1 Peter 1:11

NET Bible® (New English Translation)

They probed into what person or time the Spirit of Christ within them was indicating when he testified beforehand about the sufferings appointed for Christ and his subsequent glory.

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

Ἐρευνῶντες εἰς τίνα, ἢ ποῖον καιρὸν ἐδήλου τὸ ἐν αὐτοῖς Πνεῦμα Χριστοῦ, προμαρτυρόμενον τὰ εἰς Χριστὸν παθήματα, καὶ τὰς μετὰ ταῦτα δόξας.

Transliteration

Ereunōntes into what, or what kind of kairon was edēlou the in them Pneuma Christou, promartyromenon the unto Christon pathēmata, and the after these doxas.

Grammar Details

• *Ereunōntes*: present, active, participle, nominative, masculine, plural - manner/means
• *kairon*: accusative, masculine, singular - direct object
• *edēlou*: imperfect, active, indicative, 3rd person, singular - ongoing past action
• *Pneuma Christou*: nominative, neuter, singular - subject
• *promartyromenon*: present, middle, participle, nominative, neuter, singular - attributive
• *Christon*: accusative, masculine, singular - direction/reference
• *pathēmata*: accusative, neuter, plural - direct object
• *doxas*: accusative, feminine, plural - direct object

Word Meanings

• *Ereunōntes*: searching/investigating/examining
• *kairon*: time/season/opportunity
• *edēlou*: was indicating/showing/making clear
• *Pneuma Christou*: Spirit of Christ
• *promartyromenon*: predicting/testifying beforehand/bearing witness in advance
• *pathēmata*: sufferings/afflictions/hardships
• *doxas*: glories/honors/praises

Referenced Verses

• 2 Pet 1:21 : 21 for no prophecy was ever borne of human impulse; rather, men carried along by the Holy Spirit spoke from God.
• Rom 8:9 : 9 You, however, are not in the flesh but in the Spirit, if indeed the Spirit of God lives in you. Now if anyone does not have the Spirit of Christ, this person does not belong to him.
• Isa 52:13-14 : 13 The Lord Will Vindicate His Servant“Look, my servant will succeed! He will be elevated, lifted high, and greatly exalted– 14 (just as many were horrified by the sight of you) he was so disfigured he no longer looked like a man; his form was so marred he no longer looked human–
• Isa 53:1-9 : 1 Who would have believed what we just heard? When was the LORD’s power revealed through him? 2 He sprouted up like a twig before God, like a root out of parched soil; he had no stately form or majesty that might catch our attention, no special appearance that we should want to follow him. 3 He was despised and rejected by people, one who experienced pain and was acquainted with illness; people hid their faces from him; he was despised, and we considered him insignificant. 4 But he lifted up our illnesses, he carried our pain; even though we thought he was being punished, attacked by God, and afflicted for something he had done. 5 He was wounded because of our rebellious deeds, crushed because of our sins; he endured punishment that made us well; because of his wounds we have been healed. 6 All of us had wandered off like sheep; each of us had strayed off on his own path, but the LORD caused the sin of all of us to attack him. 7 He was treated harshly and afflicted, but he did not even open his mouth. Like a lamb led to the slaughtering block, like a sheep silent before her shearers, he did not even open his mouth. 8 He was led away after an unjust trial– but who even cared? Indeed, he was cut off from the land of the living; because of the rebellion of his own people he was wounded. 9 They intended to bury him with criminals, but he ended up in a rich man’s tomb, because he had committed no violent deeds, nor had he spoken deceitfully. 10 Though the LORD desired to crush him and make him ill, once restitution is made, he will see descendants and enjoy long life, and the LORD’s purpose will be accomplished through him. 11 Having suffered, he will reflect on his work, he will be satisfied when he understands what he has done.“My servant will acquit many, for he carried their sins. 12 So I will assign him a portion with the multitudes, he will divide the spoils of victory with the powerful, because he willingly submitted to death and was numbered with the rebels, when he lifted up the sin of many and intervened on behalf of the rebels.”
• Dan 9:24-26 : 24 “Seventy weeks have been determined concerning your people and your holy city to put an end to rebellion, to bring sin to completion, to atone for iniquity, to bring in perpetual righteousness, to seal up the prophetic vision, and to anoint a most holy place. 25 So know and understand: From the issuing of the command to restore and rebuild Jerusalem until an anointed one, a prince arrives, there will be a period of seven weeks and sixty-two weeks. It will again be built, with plaza and moat, but in distressful times. 26 Now after the sixty-two weeks, an anointed one will be cut off and have nothing. As for the city and the sanctuary, the people of the coming prince will destroy them. But his end will come speedily like a flood. Until the end of the war that has been decreed there will be destruction.
• Zech 8:18-21 : 18 The message of the LORD of Heaven’s Armies came to me as follows: 19 “The LORD of Heaven’s Armies says,‘The fast of the fourth, fifth, seventh, and tenth months will become joyful and happy, pleasant feasts for the house of Judah, so love truth and peace.’ 20 The LORD of Heaven’s Armies says,‘It will someday come to pass that people– residents of many cities– will come. 21 The inhabitants of one will go to another and say,“Let’s go up at once to ask the favor of the LORD, to seek the LORD of Heaven’s Armies. Indeed, I’ll go with you.”’
• Zech 13:7 : 7 “Awake, sword, against my shepherd, against the man who is my associate,” says the LORD of Heaven’s Armies. Strike the shepherd that the flock may be scattered; I will turn my hand against the insignificant ones.
• Zech 14:9 : 9 The LORD will then be king over all the earth. In that day the LORD will be seen as one with a single name.
• Matt 26:24 : 24 The Son of Man will go as it is written about him, but woe to that man by whom the Son of Man is betrayed! It would be better for him if he had never been born.”
• Luke 24:25-27 : 25 So he said to them,“You foolish people– how slow of heart to believe all that the prophets have spoken! 26 Wasn’t it necessary for the Christ to suffer these things and enter into his glory?” 27 Then beginning with Moses and all the prophets, he interpreted to them the things written about himself in all the scriptures.
• Luke 24:44 : 44 Jesus’ Final Commission Then he said to them,“These are my words that I spoke to you while I was still with you, that everything written about me in the law of Moses and the prophets and the psalms must be fulfilled.”
• John 12:41 : 41 Isaiah said these things because he saw Christ’s glory, and spoke about him.
• Acts 26:22-23 : 22 I have experienced help from God to this day, and so I stand testifying to both small and great, saying nothing except what the prophets and Moses said was going to happen: 23 that the Christ was to suffer and be the first to rise from the dead, to proclaim light both to our people and to the Gentiles.”
• Gen 3:15 : 15 And I will put hostility between you and the woman and between your offspring and her offspring; her offspring will attack your head, and you will attack her offspring’s heel.”
• Gen 49:10 : 10 The scepter will not depart from Judah, nor the ruler’s staff from between his feet, until he comes to whom it belongs; the nations will obey him.
• Ps 22:1-9 : 1 For the music director; according to the tune“Morning Doe;” a psalm of David. My God, my God, why have you abandoned me? I groan in prayer, but help seems far away. 2 My God, I cry out during the day, but you do not answer, and during the night my prayers do not let up. 3 You are holy; you sit as king receiving the praises of Israel. 4 In you our ancestors trusted; they trusted in you and you rescued them. 5 To you they cried out, and they were saved; in you they trusted and they were not disappointed. 6 But I am a worm, not a man; people insult me and despise me. 7 All who see me taunt me; they mock me and shake their heads. 8 They say,“Commit yourself to the LORD! Let the LORD rescue him! Let the LORD deliver him, for he delights in him.” 9 Yes, you are the one who brought me out from the womb and made me feel secure on my mother’s breasts. 10 I have been dependent on you since birth; from the time I came out of my mother’s womb you have been my God. 11 Do not remain far away from me, for trouble is near and I have no one to help me. 12 Many bulls surround me; powerful bulls of Bashan hem me in. 13 They open their mouths to devour me like a roaring lion that rips its prey. 14 My strength drains away like water; all my bones are dislocated; my heart is like wax; it melts away inside me. 15 The roof of my mouth is as dry as a piece of pottery; my tongue sticks to my gums. You set me in the dust of death. 16 Yes, wild dogs surround me– a gang of evil men crowd around me; like a lion they pin my hands and feet. 17 I can count all my bones; my enemies are gloating over me in triumph. 18 They are dividing up my clothes among themselves; they are rolling dice for my garments. 19 But you, O LORD, do not remain far away! You are my source of strength! Hurry and help me! 20 Deliver me from the sword! Save my life from the claws of the wild dogs! 21 Rescue me from the mouth of the lion, and from the horns of the wild oxen! You have answered me! 22 I will declare your name to my countrymen! In the middle of the assembly I will praise you! 23 You loyal followers of the LORD, praise him! All you descendants of Jacob, honor him! All you descendants of Israel, stand in awe of him! 24 For he did not despise or detest the suffering of the oppressed; he did not ignore him; when he cried out to him, he responded. 25 You are the reason I offer praise in the great assembly; I will fulfill my promises before the LORD’s loyal followers. 26 Let the oppressed eat and be filled! Let those who seek his help praise the LORD! May you live forever! 27 Let all the people of the earth acknowledge the LORD and turn to him! Let all the nations worship you! 28 For the LORD is king and rules over the nations. 29 All of the thriving people of the earth will join the celebration and worship; all those who are descending into the grave will bow before him, including those who cannot preserve their lives. 30 A whole generation will serve him; they will tell the next generation about the Lord. 31 They will come and tell about his saving deeds; they will tell a future generation what he has accomplished.
• Ps 69:1-9 : 1 For the music director; according to the tune of“Lilies;” by David. Deliver me, O God, for the water has reached my neck. 2 I sink into the deep mire where there is no solid ground; I am in deep water, and the current overpowers me. 3 I am exhausted from shouting for help; my throat is sore; my eyes grow tired of looking for my God. 4 Those who hate me without cause are more numerous than the hairs of my head. Those who want to destroy me, my enemies for no reason, outnumber me. They make me repay what I did not steal! 5 O God, you are aware of my foolish sins; my guilt is not hidden from you. 6 Let none who rely on you be disgraced because of me, O Sovereign LORD of Heaven’s Armies! Let none who seek you be ashamed because of me, O God of Israel! 7 For I suffer humiliation for your sake and am thoroughly disgraced. 8 My own brothers treat me like a stranger; they act as if I were a foreigner. 9 Certainly zeal for your house consumes me; I endure the insults of those who insult you. 10 I weep and refrain from eating food, which causes others to insult me. 11 I wear sackcloth and they ridicule me. 12 Those who sit at the city gate gossip about me; drunkards mock me in their songs. 13 O LORD, may you hear my prayer and be favorably disposed to me! O God, because of your great loyal love, answer me with your faithful deliverance! 14 Rescue me from the mud! Don’t let me sink! Deliver me from those who hate me, from the deep water! 15 Don’t let the current overpower me! Don’t let the deep swallow me up! Don’t let the Pit devour me! 16 Answer me, O LORD, for your loyal love is good! Because of your great compassion, turn toward me! 17 Do not ignore your servant, for I am in trouble! Answer me right away! 18 Come near me and redeem me! Because of my enemies, rescue me! 19 You know how I am insulted, humiliated and disgraced; you can see all my enemies. 20 Their insults are painful and make me lose heart; I look for sympathy, but receive none, for comforters, but find none. 21 They put bitter poison into my food, and to quench my thirst they give me vinegar to drink.
• Ps 69:30-36 : 30 I will sing praises to God’s name! I will magnify him as I give him thanks! 31 That will please the LORD more than an ox or a bull with horns and hooves. 32 The oppressed look on– let them rejoice! You who seek God, may you be encouraged! 33 For the LORD listens to the needy; he does not despise his captive people. 34 Let the heavens and the earth praise him, along with the seas and everything that swims in them! 35 For God will deliver Zion and rebuild the cities of Judah, and his people will again live in them and possess Zion. 36 The descendants of his servants will inherit it, and those who are loyal to him will live in it.
• Ps 88:1-9 : 1 A song, a psalm written by the Korahites; for the music director; according to the machalath-leannoth style; a well-written song by Heman the Ezrachite. O LORD God who delivers me! By day I cry out and at night I pray before you. 2 Listen to my prayer! Pay attention to my cry for help! 3 For my life is filled with troubles and I am ready to enter Sheol. 4 They treat me like those who descend into the grave. I am like a helpless man, 5 adrift among the dead, like corpses lying in the grave, whom you remember no more, and who are cut off from your power. 6 You place me in the lowest regions of the Pit, in the dark places, in the watery depths. 7 Your anger bears down on me, and you overwhelm me with all your waves.(Selah) 8 You cause those who know me to keep their distance; you make me an appalling sight to them. I am trapped and cannot get free. 9 My eyes grow weak because of oppression. I call out to you, O LORD, all day long; I spread out my hands in prayer to you. 10 Do you accomplish amazing things for the dead? Do the departed spirits rise up and give you thanks?(Selah) 11 Is your loyal love proclaimed in the grave, or your faithfulness in the place of the dead? 12 Are your amazing deeds experienced in the dark region, or your deliverance in the land of oblivion? 13 As for me, I cry out to you, O LORD; in the morning my prayer confronts you. 14 O LORD, why do you reject me, and pay no attention to me? 15 I am oppressed and have been on the verge of death since my youth. I have been subjected to your horrors and am numb with pain. 16 Your anger overwhelms me; your terrors destroy me. 17 They surround me like water all day long; they join forces and encircle me. 18 You cause my friends and neighbors to keep their distance; those who know me leave me alone in the darkness.
• Ps 110:1-6 : 1 A psalm of David. Here is the LORD’s proclamation to my lord:“Sit down at my right hand until I make your enemies your footstool!” 2 The LORD extends your dominion from Zion. Rule in the midst of your enemies! 3 Your people willingly follow you when you go into battle. On the holy hills at sunrise the dew of your youth belongs to you. 4 The LORD makes this promise on oath and will not revoke it:“You are an eternal priest after the pattern of Melchizedek.” 5 O Lord, at your right hand he strikes down kings in the day he unleashes his anger. 6 He executes judgment against the nations; he fills the valleys with corpses; he shatters their heads over the vast battlefield.
• Isa 9:6-7 : 6 For a child has been born to us, a son has been given to us. He shoulders responsibility and is called: Amazing Adviser, Mighty God, Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace. 7 His dominion will be vast and he will bring immeasurable prosperity. He will rule on David’s throne and over David’s kingdom, establishing it and strengthening it by promoting justice and fairness, from this time forward and forevermore. The zeal of the LORD of Heaven’s Armies will accomplish this.
• Isa 49:6 : 6 he says,“Is it too insignificant a task for you to be my servant, to reestablish the tribes of Jacob, and restore the remnant of Israel? I will make you a light to the nations, so you can bring my deliverance to the remote regions of the earth.”
• Dan 2:34-35 : 34 You were watching as a stone was cut out, but not by human hands. It struck the statue on its iron and clay feet, breaking them in pieces. 35 Then the iron, clay, bronze, silver, and gold were broken in pieces without distinction and became like chaff from the summer threshing floors that the wind carries away. Not a trace of them could be found. But the stone that struck the statue became a large mountain that filled the entire earth.
• Dan 2:44 : 44 In the days of those kings the God of heaven will raise up an everlasting kingdom that will not be destroyed and a kingdom that will not be left to another people. It will break in pieces and bring about the demise of all these kingdoms. But it will stand forever.
• Dan 7:13-14 : 13 I was watching in the night visions,“And with the clouds of the sky one like a son of man was approaching. He went up to the Ancient of Days and was escorted before him. 14 To him was given ruling authority, honor, and sovereignty. All peoples, nations, and language groups were serving him. His authority is eternal and will not pass away. His kingdom will not be destroyed.
• Gal 4:6 : 6 And because you are sons, God sent the Spirit of his Son into our hearts, who calls“Abba! Father!”
• 1 Pet 3:18-19 : 18 Because Christ also suffered once for sins, the just for the unjust, to bring you to God, by being put to death in the flesh but by being made alive in the spirit. 19 In it he went and preached to the spirits in prison,
• Rev 19:10 : 10 So I threw myself down at his feet to worship him, but he said,“Do not do this! I am only a fellow servant with you and your brothers and sisters who hold to the testimony about Jesus. Worship God, for the testimony about Jesus is the spirit of prophecy.”