Exodus 22:9

KJV1611 – Modern English

For every kind of trespass, whether it is for ox, donkey, sheep, clothing, or any lost thing that another claims to be his, both parties shall come before the judges; and he whom the judges convict shall pay double to his neighbor.

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

כִּֽי־יִתֵּן֩ אִ֨ישׁ אֶל־רֵעֵ֜הוּ חֲמ֨וֹר אוֹ־שׁ֥וֹר אוֹ־שֶׂ֛ה וְכָל־בְּהֵמָ֖ה לִשְׁמֹ֑ר וּמֵ֛ת אוֹ־נִשְׁבַּ֥ר אוֹ־נִשְׁבָּ֖ה אֵ֥ין רֹאֶֽה׃

Transliteration

When yittēn ʾîš to rēʿēhû ḥămôr or-šôr or-śeh and all-bĕhēmâ lišmōr, and ûmēt or-nišbar or-nišbâ ʾên rōʾeh.

Grammar Details

• *yittēn*: qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'gives'
• *ʾîš*: masculine singular noun, 'man'
• *rēʿēhû*: masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix, 'his neighbor'
• *ḥămôr*: masculine singular noun, 'donkey'
• *šôr*: masculine singular noun, 'ox'
• *śeh*: masculine singular noun, 'sheep/lamb'
• *bĕhēmâ*: feminine singular noun, 'animal/beast'
• *lišmōr*: qal infinitive construct with preposition, 'to keep/guard'
• *ûmēt*: qal perfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular, 'and it dies'
• *nišbar*: niphal perfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'is broken/injured'
• *nišbâ*: niphal perfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'is taken captive/driven away'
• *ʾên*: particle of negation, 'there is no'
• *rōʾeh*: qal participle, masculine singular, 'one seeing/witness'

Word Meanings

• *nišbar*: is injured/broken/harmed
• *nišbâ*: is captured/driven away/stolen
• *ʾên rōʾeh*: no one seeing/without witness

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  If a man gives his neighbor a donkey, an ox, a sheep, or any other animal to take care of, and it dies, is injured, or is driven away while no one is watching,

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  For all manner of trespass, whether it be for ox, for ass, for sheep, for raiment, or for any manner of lost thing, which another challengeth to be his, the cause of both parties shall come before the judges; and whom the judges shall condemn, he shall pay double unto his neighbour.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  For every matter of trespass, whether it be for ox, for ass, for sheep, for raiment, [or] for any manner of lost thing, whereof one saith, This is it, the cause of both parties shall come before God; he whom God shall condemn shall pay double unto his neighbor.

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  For all manner of trespass, whether it be for ox, for ass, for sheep, for raiment, or for any manner of lost thing, which another challengeth to be his, the cause of both parties shall come before the judges; and whom the judges shall condemn, he shall pay double unto his neighbour.

• Tyndale Bible (1526/1534)

  And in all maner of trespace, whether it be oxe, asse, shepe, rayment or ony maner lost thynge which another chalegeth to be his, the cause of both parties shall come before the goddes. And whom the goddes condene: the same shall paye double vnto his neghboure.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  Yf one accuse another in eny maner of trespace, whether it be for oxe, or Asse, or shepe, or rayment, what so euer it be that is lost: then shall both their causes come before the Goddes: Loke whom the Goddes condempne, the same shal restore dubble vnto his neghboure.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  In all maner of trespasse, whether it bee for oxen, for asse, for sheepe, for raiment, or for any maner of lost thing, which an other chalengeth to be his, the cause of both parties shal come before the iudges, and whom the Iudges condemne, he shall pay the double vnto his neighbour.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  And in al maner of trespasse, whether it be for oxe, asse, or sheepe, rayment, or any maner of lost thing, which another chalengeth to be his: the cause of both parties shall come before the Iudges, and whom the Iudges condemne, let him pay double vnto his neyghbour.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  For all manner of trespass, [whether it be] for ox, for ass, for sheep, for raiment, [or] for any manner of lost thing, which [another] challengeth to be his, the cause of both parties shall come before the judges; [and] whom the judges shall condemn, he shall pay double unto his neighbour.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  For every matter of trespass, whether it be for ox, for donkey, for sheep, for clothing, or for any kind of lost thing, about which one says, 'This is mine,' the cause of both parties shall come before God. He whom God condemns shall pay double to his neighbor.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  for every matter of transgression, for ox, for ass, for sheep, for raiment, for any lost thing of which it is said that it is his; unto God cometh the matter of them both; he whom God doth condemn, he repayeth double to his neighbour.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  For every matter of trespass, whether it be for ox, for ass, for sheep, for raiment, `or' for any manner of lost thing, whereof one saith, This is it, the cause of both parties shall come before God; he whom God shall condemn shall pay double unto his neighbor.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  For every matter of trespass, whether it be for ox, for ass, for sheep, for raiment, [or] for any manner of lost thing, whereof one saith, This is it, the cause of both parties shall come before God; he whom God shall condemn shall pay double unto his neighbor.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  In any question about an ox or an ass or a sheep or clothing, or about the loss of any property which anyone says is his, let the two sides put their cause before God; and he who is judged to be in the wrong is to make payment to his neighbour of twice the value.

• World English Bible (2000)

  For every matter of trespass, whether it be for ox, for donkey, for sheep, for clothing, or for any kind of lost thing, about which one says, 'This is mine,' the cause of both parties shall come before God. He whom God condemns shall pay double to his neighbor.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  In all cases of illegal possessions, whether for an ox, a donkey, a sheep, a garment, or any kind of lost item, about which someone says‘This belongs to me,’ the matter of the two of them will come before the judges, and the one whom the judges declare guilty must repay double to his neighbor.

Referenced Verses

• Deut 25:1 : 1 If there is a dispute between men, and they come to judgment, that the judges may judge them; then they shall justify the righteous, and condemn the wicked.
• Exod 22:28 : 28 You shall not revile the gods nor curse the ruler of your people.
• Exod 23:6-8 : 6 You shall not pervert the justice due to your poor in his dispute. 7 Keep far from a false matter, and do not kill the innocent and righteous, for I will not acquit the wicked. 8 And you shall take no bribe, for a bribe blinds the discerning and perverts the words of the righteous.
• Num 5:6-7 : 6 Speak to the children of Israel, When a man or woman commits any sin that people commit by breaking faith with the LORD, and that person is guilty; 7 Then they shall confess their sin that they have committed, and he shall compensate for his wrong with its principal, and add to it one-fifth of it, and give it to him against whom he has trespassed.
• Exod 22:4 : 4 If the stolen goods are found alive in his hand, whether it is ox, donkey, or sheep, he shall restore double.
• Exod 22:7-8 : 7 If a man gives his neighbor money or goods to keep safe, and it is stolen out of the man's house, if the thief is found, he shall pay double. 8 If the thief is not found, then the owner of the house shall be brought to the judges to determine whether he has taken his neighbor's goods.
• Exod 18:21-22 : 21 Moreover, you shall select from all the people able men, such as fear God, men of truth, hating covetousness; and place them over them to be rulers of thousands, rulers of hundreds, rulers of fifties, and rulers of tens. 22 And let them judge the people at all times. Then it will be that every great matter they shall bring to you, but every small matter they shall judge themselves; so it will be easier for you, for they will bear the burden with you.
• Deut 16:18-19 : 18 Judges and officers you shall make for yourself in all your gates, which the LORD your God gives you, throughout your tribes: and they shall judge the people with just judgment. 19 You shall not pervert justice; you shall not show partiality, nor take a bribe: for a bribe blinds the eyes of the wise, and perverts the words of the righteous.
• 1 Kgs 8:31 : 31 If any man trespass against his neighbor, and an oath be laid upon him to cause him to swear, and the oath come before your altar in this house:
• 2 Chr 19:10 : 10 And whatever cause shall come to you from your brethren that dwell in their cities, between blood and blood, between law and commandment, statutes and judgments, you shall even warn them that they do not trespass against the LORD, and so wrath come upon you and upon your brethren: this do, and you shall not trespass.
• Matt 6:14-15 : 14 For if you forgive men their trespasses, your heavenly Father will also forgive you. 15 But if you do not forgive men their trespasses, neither will your Father forgive your trespasses.
• Matt 18:15 : 15 Moreover if your brother trespasses against you, go and tell him his fault between you and him alone: if he hears you, you have gained your brother.
• Matt 18:35 : 35 So also shall my heavenly Father do to you, if you do not forgive from your hearts every one his brother their trespasses.
• Luke 17:3-4 : 3 Take heed to yourselves: If your brother sins against you, rebuke him; and if he repents, forgive him. 4 And if he sins against you seven times in a day, and seven times in a day returns to you, saying, I repent; you shall forgive him.