1 Samuel 19:5

KJV1611 – Modern English

For he put his life in his hand, and killed the Philistine, and the LORD worked a great salvation for all Israel; you saw it, and rejoiced; why then will you sin against innocent blood, to slay David without a cause?

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וַיָּשֶׂם֩ אֶת־נַפְשׁ֨וֹ בְכַפּ֜וֹ וַיַּ֣ךְ אֶת־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֗י וַיַּ֨עַשׂ יְהוָ֜ה תְּשׁוּעָ֤ה גְדוֹלָה֙ לְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל רָאִ֖יתָ וַתִּשְׂמָ֑ח וְלָ֤מָּה תֶֽחֱטָא֙ בְּדָ֣ם נָקִ֔י לְהָמִ֥ית אֶת־דָּוִ֖ד חִנָּֽם׃

Transliteration

And wayyāśem ʾeṯ-his nap̄šô in his ḇeḵappô and wayyak ʾeṯ-the happelištî, and wayyaʿaś YHWH tešûʿāh ḡeḏôlāh for all-Yiśrāʾēl; you rāʾîṯā and wattiśmāḥ; and welāmmāh ṯeḥĕṭāʾ with beḏām nāqî, to lehāmîṯ ʾeṯ-Dāwid without cause?

Grammar Details

• *wayyāśem*: waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - 'and he put'
• *ʾeṯ*: direct object marker
• *nap̄šô*: noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'his life/soul'
• *ḇeḵappô*: preposition + noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'in his palm/hand'
• *wayyak*: waw-consecutive + Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - 'and he struck'
• *happelištî*: definite article + proper noun, masculine singular - 'the Philistine'
• *wayyaʿaś*: waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - 'and he made'
• *YHWH*: proper noun - 'LORD'
• *tešûʿāh*: noun, feminine singular - 'salvation/victory/deliverance'
• *ḡeḏôlāh*: adjective, feminine singular - 'great'
• *Yiśrāʾēl*: proper noun - 'Israel'
• *rāʾîṯā*: Qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - 'you saw'
• *wattiśmāḥ*: waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - 'and you rejoiced'
• *welāmmāh*: waw-conjunction + interrogative - 'and why'
• *ṯeḥĕṭāʾ*: Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - 'you will sin'
• *beḏām*: preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - 'with blood of'
• *nāqî*: adjective, masculine singular - 'innocent'
• *lehāmîṯ*: preposition + Hiphil infinitive construct - 'to kill'
• *ḥinnām*: adverb - 'without cause/freely/for nothing'

Word Meanings

• *wayyāśem*: put/placed/risked
• *nap̄šô*: his life/his soul/himself
• *ḇeḵappô*: in his palm/in his hand/at risk
• *wayyak*: struck/defeated/killed
• *tešûʿāh*: salvation/victory/deliverance
• *ṯeḥĕṭāʾ*: sin/do wrong/be guilty
• *beḏām*: with blood/by killing
• *nāqî*: innocent/blameless/free from guilt
• *ḥinnām*: without cause/without reason/for nothing

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  He risked his life to kill the Philistine, and the LORD brought about a great victory for all Israel. You saw it and rejoiced. So why would you sin by shedding innocent blood by killing David without cause?

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  For he did put his life in his hand, and slew the Philistine, and the LORD wrought a great salvation for all Israel: thou sawest it, and didst rejoice: wherefore then wilt thou sin against innocent blood, to slay David without a cause?

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  for he put{H7760} his life{H5315} in his hand,{H3709} and smote{H5221} the Philistine,{H6430} and Jehovah{H3068} wrought{H6213} a great{H1419} victory{H8668} for all Israel:{H3478} thou sawest{H7200} it, and didst rejoice;{H8055} wherefore then wilt thou sin{H2398} against innocent{H5355} blood,{H1818} to slay{H4191} David{H1732} without a cause?{H2600}

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  For he did put{H7760}{(H8799)} his life{H5315} in his hand{H3709}, and slew{H5221}{(H8686)} the Philistine{H6430}, and the LORD{H3068} wrought{H6213}{(H8799)} a great{H1419} salvation{H8668} for all Israel{H3478}: thou sawest{H7200}{(H8804)} it, and didst rejoice{H8055}{(H8799)}: wherefore then wilt thou sin{H2398}{(H8799)} against innocent{H5355} blood{H1818}, to slay{H4191}{(H8687)} David{H1732} without a cause{H2600}?

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  he put his lyfe in his hande also, and smote the Philistyne, & the LORDE dyd a greate health vnto all Israel: this hast thou sene, and reioysed therof. Wherfore wylt thou then offende agaynst innocent bloude, that thou woldest kyll Dauid without a cause?

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  For he did put his life in daunger, and slew the Philistim, and the Lord wrought a great saluation for al Israel: thou sawest it, and thou reioycedst: wherefore then wilt thou sinne against innocent blood, and slay Dauid without a cause?

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  For he dyd put his life in his hande, and slue the Philistine, and the Lorde brought to passe a great health for all Israel: Thou sawest it, and thou reioycedst: Wherfore then wilt thou sinne against innocent blood, and slay Dauid without a cause?

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  For he did put his life in his hand, and slew the Philistine, and the LORD wrought a great salvation for all Israel: thou sawest [it], and didst rejoice: wherefore then wilt thou sin against innocent blood, to slay David without a cause?

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  for he put his life in his hand, and struck the Philistine, and Yahweh worked a great victory for all Israel: you saw it, and did rejoice; why then will you sin against innocent blood, to kill David without a cause?

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  yea, he putteth his life in his hand, and smiteth the Philistine, and Jehovah worketh a great salvation for all Israel; thou hast seen, and dost rejoice, and why dost thou sin against innocent blood, to put David to death for nought?'

• American Standard Version (1901)

  for he put his life in his hand, and smote the Philistine, and Jehovah wrought a great victory for all Israel: thou sawest it, and didst rejoice; wherefore then wilt thou sin against innocent blood, to slay David without a cause?

• American Standard Version (1901)

  for he put his life in his hand, and smote the Philistine, and Jehovah wrought a great victory for all Israel: thou sawest it, and didst rejoice; wherefore then wilt thou sin against innocent blood, to slay David without a cause?

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  For he put his life in danger and overcame the Philistine, and the Lord gave all Israel salvation: you saw it and were glad: why then are you sinning against him who has done no wrong, desiring the death of David without cause?

• World English Bible (2000)

  for he put his life in his hand, and struck the Philistine, and Yahweh worked a great victory for all Israel. You saw it, and rejoiced. Why then will you sin against innocent blood, to kill David without a cause?"

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  He risked his life when he struck down the Philistine and the LORD gave all Israel a great victory. When you saw it, you were happy. So why would you sin against innocent blood by putting David to death for no reason?”

Referenced Verses

• 1 Sam 11:13 : 13 And Saul said, "There shall not a man be put to death this day, for today the LORD has brought salvation to Israel."
• 1 Chr 11:14 : 14 But they stationed themselves in the midst of that piece of ground and defended it, and slew the Philistines; and the LORD saved them by a great deliverance.
• Matt 27:4 : 4 Saying, I have sinned in that I have betrayed innocent blood. And they said, What is that to us? See to that yourself.
• 1 Sam 20:32 : 32 And Jonathan answered Saul his father, and said to him, Why should he be slain? What has he done?
• 1 Sam 28:21 : 21 And the woman came to Saul, and saw that he was very troubled, and said to him, Behold, your maidservant has obeyed your voice, and I have put my life in my hand and have listened to your words which you spoke to me.
• Judg 9:17 : 17 (For my father fought for you, risked his life, and delivered you out of the hand of Midian,
• Ps 119:109 : 109 My life is continually in my hand, yet I do not forget Your law.
• Jer 26:15 : 15 But know for certain that if you put me to death, you will surely bring innocent blood upon yourselves, and upon this city, and upon its inhabitants; for truly the LORD has sent me to you to speak all these words in your hearing.
• Ps 25:3 : 3 Indeed, let none who wait on You be ashamed; let them be ashamed who transgress without cause.
• Ps 69:4 : 4 Those who hate me without a cause are more than the hairs of my head; those who would destroy me, being my enemies wrongfully, are mighty; then I restored what I did not take away.
• Matt 27:24 : 24 When Pilate saw that he could nothing prevail, but rather a tumult was made, he took water and washed his hands before the multitude, saying, I am innocent of the blood of this just person. See to it yourselves.
• John 15:25 : 25 But this happens so that the word might be fulfilled that is written in their law, ‘They hated me without a cause.’
• Acts 20:24 : 24 But none of these things move me, nor do I count my life dear to myself, so that I may finish my race with joy, and the ministry which I received from the Lord Jesus, to testify to the gospel of the grace of God.
• Phil 2:30 : 30 Because for the work of Christ he came close to death, not regarding his life, to supply your lack of service toward me.
• Heb 2:3 : 3 How shall we escape if we neglect such a great salvation, which at the first began to be spoken by the Lord, and was confirmed to us by those that heard him;
• Judg 12:3 : 3 And when I saw that you did not deliver me, I put my life in my hands, and passed over against the children of Ammon, and the LORD delivered them into my hand: why then have you come up to me this day, to fight against me?
• Exod 14:13 : 13 And Moses said to the people, Do not fear, stand still, and see the salvation of the LORD, which he will show to you today: for the Egyptians whom you have seen today, you shall see them again no more forever.
• Deut 19:10-13 : 10 That innocent blood may not be shed in your land, which the LORD your God gives you as an inheritance, and thus blood guilt be upon you. 11 But if any man hates his neighbor, and lies in wait for him, and rises against him, and strikes him mortally so that he dies, and flees into one of these cities; 12 Then the elders of his city shall send and take him from there, and deliver him into the hand of the avenger of blood, so that he may die. 13 Your eye shall not pity him, but you shall remove the guilt of innocent blood from Israel, that it may go well with you.
• 1 Sam 14:45 : 45 But the people said to Saul, "Shall Jonathan die, who has brought this great deliverance in Israel? Far be it! As the LORD lives, not one hair of his head shall fall to the ground, for he has worked with God today." So the people rescued Jonathan, and he did not die.
• 1 Sam 17:49-53 : 49 David put his hand in his bag, took a stone, slung it, and struck the Philistine in the forehead, and the stone sank into his forehead, and he fell on his face to the earth. 50 Thus David prevailed over the Philistine with a sling and a stone and struck the Philistine, and killed him. There was no sword in David's hand. 51 David ran and stood over the Philistine, took his sword, drew it out of its sheath, and killed him, and cut off his head with it. When the Philistines saw that their champion was dead, they fled. 52 The men of Israel and Judah arose, shouted, and pursued the Philistines as far as the entrance to the valley and to the gates of Ekron. The wounded of the Philistines fell along the way to Shaaraim, even to Gath and Ekron. 53 The Israelites returned from chasing after the Philistines and plundered their camp.