1{
"verseID": "Ruth.3.1",
"source": "וַתֹּ֥אמֶר לָ֖הּ נָעֳמִ֣י חֲמוֹתָ֑הּ בִּתִּ֞י הֲלֹ֧א אֲבַקֶּשׁ־לָ֛ךְ מָנ֖וֹחַ אֲשֶׁ֥ר יִֽיטַב־לָֽךְ׃",
"text": "*Wə-tōʾmer* to-her *Nāʿŏmî* mother-in-law-her, daughter-my, *hălōʾ* *ʾăbaqeš*-for-you *mānôaḥ* which *yîṭab*-for-you.",
"grammar": {
"*Wə-tōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she said",
"*Nāʿŏmî*": "proper noun, feminine singular - Naomi",
"*hălōʾ*": "interrogative particle - is it not/surely",
"*ʾăbaqeš*": "Piel imperfect, 1st singular - I will seek",
"*mānôaḥ*": "masculine singular noun - rest/resting place/security",
"*yîṭab*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - it will be good/well"
},
"variants": {
"*mānôaḥ*": "rest/security/home/settlement",
"*yîṭab*": "be good/be well/be pleasing/prosper"
}
}
2{
"verseID": "Ruth.3.2",
"source": "וְעַתָּ֗ה הֲלֹ֥א בֹ֙עַז֙ מֹֽדַעְתָּ֔נוּ אֲשֶׁ֥ר הָיִ֖ית אֶת־נַעֲרוֹתָ֑יו הִנֵּה־ה֗וּא זֹרֶ֛ה אֶת־גֹּ֥רֶן הַשְּׂעֹרִ֖ים הַלָּֽיְלָה׃",
"text": "*Wə-ʿattâ hălōʾ Bōʿaz mōdaʿtānû* which *hāyît ʾet*-young-women-his. *Hinnēh*-he *zōreh ʾet*-threshing-floor-of the-*śəʿōrîm* the-night.",
"grammar": {
"*Wə-ʿattâ*": "waw conjunction + temporal adverb - and now",
"*hălōʾ*": "interrogative particle - is not",
"*Bōʿaz*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Boaz",
"*mōdaʿtānû*": "masculine singular noun + possessive 1st plural suffix - kinsman/relative of ours",
"*hāyît*": "Qal perfect, 2nd feminine singular - you were",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*Hinnēh*": "demonstrative particle - behold/look",
"*zōreh*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - winnowing/sifting",
"*śəʿōrîm*": "feminine plural noun - barley"
},
"variants": {
"*mōdaʿtānû*": "our relative/our kinsman/our acquaintance",
"*zōreh*": "winnowing/sifting/separating"
}
}
3{
"verseID": "Ruth.3.3",
"source": "וְרָחַ֣צְתְּ ׀ וָסַ֗כְתְּ וְשַׂ֧מְתְּ *שמלתך **שִׂמְלֹתַ֛יִךְ עָלַ֖יִךְ *וירדתי **וְיָרַ֣דְתְּ הַגֹּ֑רֶן אַל־תִּוָּדְעִ֣י לָאִ֔ישׁ עַ֥ד כַּלֹּת֖וֹ לֶאֱכֹ֥ל וְלִשְׁתּֽוֹת׃",
"text": "*Wə-rāḥaṣt wə-sakt wə-śamt śimlōtayik* upon-you *wə-yāradt* the-threshing-floor. *ʾAl-tiwwādʿî* to-the-man until *kallōtô le-ʾĕkōl wə-lištôt*.",
"grammar": {
"*Wə-rāḥaṣt*": "waw consecutive + Qal perfect, 2nd feminine singular - and wash yourself",
"*wə-sakt*": "waw consecutive + Qal perfect, 2nd feminine singular - and anoint yourself",
"*wə-śamt*": "waw consecutive + Qal perfect, 2nd feminine singular - and put on",
"*śimlōtayik*": "feminine plural noun + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your garments",
"*wə-yāradt*": "waw consecutive + Qal perfect, 2nd feminine singular - and go down",
"*ʾAl-tiwwādʿî*": "negative particle + Niphal imperfect, 2nd feminine singular - do not make yourself known",
"*kallōtô*": "Piel infinitive construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his finishing",
"*le-ʾĕkōl*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to eat",
"*wə-lištôt*": "waw conjunction + Qal infinitive construct - and to drink"
},
"variants": {
"*śimlōtayik*": "your garments/your clothes/your robes",
"*tiwwādʿî*": "make yourself known/reveal yourself/be recognized"
}
}
4{
"verseID": "Ruth.3.4",
"source": "וִיהִ֣י בְשָׁכְב֗וֹ וְיָדַ֙עַתְּ֙ אֶת־הַמָּקוֹם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִשְׁכַּב־שָׁ֔ם וּבָ֛את וְגִלִּ֥ית מַרְגְּלֹתָ֖יו *ושכבתי **וְשָׁכָ֑בְתְּ וְהוּא֙ יַגִּ֣יד לָ֔ךְ אֵ֖ת אֲשֶׁ֥ר תַּעַשִֽׂין׃",
"text": "*Wî-hî bə-šākbô wə-yādaʿt ʾet-ha-māqôm* which *yiškab*-there, *û-bāʾt wə-gillît margəlōtāyw wə-šākābt*, and-he *yaggîd* to-you *ʾēt* which *taʿaśîn*.",
"grammar": {
"*Wî-hî*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular jussive - and it shall be",
"*bə-šākbô*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - when he lies down",
"*wə-yādaʿt*": "waw consecutive + Qal perfect, 2nd feminine singular - and know",
"*ha-māqôm*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the place",
"*yiškab*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will lie down",
"*û-bāʾt*": "waw consecutive + Qal perfect, 2nd feminine singular - and come",
"*wə-gillît*": "waw consecutive + Piel perfect, 2nd feminine singular - and uncover",
"*margəlōtāyw*": "feminine plural noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his feet/foot area",
"*wə-šākābt*": "waw consecutive + Qal perfect, 2nd feminine singular - and lie down",
"*yaggîd*": "Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will tell",
"*taʿaśîn*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd feminine singular - you will do"
},
"variants": {
"*margəlōtāyw*": "place of his feet/foot area/lower end (euphemism)"
}
}
5{
"verseID": "Ruth.3.5",
"source": "וַתֹּ֖אמֶר אֵלֶ֑יהָ כֹּ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־תֹּאמְרִ֥י **אֵלַ֖י אֶֽעֱשֶֽׂה׃",
"text": "*Wa-tōʾmer* to-her, all which-*tōʾmərî* to-me *ʾeʿĕśeh*.",
"grammar": {
"*Wa-tōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she said",
"*tōʾmərî*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd feminine singular - you say",
"*ʾeʿĕśeh*": "Qal imperfect, 1st singular - I will do"
},
"variants": {}
}
6{
"verseID": "Ruth.3.6",
"source": "וַתֵּ֖רֶד הַגֹּ֑רֶן וַתַּ֕עַשׂ כְּכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־צִוַּ֖תָּה חֲמוֹתָֽהּ׃",
"text": "*Wa-tēred ha-gōren wa-taʿaś kə-kōl* which-*ṣiwwatâ* mother-in-law-her.",
"grammar": {
"*Wa-tēred*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she went down",
"*ha-gōren*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the threshing floor",
"*wa-taʿaś*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she did",
"*kə-kōl*": "preposition + noun - according to all",
"*ṣiwwatâ*": "Piel perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she commanded"
},
"variants": {}
}
7{
"verseID": "Ruth.3.7",
"source": "וַיֹּ֨אכַל בֹּ֤עַז וַיֵּשְׁתְּ֙ וַיִּיטַ֣ב לִבּ֔וֹ וַיָּבֹ֕א לִשְׁכַּ֖ב בִּקְצֵ֣ה הָעֲרֵמָ֑ה וַתָּבֹ֣א בַלָּ֔ט וַתְּגַ֥ל מַרְגְּלֹתָ֖יו וַתִּשְׁכָּֽב׃",
"text": "*Wa-yōʾkal Bōʿaz wa-yēšt wa-yîṭab libbô wa-yābōʾ liškab bi-qṣēh hā-ʿărēmâ wa-tābōʾ ba-lāṭ wa-təgal margəlōtāyw wa-tiškāb*.",
"grammar": {
"*Wa-yōʾkal*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he ate",
"*Bōʿaz*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Boaz",
"*wa-yēšt*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he drank",
"*wa-yîṭab*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it was good",
"*libbô*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his heart",
"*wa-yābōʾ*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he came",
"*liškab*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to lie down",
"*bi-qṣēh*": "preposition + masculine singular construct - at the end of",
"*hā-ʿărēmâ*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the heap of grain",
"*wa-tābōʾ*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she came",
"*ba-lāṭ*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - in secrecy/quietly",
"*wa-təgal*": "waw consecutive + Piel imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she uncovered",
"*margəlōtāyw*": "feminine plural noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his feet/foot area",
"*wa-tiškāb*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she lay down"
},
"variants": {
"*ba-lāṭ*": "secretly/quietly/gently",
"*margəlōtāyw*": "place of his feet/foot area/lower end (euphemism)"
}
}
8{
"verseID": "Ruth.3.8",
"source": "וַיְהִי֙ בַּחֲצִ֣י הַלַּ֔יְלָה וַיֶּחֱרַ֥ד הָאִ֖ישׁ וַיִּלָּפֵ֑ת וְהִנֵּ֣ה אִשָּׁ֔ה שֹׁכֶ֖בֶת מַרְגְּלֹתָֽיו׃",
"text": "*Wa-yəhî ba-ḥăṣî ha-laylâ wa-yeḥĕrad hā-ʾîš wa-yillāpēt wə-hinnēh ʾiššâ, šōkebet margəlōtāyw*.",
"grammar": {
"*Wa-yəhî*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it happened",
"*ba-ḥăṣî*": "preposition + masculine singular construct - in the middle of",
"*ha-laylâ*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the night",
"*wa-yeḥĕrad*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he trembled/was startled",
"*hā-ʾîš*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the man",
"*wa-yillāpēt*": "waw consecutive + Niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he turned himself/twisted around",
"*wə-hinnēh*": "conjunction + demonstrative particle - and behold",
"*ʾiššâ*": "feminine singular noun - woman",
"*šōkebet*": "Qal participle, feminine singular - lying",
"*margəlōtāyw*": "feminine plural noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his feet/foot area"
},
"variants": {
"*yeḥĕrad*": "trembled/was startled/was afraid",
"*yillāpēt*": "turned himself/twisted around/bent over/grasped",
"*margəlōtāyw*": "place of his feet/foot area/lower end (euphemism)"
}
}
9{
"verseID": "Ruth.3.9",
"source": "וַיֹּ֖אמֶר מִי־אָ֑תּ וַתֹּ֗אמֶר אָנֹכִי֙ ר֣וּת אֲמָתֶ֔ךָ וּפָרַשְׂתָּ֤ כְנָפֶ֙ךָ֙ עַל־אֲמָ֣תְךָ֔ כִּ֥י גֹאֵ֖ל אָֽתָּה׃",
"text": "*Wa-yōʾmer* who-you? *Wa-tōʾmer ʾānōkî Rût ʾămātekā û-pāraśtā kənāpekā* upon-*ʾămātekā kî gōʾēl ʾāttâ*.",
"grammar": {
"*Wa-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*Wa-tōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she said",
"*ʾānōkî*": "1st person singular independent pronoun - I",
"*Rût*": "proper noun, feminine singular - Ruth",
"*ʾămātekā*": "feminine singular noun + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your maidservant",
"*û-pāraśtā*": "waw consecutive + Qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - and spread",
"*kənāpekā*": "feminine singular noun + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your wing/corner of garment",
"*kî*": "conjunction - for/because",
"*gōʾēl*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - redeemer",
"*ʾāttâ*": "2nd masculine singular independent pronoun - you"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾămātekā*": "your maidservant/your female servant/your handmaid",
"*kənāpekā*": "your wing/corner of your garment/your protection (metaphorical)",
"*gōʾēl*": "kinsman-redeemer/relative with right to redeem"
}
}
10{
"verseID": "Ruth.3.10",
"source": "וַיֹּ֗אמֶר בְּרוּכָ֨ה אַ֤תְּ לַֽיהוָה֙ בִּתִּ֔י הֵיטַ֛בְתְּ חַסְדֵּ֥ךְ הָאַחֲר֖וֹן מִן־הָרִאשׁ֑וֹן לְבִלְתִּי־לֶ֗כֶת אַחֲרֵי֙ הַבַּ֣חוּרִ֔ים אִם־דַּ֖ל וְאִם־עָשִֽׁיר׃",
"text": "*Wa-yōʾmer bərûkâ ʾat la-YHWH bittî, hêṭabt ḥasdēk hā-ʾaḥărôn min-hā-rīʾšôn lə-biltî-leket ʾaḥărê ha-baḥûrîm ʾim-dal wə-ʾim-ʿāśîr*.",
"grammar": {
"*Wa-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*bərûkâ*": "Qal passive participle, feminine singular - blessed",
"*ʾat*": "2nd feminine singular independent pronoun - you",
"*la-YHWH*": "preposition + divine name - to/by YHWH",
"*bittî*": "feminine singular noun + 1st singular suffix - my daughter",
"*hêṭabt*": "Hiphil perfect, 2nd feminine singular - you have made good/better",
"*ḥasdēk*": "masculine singular noun + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your loyalty/kindness",
"*hā-ʾaḥărôn*": "definite article + masculine singular adjective - the latter",
"*min-hā-rīʾšôn*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular adjective - than the former",
"*lə-biltî-leket*": "preposition + negative particle + Qal infinitive construct - not to go",
"*ʾaḥărê*": "preposition - after",
"*ha-baḥûrîm*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the young men",
"*ʾim-dal*": "conjunction + adjective masculine singular - whether poor",
"*wə-ʾim-ʿāśîr*": "conjunction + conjunction + adjective masculine singular - or rich"
},
"variants": {
"*ḥasdēk*": "your loyalty/kindness/faithfulness/covenant loyalty",
"*baḥûrîm*": "young men/bachelors/chosen ones"
}
}
11{
"verseID": "Ruth.3.11",
"source": "וְעַתָּ֗ה בִּתִּי֙ אַל־תִּ֣ירְאִ֔י כֹּ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־תֹּאמְרִ֖י אֶֽעֱשֶׂה־לָּ֑ךְ כִּ֤י יוֹדֵ֙עַ֙ כָּל־שַׁ֣עַר עַמִּ֔י כִּ֛י אֵ֥שֶׁת חַ֖יִל אָֽתְּ׃",
"text": "*Wə-ʿattâ bittî ʾal-tîrəʾî kōl ʾăšer-tōʾmərî ʾeʿĕśeh-lāk kî yôdēʿa kāl-šaʿar ʿammî kî ʾēšet ḥayil ʾāt*.",
"grammar": {
"*Wə-ʿattâ*": "waw conjunction + adverb - and now",
"*bittî*": "feminine singular noun + 1st singular suffix - my daughter",
"*ʾal-tîrəʾî*": "negative particle + Qal imperfect, 2nd feminine singular jussive - do not fear",
"*kōl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all",
"*ʾăšer-tōʾmərî*": "relative particle + Qal imperfect, 2nd feminine singular - that you say",
"*ʾeʿĕśeh-lāk*": "Qal imperfect, 1st singular + preposition + 2nd feminine singular suffix - I will do for you",
"*kî*": "conjunction - for/because",
"*yôdēʿa*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - knowing",
"*kāl-šaʿar*": "noun masculine singular construct + noun masculine singular - all the gate of",
"*ʿammî*": "masculine singular noun + 1st singular suffix - my people",
"*kî*": "conjunction - that",
"*ʾēšet ḥayil*": "noun feminine singular construct + noun masculine singular - woman of worth/valor",
"*ʾāt*": "2nd feminine singular independent pronoun - you"
},
"variants": {
"*šaʿar*": "gate/city entrance (metonymy for people/elders who gather at gate)",
"*ʾēšet ḥayil*": "woman of worth/capable woman/virtuous woman/woman of excellence"
}
}
12{
"verseID": "Ruth.3.12",
"source": "וְעַתָּה֙ כִּ֣י אָמְנָ֔ם כִּ֥י *אם גֹאֵ֖ל אָנֹ֑כִי וְגַ֛ם יֵ֥שׁ גֹּאֵ֖ל קָר֥וֹב מִמֶּֽנִּי׃",
"text": "*Wə-ʿattâ kî ʾomnām kî gōʾēl ʾānōkî wə-gam yēš gōʾēl qārôb mimmennî*.",
"grammar": {
"*Wə-ʿattâ*": "waw conjunction + adverb - and now",
"*kî*": "conjunction - for/that",
"*ʾomnām*": "adverb - truly/indeed",
"*kî*": "conjunction - that",
"*gōʾēl*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - redeemer",
"*ʾānōkî*": "1st person singular independent pronoun - I",
"*wə-gam*": "waw conjunction + adverb - and also",
"*yēš*": "particle of existence - there is",
"*gōʾēl*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - redeemer",
"*qārôb*": "adjective, masculine singular - near/close",
"*mimmennî*": "preposition + 1st singular suffix - than me"
},
"variants": {
"*gōʾēl*": "kinsman-redeemer/relative with right to redeem",
"*qārôb*": "near/close/closer (in relation)"
}
}