2 Timothy 4:1

NET Bible® (New English Translation)

Charge to Timothy Repeated I solemnly charge you before God and Christ Jesus, who is going to judge the living and the dead, and by his appearing and his kingdom:

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

Διαμαρτύρομαι οὖν ἐγὼ ἐνώπιον τοῦ Θεοῦ, καὶ τοῦ Κυρίου Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, τοῦ μέλλοντος κρίνειν ζῶντας καὶ νεκρούς κατὰ τὴν ἐπιφάνειαν αὐτοῦ καὶ τὴν βασιλείαν αὐτοῦ·

Transliteration

Diamartyromai oun egō enōpion of the Theou, and of the Kyriou Iēsou Christou, the mellontos krinein zōntas and nekrous kata the epiphaneian of him and the basileian of him

Grammar Details

• *Diamartyromai*: present indicative middle/passive, 1st person singular - I solemnly charge/testify
• *oun*: inferential conjunction - therefore/then
• *egō*: personal pronoun, nominative singular - I/myself (emphatic)
• *enōpion*: preposition + genitive - before/in the presence of
• *Theou*: noun, genitive masculine singular - of God
• *Kyriou*: noun, genitive masculine singular - of Lord
• *Iēsou*: noun, genitive masculine singular - of Jesus
• *Christou*: noun, genitive masculine singular - of Christ/Messiah
• *mellontos*: participle, present active, genitive masculine singular - who is about to/going to
• *krinein*: infinitive, present active - to judge
• *zōntas*: participle, present active, accusative masculine plural - living ones
• *nekrous*: adjective used as noun, accusative masculine plural - dead ones
• *kata*: preposition + accusative - according to/at
• *epiphaneian*: noun, accusative feminine singular - appearing/manifestation
• *basileian*: noun, accusative feminine singular - kingdom/reign

Word Meanings

• *Diamartyromai*: solemnly testify/charge/adjure
• *enōpion*: before/in the presence of/in the sight of
• *mellontos*: who is about to/who is going to/intending to
• *epiphaneian*: appearing/manifestation/visible presence
• *basileian*: kingdom/reign/royal power

Referenced Verses

• Acts 10:42 : 42 He commanded us to preach to the people and to warn them that he is the one appointed by God as judge of the living and the dead.
• 1 Tim 5:21 : 21 Before God and Christ Jesus and the elect angels, I solemnly charge you to carry out these commands without prejudice or favoritism of any kind.
• Matt 16:27 : 27 For the Son of Man will come with his angels in the glory of his Father, and then he will reward each person according to what he has done.
• 2 Tim 2:14 : 14 Dealing with False Teachers Remind people of these things and solemnly charge them before the Lord not to wrangle over words. This is of no benefit; it just brings ruin on those who listen.
• 2 Tim 4:8 : 8 Finally the crown of righteousness is reserved for me. The Lord, the righteous Judge, will award it to me in that day– and not to me only, but also to all who have set their affection on his appearing.
• Titus 2:13 : 13 as we wait for the happy fulfillment of our hope in the glorious appearing of our great God and Savior, Jesus Christ.
• Heb 9:27-28 : 27 And just as people are appointed to die once, and then to face judgment, 28 so also, after Christ was offered once to bear the sins of many, to those who eagerly await him he will appear a second time, not to bear sin but to bring salvation.
• 1 Pet 4:5 : 5 They will face a reckoning before Jesus Christ who stands ready to judge the living and the dead.
• Rev 20:11-15 : 11 The Great White Throne Then I saw a large white throne and the one who was seated on it; the earth and the heaven fled from his presence, and no place was found for them. 12 And I saw the dead, the great and the small, standing before the throne. Then books were opened, and another book was opened– the book of life. So the dead were judged by what was written in the books, according to their deeds. 13 The sea gave up the dead that were in it, and Death and Hades gave up the dead that were in them, and each one was judged according to his deeds. 14 Then Death and Hades were thrown into the lake of fire. This is the second death– the lake of fire. 15 If anyone’s name was not found written in the book of life, that person was thrown into the lake of fire.
• 1 Pet 5:4 : 4 Then when the Chief Shepherd appears, you will receive the crown of glory that never fades away.
• 2 Pet 1:11 : 11 For thus an entrance into the eternal kingdom of our Lord and Savior, Jesus Christ, will be richly provided for you.
• 2 Pet 1:17 : 17 For he received honor and glory from God the Father, when that voice was conveyed to him by the Majestic Glory:“This is my dear Son, in whom I am delighted.”
• 1 John 2:28 : 28 Children of God And now, little children, remain in him, so that when he appears we may have confidence and not shrink away from him in shame when he comes back.
• Rev 1:7 : 7 (Look! He is returning with the clouds, and every eye will see him, even those who pierced him, and all the tribes on the earth will mourn because of him. This will certainly come to pass! Amen.)
• 1 Pet 1:7 : 7 Such trials show the proven character of your faith, which is much more valuable than gold– gold that is tested by fire, even though it is passing away– and will bring praise and glory and honor when Jesus Christ is revealed.
• Matt 25:31-46 : 31 The Judgment“When the Son of Man comes in his glory and all the angels with him, then he will sit on his glorious throne. 32 All the nations will be assembled before him, and he will separate people one from another like a shepherd separates the sheep from the goats. 33 He will put the sheep on his right and the goats on his left. 34 Then the king will say to those on his right,‘Come, you who are blessed by my Father, inherit the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world. 35 For I was hungry and you gave me food, I was thirsty and you gave me something to drink, I was a stranger and you invited me in, 36 I was naked and you gave me clothing, I was sick and you took care of me, I was in prison and you visited me.’ 37 Then the righteous will answer him,‘Lord, when did we see you hungry and feed you, or thirsty and give you something to drink? 38 When did we see you a stranger and invite you in, or naked and clothe you? 39 When did we see you sick or in prison and visit you?’ 40 And the king will answer them,‘I tell you the truth, just as you did it for one of the least of these brothers or sisters of mine, you did it for me.’ 41 “Then he will say to those on his left,‘Depart from me, you accursed, into the eternal fire that has been prepared for the devil and his angels! 42 For I was hungry and you gave me nothing to eat, I was thirsty and you gave me nothing to drink. 43 I was a stranger and you did not receive me as a guest, naked and you did not clothe me, sick and in prison and you did not visit me.’ 44 Then they too will answer,‘Lord, when did we see you hungry or thirsty or a stranger or naked or sick or in prison, and did not give you whatever you needed?’ 45 Then he will answer them,‘I tell you the truth, just as you did not do it for one of the least of these, you did not do it for me.’ 46 And these will depart into eternal punishment, but the righteous into eternal life.”
• Luke 19:12 : 12 Therefore he said,“A nobleman went to a distant country to receive for himself a kingdom and then return.
• Luke 19:15 : 15 When he returned after receiving the kingdom, he summoned these slaves to whom he had given the money. He wanted to know how much they had earned by trading.
• Luke 23:42 : 42 Then he said,“Jesus, remember me when you come in your kingdom.”
• John 5:22-27 : 22 Furthermore, the Father does not judge anyone, but has assigned all judgment to the Son, 23 so that all people will honor the Son just as they honor the Father. The one who does not honor the Son does not honor the Father who sent him. 24 “I tell you the solemn truth, the one who hears my message and believes the one who sent me has eternal life and will not be condemned, but has crossed over from death to life. 25 I tell you the solemn truth, a time is coming– and is now here– when the dead will hear the voice of the Son of God, and those who hear will live. 26 For just as the Father has life in himself, thus he has granted the Son to have life in himself, 27 and he has granted the Son authority to execute judgment, because he is the Son of Man.
• 1 Tim 6:13-14 : 13 I charge you before God who gives life to all things and Christ Jesus who made his good confession before Pontius Pilate, 14 to obey this command without fault or failure until the appearing of our Lord Jesus Christ
• Ps 50:6 : 6 The heavens declare his fairness, for God is judge.(Selah)
• Ps 96:13 : 13 before the LORD, for he comes! For he comes to judge the earth! He judges the world fairly, and the nations in accordance with his justice.
• Ps 98:9 : 9 before the LORD! For he comes to judge the earth! He judges the world fairly, and the nations in a just manner.
• Acts 17:31 : 31 because he has set a day on which he is going to judge the world in righteousness, by a man whom he designated, having provided proof to everyone by raising him from the dead.”
• Rom 2:16 : 16 on the day when God will judge the secrets of human hearts, according to my gospel through Christ Jesus.
• Rom 14:9-9 : 9 For this reason Christ died and returned to life, so that he may be the Lord of both the dead and the living. 10 But you who eat vegetables only– why do you judge your brother or sister? And you who eat everything– why do you despise your brother or sister? For we will all stand before the judgment seat of God. 11 For it is written,“As I live, says the Lord, every knee will bow to me, and every tongue will give praise to God.”
• 1 Cor 4:4-5 : 4 For I am not aware of anything against myself, but I am not acquitted because of this. The one who judges me is the Lord. 5 So then, do not judge anything before the time. Wait until the Lord comes. He will bring to light the hidden things of darkness and reveal the motives of hearts. Then each will receive recognition from God.
• 2 Cor 5:9-9 : 9 So then whether we are alive or away, we make it our ambition to please him. 10 For we must all appear before the judgment seat of Christ, so that each one may be paid back according to what he has done while in the body, whether good or evil.
• Col 3:4 : 4 When Christ(who is your life) appears, then you too will be revealed in glory with him.
• 1 Thess 4:15-16 : 15 For we tell you this by the word of the Lord, that we who are alive, who are left until the coming of the Lord, will surely not go ahead of those who have fallen asleep. 16 For the Lord himself will come down from heaven with a shout of command, with the voice of the archangel, and with the trumpet of God, and the dead in Christ will rise first.
• 2 Thess 1:7-9 : 7 and to you who are being afflicted to give rest together with us when the Lord Jesus is revealed from heaven with his mighty angels. 8 With flaming fire he will mete out punishment on those who do not know God and do not obey the gospel of our Lord Jesus. 9 They will undergo the penalty of eternal destruction, away from the presence of the Lord and from the glory of his strength, 10 when he comes to be glorified among his saints and admired on that day among all who have believed– and you did in fact believe our testimony.
• 2 Thess 2:8 : 8 and then the lawless one will be revealed, whom the Lord will destroy by the breath of his mouth and wipe out by the manifestation of his arrival.