Joshua 10:13

King James Version with Strong's Numbers

And the sun stood still, and the moon stayed, until the people had avenged themselves upon their enemies. Is not this written in the book of Jasher? So the sun stood still in the midst of heaven, and hasted not to go down about a whole day.

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וַיִּדֹּ֨ם הַשֶּׁ֜מֶשׁ וְיָרֵ֣חַ עָמָ֗ד עַד־יִקֹּ֥ם גּוֹי֙ אֹֽיְבָ֔יו הֲלֹא־הִ֥יא כְתוּבָ֖ה עַל־סֵ֣פֶר הַיָּשָׁ֑ר וַיַּעֲמֹ֤ד הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙ בַּחֲצִ֣י הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וְלֹא־אָ֥ץ לָב֖וֹא כְּי֥וֹם תָּמִֽים׃

Transliteration

wə-yīddōm the šemeš and yārēaḥ ʿāmād until yīqqōm gôy ʾōyəbāyw hă-lōʾ-hîʾ kətûbâ on sēper the yāšār and wə-yaʿămōd the šemeš in ḥăṣî the šāmayīm and not ʾāṣ to lābôʾ like yôm tāmîm

Grammar Details

• *wə-yīddōm*: waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and became silent/stopped
• *šemeš*: noun, feminine singular with definite article - the sun
• *yārēaḥ*: noun, masculine singular - moon
• *ʿāmād*: Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - stood/stayed
• *yīqqōm*: Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - would avenge itself
• *gôy*: noun, masculine singular - nation
• *ʾōyəbāyw*: noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his enemies
• *hă-lōʾ-hîʾ*: interrogative particle + negative particle + 3rd feminine singular pronoun - is it not?
• *kətûbâ*: Qal passive participle, feminine singular - written
• *sēper*: noun, masculine singular construct - book of
• *yāšār*: noun/adjective, masculine singular with definite article - the upright/just
• *wə-yaʿămōd*: waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and stood/remained
• *ḥăṣî*: noun, masculine singular construct - middle/half of
• *šāmayīm*: noun, masculine plural with definite article - the heavens/sky
• *ʾāṣ*: Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - hastened
• *lābôʾ*: preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to come/go
• *yôm*: noun, masculine singular - day
• *tāmîm*: adjective, masculine singular - complete/whole

Word Meanings

• *wə-yīddōm*: became silent/stood still/ceased
• *šemeš*: sun
• *yārēaḥ*: moon
• *ʿāmād*: stood/stayed/halted
• *yīqqōm*: took vengeance/avenged itself/vindicated
• *gôy*: nation/people
• *ʾōyəbāyw*: his enemies/adversaries
• *kətûbâ*: written/recorded
• *sēper*: book/scroll/document
• *yāšār*: the Upright/Jashar/the Just
• *ḥăṣî*: half/middle/midst
• *šāmayīm*: heavens/sky
• *ʾāṣ*: hastened/hurried/rushed
• *lābôʾ*: to go/to come/to enter
• *tāmîm*: complete/whole/perfect/full

Referenced Verses

• 2 Sam 1:18 : 18 (Also he bade them teach the children of Judah the use of the bow: behold, it is written in the book of Jasher.)
• Isa 38:8 : 8 Behold, I will bring again the shadow of the degrees, which is gone down in the sun dial of Ahaz, ten degrees backward. So the sun returned ten degrees, by which degrees it was gone down.
• Hab 3:11 : 11 The sun and moon stood still in their habitation: at the light of thine arrows they went, and at the shining of thy glittering spear.
• Matt 5:45 : 45 That ye may be the children of your Father which is in heaven: for he maketh his sun to rise on the evil and on the good, and sendeth rain on the just and on the unjust.
• Matt 24:29 : 29 Immediately after the tribulation of those days shall the sun be darkened, and the moon shall not give her light, and the stars shall fall from heaven, and the powers of the heavens shall be shaken:
• Luke 18:7 : 7 And shall not God avenge his own elect, which cry day and night unto him, though he bear long with them?
• Acts 2:20 : 20 The sun shall be turned into darkness, and the moon into blood, before that great and notable day of the Lord come:
• Rev 6:10 : 10 And they cried with a loud voice, saying, How long, O Lord, holy and true, dost thou not judge and avenge our blood on them that dwell on the earth?
• Rev 6:12 : 12 And I beheld when he had opened the sixth seal, and, lo, there was a great earthquake; and the sun became black as sackcloth of hair, and the moon became as blood;
• Rev 8:12 : 12 And the fourth angel sounded, and the third part of the sun was smitten, and the third part of the moon, and the third part of the stars; so as the third part of them was darkened, and the day shone not for a third part of it, and the night likewise.
• Rev 16:8-9 : 8 And the fourth angel poured out his vial upon the sun; and power was given unto him to scorch men with fire. 9 And men were scorched with great heat, and blasphemed the name of God, which hath power over these plagues: and they repented not to give him glory.
• Rev 21:23 : 23 And the city had no need of the sun, neither of the moon, to shine in it: for the glory of God did lighten it, and the Lamb is the light thereof.
• Esth 8:13 : 13 The copy of the writing for a commandment to be given in every province was published unto all people, and that the Jews should be ready against that day to avenge themselves on their enemies.
• Ps 19:4 : 4 Their line is gone out through all the earth, and their words to the end of the world. In them hath he set a tabernacle for the sun,
• Ps 74:16-17 : 16 The day is thine, the night also is thine: thou hast prepared{H8689)} the light and the sun. 17 Thou hast set{H8689)} all the borders of the earth: thou hast made{H8804)} summer and winter.
• Ps 136:7-9 : 7 To him that made great lights: for his mercy endureth for ever: 8 The sun to rule by day: for his mercy endureth for ever: 9 The moon and stars to rule by night: for his mercy endureth for ever.
• Ps 148:3 : 3 Praise ye him, sun and moon: praise him, all ye stars of light.
• Isa 24:23 : 23 Then the moon shall be confounded, and the sun ashamed, when the LORD of hosts shall reign in mount Zion, and in Jerusalem, and before his ancients gloriously.
• Num 21:14 : 14 Wherefore it is said in the book of the wars of the LORD, What he did in the Red sea, and in the brooks of Arnon,
• Num 31:2 : 2 Avenge the children of Israel of the Midianites: afterward shalt thou be gathered unto thy people.
• Josh 10:11 : 11 And it came to pass, as they fled from before Israel, and were in the going down to Bethhoron, that the LORD cast down great stones from heaven upon them unto Azekah, and they died: they were more which died with hailstones than they whom the children of Israel slew with the sword.
• Josh 10:14 : 14 And there was no day like that before it or after it, that the LORD hearkened unto the voice of a man: for the LORD fought for Israel.
• Judg 5:2 : 2 Praise ye the LORD for the avenging of Israel, when the people willingly offered themselves.
• Judg 16:28 : 28 And Samson called unto the LORD, and said, O Lord GOD, remember me, I pray thee, and strengthen me, I pray thee, only this once, O God, that I may be at once avenged of the Philistines for my two eyes.
• Joel 2:10 : 10 The earth shall quake before them; the heavens shall tremble: the sun and the moon shall be dark, and the stars shall withdraw their shining:
• Joel 2:31 : 31 The sun shall be turned into darkness, and the moon into blood, before the great and the terrible day of the LORD come.
• Joel 3:15 : 15 The sun and the moon shall be darkened, and the stars shall withdraw their shining.