix - from us",
"*wə-naʿaḇdāh*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect cohortative, 1st common plural - and let us serve",
"*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt/Egyptians",
"*kî*": "conjunction - for/because",
"*ṭôḇ*": "adjective, masculine singular - good",
"*lānû*": "preposition + 1st common plural suffix - for us",
"*ʿăḇōd*": "Qal infinitive construct - to serve",
"*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt/Egyptians",
"*mi-muṯēnû*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct + 1st common plural suffix - than our dying",
"*ba-midbār*": "preposition + article + noun, masculine singular - in the wilderness"
},
"variants": {
"*hă-lōʾ-zeh ha-dāḇār*": "is this not the word/is this not the thing",
"*dibbarnû*": "we spoke/we told",
"*ḥădal mimmennû*": "leave us alone/cease from us",
"*wə-naʿaḇdāh*": "and let us serve/and we will serve",
"*ṭôḇ lānû*": "better for us/good for us",
"*ʿăḇōd ʾeṯ-Miṣrayim*": "to serve Egypt/to serve the Egyptians",
"*mi-muṯēnû*": "than our dying/than for us to die"
}
}
13 {
"verseID": "Exodus.14.13",
"source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֣ה אֶל־הָעָם֮ אַל־תִּירָאוּ֒ הִֽתְיַצְב֗וּ וּרְאוּ֙ אֶת־יְשׁוּעַ֣ת יְהוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־יַעֲשֶׂ֥ה לָכֶ֖ם הַיּ֑וֹם כִּ֗י אֲשֶׁ֨ר רְאִיתֶ֤ם אֶת־מִצְרַ֙יִם֙ הַיּ֔וֹם לֹ֥א תֹסִ֛יפוּ לִרְאֹתָ֥ם ע֖וֹד עַד־עוֹלָֽם",
"text": "*wa-yyōmer* *Mōšeh* *ʾel*-*hā-ʿām* *ʾal*-*tîrāʾû* *hiṯyaṣṣəḇû* *û-rəʾû* *ʾeṯ*-*yəšûʿaṯ* *YHWH* *ʾăšer*-*yaʿăśeh* *lāḵem* *ha-yôm* *kî* *ʾăšer* *rəʾîṯem* *ʾeṯ*-*Miṣrayim* *ha-yôm* *lōʾ* *ṯōsîphû* *li-rəʾōṯām* *ʿôd* *ʿad*-*ʿôlām*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yyōmer*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses",
"*ʾel*": "preposition - to",
"*hā-ʿām*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the people",
"*ʾal*": "negative particle - do not",
"*tîrāʾû*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - fear",
"*hiṯyaṣṣəḇû*": "Hithpael imperative, masculine plural - stand firm",
"*û-rəʾû*": "conjunction + Qal imperative, masculine plural - and see",
"*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*yəšûʿaṯ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - salvation of",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/LORD",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that",
"*yaʿăśeh*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will do/accomplish",
"*lāḵem*": "preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix - for you",
"*ha-yôm*": "article + noun, masculine singular - today/this day",
"*kî*": "conjunction - for",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - whom",
"*rəʾîṯem*": "Qal perfect, 2nd masculine plural - you have seen",
"*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt/Egyptians",
"*ha-yôm*": "article + noun, masculine singular - today/this day",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*ṯōsîphû*": "Hiphil imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you will add/continue",
"*li-rəʾōṯām*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct + 3rd masculine plural suffix - to see them",
"*ʿôd*": "adverb - again/anymore",
"*ʿad*": "preposition - until",
"*ʿôlām*": "noun, masculine singular - forever/eternity"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾal-tîrāʾû*": "do not fear/do not be afraid",
"*hiṯyaṣṣəḇû*": "stand firm/take your stand/position yourselves",
"*yəšûʿaṯ YHWH*": "salvation of YHWH/deliverance of the LORD",
"*yaʿăśeh*": "he will do/he will accomplish/he will perform",
"*ha-yôm*": "today/this day",
"*ṯōsîphû*": "you will add/you will continue/you will do again",
"*ʿad-ʿôlām*": "forever/for eternity"
}
}
14 {
"verseID": "Exodus.14.14",
"source": "יְהוָ֖ה יִלָּחֵ֣ם לָכֶ֑ם וְאַתֶּ֖ם תַּחֲרִישֽׁוּן",
"text": "*YHWH* *yillāḥēm* *lāḵem* *wə-ʾattem* *taḥărîšûn*",
"grammar": {
"*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/LORD",
"*yillāḥēm*": "Niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will fight",
"*lāḵem*": "preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix - for you",
"*wə-ʾattem*": "conjunction + pronoun, 2nd masculine plural - and you",
"*taḥărîšûn*": "Hiphil imperfect, 2nd masculine plural + paragogic nun - you shall keep still"
},
"variants": {
"*yillāḥēm*": "he will fight/he will battle",
"*lāḵem*": "for you/on your behalf",
"*taḥărîšûn*": "you shall keep still/you shall be silent/you shall hold your peace"
}
}
15 {
"verseID": "Exodus.14.15",
"source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה מַה־תִּצְעַ֖ק אֵלָ֑י דַּבֵּ֥ר אֶל־בְּנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל וְיִסָּֽעוּ",
"text": "*wa-yyōmer* *YHWH* *ʾel*-*Mōšeh* *mah*-*tiṣʿaq* *ʾēlāy* *dabbēr* *ʾel*-*bənê*-*Yiśrāʾēl* *wə-yissāʿû*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yyōmer*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/LORD",
"*ʾel*": "preposition - to",
"*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses",
"*mah*": "interrogative - why",
"*tiṣʿaq*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you cry out",
"*ʾēlāy*": "preposition + 1st common singular suffix - to me",
"*dabbēr*": "Piel imperative, masculine singular - speak",
"*ʾel*": "preposition - to",
"*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*wə-yissāʿû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they shall set out"
},
"variants": {
"*mah-tiṣʿaq*": "why do you cry out?/what are you crying to me for?",
"*dabbēr*": "speak/tell",
"*wə-yissāʿû*": "and they shall set out/and they shall move forward/and they shall journey"
}
}
16 {
"verseID": "Exodus.14.16",
"source": "וְאַתָּ֞ה הָרֵ֣ם אֶֽת־מַטְּךָ֗ וּנְטֵ֧ה אֶת־יָדְךָ֛ עַל־הַיָּ֖ם וּבְקָעֵ֑הוּ וְיָבֹ֧אוּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל בְּת֥וֹךְ הַיָּ֖ם בַּיַּבָּשָֽׁה",
"text": "*wə-ʾattāh* *hārēm* *ʾeṯ*-*maṭṭəḵā* *û-nəṭēh* *ʾeṯ*-*yādəḵā* *ʿal*-*ha-yām* *û-ḇəqāʿēhû* *wə-yāḇōʾû* *ḇənê*-*Yiśrāʾēl* *bə-ṯôḵ* *ha-yām* *ba-yabbāšāh*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-ʾattāh*": "conjunction + pronoun, 2nd masculine singular - and you",
"*hārēm*": "Hiphil imperative, masculine singular - lift up",
"*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*maṭṭəḵā*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your staff",
"*û-nəṭēh*": "conjunction + Qal imperative, masculine singular - and stretch out",
"*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*yādəḵā*": "noun, feminine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your hand",
"*ʿal*": "preposition - over",
"*ha-yām*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the sea",
"*û-ḇəqāʿēhû*": "conjunction + Qal imperative + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and divide it",
"*wə-yāḇōʾû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they shall come/go",
"*ḇənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*bə-ṯôḵ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - into the midst of",
"*ha-yām*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the sea",
"*ba-yabbāšāh*": "preposition + article + noun, feminine singular - on the dry land"
},
"variants": {
"*hārēm*": "lift up/raise",
"*maṭṭəḵā*": "your staff/your rod",
"*û-nəṭēh*": "and stretch out/and extend",
"*û-ḇəqāʿēhû*": "and divide it/and split it",
"*wə-yāḇōʾû*": "and they shall come/and they shall go/and they shall enter",
"*bə-ṯôḵ*": "into the midst of/through",
"*ba-yabbāšāh*": "on the dry land/on dry ground"
}
}
17 {
"verseID": "Exodus.14.17",
"source": "וַאֲנִ֗י הִנְנִ֤י מְחַזֵּק֙ אֶת־לֵ֣ב מִצְרַ֔יִם וְיָבֹ֖אוּ אַחֲרֵיהֶ֑ם וְאִכָּבְדָ֤ה בְּפַרְעֹה֙ וּבְכָל־חֵיל֔וֹ בְּרִכְבּ֖וֹ וּבְפָרָשָֽׁיו",
"text": "*wa-ʾănî* *hinənî* *məḥazzēq* *ʾeṯ*-*lēḇ* *Miṣrayim* *wə-yāḇōʾû* *ʾaḥărêhem* *wə-ʾikkāḇdāh* *bə-Pharʿōh* *û-ḇəḵol*-*ḥêlô* *bə-riḵbô* *û-ḇəphārāšâw*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-ʾănî*": "conjunction + pronoun, 1st common singular - and I",
"*hinənî*": "interjection + 1st common singular suffix - behold, I",
"*məḥazzēq*": "Piel participle, masculine singular - strengthening/hardening",
"*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*lēḇ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - heart of",
"*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt/Egyptians",
"*wə-yāḇōʾû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they shall come/go",
"*ʾaḥărêhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - after them",
"*wə-ʾikkāḇdāh*": "conjunction + Niphal imperfect cohortative, 1st common singular - and I will be honored",
"*bə-Pharʿōh*": "preposition + proper noun - through Pharaoh",
"*û-ḇəḵol*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - and through all",
"*ḥêlô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his army",
"*bə-riḵbô*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - through his chariots",
"*û-ḇəphārāšâw*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and through his horsemen"
},
"variants": {
"*hinənî*": "behold, I/here I am",
"*məḥazzēq*": "strengthening/hardening/making strong",
"*wə-yāḇōʾû*": "and they shall come/and they shall go/and they shall enter",
"*wə-ʾikkāḇdāh*": "and I will be honored/and I will gain glory",
"*ḥêlô*": "his army/his forces/his host"
}
}
18 {
"verseID": "Exodus.14.18",
"source": "וְיָדְע֥וּ מִצְרַ֖יִם כִּי־אֲנִ֣י יְהוָ֑ה בְּהִכָּבְדִ֣י בְּפַרְעֹ֔ה בְּרִכְבּ֖וֹ וּבְפָרָשָֽׁיו",
"text": "*wə-yādəʿû* *Miṣrayim* *kî*-*ʾănî* *YHWH* *bə-hikkāḇdî* *bə-Pharʿōh* *bə-riḵbô* *û-ḇəphārāšâw*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yādəʿû*": "conjunction + Qal perfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they will know",
"*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt/Egyptians",
"*kî*": "conjunction - that",
"*ʾănî*": "pronoun, 1st common singular - I",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/LORD",
"*bə-hikkāḇdî*": "preposition + Niphal infinitive construct + 1st common singular suffix - when I am honored",
"*bə-Pharʿōh*": "preposition + proper noun - through Pharaoh",
"*bə-riḵbô*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - through his chariots",
"*û-ḇəphārāšâw*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and through his horsemen"
},
"variants": {
"*wə-yādəʿû*": "and they will know/and they shall know",
"*kî-ʾănî YHWH*": "that I am YHWH (the LORD)",
"*bə-hikkāḇdî*": "when I am honored/when I gain glory",
"*bə-riḵbô*": "through his chariots/by his chariots"
}
}
19 {
"verseID": "Exodus.14.19",
"source": "וַיִּסַּ֞ע מַלְאַ֣ךְ הָאֱלֹהִ֗ים הַהֹלֵךְ֙ לִפְנֵי֙ מַחֲנֵ֣ה יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיֵּ֖לֶךְ מֵאַחֲרֵיהֶ֑ם וַיִּסַּ֞ע עַמּ֤וּד הֶֽעָנָן֙ מִפְּנֵיהֶ֔ם וַיּֽ͏ַעֲמֹ֖ד מֵאַחֲרֵיהֶֽם",
"text": "*wa-yissaʿ* *malʾaḵ* *hā-ʾĕlōhîm* *ha-hōlēḵ* *liphnê* *maḥănēh* *Yiśrāʾēl* *wa-yêleḵ* *mē-ʾaḥărêhem* *wa-yissaʿ* *ʿammûd* *he-ʿānān* *mi-ppənêhem* *wa-yaʿămōd* *mē-ʾaḥărêhem*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yissaʿ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and journeyed/moved",
"*malʾaḵ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - angel/messenger of",
"*hā-ʾĕlōhîm*": "article + noun, masculine plural - God",
"*ha-hōlēḵ*": "article + Qal participle, masculine singular - the one going",
"*liphnê*": "preposition + noun, construct - before",
"*maḥănēh*": "noun, masculine singular construct - camp of",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*wa-yêleḵ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he went",
"*mē-ʾaḥărêhem*": "preposition + preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - from behind them",
"*wa-yissaʿ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and journeyed/moved",
"*ʿammûd*": "noun, masculine singular construct - pillar of",
"*he-ʿānān*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the cloud",
"*mi-ppənêhem*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - from before them",
"*wa-yaʿămōd*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and stood",
"*mē-ʾaḥărêhem*": "preposition + preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - behind them"
},
"variants": {
"*wa-yissaʿ*": "and journeyed/and moved/and traveled",
"*malʾaḵ hā-ʾĕlōhîm*": "the angel of God/the messenger of God",
"*ha-hōlēḵ*": "the one going/who was going/who went",
"*wa-yêleḵ*": "and he went/and he moved",
"*ʿammûd he-ʿānān*": "the pillar of cloud",
"*wa-yaʿămōd*": "and stood/and took position"
}
}
20 {
"verseID": "Exodus.14.20",
"source": "וַיָּבֹ֞א בֵּ֣ין ׀ מַחֲנֵ֣ה מִצְרַ֗יִם וּבֵין֙ מַחֲנֵ֣ה יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיְהִ֤י הֶֽעָנָן֙ וְהַחֹ֔שֶׁךְ וַיָּ֖אֶר אֶת־הַלָּ֑יְלָה וְלֹא־קָרַ֥ב זֶ֛ה אֶל־זֶ֖ה כָּל־הַלָּֽיְלָה",
"text": "*wa-yyāḇōʾ* *bên* *maḥănēh* *Miṣrayim* *û-ḇên* *maḥănēh* *Yiśrāʾēl* *wa-yəhî* *he-ʿānān* *wə-ha-ḥōšeḵ* *wa-yyāʾer* *ʾeṯ*-*ha-lāylāh* *wə-lōʾ*-*qāraḇ* *zeh* *ʾel*-*zeh* *kol*-*ha-lāylāh*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yyāḇōʾ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it came",
"*bên*": "preposition - between",
"*maḥănēh*": "noun, masculine singular construct - camp of",
"*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt/Egyptians",
"*û-ḇên*": "conjunction + preposition - and between",
"*maḥănēh*": "noun, masculine singular construct - camp of",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*wa-yəhî*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and there was",
"*he-ʿānān*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the cloud",
"*wə-ha-ḥōšeḵ*": "conjunction + article + noun, masculine singular - and the darkness",
"*wa-yyāʾer*": "conjunction + Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it gave light to",
"*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*ha-lāylāh*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the night",
"*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not",
"*qāraḇ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - approached",
"*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this",
"*ʾel*": "preposition - to",
"*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - that",
"*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all",
"*ha-lāylāh*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the night"
},
"variants": {
"*wa-yyāḇōʾ*": "and it came/and it entered/and it went",
"*wa-yəhî*": "and there was/and it became",
"*he-ʿānān wə-ha-ḥōšeḵ*": "the cloud and the darkness",
"*wa-yyāʾer*": "and it gave light to/and it illuminated",
"*wə-lōʾ-qāraḇ*": "and did not approach/and did not come near",
"*zeh ʾel-zeh*": "this to that/one to the other"
}
}
21 {
"verseID": "Exodus.14.21",
"source": "וַיֵּ֨ט מֹשֶׁ֣ה אֶת־יָדוֹ֮ עַל־הַיָּם֒ וַיּ֣וֹלֶךְ יְהוָ֣ה ׀ אֶת־הַ֠יָּם בְּר֨וּחַ קָדִ֤ים עַזָּה֙ כָּל־הַלַּ֔יְלָה וַיָּ֥שֶׂם אֶת־הַיָּ֖ם לֶחָרָבָ֑ה וַיִּבָּקְע֖וּ הַמָּֽיִם",
"text": "*wa-yyēṭ* *Mōšeh* *ʾeṯ*-*yādô* *ʿal*-*ha-yām* *wa-yyôleḵ* *YHWH* *ʾeṯ*-*ha-yām* *bə-rûaḥ* *qādîm* *ʿazzāh* *kol*-*ha-laylāh* *wa-yyāśem* *ʾeṯ*-*ha-yām* *le-ḥārāḇāh* *wa-yyibbāqəʿû* *ha-māyim*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yyēṭ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he stretched out",
"*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses",
"*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*yādô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his hand",
"*ʿal*": "preposition - over",
"*ha-yām*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the sea",
"*wa-yyôleḵ*": "conjunction + Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he caused to go",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/LORD",
"*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*ha-yām*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the sea",
"*bə-rûaḥ*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - by a wind of",
"*qādîm*": "noun, masculine singular - east",
"*ʿazzāh*": "adjective, feminine singular - strong",
"*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all",
"*ha-laylāh*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the night",
"*wa-yyāśem*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he made",
"*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*ha-yām*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the sea",
"*le-ḥārāḇāh*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - into dry land",
"*wa-yyibbāqəʿû*": "conjunction + Niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they were divided",
"*ha-māyim*": "article + noun, masculine plural - the waters"
},
"variants": {
"*wa-yyēṭ*": "and he stretched out/and he extended",
"*wa-yyôleḵ*": "and he caused to go/and he drove back",
"*bə-rûaḥ qādîm ʿazzāh*": "by a strong east wind",
"*wa-yyāśem*": "and he made/and he turned",
"*le-ḥārāḇāh*": "into dry land/into dry ground",
"*wa-yyibbāqəʿû*": "and they were divided/and they were split"
}
}
22 {
"verseID": "Exodus.14.22",
"source": "וַיָּבֹ֧אוּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל בְּת֥וֹךְ הַיָּ֖ם בַּיַּבָּשָׁ֑ה וְהַמַּ֤יִם לָהֶם֙ חֹמָ֔ה מִֽימִינָ֖ם וּמִשְּׂמֹאלָֽם",
"text": "*wa-yyāḇōʾû* *ḇənê*-*Yiśrāʾēl* *bə-ṯôḵ* *ha-yām* *ba-yyabbāšāh* *wə-ha-mmayim* *lāhem* *ḥōmāh* *mî-mînām* *û-mi-śśəmōʾlām*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yyāḇōʾû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they came/went",
"*ḇənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*bə-ṯôḵ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - into the midst of",
"*ha-yām*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the sea",
"*ba-yyabbāšāh*": "preposition + article + noun, feminine singular - on the dry land",
"*wə-ha-mmayim*": "conjunction + article + noun, masculine plural - and the waters",
"*lāhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - for them",
"*ḥōmāh*": "noun, feminine singular - wall",
"*mî-mînām*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - on their right",
"*û-mi-śśəmōʾlām*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and on their left"
},
"variants": {
"*wa-yyāḇōʾû*": "and they came/and they went/and they entered",
"*bə-ṯôḵ*": "into the midst of/through",
"*ba-yyabbāšāh*": "on the dry land/on dry ground",
"*ḥōmāh*": "wall/barrier",
"*mî-mînām*": "on their right/at their right side",
"*û-mi-śśəmōʾlām*": "and on their left/and at their left side"
}
}
23 {
"verseID": "Exodus.14.23",
"source": "וַיִּרְדְּפ֤וּ מִצְרַ֙יִם֙ וַיָּבֹ֣אוּ אַחֲרֵיהֶ֔ם כֹּ֚ל ס֣וּס פַּרְעֹ֔ה רִכְבּ֖וֹ וּפָרָשָׁ֑יו אֶל־תּ֖וֹךְ הַיָּֽם",
"text": "*wa-yyirdəphû* *Miṣrayim* *wa-yyāḇōʾû* *ʾaḥărêhem* *kōl* *sûs* *Parʿōh* *riḵbô* *û-phārāšâw* *ʾel*-*tôḵ* *ha-yām*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yyirdəphû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they pursued",
"*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt/Egyptians",
"*wa-yyāḇōʾû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they came/went",
"*ʾaḥărêhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - after them",
"*kōl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all",
"*sûs*": "noun, masculine singular construct - horses of",
"*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh",
"*riḵbô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his chariots",
"*û-phārāšâw*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and his horsemen",
"*ʾel*": "preposition - into",
"*tôḵ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - midst of",
"*ha-yām*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the sea"
},
"variants": {
"*wa-yyirdəphû*": "and they pursued/and they chased",
"*wa-yyāḇōʾû*": "and they came/and they went/and they entered",
"*kōl sûs Parʿōh*": "all Pharaoh's horses",
"*riḵbô û-phārāšâw*": "his chariots and his horsemen",
"*ʾel-tôḵ*": "into the midst of/into"
}
}
24 {
"verseID": "Exodus.14.24",
"source": "וַֽיְהִי֙ בְּאַשְׁמֹ֣רֶת הַבֹּ֔קֶר וַיַּשְׁקֵ֤ף יְהוָה֙ אֶל־מַחֲנֵ֣ה מִצְרַ֔יִם בְּעַמּ֥וּד אֵ֖שׁ וְעָנָ֑ן וַיָּ֕הָם אֵ֖ת מַחֲנֵ֥ה מִצְרָֽיִם",
"text": "*wa-yəhî* *bə-ʾašmōreṯ* *ha-bōqer* *wa-yyašqēph* *YHWH* *ʾel*-*maḥănēh* *Miṣrayim* *bə-ʿammûd* *ʾēš* *wə-ʿānān* *wa-yyāhom* *ʾēṯ* *maḥănēh* *Miṣrāyim*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yəhî*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it came to pass",
"*bə-ʾašmōreṯ*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - in the watch of",
"*ha-bōqer*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the morning",
"*wa-yyašqēph*": "conjunction + Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he looked down",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/LORD",
"*ʾel*": "preposition - upon",
"*maḥănēh*": "noun, masculine singular construct - camp of",
"*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt/Egyptians",
"*bə-ʿammûd*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - in the pillar of",
"*ʾēš*": "noun, feminine singular - fire",
"*wə-ʿānān*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and cloud",
"*wa-yyāhom*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he confused",
"*ʾēṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*maḥănēh*": "noun, masculine singular construct - camp of",
"*Miṣrāyim*": "proper noun - Egypt/Egyptians"
},
"variants": {
"*wa-yəhî*": "and it came to pass/and it happened",
"*bə-ʾašmōreṯ ha-bōqer*": "in the morning watch",
"*wa-yyašqēph*": "and he looked down/and he gazed/and he observed",
"*bə-ʿammûd ʾēš wə-ʿānān*": "in the pillar of fire and cloud",
"*wa-yyāhom*": "and he confused/and he troubled/and he threw into panic"
}
}
25 {
"verseID": "Exodus.14.25",
"source": "וַיָּ֗סַר אֵ֚ת אֹפַ֣ן מַרְכְּבֹתָ֔יו וַֽיְנַהֲגֵ֖הוּ בִּכְבֵדֻ֑ת וַיֹּ֣אמֶר מִצְרַ֗יִם אָנ֙וּסָה֙ מִפְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל כִּ֣י יְהוָ֔ה נִלְחָ֥ם לָהֶ֖ם בְּמִצְרָֽיִם",
"text": "*wa-yyāsar* *ʾēṯ* *ʾōphan* *markəḇōṯâw* *wa-yənahăḡēhû* *bi-ḵəḇēduṯ* *wa-yyōʾmer* *Miṣrayim* *ʾānûsāh* *mi-ppənê* *Yiśrāʾēl* *kî* *YHWH* *nilḥām* *lāhem* *bə-Miṣrāyim*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yyāsar*": "conjunction + Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he removed",
"*ʾēṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*ʾōphan*": "noun, masculine singular construct - wheel of",
"*markəḇōṯâw*": "noun, feminine plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his chariots",
"*wa-yənahăḡēhû*": "conjunction + Piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and drove it",
"*bi-ḵəḇēduṯ*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - with heaviness/difficulty",
"*wa-yyōʾmer*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and said",
"*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt/Egyptians",
"*ʾānûsāh*": "Qal imperfect cohortative, 1st common singular - let me flee",
"*mi-ppənê*": "preposition + noun, plural construct - from before",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*kî*": "conjunction - for/because",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/LORD",
"*nilḥām*": "Niphal participle, masculine singular - fighting",
"*lāhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - for them",
"*bə-Miṣrāyim*": "preposition + proper noun - against Egypt/Egyptians"
},
"variants": {
"*wa-yyāsar*": "and he removed/and he took off",
"*ʾōphan markəḇōṯâw*": "the wheel of his chariots/the wheels of his chariots",
"*wa-yənahăḡēhû*": "and drove it/and he led it",
"*bi-ḵəḇēduṯ*": "with heaviness/with difficulty/clumsily",
"*ʾānûsāh*": "let me flee/I will flee",
"*nilḥām*": "fighting/is fighting",
"*bə-Miṣrāyim*": "against Egypt/against the Egyptians"
}
}
26 {
"verseID": "Exodus.14.26",
"source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה נְטֵ֥ה אֶת־יָדְךָ֖ עַל־הַיָּ֑ם וְיָשֻׁ֤בוּ הַמַּ֙יִם֙ עַל־מִצְרַ֔יִם עַל־רִכְבּ֖וֹ וְעַל־פָּרָשָֽׁיו",
"text": "*wa-yyōmer* *YHWH* *ʾel*-*Mōšeh* *nəṭēh* *ʾeṯ*-*yādəḵā* *ʿal*-*ha-yām* *wə-yāšuḇû* *ha-mmayim* *ʿal*-*Miṣrayim* *ʿal*-*riḵbô* *wə-ʿal*-*pārāšâw*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yyōmer*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/LORD",
"*ʾel*": "preposition - to",
"*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses",
"*nəṭēh*": "Qal imperative, masculine singular - stretch out",
"*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*yādəḵā*": "noun, feminine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your hand",
"*ʿal*": "preposition - over",
"*ha-yām*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the sea",
"*wə-yāšuḇû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they will return",
"*ha-mmayim*": "article + noun, masculine plural - the waters",
"*ʿal*": "preposition - upon",
"*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt/Egyptians",
"*ʿal*": "preposition - upon",
"*riḵbô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his chariots",
"*wə-ʿal*": "conjunction + preposition - and upon",
"*pārāšâw*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his horsemen"
},
"variants": {
"*nəṭēh*": "stretch out/extend",
"*wə-yāšuḇû*": "and they will return/and they will come back",
"*ʿal-Miṣrayim*": "upon Egypt/upon the Egyptians",
"*ʿal-riḵbô*": "upon his chariots/over his chariots"
}
}
27 {
"verseID": "Exodus.14.27",
"source": "וַיֵּט֩ מֹשֶׁ֨ה אֶת־יָד֜וֹ עַל־הַיָּ֗ם וַיָּ֨שָׁב הַיָּ֜ם לִפְנ֥וֹת בֹּ֙קֶר֙ לְאֵ֣יתָנ֔וֹ וּמִצְרַ֖יִם נָסִ֣ים לִקְרָאת֑וֹ וַיְנַעֵ֧ר יְהוָ֛ה אֶת־מִצְרַ֖יִם בְּת֥וֹךְ הַיָּֽם",
"text": "*wa-yyēṭ* *Mōšeh* *ʾeṯ*-*yādô* *ʿal*-*ha-yām* *wa-yyāšoḇ* *ha-yām* *li-phnôṯ* *bōqer* *lə-ʾêṯānô* *û-Miṣrayim* *nāsîm* *li-qrāʾṯô* *wa-yənaʿēr* *YHWH* *ʾeṯ*-*Miṣrayim* *bə-ṯôḵ* *ha-yām*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yyēṭ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he stretched out",
"*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses",
"*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*yādô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his hand",
"*ʿal*": "preposition - over",
"*ha-yām*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the sea",
"*wa-yyāšoḇ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it returned",
"*ha-yām*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the sea",
"*li-phnôṯ*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - at the turning of",
"*bōqer*": "noun, masculine singular - morning",
"*lə-ʾêṯānô*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - to its strength",
"*û-Miṣrayim*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Egypt/Egyptians",
"*nāsîm*": "Qal participle, masculine plural - fleeing",
"*li-qrāʾṯô*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - to meet it",
"*wa-yənaʿēr*": "conjunction + Piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he shook off",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/LORD",
"*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt/Egyptians",
"*bə-ṯôḵ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - in the midst of",
"*ha-yām*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the sea"
},
"variants": {
"*wa-yyēṭ*": "and he stretched out/and he extended",
"*wa-yyāšoḇ*": "and it returned/and it came back",
"*li-phnôṯ bōqer*": "at the turning of morning/at daybreak",
"*lə-ʾêṯānô*": "to its strength/to its normal state/to its place",
"*nāsîm*": "fleeing/running",
"*li-qrāʾṯô*": "to meet it/toward it",
"*wa-yənaʿēr*": "and he shook off/and he overthrew/and he tossed"
}
}
28 {
"verseID": "Exodus.14.28",
"source": "וַיָּשֻׁ֣בוּ הַמַּ֗יִם וַיְכַסּ֤וּ אֶת־הָרֶ֙כֶב֙ וְאֶת־הַפָּ֣רָשִׁ֔ים לְכֹל֙ חֵ֣יל פַּרְעֹ֔ה הַבָּאִ֥ים אַחֲרֵיהֶ֖ם בַּיָּ֑ם לֹֽא־נִשְׁאַ֥ר בָּהֶ֖ם עַד־אֶחָֽד",
"text": "*wa-yyāšuḇû* *ha-mmayim* *wa-yəḵassû* *ʾeṯ*-*hā-reḵeḇ* *wə-ʾeṯ*-*ha-ppārāšîm* *lə-ḵōl* *ḥêl* *Parʿōh* *ha-bbāʾîm* *ʾaḥărêhem* *ba-yyām* *lōʾ*-*nišʾar* *bāhem* *ʿad*-*ʾeḥād*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yyāšuḇû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they returned",
"*ha-mmayim*": "article + noun, masculine plural - the waters",
"*wa-yəḵassû*": "conjunction + Piel imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they covered",
"*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*hā-reḵeḇ*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the chariots",
"*wə-ʾeṯ*": "conjunction + direct object marker",
"*ha-ppārāšîm*": "article + noun, masculine plural - the horsemen",
"*lə-ḵōl*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - for all",
"*ḥêl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - army of",
"*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh",
"*ha-bbāʾîm*": "article + Qal participle, masculine plural - the ones coming",
"*ʾaḥărêhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - after them",
"*ba-yyām*": "preposition + article + noun, masculine singular - in the sea",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*nišʾar*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - remained",
"*bāhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - among them",
"*ʿad*": "preposition - even",
"*ʾeḥād*": "numeral, masculine singular - one"
},
"variants": {
"*wa-yyāšuḇû*": "and they returned/and they came back",
"*wa-yəḵassû*": "and they covered/and they overwhelmed",
"*hā-reḵeḇ*": "the chariots/the chariotry",
"*ha-bbāʾîm*": "who came/who had come/who were coming",
"*lōʾ-nišʾar*": "there remained not/there was not left",
"*ʿad-ʾeḥād*": "even one/so much as one"
}
}
29 {
"verseID": "Exodus.14.29",
"source": "וּבְנֵ֧י יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל הָלְכ֥וּ בַיַּבָּשָׁ֖ה בְּת֣וֹךְ הַיָּ֑ם וְהַמַּ֤יִם לָהֶם֙ חֹמָ֔ה מִֽימִינָ֖ם וּמִשְּׂמֹאלָֽם",
"text": "*û-ḇnê* *Yiśrāʾēl* *hāləḵû* *ḇa-yyabbāšāh* *bə-ṯôḵ* *ha-yām* *wə-ha-mmayim* *lāhem* *ḥōmāh* *mî-mînām* *û-mi-śśəmōʾlām*",
"grammar": {
"*û-ḇnê*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural construct - and sons of",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*hāləḵû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they walked/went",
"*ḇa-yyabbāšāh*": "preposition + article + noun, feminine singular - on the dry land",
"*bə-ṯôḵ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - in the midst of",
"*ha-yām*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the sea",
"*wə-ha-mmayim*": "conjunction + article + noun, masculine plural - and the waters",
"*lāhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - for them",
"*ḥōmāh*": "noun, feminine singular - wall",
"*mî-mînām*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - on their right",
"*û-mi-śśəmōʾlām*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and on their left"
},
"variants": {
"*hāləḵû*": "they walked/they went",
"*ḇa-yyabbāšāh*": "on the dry land/on dry ground",
"*bə-ṯôḵ*": "in the midst of/through",
"*ḥōmāh*": "wall/barrier",
"*mî-mînām*": "on their right/at their right side",
"*û-mi-śśəmōʾlām*": "and on their left/and at their left side"
}
}
30 {
"verseID": "Exodus.14.30",
"source": "וַיּ֨וֹשַׁע יְהוָ֜ה בַּיּ֥וֹם הַה֛וּא אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מִיַּ֣ד מִצְרָ֑יִם וַיַּ֤רְא יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֶת־מִצְרַ֔יִם מֵ֖ת עַל־שְׂפַ֥ת הַיָּֽם",
"text": "*wa-yyôšaʿ* *YHWH* *ba-yyôm* *ha-hûʾ* *ʾeṯ*-*Yiśrāʾēl* *mi-yyad* *Miṣrāyim* *wa-yyarʾ* *Yiśrāʾēl* *ʾeṯ*-*Miṣrayim* *mēṯ* *ʿal*-*śəphaṯ* *ha-yām*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yyôšaʿ*": "conjunction + Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he saved",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/LORD",
"*ba-yyôm*": "preposition + article + noun, masculine singular - on the day",
"*ha-hûʾ*": "article + pronoun, 3rd masculine singular - that",
"*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*mi-yyad*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - from the hand of",
"*Miṣrāyim*": "proper noun - Egypt/Egyptians",
"*wa-yyarʾ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and saw",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt/Egyptians",
"*mēṯ*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - dead",
"*ʿal*": "preposition - upon",
"*śəphaṯ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - shore of",
"*ha-yām*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the sea"
},
"variants": {
"*wa-yyôšaʿ*": "and he saved/and he delivered",
"*ba-yyôm ha-hûʾ*": "on that day",
"*mi-yyad*": "from the hand of/from the power of",
"*mēṯ*": "dead/dying (collective singular form)"
}
}
31 {
"verseID": "Exodus.14.31",
"source": "וַיַּ֨רְא יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל אֶת־הַיָּ֣ד הַגְּדֹלָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר עָשָׂ֤ה יְהוָה֙ בְּמִצְרַ֔יִם וַיִּֽירְא֥וּ הָעָ֖ם אֶת־יְהוָ֑ה וַיּֽ͏ַאֲמִ֙ינוּ֙ בַּֽיהוָ֔ה וּבְמֹשֶׁ֖ה עַבְדּֽוֹ",
"text": "*wa-yyarʾ* *Yiśrāʾēl* *ʾeṯ*-*ha-yyād* *ha-ggədōlāh* *ʾăšer* *ʿāśāh* *YHWH* *bə-Miṣrayim* *wa-yyîrəʾû* *hā-ʿām* *ʾeṯ*-*YHWH* *wa-yyaʾămînû* *ba-YHWH* *û-ḇə-Mōšeh* *ʿaḇdô*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yyarʾ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and saw",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*ha-yyād*": "article + noun, feminine singular - the hand",
"*ha-ggədōlāh*": "article + adjective, feminine singular - the great",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which",
"*ʿāśāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - did/performed",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/LORD",
"*bə-Miṣrayim*": "preposition + proper noun - against Egypt/Egyptians",
"*wa-yyîrəʾû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they feared",
"*hā-ʿām*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the people",
"*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/LORD",
"*wa-yyaʾămînû*": "conjunction + Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they believed",
"*ba-YHWH*": "preposition + proper noun, divine name - in Yahweh/LORD",
"*û-ḇə-Mōšeh*": "conjunction + preposition + proper noun - and in Moses",
"*ʿaḇdô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his servant"
},
"variants": {
"*ha-yyād ha-ggədōlāh*": "the great hand/the mighty power",
"*ʿāśāh*": "did/performed/worked",
"*bə-Miṣrayim*": "against Egypt/against the Egyptians",
"*wa-yyîrəʾû*": "and they feared/and they were in awe of",
"*wa-yyaʾămînû*": "and they believed/and they trusted",
"*ʿaḇdô*": "his servant/his minister"
}
}