{ "verseID": "Ruth.1.10", "source": "וַתֹּאמַ֖רְנָה־לָּ֑הּ כִּי־אִתָּ֥ךְ נָשׁ֖וּב לְעַמֵּֽךְ", "text": "And *wattōʾmarnāh*-to her, For with you *nāšûḇ* to *ʿammēk*", "grammar": { "*wattōʾmarnāh*": "waw-consecutive + 3rd feminine plural qal imperfect of אמר (to say) - and they said", "*nāšûḇ*": "1st common plural qal imperfect of שוב (to return) - we will return", "*ʿammēk*": "masculine singular noun + 2nd feminine singular possessive suffix - your people" }, "variants": {} }
They said to her, "We will go back with you to your people."
And they said unto her, Surely we will return with thee unto thy people.
And they said to her, Surely we will return with you to your people.
And they said unto her, Surely we will return with thee unto thy people.
And they said{H559} unto her, Nay, but we will return{H7725} with thee unto thy people.{H5971}
And they said{H559}{(H8799)} unto her, Surely we will return{H7725}{(H8799)} with thee unto thy people{H5971}.
& sayde vnto her: We wil go with the vnto yi people.
And they saide vnto her, Surely we will returne with thee vnto thy people.
And sayde vnto her: Surely we will returne with thee vnto thy folke.
And they said unto her, Surely we will return with thee unto thy people.
They said to her, No, but we will return with you to your people.
And they say to her, `Surely with thee we go back to thy people.'
And they said unto her, Nay, but we will return with thee unto thy people.
And they said unto her, Nay, but we will return with thee unto thy people.
And they said to her, No, but we will go back with you to your people.
They said to her, "No, but we will return with you to your people."
But they said to her,“No! We will return with you to your people.”
These verses are found using AI-powered semantic similarity based on meaning and context. Results may occasionally include unexpected connections.
11 { "verseID": "Ruth.1.11", "source": "וַתֹּ֤אמֶר נָעֳמִי֙ שֹׁ֣בְנָה בְנֹתַ֔י לָ֥מָּה תֵלַ֖כְנָה עִמִּ֑י הַֽעֽוֹד־לִ֤י בָנִים֙ בְּֽמֵעַ֔י וְהָי֥וּ לָכֶ֖ם לַאֲנָשִֽׁים", "text": "And *wattōʾmer* *nāʿŏmî*, *šōḇnāh* *ḇənōṯay*, *lāmmāh* *ṯēlaḵnāh* with me? *haʿôḏ*-to me *ḇānîm* in *bəmēʿay* and *wəhāyû* to you to *laʾănāšîm*?", "grammar": { "*wattōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive + 3rd feminine singular qal imperfect of אמר (to say) - and she said", "*nāʿŏmî*": "proper noun - Naomi", "*šōḇnāh*": "2nd feminine plural qal imperative of שוב (to return) - return", "*ḇənōṯay*": "feminine plural noun + 1st common singular possessive suffix - my daughters", "*lāmmāh*": "interrogative + preposition - why", "*ṯēlaḵnāh*": "2nd feminine plural qal imperfect of הלך (to go) - you would go", "*haʿôḏ*": "interrogative + adverb - are there still", "*ḇānîm*": "masculine plural noun - sons", "*bəmēʿay*": "preposition + masculine plural noun + 1st common singular possessive suffix - in my bowels/womb", "*wəhāyû*": "conjunction + 3rd common plural qal perfect of היה (to be) - and they would be", "*laʾănāšîm*": "preposition + masculine plural noun - for husbands" }, "variants": { "*bəmēʿay*": "in my womb/body/bowels", "*ḇənōṯay*": "my daughters (figurative term for daughters-in-law)" } }
12 { "verseID": "Ruth.1.12", "source": "שֹׁ֤בְנָה בְנֹתַי֙ לֵ֔כְןָ כִּ֥י זָקַ֖נְתִּי מִהְי֣וֹת לְאִ֑ישׁ כִּ֤י אָמַ֙רְתִּי֙ יֶשׁ־לִ֣י תִקְוָ֔ה גַּ֣ם הָיִ֤יתִי הַלַּ֙יְלָה֙ לְאִ֔ישׁ וְגַ֖ם יָלַ֥דְתִּי בָנִֽים", "text": "*Šōḇnāh* *ḇənōṯay*, *lēḵnā*, for *zāqantî* from *mihəyôṯ* to *ləʾîš*. For *ʾāmartî* there is to me *ṯiqwāh*, even *hāyîṯî* the *hallaylāh* to *ləʾîš* and even *yālaḏtî* *ḇānîm*", "grammar": { "*Šōḇnāh*": "2nd feminine plural qal imperative of שוב (to return) - return", "*ḇənōṯay*": "feminine plural noun + 1st common singular possessive suffix - my daughters", "*lēḵnā*": "2nd feminine plural qal imperative of הלך (to go) - go", "*zāqantî*": "1st common singular qal perfect of זקן (to be old) - I am old", "*mihəyôṯ*": "preposition + infinitive construct of היה (to be) - from being", "*ləʾîš*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - for a husband", "*ʾāmartî*": "1st common singular qal perfect of אמר (to say) - I said", "*ṯiqwāh*": "feminine singular noun - hope", "*hāyîṯî*": "1st common singular qal perfect of היה (to be) - I would be", "*hallaylāh*": "article + masculine singular noun - the night", "*yālaḏtî*": "1st common singular qal perfect of ילד (to bear) - I would bear", "*ḇānîm*": "masculine plural noun - sons" }, "variants": { "*ṯiqwāh*": "hope/expectation", "*ḇənōṯay*": "my daughters (figurative term for daughters-in-law)" } }
13 { "verseID": "Ruth.1.13", "source": "הֲלָהֵ֣ן ׀ תְּשַׂבֵּ֗רְנָה עַ֚ד אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִגְדָּ֔לוּ הֲלָהֵן֙ תֵּֽעָגֵ֔נָה לְבִלְתִּ֖י הֱי֣וֹת לְאִ֑ישׁ אַ֣ל בְּנֹתַ֗י כִּֽי־מַר־לִ֤י מְאֹד֙ מִכֶּ֔ם כִּֽי־יָצְאָ֥ה בִ֖י יַד־יְהוָֽה", "text": "*hălāhēn* *təśabbērnāh* until that *yiḡdālû*? *hălāhēn* *tēʿāḡēnāh* to *ləḇiltî* *hĕyôṯ* to *ləʾîš*? No, *bənōṯay*, for *mar*-to me very from you, for *yāṣəʾāh* against me *yaḏ*-*YHWH*", "grammar": { "*hălāhēn*": "interrogative + preposition + 3rd feminine plural suffix - for them?", "*təśabbērnāh*": "2nd feminine plural piel imperfect of שבר (to wait/hope) - you would wait", "*yiḡdālû*": "3rd masculine plural qal imperfect of גדל (to grow) - they would grow up", "*tēʿāḡēnāh*": "2nd feminine plural niphal imperfect of עגן (to be restrained) - you would be restrained", "*ləḇiltî*": "preposition + conjunction - in order not", "*hĕyôṯ*": "infinitive construct of היה (to be) - to be", "*ləʾîš*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - to a husband", "*bənōṯay*": "feminine plural noun + 1st common singular possessive suffix - my daughters", "*mar*": "adjective masculine singular - bitter", "*yāṣəʾāh*": "3rd feminine singular qal perfect of יצא (to go out) - has gone out", "*yaḏ*": "feminine singular construct noun - hand of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/LORD" }, "variants": { "*təśabbērnāh*": "you would wait/hope/expect", "*tēʿāḡēnāh*": "you would be restrained/shut up/bound", "*mar*": "bitter/painful/grievous", "*yaḏ*": "hand/power/agency" } }
14 { "verseID": "Ruth.1.14", "source": "וַתִּשֶּׂ֣נָה קוֹלָ֔ן וַתִּבְכֶּ֖ינָה ע֑וֹד וַתִּשַּׁ֤ק עָרְפָּה֙ לַחֲמוֹתָ֔הּ וְר֖וּת דָּ֥בְקָה בָּֽהּ", "text": "And *wattiśśenāh* *qôlān* and *wattiḇkênāh* again. And *wattiššaq* *ʿārpāh* to *laḥămôṯāh*, and *rûṯ* *dāḇəqāh* in her", "grammar": { "*wattiśśenāh*": "waw-consecutive + 3rd feminine plural qal imperfect of נשא (to lift) - and they lifted", "*qôlān*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd feminine plural possessive suffix - their voice", "*wattiḇkênāh*": "waw-consecutive + 3rd feminine plural qal imperfect of בכה (to weep) - and they wept", "*wattiššaq*": "waw-consecutive + 3rd feminine singular qal imperfect of נשק (to kiss) - and she kissed", "*ʿārpāh*": "proper noun - Orpah", "*laḥămôṯāh*": "preposition + feminine singular noun + 3rd feminine singular possessive suffix - to her mother-in-law", "*rûṯ*": "proper noun - Ruth", "*dāḇəqāh*": "3rd feminine singular qal perfect of דבק (to cling) - clung" }, "variants": { "*dāḇəqāh*": "clung/adhered to/remained loyal to" } }
15 { "verseID": "Ruth.1.15", "source": "וַתֹּ֗אמֶר הִנֵּה֙ שָׁ֣בָה יְבִמְתֵּ֔ךְ אֶל־עַמָּ֖הּ וְאֶל־אֱלֹהֶ֑יהָ שׁ֖וּבִי אַחֲרֵ֥י יְבִמְתֵּֽךְ", "text": "And *wattōʾmer*, Behold, *šāḇāh* *yəḇimtēk* to *ʿammāh* and to *ʾĕlōhêhā*. *šûḇî* after *yəḇimtēk*", "grammar": { "*wattōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive + 3rd feminine singular qal imperfect of אמר (to say) - and she said", "*šāḇāh*": "3rd feminine singular qal perfect of שוב (to return) - she has returned", "*yəḇimtēk*": "feminine singular noun + 2nd feminine singular possessive suffix - your sister-in-law", "*ʿammāh*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd feminine singular possessive suffix - her people", "*ʾĕlōhêhā*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd feminine singular possessive suffix - her gods", "*šûḇî*": "2nd feminine singular qal imperative of שוב (to return) - return" }, "variants": { "*yəḇimtēk*": "your sister-in-law/your husband's brother's wife" } }
16 { "verseID": "Ruth.1.16", "source": "וַתֹּ֤אמֶר רוּת֙ אַל־תִּפְגְּעִי־בִ֔י לְעָזְבֵ֖ךְ לָשׁ֣וּב מֵאַחֲרָ֑יִךְ כִּ֠י אֶל־אֲשֶׁ֨ר תֵּלְכִ֜י אֵלֵ֗ךְ וּבַאֲשֶׁ֤ר תָּלִ֙ינִי֙ אָלִ֔ין עַמֵּ֣ךְ עַמִּ֔י וֵאלֹהַ֖יִךְ אֱלֹהָֽי", "text": "And *wattōʾmer* *rûṯ*, Do not *tip̄gəʿî*-in me to *ləʿāzḇēk* to *lāšûḇ* from after you, for to which *tēləḵî* *ʾēlēḵ* and in which *tālînî* *ʾālîn*. *ʿammēḵ* *ʿammî* and *wēʾlōhayiḵ* *ʾĕlōhāy*", "grammar": { "*wattōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive + 3rd feminine singular qal imperfect of אמר (to say) - and she said", "*rûṯ*": "proper noun - Ruth", "*tip̄gəʿî*": "2nd feminine singular qal jussive of פגע (to encounter/urge) - urge", "*ləʿāzḇēk*": "preposition + infinitive construct of עזב (to leave) + 2nd feminine singular suffix - to leave you", "*lāšûḇ*": "preposition + infinitive construct of שוב (to return) - to return", "*tēləḵî*": "2nd feminine singular qal imperfect of הלך (to go) - you go", "*ʾēlēḵ*": "1st common singular qal imperfect of הלך (to go) - I will go", "*tālînî*": "2nd feminine singular qal imperfect of לין (to lodge) - you lodge", "*ʾālîn*": "1st common singular qal imperfect of לין (to lodge) - I will lodge", "*ʿammēḵ*": "masculine singular noun + 2nd feminine singular possessive suffix - your people", "*ʿammî*": "masculine singular noun + 1st common singular possessive suffix - my people", "*wēʾlōhayiḵ*": "conjunction + masculine plural noun + 2nd feminine singular possessive suffix - and your God", "*ʾĕlōhāy*": "masculine plural noun + 1st common singular possessive suffix - my God" }, "variants": { "*tip̄gəʿî*": "urge/entreat/press/insist" } }
17 { "verseID": "Ruth.1.17", "source": "בַּאֲשֶׁ֤ר תָּמ֙וּתִי֙ אָמ֔וּת וְשָׁ֖ם אֶקָּבֵ֑ר כֹּה֩ יַעֲשֶׂ֨ה יְהוָ֥ה לִי֙ וְכֹ֣ה יֹסִ֔יף כִּ֣י הַמָּ֔וֶת יַפְרִ֖יד בֵּינִ֥י וּבֵינֵֽךְ", "text": "In which *tāmûṯî* *ʾāmûṯ* and there *ʾeqqāḇēr*. So *yaʿăśeh* *YHWH* to me and so *yōsîp̄*, for the *hammāweṯ* *yap̄rîḏ* between me and between you", "grammar": { "*tāmûṯî*": "2nd feminine singular qal imperfect of מות (to die) - you die", "*ʾāmûṯ*": "1st common singular qal imperfect of מות (to die) - I will die", "*ʾeqqāḇēr*": "1st common singular niphal imperfect of קבר (to bury) - I will be buried", "*yaʿăśeh*": "3rd masculine singular qal imperfect of עשה (to do) - may he do", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/LORD", "*yōsîp̄*": "3rd masculine singular hiphil jussive of יסף (to add) - may he add", "*hammāweṯ*": "article + masculine singular noun - death", "*yap̄rîḏ*": "3rd masculine singular hiphil imperfect of פרד (to separate) - will separate" }, "variants": {} }
18 { "verseID": "Ruth.1.18", "source": "וַתֵּ֕רֶא כִּֽי־מִתְאַמֶּ֥צֶת הִ֖יא לָלֶ֣כֶת אִתָּ֑הּ וַתֶּחְדַּ֖ל לְדַבֵּ֥ר אֵלֶֽיהָ", "text": "And *wattēreʾ* that *miṯʾammeṣeṯ* she to *lāleḵeṯ* with her, and *watteḥdal* to *ləḏabbēr* to her", "grammar": { "*wattēreʾ*": "waw-consecutive + 3rd feminine singular qal imperfect of ראה (to see) - and she saw", "*miṯʾammeṣeṯ*": "feminine singular hitpael participle of אמץ (to be strong) - she was determined", "*lāleḵeṯ*": "preposition + infinitive construct of הלך (to go) - to go", "*watteḥdal*": "waw-consecutive + 3rd feminine singular qal imperfect of חדל (to cease) - and she ceased", "*ləḏabbēr*": "preposition + piel infinitive construct of דבר (to speak) - to speak" }, "variants": { "*miṯʾammeṣeṯ*": "determined/firmly resolved/making herself strong" } }
19 { "verseID": "Ruth.1.19", "source": "וַתֵּלַ֣כְנָה שְׁתֵּיהֶ֔ם עַד־בֹּאָ֖נָה בֵּ֣ית לָ֑חֶם וַיְהִ֗י כְּבֹאָ֙נָה֙ בֵּ֣ית לֶ֔חֶם וַתֵּהֹ֤ם כָּל־הָעִיר֙ עֲלֵיהֶ֔ן וַתֹּאמַ֖רְנָה הֲזֹ֥את נָעֳמִֽי", "text": "And *wattēlaḵnāh* two of them until *bōʾānāh* *bêṯ lāḥem*. And *wayəhî* when *kəḇōʾānāh* *bêṯ leḥem*, and *wattēhōm* all the *hāʿîr* about them, and *wattōʾmarnāh*, Is this *nāʿŏmî*?", "grammar": { "*wattēlaḵnāh*": "waw-consecutive + 3rd feminine plural qal imperfect of הלך (to go) - and they went", "*bōʾānāh*": "infinitive construct of בוא (to come) + 3rd feminine plural suffix - their coming", "*bêṯ lāḥem*": "proper noun compound - Bethlehem", "*wayəhî*": "waw-consecutive + 3rd masculine singular qal imperfect of היה (to be) - and it happened", "*kəḇōʾānāh*": "preposition + infinitive construct of בוא (to come) + 3rd feminine plural suffix - as they came", "*wattēhōm*": "waw-consecutive + 3rd feminine singular qal imperfect of המה (to murmur/be in commotion) - and it was stirred", "*hāʿîr*": "article + feminine singular noun - the city", "*wattōʾmarnāh*": "waw-consecutive + 3rd feminine plural qal imperfect of אמר (to say) - and they said", "*nāʿŏmî*": "proper noun - Naomi" }, "variants": { "*wattēhōm*": "was stirred/was in commotion/was excited" } }
20 { "verseID": "Ruth.1.20", "source": "וַתֹּ֣אמֶר אֲלֵיהֶ֔ן אַל־תִּקְרֶ֥אנָה לִ֖י נָעֳמִ֑י קְרֶ֤אןָ לִי֙ מָרָ֔א כִּי־הֵמַ֥ר שַׁדַּ֛י לִ֖י מְאֹֽד", "text": "And *wattōʾmer* to them, Do not *tiqreʾnāh* to me *nāʿŏmî*; *qəreʾnā* to me *mārāʾ*, for *hēmar* *šadday* to me very", "grammar": { "*wattōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive + 3rd feminine singular qal imperfect of אמר (to say) - and she said", "*tiqreʾnāh*": "2nd feminine plural qal imperfect of קרא (to call) - call", "*nāʿŏmî*": "proper noun - Naomi (pleasant)", "*qəreʾnā*": "2nd feminine plural qal imperative of קרא (to call) - call", "*mārāʾ*": "feminine singular adjective - bitter", "*hēmar*": "3rd masculine singular hiphil perfect of מרר (to be bitter) - has made bitter", "*šadday*": "divine name - Almighty" }, "variants": { "*nāʿŏmî*": "pleasant/sweet/delightful", "*mārāʾ*": "bitter/bitterness", "*šadday*": "Almighty/the Almighty One" } }
21 { "verseID": "Ruth.1.21", "source": "אֲנִי֙ מְלֵאָ֣ה הָלַ֔כְתִּי וְרֵיקָ֖ם הֱשִׁיבַ֣נִי יְהוָ֑ה לָ֣מָּה תִקְרֶ֤אנָה לִי֙ נָעֳמִ֔י וַֽיהוָה֙ עָ֣נָה בִ֔י וְשַׁדַּ֖י הֵ֥רַֽע לִֽי", "text": "I *məlēʾāh* *hālaḵtî* and *rêqām* *hĕšîḇanî* *YHWH*. *lāmmāh* *ṯiqreʾnāh* to me *nāʿŏmî*, and *waYHWH* *ʿānāh* against me and *šadday* *hēraʿ* to me", "grammar": { "*məlēʾāh*": "feminine singular adjective - full", "*hālaḵtî*": "1st common singular qal perfect of הלך (to go) - I went", "*rêqām*": "adverb - empty", "*hĕšîḇanî*": "3rd masculine singular hiphil perfect of שוב (to return) + 1st common singular suffix - he brought me back", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/LORD", "*lāmmāh*": "interrogative + preposition - why", "*ṯiqreʾnāh*": "2nd feminine plural qal imperfect of קרא (to call) - you call", "*nāʿŏmî*": "proper noun - Naomi (pleasant)", "*ʿānāh*": "3rd masculine singular qal perfect of ענה (to afflict/humble) - has testified/afflicted", "*šadday*": "divine name - Almighty", "*hēraʿ*": "3rd masculine singular hiphil perfect of רעע (to be evil) - has done evil/harm" }, "variants": { "*məlēʾāh*": "full/filled/complete", "*rêqām*": "empty/void/without anything", "*ʿānāh*": "testified against/afflicted/humbled", "*hēraʿ*": "brought evil upon/harmed/afflicted" } }
22 { "verseID": "Ruth.1.22", "source": "וַתָּ֣שָׁב נָעֳמִ֗י וְר֨וּת הַמּוֹאֲבִיָּ֤ה כַלָּתָהּ֙ עִמָּ֔הּ הַשָּׁ֖בָה מִשְּׂדֵ֣י מוֹאָ֑ב וְהֵ֗מָּה בָּ֚אוּ בֵּ֣ית לֶ֔חֶם בִּתְחִלַּ֖ת קְצִ֥יר שְׂעֹרִֽים", "text": "And *wattāšāḇ* *nāʿŏmî* and *rûṯ* the *hammôʾăḇîyāh* *kallāṯāh* with her, the one *haššāḇāh* from *śəḏê môʾāḇ*. And they *bāʾû* *bêṯ leḥem* in *biṯəḥillaṯ* *qəṣîr* *śəʿōrîm*", "grammar": { "*wattāšāḇ*": "waw-consecutive + 3rd feminine singular qal imperfect of שוב (to return) - and she returned", "*nāʿŏmî*": "proper noun - Naomi", "*rûṯ*": "proper noun - Ruth", "*hammôʾăḇîyāh*": "article + feminine singular gentilic adjective - the Moabitess", "*kallāṯāh*": "feminine singular noun + 3rd feminine singular possessive suffix - her daughter-in-law", "*haššāḇāh*": "article + feminine singular qal participle of שוב (to return) - the one returning", "*śəḏê môʾāḇ*": "construct state plural of שדה + proper noun - fields of Moab", "*bāʾû*": "3rd common plural qal perfect of בוא (to come) - they came", "*bêṯ leḥem*": "proper noun compound - Bethlehem", "*biṯəḥillaṯ*": "preposition + feminine singular construct of תחלה (beginning) - in the beginning of", "*qəṣîr*": "masculine singular construct noun - harvest of", "*śəʿōrîm*": "masculine plural noun - barley" }, "variants": { "*qəṣîr*": "harvest/reaping" } }
1 { "verseID": "Ruth.1.1", "source": "וַיְהִ֗י בִּימֵי֙ שְׁפֹ֣ט הַשֹּׁפְטִ֔ים וַיְהִ֥י רָעָ֖ב בָּאָ֑רֶץ וַיֵּ֨לֶךְ אִ֜ישׁ מִבֵּ֧ית לֶ֣חֶם יְהוּדָ֗ה לָגוּר֙ בִּשְׂדֵ֣י מוֹאָ֔ב ה֥וּא וְאִשְׁתּ֖וֹ וּשְׁנֵ֥י בָנָֽיו", "text": "And *wayəhî* in days of *šəp̄ōṭ* the *haššōp̄əṭîm*, and *wayəhî* *rāʿāḇ* in the *ʾāreṣ*, and *wayyēlek* *ʾîš* from *bêṯ leḥem yəhûḏāh* to *lāḡûr* in *śəḏê môʾāḇ*, he and *ʾišətô* and two of *bānâw*", "grammar": { "*wayəhî*": "waw-consecutive + 3rd masculine singular imperfect of היה (to be) - and it came to pass/happened", "*šəp̄ōṭ*": "infinitive construct of שפט (to judge) - judging", "*haššōp̄əṭîm*": "article + masculine plural participle of שפט - the judges", "*rāʿāḇ*": "masculine singular noun - famine/hunger", "*ʾāreṣ*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the land", "*wayyēlek*": "waw-consecutive + 3rd masculine singular imperfect of הלך (to go) - and he went", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - man", "*bêṯ leḥem yəhûḏāh*": "proper noun compound - Bethlehem of Judah", "*lāḡûr*": "preposition + infinitive construct of גור - to sojourn/dwell temporarily", "*śəḏê môʾāḇ*": "construct state plural of שדה + proper noun - fields of Moab", "*ʾišətô*": "feminine singular noun + 3rd masculine singular possessive suffix - his wife", "*bānâw*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd masculine singular possessive suffix - his sons" }, "variants": { "*wayəhî*": "and it happened/came to pass/was", "*šəp̄ōṭ*": "judging/governing", "*rāʿāḇ*": "famine/hunger", "*lāḡûr*": "to sojourn/dwell as a foreigner/reside temporarily", "*śəḏê*": "fields/countryside/territory" } }
2 { "verseID": "Ruth.1.2", "source": "וְשֵׁ֣ם הָאִ֣ישׁ אֱֽלִימֶ֡לֶךְ וְשֵׁם֩ אִשְׁתּ֨וֹ נָעֳמִ֜י וְשֵׁ֥ם שְׁנֵֽי־בָנָ֣יו ׀ מַחְל֤וֹן וְכִלְיוֹן֙ אֶפְרָתִ֔ים מִבֵּ֥ית לֶ֖חֶם יְהוּדָ֑ה וַיָּבֹ֥אוּ שְׂדֵי־מוֹאָ֖ב וַיִּֽהְיוּ־שָֽׁם", "text": "And *šēm* of the *hāʾîš* *ʾĕlîmelek* and *šēm* of *ʾištô* *nāʿŏmî* and *šēm* of two of *bānâw* *maḥlôn* and *kilǝyôn*, *ʾep̄rāṯîm* from *bêṯ leḥem yəhûḏāh*. And *wayyāḇōʾû* *śəḏê-môʾāḇ* and *wayyihyû* there", "grammar": { "*šēm*": "masculine singular construct noun - name of", "*hāʾîš*": "article + masculine singular noun - the man", "*ʾĕlîmelek*": "proper noun - Elimelech", "*ʾištô*": "feminine singular noun + 3rd masculine singular possessive suffix - his wife", "*nāʿŏmî*": "proper noun - Naomi", "*bānâw*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd masculine singular possessive suffix - his sons", "*maḥlôn*": "proper noun - Mahlon", "*kilǝyôn*": "proper noun - Kilion", "*ʾep̄rāṯîm*": "masculine plural gentilic noun - Ephrathites", "*wayyāḇōʾû*": "waw-consecutive + 3rd masculine plural imperfect of בוא (to come) - and they came", "*śəḏê-môʾāḇ*": "construct state plural of שדה + proper noun - fields of Moab", "*wayyihyû*": "waw-consecutive + 3rd masculine plural imperfect of היה (to be) - and they were" }, "variants": { "*ʾep̄rāṯîm*": "Ephrathites/people from Ephrath (old name for Bethlehem)" } }
3 { "verseID": "Ruth.1.3", "source": "וַיָּ֥מָת אֱלִימֶ֖לֶךְ אִ֣ישׁ נָעֳמִ֑י וַתִּשָּׁאֵ֥ר הִ֖יא וּשְׁנֵ֥י בָנֶֽיהָ", "text": "And *wayyāmāṯ* *ʾĕlîmelek* *ʾîš* *nāʿŏmî*, and *wattiššāʾēr* she and two of *bānêhā*", "grammar": { "*wayyāmāṯ*": "waw-consecutive + 3rd masculine singular imperfect of מות (to die) - and he died", "*ʾĕlîmelek*": "proper noun - Elimelech", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular construct noun - husband of", "*nāʿŏmî*": "proper noun - Naomi", "*wattiššāʾēr*": "waw-consecutive + 3rd feminine singular niphal imperfect of שאר (to remain) - and she remained/was left", "*bānêhā*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd feminine singular possessive suffix - her sons" }, "variants": { "*wattiššāʾēr*": "and she was left/remained behind" } }
4 { "verseID": "Ruth.1.4", "source": "וַיִּשְׂא֣וּ לָהֶ֗ם נָשִׁים֙ מֹֽאֲבִיּ֔וֹת שֵׁ֤ם הָֽאַחַת֙ עָרְפָּ֔ה וְשֵׁ֥ם הַשֵּׁנִ֖ית ר֑וּת וַיֵּ֥שְׁבוּ שָׁ֖ם כְּעֶ֥שֶׂר שָׁנִֽים", "text": "And *wayyiśʾû* to them *nāšîm* *mōʾăḇîyôṯ*, *šēm* of the *hāʾaḥaṯ* *ʿārpāh* and *šēm* of the *haššēnîṯ* *rûṯ*, and *wayyēšḇû* there about *ʿeśer* *šānîm*", "grammar": { "*wayyiśʾû*": "waw-consecutive + 3rd masculine plural imperfect of נשא (to lift/take/marry) - and they took", "*nāšîm*": "feminine plural noun - women/wives", "*mōʾăḇîyôṯ*": "feminine plural gentilic adjective - Moabite", "*šēm*": "masculine singular construct noun - name of", "*hāʾaḥaṯ*": "article + feminine singular numeral - the first/one", "*ʿārpāh*": "proper noun - Orpah", "*haššēnîṯ*": "article + feminine singular ordinal - the second", "*rûṯ*": "proper noun - Ruth", "*wayyēšḇû*": "waw-consecutive + 3rd masculine plural imperfect of ישב (to dwell) - and they dwelled", "*ʿeśer*": "numeral - ten", "*šānîm*": "feminine plural noun - years" }, "variants": { "*wayyiśʾû*": "and they took/married/lifted" } }
5 { "verseID": "Ruth.1.5", "source": "וַיָּמ֥וּתוּ גַם־שְׁנֵיהֶ֖ם מַחְל֣וֹן וְכִלְי֑וֹן וַתִּשָּׁאֵר֙ הָֽאִשָּׁ֔ה מִשְּׁנֵ֥י יְלָדֶ֖יהָ וּמֵאִישָֽׁהּ", "text": "And *wayyāmûṯû* also two of them, *maḥlôn* and *kilǝyôn*, and *wattiššāʾēr* the *hāʾiššāh* from two of *yəlāḏêhā* and from *ʾîšāh*", "grammar": { "*wayyāmûṯû*": "waw-consecutive + 3rd masculine plural imperfect of מות (to die) - and they died", "*maḥlôn*": "proper noun - Mahlon", "*kilǝyôn*": "proper noun - Kilion", "*wattiššāʾēr*": "waw-consecutive + 3rd feminine singular niphal imperfect of שאר (to remain) - and she remained/was left", "*hāʾiššāh*": "article + feminine singular noun - the woman", "*yəlāḏêhā*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd feminine singular possessive suffix - her children", "*ʾîšāh*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd feminine singular possessive suffix - her husband" }, "variants": { "*wattiššāʾēr*": "and she was left/remained behind", "*yəlāḏêhā*": "her children/sons/offspring" } }
6 { "verseID": "Ruth.1.6", "source": "וַתָּ֤קָם הִיא֙ וְכַלֹּתֶ֔יהָ וַתָּ֖שָׁב מִשְּׂדֵ֣י מוֹאָ֑ב כִּ֤י שָֽׁמְעָה֙ בִּשְׂדֵ֣ה מוֹאָ֔ב כִּֽי־פָקַ֤ד יְהוָה֙ אֶת־עַמּ֔וֹ לָתֵ֥ת לָהֶ֖ם לָֽחֶם", "text": "And *wattāqām* she and *kallōṯêhā* and *wattāšāḇ* from *śəḏê môʾāḇ* because *šāməʿāh* in *śəḏēh môʾāḇ* that *pāqaḏ* *YHWH* *ʾeṯ-ʿammô* to *lāṯēṯ* to them *lāḥem*", "grammar": { "*wattāqām*": "waw-consecutive + 3rd feminine singular qal imperfect of קום (to rise) - and she arose", "*kallōṯêhā*": "feminine plural noun + 3rd feminine singular possessive suffix - her daughters-in-law", "*wattāšāḇ*": "waw-consecutive + 3rd feminine singular qal imperfect of שוב (to return) - and she returned", "*śəḏê môʾāḇ*": "construct state plural of שדה + proper noun - fields of Moab", "*šāməʿāh*": "3rd feminine singular qal perfect of שמע (to hear) - she heard", "*śəḏēh môʾāḇ*": "construct state singular of שדה + proper noun - field of Moab", "*pāqaḏ*": "3rd masculine singular qal perfect of פקד (to visit/attend to) - he visited/attended to", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/LORD", "*ʾeṯ-ʿammô*": "direct object marker + masculine singular noun + 3rd masculine singular possessive suffix - his people", "*lāṯēṯ*": "preposition + infinitive construct of נתן (to give) - to give", "*lāḥem*": "masculine singular noun - bread/food" }, "variants": { "*pāqaḏ*": "visited/attended to/remembered/took notice of", "*lāḥem*": "bread/food/sustenance" } }
7 { "verseID": "Ruth.1.7", "source": "וַתֵּצֵ֗א מִן־הַמָּקוֹם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הָיְתָה־שָׁ֔מָּה וּשְׁתֵּ֥י כַלֹּתֶ֖יהָ עִמָּ֑הּ וַתֵּלַ֣כְנָה בַדֶּ֔רֶךְ לָשׁ֖וּב אֶל־אֶ֥רֶץ יְהוּדָֽה", "text": "And *wattēṣēʾ* from the *hammāqôm* which *hāyəṯāh*-there and two of *kallōṯêhā* with her, and *wattēlaḵnāh* in the *badderek* to *lāšûḇ* to *ʾereṣ yəhûḏāh*", "grammar": { "*wattēṣēʾ*": "waw-consecutive + 3rd feminine singular qal imperfect of יצא (to go out) - and she went out", "*hammāqôm*": "article + masculine singular noun - the place", "*hāyəṯāh*": "3rd feminine singular qal perfect of היה (to be) - she was", "*kallōṯêhā*": "feminine plural noun + 3rd feminine singular possessive suffix - her daughters-in-law", "*wattēlaḵnāh*": "waw-consecutive + 3rd feminine plural qal imperfect of הלך (to go) - and they went", "*badderek*": "preposition + article + masculine singular noun - in the way/road", "*lāšûḇ*": "preposition + infinitive construct of שוב (to return) - to return", "*ʾereṣ yəhûḏāh*": "construct state singular of ארץ + proper noun - land of Judah" }, "variants": { "*badderek*": "in the way/road/journey/path" } }
8 { "verseID": "Ruth.1.8", "source": "וַתֹּ֤אמֶר נָעֳמִי֙ לִשְׁתֵּ֣י כַלֹּתֶ֔יהָ לֵ֣כְנָה שֹּׁ֔בְנָה אִשָּׁ֖ה לְבֵ֣ית אִמָּ֑הּ *יעשה **יַ֣עַשׂ יְהוָ֤ה עִמָּכֶם֙ חֶ֔סֶד כַּאֲשֶׁ֧ר עֲשִׂיתֶ֛ם עִם־הַמֵּתִ֖ים וְעִמָּדִֽי", "text": "And *wattōʾmer* *nāʿŏmî* to two of *kallōṯêhā*, *lēknāh* *šōḇnāh* *ʾiššāh* to *bêṯ* of *ʾimmāh*; *yaʿaś* *YHWH* with you *ḥeseḏ* as which *ʿăśîṯem* with the *hammēṯîm* and with me", "grammar": { "*wattōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive + 3rd feminine singular qal imperfect of אמר (to say) - and she said", "*nāʿŏmî*": "proper noun - Naomi", "*kallōṯêhā*": "feminine plural noun + 3rd feminine singular possessive suffix - her daughters-in-law", "*lēknāh*": "2nd feminine plural qal imperative of הלך (to go) - go", "*šōḇnāh*": "2nd feminine plural qal imperative of שוב (to return) - return", "*ʾiššāh*": "feminine singular noun - each woman", "*bêṯ*": "masculine singular construct noun - house of", "*ʾimmāh*": "feminine singular noun + 3rd feminine singular possessive suffix - her mother", "*yaʿaś*": "3rd masculine singular qal jussive of עשה (to do) - may he do", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/LORD", "*ḥeseḏ*": "masculine singular noun - lovingkindness/covenant faithfulness", "*ʿăśîṯem*": "2nd masculine plural qal perfect of עשה (to do) - you did", "*hammēṯîm*": "article + masculine plural qal participle of מות (to die) - the dead ones" }, "variants": { "*ḥeseḏ*": "lovingkindness/steadfast love/covenant faithfulness/mercy", "*ʾiššāh*": "each woman/each one" } }
9 { "verseID": "Ruth.1.9", "source": "יִתֵּ֤ן יְהוָה֙ לָכֶ֔ם וּמְצֶ֣אןָ מְנוּחָ֔ה אִשָּׁ֖ה בֵּ֣ית אִישָׁ֑הּ וַתִּשַּׁ֣ק לָהֶ֔ן וַתִּשֶּׂ֥אנָה קוֹלָ֖ן וַתִּבְכֶּֽינָה", "text": "*Yittēn* *YHWH* to you and *ûməṣeʾnā* *mənûḥāh*, *ʾiššāh* *bêṯ* of *ʾîšāh*. And *wattiššaq* to them, and *wattiśśeʾnāh* *qôlān* and *wattiḇkênāh*", "grammar": { "*Yittēn*": "3rd masculine singular qal jussive of נתן (to give) - may he give", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/LORD", "*ûməṣeʾnā*": "conjunction + 2nd feminine plural qal imperative of מצא (to find) - and may you find", "*mənûḥāh*": "feminine singular noun - rest/security", "*ʾiššāh*": "feminine singular noun - each woman", "*bêṯ*": "masculine singular construct noun - house of", "*ʾîšāh*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd feminine singular possessive suffix - her husband", "*wattiššaq*": "waw-consecutive + 3rd feminine singular qal imperfect of נשק (to kiss) - and she kissed", "*wattiśśeʾnāh*": "waw-consecutive + 3rd feminine plural qal imperfect of נשא (to lift) - and they lifted", "*qôlān*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd feminine plural possessive suffix - their voice", "*wattiḇkênāh*": "waw-consecutive + 3rd feminine plural qal imperfect of בכה (to weep) - and they wept" }, "variants": { "*mənûḥāh*": "rest/security/place of rest/comfort", "*ʾiššāh*": "each woman/each one" } }
1 { "verseID": "Ruth.3.1", "source": "וַתֹּ֥אמֶר לָ֖הּ נָעֳמִ֣י חֲמוֹתָ֑הּ בִּתִּ֞י הֲלֹ֧א אֲבַקֶּשׁ־לָ֛ךְ מָנ֖וֹחַ אֲשֶׁ֥ר יִֽיטַב־לָֽךְ׃", "text": "*Wə-tōʾmer* to-her *Nāʿŏmî* mother-in-law-her, daughter-my, *hălōʾ* *ʾăbaqeš*-for-you *mānôaḥ* which *yîṭab*-for-you.", "grammar": { "*Wə-tōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she said", "*Nāʿŏmî*": "proper noun, feminine singular - Naomi", "*hălōʾ*": "interrogative particle - is it not/surely", "*ʾăbaqeš*": "Piel imperfect, 1st singular - I will seek", "*mānôaḥ*": "masculine singular noun - rest/resting place/security", "*yîṭab*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - it will be good/well" }, "variants": { "*mānôaḥ*": "rest/security/home/settlement", "*yîṭab*": "be good/be well/be pleasing/prosper" } }
19 { "verseID": "Ruth.2.19", "source": "וַתֹּאמֶר֩ לָ֨הּ חֲמוֹתָ֜הּ אֵיפֹ֨ה לִקַּ֤טְתְּ הַיּוֹם֙ וְאָ֣נָה עָשִׂ֔ית יְהִ֥י מַכִּירֵ֖ךְ בָּר֑וּךְ וַתַּגֵּ֣ד לַחֲמוֹתָ֗הּ אֵ֤ת אֲשֶׁר־עָשְׂתָה֙ עִמּ֔וֹ וַתֹּ֗אמֶר שֵׁ֤ם הָאִישׁ֙ אֲשֶׁ֨ר עָשִׂ֧יתִי עִמּ֛וֹ הַיּ֖וֹם בֹּֽעַז׃", "text": "And-*tōʾmer* to-her *ḥămôtāh*, \"*ʾÊpōh* *liqqaṭt* the-*yôm* and-*ʾānâ* *ʿāśît*? *Yĕhî* *makkîrēk* *bārûk*.\" And-*taggēd* to-*ḥămôtāh* *ʾēt* what-*ʿāśĕtâ* with-him, and-*tōʾmer*, \"*šēm* the-*ʾîš* who *ʿāśîtî* with-him the-*yôm* *Bōʿaz*.\"", "grammar": { "וַתֹּאמֶר֩": "conjunction wə- + imperfect 3rd feminine singular, waw-consecutive - 'and she said'", "לָ֨הּ": "preposition lə- + 3rd feminine singular suffix - 'to her'", "*ḥămôtāh*": "noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - 'her mother-in-law'", "*ʾÊpōh*": "interrogative adverb - 'where'", "*liqqaṭt*": "Piel perfect 2nd feminine singular - 'you gleaned'", "הַיּוֹם֙": "definite article + noun - 'today/the day'", "וְאָ֣נָה": "conjunction wə- + interrogative adverb - 'and where'", "*ʿāśît*": "perfect 2nd feminine singular - 'you worked'", "*Yĕhî*": "imperfect 3rd masculine singular jussive - 'may he be'", "*makkîrēk*": "Hiphil participle with 2nd feminine singular suffix - 'the one who noticed you'", "*bārûk*": "Qal passive participle - 'blessed'", "וַתַּגֵּ֣ד": "conjunction wə- + imperfect 3rd feminine singular, waw-consecutive - 'and she told'", "לַחֲמוֹתָ֗הּ": "preposition lə- + noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - 'to her mother-in-law'", "אֵ֤ת": "direct object marker", "אֲשֶׁר־עָשְׂתָה֙": "relative particle + perfect 3rd feminine singular - 'what she had done'", "עִמּ֔וֹ": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'with him'", "וַתֹּ֗אמֶר": "conjunction wə- + imperfect 3rd feminine singular, waw-consecutive - 'and she said'", "*šēm*": "noun construct - 'name of'", "הָאִישׁ֙": "definite article + noun - 'the man'", "אֲשֶׁ֨ר": "relative particle - 'whom/who'", "*ʿāśîtî*": "perfect 1st singular - 'I worked'", "עִמּ֛וֹ": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'with him'", "הַיּ֖וֹם": "definite article + noun - 'today/the day'", "*Bōʿaz*": "proper noun - 'Boaz'" }, "variants": { "*ʾÊpōh*": "where/in what place", "*ʾānâ*": "where/to what place", "*makkîrēk*": "the one who noticed you/your benefactor/who took notice of you" } }
20 { "verseID": "Ruth.2.20", "source": "וַתֹּ֨אמֶר נָעֳמִ֜י לְכַלָּתָ֗הּ בָּר֥וּךְ הוּא֙ לַיהוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר֙ לֹא־עָזַ֣ב חַסְדּ֔וֹ אֶת־הַחַיִּ֖ים וְאֶת־הַמֵּתִ֑ים וַתֹּ֧אמֶר לָ֣הּ נָעֳמִ֗י קָר֥וֹב לָ֙נוּ֙ הָאִ֔ישׁ מִֽגֹּאֲלֵ֖נוּ הֽוּא׃", "text": "And-*tōʾmer* *Nā'ŏmî* to-*kallātāh*, \"*Bārûk* *hûʾ* to-*YHWH*, who not-*ʿāzab* *ḥasdô* *ʾet*-the-*ḥayyîm* and-*ʾet*-the-*mētîm*.\" And-*tōʾmer* to-her *Nā'ŏmî*, \"*Qārôb* to-us the-*ʾîš*, from-*gōʾălēnû* *hûʾ*.\"", "grammar": { "וַתֹּ֨אמֶר": "conjunction wə- + imperfect 3rd feminine singular, waw-consecutive - 'and she said'", "*Nā'ŏmî*": "proper noun - 'Naomi'", "לְכַלָּתָ֗הּ": "preposition lə- + noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - 'to her daughter-in-law'", "*Bārûk*": "Qal passive participle - 'blessed'", "*hûʾ*": "3rd masculine singular pronoun - 'he'", "לַיהוָ֔ה": "preposition lə- + divine name - 'to/by the LORD'", "אֲשֶׁר֙": "relative particle - 'who'", "לֹא־עָזַ֣ב": "negative particle + perfect 3rd masculine singular - 'has not forsaken'", "*ḥasdô*": "noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'his kindness/lovingkindness'", "אֶת־הַחַיִּ֖ים": "direct object marker + definite article + masculine plural adjective - 'the living'", "וְאֶת־הַמֵּתִ֑ים": "conjunction wə- + direct object marker + definite article + masculine plural adjective - 'and the dead'", "וַתֹּ֧אמֶר": "conjunction wə- + imperfect 3rd feminine singular, waw-consecutive - 'and she said'", "לָ֣הּ": "preposition lə- + 3rd feminine singular suffix - 'to her'", "*Nā'ŏmî*": "proper noun - 'Naomi'", "*Qārôb*": "adjective - 'near/close'", "לָ֙נוּ֙": "preposition lə- + 1st plural suffix - 'to us'", "הָאִ֔ישׁ": "definite article + noun - 'the man'", "מִֽגֹּאֲלֵ֖נוּ": "preposition min + noun plural construct with 1st plural suffix - 'from our redeemers'", "*hûʾ*": "3rd masculine singular pronoun - 'he'" }, "variants": { "*ʿāzab*": "forsaken/abandoned/left", "*ḥasdô*": "his kindness/his lovingkindness/his steadfast love/his mercy", "*gōʾălēnû*": "our redeemer/our kinsman-redeemer/our close relative with right to redeem" } }
21 { "verseID": "Ruth.2.21", "source": "וַתֹּ֖אמֶר ר֣וּת הַמּוֹאֲבִיָּ֑ה גַּ֣ם ׀ כִּי־אָמַ֣ר אֵלַ֗י עִם־הַנְּעָרִ֤ים אֲשֶׁר־לִי֙ תִּדְבָּקִ֔ין עַ֣ד אִם־כִּלּ֔וּ אֵ֥ת כָּל־הַקָּצִ֖יר אֲשֶׁר־לִֽי׃", "text": "And-*tōʾmer* *Rût* the-*môʾăbiyyâ*, \"Also because-*ʾāmar* to-me, 'With-the-*nĕʿārîm* which-to-me *tidbāqîn* until if-*killû* *ʾēt* all-the-*qāṣîr* which-to-me.'\"", "grammar": { "וַתֹּ֖אמֶר": "conjunction wə- + imperfect 3rd feminine singular, waw-consecutive - 'and she said'", "*Rût*": "proper noun - 'Ruth'", "הַמּוֹאֲבִיָּ֑ה": "definite article + feminine singular adjective - 'the Moabite'", "גַּ֣ם": "adverb - 'also/moreover'", "כִּי־אָמַ֣ר": "conjunction + perfect 3rd masculine singular - 'because he said'", "אֵלַ֗י": "preposition + 1st singular suffix - 'to me'", "עִם־הַנְּעָרִ֤ים": "preposition + definite article + masculine plural noun - 'with the young men'", "אֲשֶׁר־לִי֙": "relative particle + preposition with 1st singular suffix - 'who are mine/who belong to me'", "*tidbāqîn*": "imperfect 2nd feminine singular - 'you shall stay close'", "עַ֣ד": "preposition - 'until'", "אִם־כִּלּ֔וּ": "conditional particle + perfect 3rd common plural - 'they have finished'", "אֵ֥ת": "direct object marker", "כָּל־הַקָּצִ֖יר": "noun construct + definite article + noun - 'all the harvest'", "אֲשֶׁר־לִֽי": "relative particle + preposition with 1st singular suffix - 'which is mine'" }, "variants": { "*tidbāqîn*": "stay close/cling/keep close to/follow", "*killû*": "finish/complete/end", "*qāṣîr*": "harvest/reaping" } }
22 { "verseID": "Ruth.2.22", "source": "וַתֹּ֥אמֶר נָעֳמִ֖י אֶל־ר֣וּת כַּלָּתָ֑הּ ט֣וֹב בִּתִּ֗י כִּ֤י תֵֽצְאִי֙ עִם־נַ֣עֲרוֹתָ֔יו וְלֹ֥א יִפְגְּעוּ־בָ֖ךְ בְּשָׂדֶ֥ה אַחֵֽר׃", "text": "And-*tōʾmer* *Nā'ŏmî* to-*Rût* *kallātāh*, \"*Ṭôb* *bittî* that *tēṣĕʾî* with-*naʿărôtāyw* and-not *yipgĕʿû*-against-you in-*śādeh* *ʾaḥēr*.\"", "grammar": { "וַתֹּ֥אמֶר": "conjunction wə- + imperfect 3rd feminine singular, waw-consecutive - 'and she said'", "*Nā'ŏmî*": "proper noun - 'Naomi'", "אֶל־ר֣וּת": "preposition + proper noun - 'to Ruth'", "*kallātāh*": "noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - 'her daughter-in-law'", "*Ṭôb*": "adjective - 'good'", "*bittî*": "noun with 1st singular suffix - 'my daughter'", "כִּ֤י": "conjunction - 'that/because'", "*tēṣĕʾî*": "imperfect 2nd feminine singular - 'you go out'", "עִם־נַ֣עֲרוֹתָ֔יו": "preposition + feminine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'with his young women'", "וְלֹ֥א": "conjunction wə- + negative particle - 'and not'", "*yipgĕʿû*-בָ֖ךְ": "imperfect 3rd masculine plural + preposition + 2nd feminine singular suffix - 'they meet/encounter you'", "בְּשָׂדֶ֥ה": "preposition bə- + noun - 'in field'", "*ʾaḥēr*": "adjective - 'another'" }, "variants": { "*tēṣĕʾî*": "go out/come out/depart", "*yipgĕʿû*": "meet/encounter/fall upon/harm/molest" } }
23 { "verseID": "Ruth.2.23", "source": "וַתִּדְבַּ֞ק בְּנַעֲר֥וֹת בֹּ֙עַז֙ לְלַקֵּ֔ט עַד־כְּל֥וֹת קְצִֽיר־הַשְּׂעֹרִ֖ים וּקְצִ֣יר הַֽחִטִּ֑ים וַתֵּ֖שֶׁב אֶת־חֲמוֹתָֽהּ׃", "text": "And-*tidbaq* with-*naʿărôt* *Bōʿaz* to-*laqqēṭ* until-*kĕlôt* *qĕṣîr*-the-*śĕʿōrîm* and-*qĕṣîr* the-*ḥiṭṭîm*. And-*tēšeb* *ʾet*-*ḥămôtāh*.", "grammar": { "וַתִּדְבַּ֞ק": "conjunction wə- + imperfect 3rd feminine singular, waw-consecutive - 'and she stayed close'", "בְּנַעֲר֥וֹת": "preposition bə- + feminine plural noun construct - 'with the young women of'", "*Bōʿaz*": "proper noun - 'Boaz'", "לְלַקֵּ֔ט": "preposition lə- + Piel infinitive construct - 'to glean'", "עַד־כְּל֥וֹת": "preposition + construct infinitive - 'until completion of'", "*qĕṣîr*-הַשְּׂעֹרִ֖ים": "noun construct + definite article + masculine plural noun - 'harvest of the barley'", "וּקְצִ֣יר": "conjunction wə- + noun construct - 'and harvest of'", "הַֽחִטִּ֑ים": "definite article + masculine plural noun - 'the wheat'", "וַתֵּ֖שֶׁב": "conjunction wə- + imperfect 3rd feminine singular, waw-consecutive - 'and she dwelt/lived'", "אֶת־חֲמוֹתָֽהּ": "direct object marker + noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - 'with her mother-in-law'" }, "variants": { "*tidbaq*": "stayed close/clung/kept company with/followed", "*kĕlôt*": "completion/ending/finishing", "*śĕʿōrîm*": "barley", "*ḥiṭṭîm*": "wheat", "*tēšeb*": "dwelt/lived/remained/stayed" } }
4 { "verseID": "Ruth.2.4", "source": "וְהִנֵּה־בֹ֗עַז בָּ֚א מִבֵּ֣ית לֶ֔חֶם וַיֹּ֥אמֶר לַקּוֹצְרִ֖ים יְהוָ֣ה עִמָּכֶ֑ם וַיֹּ֥אמְרוּ ל֖וֹ יְבָרֶכְךָ֥ יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "And-*hinnēh*-*Bōʿaz* *bāʾ* from-*bêt* *leḥem* and-*yōʾmer* to-the-*qôṣĕrîm*, \"*YHWH* with-you.\" And-*yōʾmĕrû* to-him, \"*yĕbārekĕkā* *YHWH*.\"", "grammar": { "וְהִנֵּה": "conjunction wə- + demonstrative particle - 'and behold'", "*Bōʿaz*": "proper noun - 'Boaz'", "*bāʾ*": "masculine singular participle - 'coming'", "מִבֵּ֣ית לֶ֔חֶם": "preposition min + noun construct + noun - 'from Bethlehem'", "וַיֹּ֥אמֶר": "conjunction wə- + imperfect 3rd masculine singular, waw-consecutive - 'and he said'", "לַקּוֹצְרִ֖ים": "preposition lə- + definite article + masculine plural participle - 'to the reapers'", "*YHWH*": "divine name - 'LORD'", "עִמָּכֶ֑ם": "preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix - 'with you'", "וַיֹּ֥אמְרוּ": "conjunction wə- + imperfect 3rd masculine plural, waw-consecutive - 'and they said'", "ל֖וֹ": "preposition lə- + 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'to him'", "*yĕbārekĕkā*": "imperfect 3rd masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - 'may he bless you'" }, "variants": { "*hinnēh*": "behold/look/see", "*bāʾ*": "coming/entering/arriving" } }
5 { "verseID": "Ruth.2.5", "source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר בֹּ֙עַז֙ לְנַעֲר֔וֹ הַנִּצָּ֖ב עַל־הַקּֽוֹצְרִ֑ים לְמִ֖י הַנַּעֲרָ֥ה הַזֹּֽאת׃", "text": "And-*yōʾmer* *Bōʿaz* to-*naʿărô* the-*niṣṣāb* over-the-*qôṣĕrîm*, \"To-*mî* the-*naʿărâ* the-*zōʾt*?\"", "grammar": { "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר": "conjunction wə- + imperfect 3rd masculine singular, waw-consecutive - 'and he said'", "*Bōʿaz*": "proper noun - 'Boaz'", "לְנַעֲר֔וֹ": "preposition lə- + noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'to his young man/servant'", "הַנִּצָּ֖ב": "definite article + Niphal participle masculine singular - 'the one standing/set over'", "עַל־הַקּֽוֹצְרִ֑ים": "preposition + definite article + masculine plural participle - 'over the reapers'", "לְמִ֖י": "preposition lə- + interrogative pronoun - 'to whom/whose'", "הַנַּעֲרָ֥ה": "definite article + feminine singular noun - 'the young woman'", "הַזֹּֽאת": "definite article + feminine singular demonstrative - 'this'" }, "variants": { "*naʿărô*": "his young man/his servant/his attendant", "*niṣṣāb*": "stationed/standing/appointed/set over", "*naʿărâ*": "young woman/maiden/girl" } }
6 { "verseID": "Ruth.2.6", "source": "וַיַּ֗עַן הַנַּ֛עַר הַנִּצָּ֥ב עַל־הַקּוֹצְרִ֖ים וַיֹּאמַ֑ר נַעֲרָ֤ה מֽוֹאֲבִיָּה֙ הִ֔יא הַשָּׁ֥בָה עִֽם־נָעֳמִ֖י מִשְּׂדֵ֥ה מוֹאָֽב׃", "text": "And-*yaʿan* the-*naʿar* the-*niṣṣāb* over-the-*qôṣĕrîm* and-*yōʾmar*, \"*Naʿărâ* *môʾăbiyyâ* *hîʾ*, the-*šābâ* with-*Nā'ŏmî* from-*śĕdēh* *môʾāb*.\"", "grammar": { "וַיַּ֗עַן": "conjunction wə- + imperfect 3rd masculine singular, waw-consecutive - 'and he answered'", "הַנַּ֛עַר": "definite article + masculine singular noun - 'the young man/servant'", "הַנִּצָּ֥ב": "definite article + Niphal participle masculine singular - 'the one standing/set over'", "עַל־הַקּוֹצְרִ֖ים": "preposition + definite article + masculine plural participle - 'over the reapers'", "וַיֹּאמַ֑ר": "conjunction wə- + imperfect 3rd masculine singular, waw-consecutive - 'and he said'", "*Naʿărâ*": "feminine singular noun - 'young woman'", "*môʾăbiyyâ*": "feminine singular adjective - 'Moabite'", "*hîʾ*": "3rd feminine singular pronoun - 'she'", "הַשָּׁ֥בָה": "definite article + Qal feminine singular participle - 'the one who returned'", "עִֽם־נָעֳמִ֖י": "preposition + proper noun - 'with Naomi'", "מִשְּׂדֵ֥ה": "preposition min + noun construct - 'from the field/country of'", "*môʾāb*": "proper noun - 'Moab'" }, "variants": { "*yaʿan*": "answered/responded/replied", "*šābâ*": "returned/came back/turned back" } }
7 { "verseID": "Ruth.2.7", "source": "וַתֹּ֗אמֶר אֲלַקֳטָה־נָּא֙ וְאָסַפְתִּ֣י בָֽעֳמָרִ֔ים אַחֲרֵ֖י הַקּוֹצְרִ֑ים וַתָּב֣וֹא וַֽתַּעֲמ֗וֹד מֵאָ֤ז הַבֹּ֙קֶר֙ וְעַד־עַ֔תָּה זֶ֛ה שִׁבְתָּ֥הּ הַבַּ֖יִת מְעָֽט׃", "text": "And-*tōʾmer*, \"*ʾălaqŏṭâ*-*nāʾ* and-*ʾāsaptî* in-the-*ʿŏmārîm* after the-*qôṣĕrîm*.\" And-*tābôʾ* and-*taʿămôd* from-*ʾāz* the-*bōqer* and-until-*ʿattâ*. *Zeh* *šibtâh* the-*bayit* *mĕʿāṭ*.", "grammar": { "וַתֹּ֗אמֶר": "conjunction wə- + imperfect 3rd feminine singular, waw-consecutive - 'and she said'", "*ʾălaqŏṭâ*-*nāʾ*": "imperfect 1st singular cohortative + particle of entreaty - 'let me glean, please'", "וְאָסַפְתִּ֣י": "conjunction wə- + perfect 1st singular - 'and I will gather'", "בָֽעֳמָרִ֔ים": "preposition bə- + definite article + masculine plural noun - 'among the sheaves'", "אַחֲרֵ֖י": "preposition - 'after/behind'", "הַקּוֹצְרִ֑ים": "definite article + masculine plural participle - 'the reapers'", "וַתָּב֣וֹא": "conjunction wə- + imperfect 3rd feminine singular, waw-consecutive - 'and she came'", "וַֽתַּעֲמ֗וֹד": "conjunction wə- + imperfect 3rd feminine singular, waw-consecutive - 'and she stood/remained'", "מֵאָ֤ז": "preposition min + adverb - 'from then'", "הַבֹּ֙קֶר֙": "definite article + noun - 'the morning'", "וְעַד־עַ֔תָּה": "conjunction wə- + preposition + adverb - 'and until now'", "*Zeh*": "demonstrative - 'this'", "*šibtâh*": "infinitive construct with 3rd feminine singular suffix - 'her sitting/dwelling'", "הַבַּ֖יִת": "definite article + noun - 'the house'", "*mĕʿāṭ*": "adjective/adverb - 'little/few/a little'" }, "variants": { "*ʿŏmārîm*": "sheaves/bundles", "*ʿămôd*": "stood/remained/continued", "*šibtâh*": "her sitting/her dwelling/her staying", "*mĕʿāṭ*": "little/few/briefly" } }
8 { "verseID": "Ruth.2.8", "source": "וַיֹּאמֶר֩ בֹּ֨עַז אֶל־ר֜וּת הֲל֧וֹא שָׁמַ֣עַתְּ בִּתִּ֗י אַל־תֵּלְכִי֙ לִלְקֹט֙ בְּשָׂדֶ֣ה אַחֵ֔ר וְגַ֛ם לֹ֥א תַעֲבוּרִ֖י מִזֶּ֑ה וְכֹ֥ה תִדְבָּקִ֖ין עִם־נַעֲרֹתָֽי׃", "text": "And-*yōʾmer* *Bōʿaz* to-*Rût*, \"*Hălôʾ* *šāmaʿat* *bittî*, not-*tēlĕkî* to-glean in-*śādeh* *ʾaḥēr*, and-also not *taʿăbûrî* from-*zeh*, and-thus *tidbāqîn* with-*naʿărôtay*.", "grammar": { "וַיֹּאמֶר֩": "conjunction wə- + imperfect 3rd masculine singular, waw-consecutive - 'and he said'", "*Bōʿaz*": "proper noun - 'Boaz'", "אֶל־ר֜וּת": "preposition + proper noun - 'to Ruth'", "*Hălôʾ*": "interrogative particle - 'have not'", "*šāmaʿat*": "perfect 2nd feminine singular - 'you have heard'", "*bittî*": "noun with 1st singular suffix - 'my daughter'", "אַל־תֵּלְכִי֙": "negative particle + imperfect 2nd feminine singular - 'do not go'", "לִלְקֹט֙": "preposition lə- + Qal infinitive construct - 'to glean'", "בְּשָׂדֶ֣ה": "preposition bə- + noun - 'in field'", "*ʾaḥēr*": "adjective - 'another'", "וְגַ֛ם": "conjunction wə- + adverb - 'and also'", "לֹ֥א": "negative particle - 'not'", "*taʿăbûrî*": "imperfect 2nd feminine singular - 'you shall cross/pass over'", "מִזֶּ֑ה": "preposition min + demonstrative - 'from this/from here'", "וְכֹ֥ה": "conjunction wə- + adverb - 'and thus/so'", "*tidbāqîn*": "imperfect 2nd feminine singular - 'you shall stay close/cling'", "עִם־נַעֲרֹתָֽי": "preposition + noun plural construct with 1st singular suffix - 'with my young women'" }, "variants": { "*šāmaʿat*": "heard/listened/understood", "*taʿăbûrî*": "pass over/cross/leave", "*tidbāqîn*": "stay close/cling/adhere to/follow closely" } }
14 { "verseID": "Ruth.4.14", "source": "וַתֹּאמַ֤רְנָה הַנָּשִׁים֙ אֶֽל־נָעֳמִ֔י בָּר֣וּךְ יְהוָ֔ה אֲ֠שֶׁר לֹ֣א הִשְׁבִּ֥ית לָ֛ךְ גֹּאֵ֖ל הַיּ֑וֹם וְיִקָּרֵ֥א שְׁמ֖וֹ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "*wa-tōʾmarnâ* the-*nāšîm* to-*Noʿŏmî* *bārûk* *YHWH* who not *hišbît* to-you *gōʾēl* the-*yôm* *wə-yiqqārēʾ* *šəmô* in-*Yiśrāʾēl*", "grammar": { "*wa-tōʾmarnâ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine plural - and they said", "*nāšîm*": "noun, feminine plural with definite article - the women", "*Noʿŏmî*": "proper noun with preposition - to Naomi", "*bārûk*": "Qal passive participle, masculine singular - blessed", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/the LORD", "*hišbît*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he caused to cease", "*gōʾēl*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - a kinsman-redeemer", "*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the day", "*wə-yiqqārēʾ*": "conjunction + Niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular jussive - and may be called", "*šəmô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his name", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun with preposition - in Israel" }, "variants": { "*bārûk*": "blessed/praised", "*hišbît*": "caused to cease/left without/removed", "*gōʾēl*": "kinsman-redeemer/family guardian/protector", "*yiqqārēʾ* *šəmô*": "may his name be called/may he become known" } }
15 { "verseID": "Ruth.4.15", "source": "וְהָ֤יָה לָךְ֙ לְמֵשִׁ֣יב נֶ֔פֶשׁ וּלְכַלְכֵּ֖ל אֶת־שֵׂיבָתֵ֑ךְ כִּ֣י כַלָּתֵ֤ךְ אֲֽשֶׁר־אֲהֵבַ֙תֶךְ֙ יְלָדַ֔תּוּ אֲשֶׁר־הִיא֙ ט֣וֹבָה לָ֔ךְ מִשִּׁבְעָ֖ה בָּנִֽים׃", "text": "*wə-hāyâ* to-you for-*mēšîb* *nepeš* and-for-*kalkel* *ʾet*-*śêbātēk* because *kallātek* who-*ʾăhēbāttek* *yəlādattû* who-she *ṭôbâ* to-you from-seven *bānîm*", "grammar": { "*wə-hāyâ*": "conjunction + Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he will be", "*mēšîb*": "Hiphil participle, masculine singular with preposition - restorer of", "*nepeš*": "noun, feminine singular - life", "*kalkel*": "Pilpel infinitive construct with preposition - to sustain", "*śêbātēk*": "noun, feminine singular + 2nd feminine singular suffix with direct object marker - your old age", "*kallātek*": "noun, feminine singular + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your daughter-in-law", "*ʾăhēbāttek*": "Qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular + 2nd feminine singular suffix - she loves you", "*yəlādattû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - she has borne him", "*ṭôbâ*": "adjective, feminine singular - good", "*bānîm*": "noun, masculine plural - sons" }, "variants": { "*mēšîb* *nepeš*": "restorer of life/refresher of soul/renewer of spirit", "*kalkel*": "to sustain/to support/to nourish", "*śêbātēk*": "your old age/your gray hairs", "*ṭôbâ*": "good/better/more valuable" } }
16 { "verseID": "Ruth.3.16", "source": "וַתָּבוֹא֙ אֶל־חֲמוֹתָ֔הּ וַתֹּ֖אמֶר מִי־אַ֣תְּ בִּתִּ֑י וַתַּ֨גֶּד־לָ֔[t]הּ אֵ֛ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָֽשָׂה־לָ֖הּ הָאִֽישׁ׃", "text": "*Wa-tābôʾ ʾel-ḥămôtāh wa-tōʾmer mî-ʾat bittî wa-tagged-lāh ʾēt kāl-ʾăšer ʿāśâ-lāh hā-ʾîš*.", "grammar": { "*Wa-tābôʾ*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she came", "*ʾel-ḥămôtāh*": "preposition + feminine singular noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - to her mother-in-law", "*wa-tōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she said", "*mî-ʾat*": "interrogative pronoun + 2nd feminine singular independent pronoun - who are you", "*bittî*": "feminine singular noun + 1st singular suffix - my daughter", "*wa-tagged-lāh*": "waw consecutive + Hiphil imperfect, 3rd feminine singular + preposition + 3rd feminine singular suffix - and she told her", "*ʾēt kāl-ʾăšer*": "direct object marker + noun masculine singular construct + relative particle - all that", "*ʿāśâ-lāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular + preposition + 3rd feminine singular suffix - he did for her", "*hā-ʾîš*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the man" }, "variants": { "*mî-ʾat*": "who are you/how did you fare (idiomatic)" } }
17 { "verseID": "Ruth.3.17", "source": "וַתֹּ֕אמֶר שֵׁשׁ־הַשְּׂעֹרִ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה נָ֣תַן לִ֑י כִּ֚י אָמַ֣ר **אֵלַ֔י אַל־תָּב֥וֹאִי רֵיקָ֖ם אֶל־חֲמוֹתֵֽךְ׃", "text": "*Wa-tōʾmer šēš-ha-śəʿōrîm hā-ʾēlleh nātan lî kî ʾāmar ʾēlay ʾal-tābôʾî rêqām ʾel-ḥămôtēk*.", "grammar": { "*Wa-tōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she said", "*šēš-ha-śəʿōrîm*": "numeral feminine + definite article + feminine plural noun - six (measures of) barley", "*hā-ʾēlleh*": "definite article + demonstrative adjective, common plural - these", "*nātan*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he gave", "*lî*": "preposition + 1st singular suffix - to me", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ʾāmar*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he said", "*ʾēlay*": "preposition + 1st singular suffix - to me", "*ʾal-tābôʾî*": "negative particle + Qal imperfect, 2nd feminine singular jussive - do not go", "*rêqām*": "adverb - empty", "*ʾel-ḥămôtēk*": "preposition + feminine singular noun + 2nd feminine singular suffix - to your mother-in-law" }, "variants": { "*šēš-ha-śəʿōrîm*": "six (measures of) barley (exact quantity uncertain)", "*rêqām*": "empty/empty-handed/without a gift" } }
1 { "verseID": "Ruth.2.1", "source": "וּֽלְנָעֳמִ֞י מידע מוֹדַ֣ע לְאִישָׁ֗הּ אִ֚ישׁ גִּבּ֣וֹר חַ֔יִל מִמִּשְׁפַּ֖חַת אֱלִימֶ֑לֶךְ וּשְׁמ֖וֹ בֹּֽעַז׃", "text": "And to-*Nā'ŏmî* *môdaʿ* to-*ʾîš*-her, *ʾîš* *gibbôr* *ḥayil* from-*mišpaḥat* *ʾĕlîmelek*, and-*šēm*-his *Bōʿaz*.", "grammar": { "וּֽלְנָעֳמִ֞י": "conjunction wə- + preposition lə- + proper noun, dative - 'and to Naomi'", "*môdaʿ*": "masculine singular noun - 'kinsman/relative/acquaintance'", "לְאִישָׁ֗הּ": "preposition lə- + noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - 'to her husband'", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - 'man'", "*gibbôr*": "masculine singular adjective - 'mighty/strong'", "*ḥayil*": "masculine singular noun - 'strength/wealth/ability'", "מִמִּשְׁפַּ֖חַת": "preposition min + noun construct - 'from family of'", "*ʾĕlîmelek*": "proper noun - 'Elimelech'", "וּשְׁמ֖וֹ": "conjunction wə- + noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'and his name'", "*Bōʿaz*": "proper noun - 'Boaz'" }, "variants": { "*môdaʿ*": "kinsman/relative/acquaintance/friend/known one", "*gibbôr*": "mighty/strong/powerful/valiant", "*ḥayil*": "strength/wealth/ability/valor/army" } }
2 { "verseID": "Ruth.2.2", "source": "וַתֹּאמֶר֩ ר֨וּת הַמּוֹאֲבִיָּ֜ה אֶֽל־נָעֳמִ֗י אֵֽלְכָה־נָּ֤א הַשָּׂדֶה֙ וַאֲלַקֳטָּ֣ה בַשִׁבֳּלִ֔ים אַחַ֕ר אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֶמְצָא־חֵ֖ן בְּעֵינָ֑יו וַתֹּ֥אמֶר לָ֖הּ לְכִ֥י בִתִּֽי׃", "text": "And-*tōʾmer* *Rût* the-*môʾăbiyyâ* to-*Nā'ŏmî*, \"*ʾēlĕkâ*-*nāʾ* the-*śādeh* and-*ʾălaqŏṭâ* in-the-*šibbŏlîm* after which *ʾemṣāʾ*-*ḥēn* in-*ʿênāyw*.\" And-*tōʾmer* to-her, \"*lĕkî* *bittî*\".", "grammar": { "וַתֹּאמֶר֩": "conjunction wə- + imperfect 3rd feminine singular, waw-consecutive - 'and she said'", "*Rût*": "proper noun - 'Ruth'", "הַמּוֹאֲבִיָּ֜ה": "definite article + feminine singular adjective - 'the Moabite'", "אֶֽל־נָעֳמִ֗י": "preposition + proper noun - 'to Naomi'", "*ʾēlĕkâ*-*nāʾ*": "imperfect 1st singular + particle of entreaty - 'let me go, please'", "הַשָּׂדֶה֙": "definite article + noun - 'the field'", "וַאֲלַקֳטָּ֣ה": "conjunction wə- + imperfect 1st singular cohortative - 'and let me glean'", "בַשִׁבֳּלִ֔ים": "preposition bə- + definite article + plural noun - 'among the ears of grain'", "אַחַ֕ר": "preposition - 'after/behind'", "אֲשֶׁ֥ר": "relative particle - 'who/whom/which'", "*ʾemṣāʾ*-*ḥēn*": "imperfect 1st singular + noun - 'I will find favor'", "בְּעֵינָ֑יו": "preposition bə- + dual noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'in his eyes'", "לָ֖הּ": "preposition lə- + 3rd feminine singular suffix - 'to her'", "*lĕkî*": "imperative feminine singular - 'go'", "*bittî*": "noun with 1st singular suffix - 'my daughter'" }, "variants": { "*ʾēlĕkâ*": "I will go/let me go", "*ʾălaqŏṭâ*": "I will glean/let me glean", "*šibbŏlîm*": "ears of grain/sheaves", "*ḥēn*": "favor/grace" } }
11 { "verseID": "Ruth.2.11", "source": "וַיַּ֤עַן בֹּ֙עַז֙ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לָ֔הּ הֻגֵּ֨ד הֻגַּ֜ד לִ֗י כֹּ֤ל אֲשֶׁר־עָשִׂית֙ אֶת־חֲמוֹתֵ֔ךְ אַחֲרֵ֖י מ֣וֹת אִישֵׁ֑ךְ וַתַּֽעַזְבִ֞י אָּבִ֣יךְ וְאִמֵּ֗ךְ וְאֶ֙רֶץ֙ מֽוֹלַדְתֵּ֔ךְ וַתֵּ֣לְכִ֔י אֶל־עַ֕ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־יָדַ֖עַתְּ תְּמ֥וֹל שִׁלְשֽׁוֹם׃", "text": "And-*yaʿan* *Bōʿaz* and-*yōʾmer* to-her, \"*Huggēd* *huggad* to-me all that-*ʿāśît* *ʾet*-*ḥămôtēk* after *môt* *ʾîšēk*. And-*taʿazbî* *ʾābîk* and-*ʾimmēk* and-*ʾereṣ* *môladtēk*, and-*tēlĕkî* to-*ʿam* which not-*yādaʿat* *tĕmôl* *šilšôm*.\"", "grammar": { "וַיַּ֤עַן": "conjunction wə- + imperfect 3rd masculine singular, waw-consecutive - 'and he answered'", "*Bōʿaz*": "proper noun - 'Boaz'", "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר": "conjunction wə- + imperfect 3rd masculine singular, waw-consecutive - 'and he said'", "לָ֔הּ": "preposition lə- + 3rd feminine singular suffix - 'to her'", "*Huggēd* *huggad*": "Hophal infinitive absolute + Hophal perfect 3rd masculine singular - 'surely told/certainly reported'", "לִ֗י": "preposition lə- + 1st singular suffix - 'to me'", "כֹּ֤ל": "noun - 'all'", "אֲשֶׁר־עָשִׂית֙": "relative particle + perfect 2nd feminine singular - 'that you did'", "אֶת־חֲמוֹתֵ֔ךְ": "direct object marker + noun with 2nd feminine singular suffix - 'with your mother-in-law'", "אַחֲרֵ֖י": "preposition - 'after'", "*môt*": "construct state of noun - 'death of'", "*ʾîšēk*": "noun with 2nd feminine singular suffix - 'your husband'", "וַתַּֽעַזְבִ֞י": "conjunction wə- + imperfect 2nd feminine singular, waw-consecutive - 'and you left'", "*ʾābîk*": "noun with 2nd feminine singular suffix - 'your father'", "וְאִמֵּ֗ךְ": "conjunction wə- + noun with 2nd feminine singular suffix - 'and your mother'", "וְאֶ֙רֶץ֙": "conjunction wə- + noun construct - 'and land of'", "*môladtēk*": "noun with 2nd feminine singular suffix - 'your birth/native land'", "וַתֵּ֣לְכִ֔י": "conjunction wə- + imperfect 2nd feminine singular, waw-consecutive - 'and you went'", "אֶל־עַ֕ם": "preposition + noun - 'to a people'", "אֲשֶׁ֥ר": "relative particle - 'whom/which'", "לֹא־יָדַ֖עַתְּ": "negative particle + perfect 2nd feminine singular - 'you did not know'", "*tĕmôl* *šilšôm*": "adverbial expression - 'yesterday or day before/previously'" }, "variants": { "*Huggēd* *huggad*": "fully reported/certainly told/thoroughly informed", "*taʿazbî*": "left/forsook/abandoned", "*môladtēk*": "your birthplace/your native land/your kindred", "*tĕmôl* *šilšôm*": "before/previously/in the past" } }
11 { "verseID": "Ruth.4.11", "source": "וַיֹּ֨אמְר֜וּ כָּל־הָעָ֧ם אֲשֶׁר־בַּשַּׁ֛עַר וְהַזְּקֵנִ֖ים עֵדִ֑ים יִתֵּן֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֶֽת־הָאִשָּׁ֜ה הַבָּאָ֣ה אֶל־בֵּיתֶ֗ךָ כְּרָחֵ֤ל ׀ וּכְלֵאָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֨ר בָּנ֤וּ שְׁתֵּיהֶם֙ אֶת־בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַעֲשֵׂה־חַ֣יִל בְּאֶפְרָ֔תָה וּקְרָא־שֵׁ֖ם בְּבֵ֥ית לָֽחֶם׃", "text": "*wa-yōʾmərû* all-the-*ʿām* who-in-the-*šaʿar* and-the-*zəqēnîm* *ʿēdîm* *yittēn* *YHWH* *ʾet*-the-*ʾiššâ* the-*bāʾâ* to-*bêtekā* like-*Rāḥēl* and-like-*Lēʾâ* who *bānû* both-of-them *ʾet*-*bêt* *Yiśrāʾēl* *wa-ʿăśēh*-*ḥayil* in-*ʾEprātâ* *ûqərā*-*šēm* in-*Bêt* *Lāḥem*", "grammar": { "*wa-yōʾmərû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they said", "*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the people", "*šaʿar*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article with preposition - in the gate", "*zəqēnîm*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the elders", "*ʿēdîm*": "noun, masculine plural - witnesses", "*yittēn*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular jussive - may he give", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/the LORD", "*ʾiššâ*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article with direct object marker - the woman", "*bāʾâ*": "Qal participle, feminine singular with definite article - the one coming", "*bêtekā*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix with preposition - to your house", "*Rāḥēl*": "proper noun with preposition of comparison - like Rachel", "*Lēʾâ*": "proper noun with preposition of comparison - like Leah", "*bānû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they built", "*bêt*": "noun, masculine singular construct with direct object marker - house of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*wa-ʿăśēh*": "conjunction + Qal imperative, masculine singular - and do/make", "*ḥayil*": "noun, masculine singular - strength/wealth/power", "*ʾEprātâ*": "proper noun with preposition - in Ephrathah", "*ûqərā*": "conjunction + Qal imperative, masculine singular - and call/proclaim", "*šēm*": "noun, masculine singular - name", "*Bêt* *Lāḥem*": "proper noun with preposition - in Bethlehem" }, "variants": { "*ʿăśēh*-*ḥayil*": "do worthily/achieve wealth/gain power/be prosperous", "*bāʾâ*": "coming/entering/going", "*qərā*-*šēm*": "call a name/become famous/gain renown" } }
32 { "verseID": "Numbers.10.32", "source": "וְהָיָ֖ה כִּי־תֵלֵ֣ךְ עִמָּ֑נוּ וְהָיָ֣ה ׀ הַטּ֣וֹב הַה֗וּא אֲשֶׁ֨ר יֵיטִ֧יב יְהוָ֛ה עִמָּ֖נוּ וְהֵטַ֥בְנוּ לָֽךְ׃", "text": "And-*hāyâh* if-*tēlēk* with-us and-it-will-be the-*ṭôb* the-that which *yêṭîb* *YHWH* with-us and-*hēṭabnû* to-you.", "grammar": { "*hāyâh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - it will be", "*tēlēk*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you will go", "*ṭôb*": "masculine singular adjective - good/goodness", "*yêṭîb*": "Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will do good", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/the LORD", "*hēṭabnû*": "Hiphil perfect, 1st common plural - we will do good" }, "variants": { "*hāyâh*": "it will be/come to pass", "*tēlēk*": "you will go/come/travel", "*ṭôb*": "good/goodness/benefit", "*yêṭîb*": "he will do good/bestow", "*hēṭabnû*": "we will do good/treat well" } }
17 { "verseID": "Joshua.2.17", "source": "וַיֹּאמְר֥וּ אֵלֶ֖יהָ הָאֲנָשִׁ֑ים נְקִיִּ֣ם אֲנַ֔חְנוּ מִשְּׁבֻעָתֵ֥ךְ הַזֶּ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר הִשְׁבַּעְתָּֽנוּ", "text": "And-*wayyōʾmərû* to-her the-men, *nəqiyyîm* we from-your-oath this which *hišbaʿtānû*", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmərû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they said", "*nəqiyyîm*": "adjective masculine plural - free/innocent/clear", "*hišbaʿtānû*": "hiphil perfect 2nd feminine singular + 1st common plural suffix - you have made us swear" }, "variants": { "*nəqiyyîm*": "free/innocent/clear/exempt" } }
55 { "verseID": "Genesis.24.55", "source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אָחִ֙יהָ֙ וְאִמָּ֔הּ תֵּשֵׁ֨ב הַנַּעֲרָ֥ אִתָּ֛נוּ יָמִ֖ים א֣וֹ עָשׂ֑וֹר אַחַ֖ר תֵּלֵֽךְ׃", "text": "And*wayyōʾmer* *ʾāḥîhā* and*weʾimmāh* *tēšēḇ* the*hannaʿărā* with*ʾittānû* *yāmîm* or*ʾô* *ʿāśôr* after*ʾaḥar* *tēlēḵ*", "grammar": { "And*wayyōʾmer*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect consecutive, 3ms - and he said", "*ʾāḥîhā*": "noun, masculine singular + 3fs suffix - her brother", "and*weʾimmāh*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular + 3fs suffix - and her mother", "*tēšēḇ*": "verb, qal imperfect jussive, 3fs - let her stay/remain", "the*hannaʿărā*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the young woman/girl", "with*ʾittānû*": "preposition + 1cp suffix - with us", "*yāmîm*": "noun, masculine plural - days", "or*ʾô*": "conjunction - or", "*ʿāśôr*": "noun, masculine singular - ten (days)", "after*ʾaḥar*": "preposition - afterward/after that", "*tēlēḵ*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3fs - she will go" }, "variants": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "said/spoke/replied", "*ʾāḥîhā*": "her brother", "*weʾimmāh*": "and her mother", "*tēšēḇ*": "let her stay/remain/dwell", "*hannaʿărā*": "the young woman/maiden/girl", "*yāmîm*": "days/period of time", "*ʿāśôr*": "ten/decade/ten days", "*ʾaḥar*": "after/afterward/later", "*tēlēḵ*": "she will go/depart/leave" } }
20 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.15.20", "source": "תְּמ֣וֹל ׀ בּוֹאֶ֗ךָ וְהַיּ֞וֹם *אנועך **אֲנִֽיעֲךָ֤ עִמָּ֙נוּ֙ לָלֶ֔כֶת וַאֲנִ֣י הוֹלֵ֔ךְ עַ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־אֲנִ֖י הוֹלֵ֑ךְ שׁ֣וּב וְהָשֵׁ֧ב אֶת־אַחֶ֛יךָ עִמָּ֖ךְ חֶ֥סֶד וֶאֱמֶֽת׃", "text": "*təmôl* *bôʾḵā* *wə-hayyôm* *ʾănîʿăḵā* *ʿimmānû* *lāleḵeṯ* *wa-ʾănî* *hôlēḵ* *ʿal* *ʾăšer*-*ʾănî* *hôlēḵ* *šûḇ* *wə-hāšēḇ* *ʾeṯ*-*ʾaḥêḵā* *ʿimmāḵ* *ḥeseḏ* *we-ʾĕmeṯ*", "grammar": { "*təmôl*": "adverb - yesterday", "*bôʾḵā*": "qal infinitive construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your coming", "*wə-hayyôm*": "conjunction + definite article + masculine singular noun - and today", "*ʾănîʿăḵā*": "hiphil imperfect, 1st person singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - I cause you to wander", "*ʿimmānû*": "preposition with 1st person plural suffix - with us", "*lāleḵeṯ*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to go", "*wa-ʾănî*": "conjunction + 1st person singular pronoun - and I", "*hôlēḵ*": "qal participle, masculine singular - going", "*ʿal*": "preposition - to/upon", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - that/which", "*šûḇ*": "qal imperative, masculine singular - return", "*wə-hāšēḇ*": "conjunction + hiphil imperative, masculine singular - and bring back", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*ʾaḥêḵā*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your brothers", "*ʿimmāḵ*": "preposition with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - with you", "*ḥeseḏ*": "masculine singular noun - lovingkindness/mercy", "*we-ʾĕmeṯ*": "conjunction + feminine singular noun - and truth/faithfulness" }, "variants": { "*təmôl*": "yesterday/recently", "*bôʾḵā*": "your coming/arrival", "*ʾănîʿăḵā*": "I make you wander/I cause you to move/I take you about", "*hôlēḵ*": "going/walking/traveling", "*ʾaḥêḵā*": "your brothers/kinsmen/countrymen", "*ḥeseḏ we-ʾĕmeṯ*": "lovingkindness and truth/faithfulness and loyalty (hendiadys meaning 'true loyalty' or 'faithful kindness')" } }
10 { "verseID": "Ruth.3.10", "source": "וַיֹּ֗אמֶר בְּרוּכָ֨ה אַ֤תְּ לַֽיהוָה֙ בִּתִּ֔י הֵיטַ֛בְתְּ חַסְדֵּ֥ךְ הָאַחֲר֖וֹן מִן־הָרִאשׁ֑וֹן לְבִלְתִּי־לֶ֗כֶת אַחֲרֵי֙ הַבַּ֣חוּרִ֔ים אִם־דַּ֖ל וְאִם־עָשִֽׁיר׃", "text": "*Wa-yōʾmer bərûkâ ʾat la-YHWH bittî, hêṭabt ḥasdēk hā-ʾaḥărôn min-hā-rīʾšôn lə-biltî-leket ʾaḥărê ha-baḥûrîm ʾim-dal wə-ʾim-ʿāśîr*.", "grammar": { "*Wa-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*bərûkâ*": "Qal passive participle, feminine singular - blessed", "*ʾat*": "2nd feminine singular independent pronoun - you", "*la-YHWH*": "preposition + divine name - to/by YHWH", "*bittî*": "feminine singular noun + 1st singular suffix - my daughter", "*hêṭabt*": "Hiphil perfect, 2nd feminine singular - you have made good/better", "*ḥasdēk*": "masculine singular noun + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your loyalty/kindness", "*hā-ʾaḥărôn*": "definite article + masculine singular adjective - the latter", "*min-hā-rīʾšôn*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular adjective - than the former", "*lə-biltî-leket*": "preposition + negative particle + Qal infinitive construct - not to go", "*ʾaḥărê*": "preposition - after", "*ha-baḥûrîm*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the young men", "*ʾim-dal*": "conjunction + adjective masculine singular - whether poor", "*wə-ʾim-ʿāśîr*": "conjunction + conjunction + adjective masculine singular - or rich" }, "variants": { "*ḥasdēk*": "your loyalty/kindness/faithfulness/covenant loyalty", "*baḥûrîm*": "young men/bachelors/chosen ones" } }
5 { "verseID": "Ruth.3.5", "source": "וַתֹּ֖אמֶר אֵלֶ֑יהָ כֹּ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־תֹּאמְרִ֥י **אֵלַ֖י אֶֽעֱשֶֽׂה׃", "text": "*Wa-tōʾmer* to-her, all which-*tōʾmərî* to-me *ʾeʿĕśeh*.", "grammar": { "*Wa-tōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she said", "*tōʾmərî*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd feminine singular - you say", "*ʾeʿĕśeh*": "Qal imperfect, 1st singular - I will do" }, "variants": {} }
57 { "verseID": "Genesis.24.57", "source": "וַיֹּאמְר֖וּ נִקְרָ֣א לַֽנַּעֲרָ֑ וְנִשְׁאֲלָ֖ה אֶת־פִּֽיהָ׃", "text": "And*wayyōʾmerû* *niqrāʾ* to*lannaʿărā* and*wenišʾălāh* *ʾet*-*pîhā*", "grammar": { "And*wayyōʾmerû*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect consecutive, 3mp - and they said", "*niqrāʾ*": "verb, qal imperfect, 1cp - we will call", "to*lannaʿărā*": "preposition + definite article + noun, feminine singular - to the young woman/girl", "and*wenišʾălāh*": "conjunction + verb, qal cohortative, 1cp - and let us ask", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*pîhā*": "noun, masculine singular + 3fs suffix - her mouth/statement" }, "variants": { "*wayyōʾmerû*": "said/spoke/replied", "*niqrāʾ*": "let us call/we will call/summon", "*lannaʿărā*": "to the young woman/maiden/girl", "*wenišʾălāh*": "and let us ask/inquire/question", "*pîhā*": "her mouth/speech/opinion/decision" } }
38 { "verseID": "Genesis.24.38", "source": "אִם־לֹ֧א אֶל־בֵּית־אָבִ֛י תֵּלֵ֖ךְ וְאֶל־מִשְׁפַּחְתִּ֑י וְלָקַחְתָּ֥ אִשָּׁ֖ה לִבְנִֽי׃", "text": "If-not to-*bêṯ*-my-*ʾāḇî* [father's house] *tēlēḵ* and-to-my-*mišpaḥtî* [family]; and-*wəlāqaḥtā* *ʾiššāh* for-my-*liḇnî* [son].", "grammar": { "*bêṯ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - 'house of'", "*ʾāḇî*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 1st person singular suffix - 'my father'", "*tēlēḵ*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - 'you will go'", "*mišpaḥtî*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 1st person singular suffix - 'my family'", "*wəlāqaḥtā*": "conjunction + Qal perfect, 2nd person masculine singular - 'and you shall take'", "*ʾiššāh*": "noun, feminine singular - 'woman/wife'", "*liḇnî*": "preposition lamed + noun with 1st person singular suffix - 'for my son'" }, "variants": { "*bêṯ*": "house, household, dwelling place", "*ʾāḇî*": "my father", "*tēlēḵ*": "you will go, you shall go, you must go", "*mišpaḥtî*": "my family, my clan, my relatives", "*wəlāqaḥtā*": "and you shall take, and you must take, and you will take", "*ʾiššāh*": "woman, wife" } }
14 { "verseID": "Joshua.2.14", "source": "וַיֹּ֧אמְרוּ לָ֣הּ הָאֲנָשִׁ֗ים נַפְשֵׁ֤נוּ תַחְתֵּיכֶם֙ לָמ֔וּת אִ֚ם לֹ֣א תַגִּ֔ידוּ אֶת־דְּבָרֵ֖נוּ זֶ֑ה וְהָיָ֗ה בְּתֵת־יְהוָ֥ה לָ֙נוּ֙ אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ וְעָשִׂ֥ינוּ עִמָּ֖ךְ חֶ֥סֶד וֶאֱמֶֽת", "text": "And-*wayyōʾmərû* to-her the-men, Our-*nap̄šēnû* in-place-of-you to-*lāmûṯ* if not *ṯaggîḏû* *ʾet*-our-matter this and-*wəhāyâ* in-giving-of *YHWH* to-us *ʾet*-the-land and-*wəʿāśînû* with-you *ḥeseḏ* and-*weʾĕmeṯ*", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmərû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they said", "*nap̄šēnû*": "noun feminine singular construct + 1st common plural suffix - our life/soul", "*lāmûṯ*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to die", "*ṯaggîḏû*": "hiphil imperfect 2nd masculine plural - you tell/report", "*wəhāyâ*": "waw consecutive + qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - and it will be", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD", "*wəʿāśînû*": "waw consecutive + qal perfect 1st common plural - and we will do", "*ḥeseḏ*": "noun masculine singular - kindness/loyalty/faithfulness", "*weʾĕmeṯ*": "waw conjunction + noun feminine singular - and truth/faithfulness" }, "variants": { "*nap̄šēnû*": "life/soul/self", "*ḥeseḏ weʾĕmeṯ*": "kindness and truth/faithfulness and truth/true loyalty" } }