Ezekiel 29:2

NET Bible® (New English Translation)

“Son of man, turn toward Pharaoh king of Egypt, and prophesy against him and against all Egypt.

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

בֶּן־אָדָ֕ם שִׂ֣ים פָּנֶ֔יךָ עַל־פַּרְעֹ֖ה מֶ֣לֶךְ מִצְרָ֑יִם וְהִנָּבֵ֣א עָלָ֔יו וְעַל־מִצְרַ֖יִם כֻּלָּֽהּ

Transliteration

ben-ʾādām śîm pāneḵā upon-parʿōh meleḵ miṣrāyim wə-hinnāḇēʾ upon him wə-upon-miṣrayim all of her

Grammar Details

• *ben-ʾādām*: construct phrase - son of man/human
• *śîm*: verb, qal imperative, masculine singular - set/place
• *pāneḵā*: noun, masculine plural construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your face/presence
• *parʿōh*: proper noun - Pharaoh
• *meleḵ*: noun, masculine singular construct - king of
• *miṣrāyim*: proper noun - Egypt
• *wə-hinnāḇēʾ*: conjunction + verb, niphal imperative, masculine singular - and prophesy
• *wə*: conjunction - and

Word Meanings

• *śîm pāneḵā*: set your face/direct your attention/turn toward
• *hinnāḇēʾ*: prophesy/speak as a prophet/proclaim

Referenced Verses

• Ezek 6:2 : 2 “Son of man, turn toward the mountains of Israel and prophesy against them:
• Jer 44:30 : 30 I, the LORD, promise that I will hand Pharaoh Hophra king of Egypt over to his enemies who are seeking to kill him. I will do that just as surely as I handed King Zedekiah of Judah over to King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon, his enemy who was seeking to kill him.’”
• Jer 46:2-9 : 2 The Prophecy about Egypt’s Defeat at Carchemish He spoke about Egypt and the army of Pharaoh Necho king of Egypt which was encamped along the Euphrates River at Carchemish. Now this was the army that King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon defeated in the fourth year that Jehoiakim son of Josiah was ruling over Judah. 3 “Fall into ranks with your shields ready! Prepare to march into battle! 4 Harness the horses to the chariots! Mount your horses! Take your positions with helmets on! Ready your spears! Put on the armor! 5 “What do I see! The soldiers are frightened. They are retreating. They are being scattered. They have fled for refuge without looking back. Terror is all around them,” says the LORD. 6 But even the swiftest cannot get away. Even the strongest cannot escape. There in the north by the Euphrates River they have stumbled and fallen in defeat. 7 Who is this that rises like the Nile, like its streams turbulent at flood stage? 8 Egypt rises like the Nile, like its streams turbulent at flood stage. Egypt said,‘I will arise and cover the earth. I will destroy cities and the people who inhabit them.’ 9 Go ahead and charge into battle, you horsemen! Drive furiously, you charioteers! Let the soldiers march out into battle, those from Ethiopia and Libya who carry shields, and those from Lydia who are armed with the bow. 10 But that day belongs to the Sovereign LORD of Heaven’s Armies. It is a day of reckoning, when he will pay back his adversaries. His sword will devour them until its appetite is satisfied! It will drink its fill from their blood! Indeed it will be a sacrifice for the Sovereign LORD of Heaven’s Armies in the land of the north by the Euphrates River. 11 Go up to Gilead and get medicinal ointment, you dear poor people of Egypt. But it will prove useless no matter how much medicine you use; there will be no healing for you. 12 The nations have heard of your shameful defeat. Your cries of distress fill the earth. One soldier has stumbled over another and both of them have fallen down defeated.” 13 The Lord Predicts that Nebuchadnezzar Will Attack and Plunder Egypt The LORD spoke to the prophet Jeremiah about Nebuchadnezzar coming to attack the land of Egypt. 14 “Make an announcement throughout Egypt. Proclaim it in Migdol, Memphis, and Tahpanhes.‘Take your positions and prepare to do battle. For the enemy army is destroying all the nations around you.’ 15 Why will your soldiers be defeated? They will not stand because I, the LORD, will thrust them down. 16 I will make many stumble. They will fall over one another in their hurry to flee. They will say,‘Get up! Let’s go back to our own people. Let’s go back to our homelands because the enemy is coming to destroy us.’
• Isa 18:1-19:17 : 1 The Lord Will Judge a Distant Land in the South Beware, land of buzzing wings, the one beyond the rivers of Cush, 2 that sends messengers by sea, who glide over the water’s surface in boats made of papyrus. Go, you swift messengers, to a nation of tall, smooth-skinned people, to a people that are feared far and wide, to a nation strong and victorious, whose land rivers divide. 3 All you who live in the world, who reside on the earth, you will see a signal flag raised on the mountains; you will hear a trumpet being blown. 4 For this is what the LORD has told me:“I will wait and watch from my place, like scorching heat produced by the sunlight, like a cloud of mist in the heat of harvest.” 5 For before the harvest, when the bud has sprouted, and the ripening fruit appears, he will cut off the unproductive shoots with pruning knives; he will prune the tendrils. 6 They will all be left for the birds of the hills and the wild animals; the birds will eat them during the summer, and all the wild animals will eat them during the winter. 7 At that time tribute will be brought to the LORD of Heaven’s Armies, by a people that are tall and smooth-skinned, a people that are feared far and wide, a nation strong and victorious, whose land rivers divide. The tribute will be brought to the place where the LORD of Heaven’s Armies has chosen to reside, on Mount Zion. 1 The Lord Will Judge Egypt This is an oracle about Egypt: Look, the LORD rides on a swift-moving cloud and approaches Egypt. The idols of Egypt tremble before him; the Egyptians lose their courage. 2 “I will provoke civil strife in Egypt, brothers will fight with each other, as will neighbors, cities, and kingdoms. 3 The Egyptians will panic, and I will confuse their strategy. They will seek guidance from the idols and from the spirits of the dead, from the pits used to conjure up underworld spirits, and from the magicians. 4 I will hand Egypt over to a harsh master; a powerful king will rule over them,” says the Sovereign LORD of Heaven’s Armies. 5 The water of the sea will be dried up, and the river will dry up and be empty. 6 The canals will stink; the streams of Egypt will trickle and then dry up; the bulrushes and reeds will decay, 7 along with the plants by the mouth of the river. All the cultivated land near the river will turn to dust and be blown away. 8 The fishermen will mourn and lament, all those who cast a fishhook into the river, and those who spread out a net on the water’s surface will grieve. 9 Those who make clothes from combed flax will be embarrassed; those who weave will turn pale. 10 Those who make cloth will be demoralized; all the hired workers will be depressed. 11 The officials of Zoan are nothing but fools; Pharaoh’s wise advisers give stupid advice. How dare you say to Pharaoh,“I am one of the sages, one well-versed in the writings of the ancient kings?” 12 But where, oh where, are your wise men? Let them tell you, let them find out what the LORD of Heaven’s Armies has planned for Egypt. 13 The officials of Zoan are fools, the officials of Memphis are misled; the rulers of her tribes lead Egypt astray. 14 The LORD has made them undiscerning; they lead Egypt astray in all she does, so that she is like a drunk sliding around in his own vomit. 15 Egypt will not be able to do a thing, head or tail, shoots or stalk. 16 At that time the Egyptians will be like women. They will tremble and fear because the LORD of Heaven’s Armies brandishes his fist against them. 17 The land of Judah will humiliate Egypt. Everyone who hears about Judah will be afraid because of what the LORD of Heaven’s Armies is planning to do to them.
• Isa 20:1-6 : 1 The LORD revealed the following message during the year in which King Sargon of Assyria sent his commanding general to Ashdod, and he fought against it and captured it. 2 At that time the LORD announced through Isaiah son of Amoz:“Go, remove the sackcloth from your waist and take your sandals off your feet.” He did as instructed and walked around in undergarments and barefoot. 3 Later the LORD explained,“In the same way that my servant Isaiah has walked around in undergarments and barefoot for the past three years, as an object lesson and omen pertaining to Egypt and Cush, 4 so the king of Assyria will lead away the captives of Egypt and the exiles of Cush, both young and old. They will be in undergarments and barefoot, with the buttocks exposed; the Egyptians will be publicly humiliated. 5 Those who put their hope in Cush and took pride in Egypt will be afraid and embarrassed. 6 At that time those who live on this coast will say,‘Look what has happened to our source of hope to whom we fled for help, expecting to be rescued from the king of Assyria! How can we escape now?’”
• Jer 9:25-26 : 25 The LORD says,“Watch out! The time is soon coming when I will punish all those who are circumcised only in the flesh. 26 That is, I will punish the Egyptians, the Judeans, the Edomites, the Ammonites, the Moabites, and all the desert people who cut their hair short at the temples. I will do so because none of the people of those nations are really circumcised in the LORD’s sight. Moreover, none of the people of Israel are circumcised when it comes to their hearts.”
• Jer 25:18-19 : 18 I made Jerusalem and the cities of Judah, its kings and its officials drink it. I did it so Judah would become a ruin. I did it so Judah, its kings, and its officials would become an object of horror and of hissing scorn, an example used in curses. Such is already becoming the case! 19 I made all of these other people drink it: Pharaoh, king of Egypt; his attendants, his officials, his people,
• Jer 43:8-9 : 8 Jeremiah Predicts that Nebuchadnezzar Will Plunder Egypt and Its Gods At Tahpanhes the LORD’s message came to Jeremiah. 9 “Take some large stones and bury them in the mortar of the clay pavement at the entrance of Pharaoh’s residence here in Tahpanhes. Do it while the people of Judah present there are watching. 10 Then tell them,‘The LORD of Heaven’s Armies, the God of Israel says,“I will bring my servant King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon. I will set his throne over these stones which I have buried. He will pitch his royal tent over them. 11 He will come and attack Egypt. Those who are destined to die of disease will die of disease. Those who are destined to be carried off into exile will be carried off into exile. Those who are destined to die in war will die in war. 12 He will set fire to the temples of the gods of Egypt. He will burn their gods or carry them off as captives. He will pick Egypt clean like a shepherd picks the lice from his clothing. He will leave there unharmed. 13 He will demolish the sacred pillars in the temple of the sun in Egypt and will burn down the temples of the gods of Egypt.”’”
• Ezek 20:46 : 46 “Son of man, turn toward the south, and speak out against the south. Prophesy against the open scrub land of the Negev,
• Ezek 21:2 : 2 “Son of man, turn toward Jerusalem and speak out against the sanctuaries. Prophesy against the land of Israel
• Ezek 25:2 : 2 “Son of man, turn toward the Ammonites and prophesy against them.
• Ezek 28:21-22 : 21 “Son of man, turn toward Sidon and prophesy against it. 22 Say,‘This is what the Sovereign LORD says:“‘Look, I am against you, Sidon, and I will magnify myself in your midst. Then they will know that I am the LORD when I execute judgments on her and reveal my sovereign power in her.
• Ezek 30:1-32:32 : 1 A Lament Over Egypt The LORD’s message came to me: 2 “Son of man, prophesy and say,‘This is what the Sovereign LORD says:“‘Wail,“Alas, the day is here!” 3 For the day is near, the day of the LORD is near; it will be a day of storm clouds, it will be a time of judgment for the nations. 4 A sword will come against Egypt and panic will overtake Ethiopia when the slain fall in Egypt and they carry away her wealth and dismantle her foundations. 5 Ethiopia, Put, Lud, all the foreigners, Libya, and the people of the covenant land will die by the sword along with them. 6 “‘This is what the LORD says: Egypt’s supporters will fall; her confident pride will crumble. From Migdol to Syene they will die by the sword within her, declares the Sovereign LORD. 7 They will be desolate among desolate lands, and their cities will be among ruined cities. 8 They will know that I am the LORD when I ignite a fire in Egypt and all her allies are defeated. 9 On that day messengers will go out from me in ships to frighten overly confident Ethiopia; panic will overtake them on the day of Egypt’s doom; for beware– it is coming! 10 “‘This is what the Sovereign LORD says: I will put an end to the hordes of Egypt, by the hand of King Nebuchadrezzar of Babylon. 11 He and his people with him, the most terrifying of the nations, will be brought there to destroy the land. They will draw their swords against Egypt, and fill the land with corpses. 12 I will dry up the waterways and hand the land over to evil men. I will make the land and everything in it desolate by the hand of foreigners. I, the LORD, have spoken! 13 “‘This is what the Sovereign LORD says: I will destroy the idols, and put an end to the gods of Memphis. There will no longer be a prince from the land of Egypt; so I will make the land of Egypt fearful. 14 I will desolate Pathros, I will ignite a fire in Zoan, and I will execute judgments on Thebes. 15 I will pour out my anger upon Pelusium, the stronghold of Egypt; I will cut off the hordes of Thebes. 16 I will ignite a fire in Egypt; Syene will writhe in agony, Thebes will be broken down, and Memphis will face enemies every day. 17 The young men of On and of Pi-beseth will die by the sword; and the cities will go into captivity. 18 In Tahpanhes the day will be dark when I break the yoke of Egypt there. Her confident pride will cease within her; a cloud will cover her, and her daughters will go into captivity. 19 I will execute judgments on Egypt. Then they will know that I am the LORD.’” 20 In the eleventh year, in the first month, on the seventh day of the month, the LORD’s message came to me: 21 “Son of man, I have broken the arm of Pharaoh king of Egypt. Look, it has not been bandaged for healing or set with a dressing so that it might become strong enough to grasp a sword. 22 Therefore this is what the Sovereign LORD says: Look, I am against Pharaoh king of Egypt, and I will break his arms, the strong arm and the broken one, and I will make the sword drop from his hand. 23 I will scatter the Egyptians among the nations, and disperse them among foreign countries. 24 I will strengthen the arms of the king of Babylon, and I will place my sword in his hand, but I will break the arms of Pharaoh, and he will groan like the fatally wounded before the king of Babylon. 25 I will strengthen the arms of the king of Babylon, but the arms of Pharaoh will fall limp. Then they will know that I am the LORD when I place my sword in the hand of the king of Babylon and he extends it against the land of Egypt. 26 I will scatter the Egyptians among the nations and disperse them among foreign countries. Then they will know that I am the LORD.” 1 A Cedar in Lebanon In the eleventh year, in the third month, on the first day of the month, the LORD’s message came to me: 2 “Son of man, say to Pharaoh king of Egypt and his hordes:“‘Who are you like in your greatness? 3 Consider Assyria, a cedar in Lebanon, with beautiful branches, like a forest giving shade, and extremely tall; its top reached into the clouds. 4 The water made it grow; underground springs made it grow tall. Rivers flowed all around the place it was planted, while smaller channels watered all the trees of the field. 5 Therefore it grew taller than all the trees of the field; its boughs grew large and its branches grew long, because of the plentiful water in its shoots. 6 All the birds of the sky nested in its boughs; under its branches all the beasts of the field gave birth, in its shade all the great nations lived. 7 It was beautiful in its loftiness, in the length of its branches; for its roots went down deep to plentiful waters. 8 The cedars in the garden of God could not eclipse it, nor could the fir trees match its boughs; the plane trees were as nothing compared to its branches; no tree in the garden of God could rival its beauty. 9 I made it beautiful with its many branches; all the trees of Eden, in the garden of God, envied it. 10 “‘Therefore this is what the Sovereign LORD says: Because it was tall in stature, and its top reached into the clouds, and it was proud of its height, 11 I gave it over to the leader of the nations. He has judged it thoroughly, as its sinfulness deserves. I have thrown it out. 12 Foreigners from the most terrifying nations have cut it down and left it to lie there on the mountains. In all the valleys its branches have fallen, and its boughs lie broken in the ravines of the land. All the peoples of the land have departed from its shade and left it. 13 On its ruins all the birds of the sky will live, and all the wild animals will walk on its branches. 14 For this reason no watered trees will grow so tall; their tops will not reach into the clouds, nor will the well-watered ones grow that high. For all of them have been appointed to die in the lower parts of the earth; they will be among mere mortals, with those who descend to the Pit. 15 “‘This is what the Sovereign LORD says: On the day it went down to Sheol I caused observers to lament. I covered it with the deep and held back its rivers; its plentiful water was restrained. I clothed Lebanon in black for it, and all the trees of the field wilted because of it. 16 I made the nations shake at the sound of its fall, when I threw it down to Sheol, along with those who descend to the Pit. Then all the trees of Eden, the choicest and the best of Lebanon, all that were well-watered, were comforted in the earth below. 17 Those who lived in its shade, its allies among the nations, also went down with it to Sheol, to those killed by the sword. 18 Which of the trees of Eden was like you in majesty and loftiness? You will be brought down with the trees of Eden to the lower parts of the earth; you will lie among the uncircumcised, with those killed by the sword! This is what will happen to Pharaoh and all his hordes, declares the Sovereign LORD.’” 1 Lamentation over Pharaoh and Egypt In the twelfth year, in the twelfth month, on the first of the month, the LORD’s message came to me: 2 “Son of man, sing a lament for Pharaoh king of Egypt, and say to him:“‘You were like a lion among the nations, but you are a monster in the seas; you thrash about in your streams, stir up the water with your feet, and muddy your streams. 3 “‘This is what the Sovereign LORD says:“‘I will throw my net over you in the assembly of many peoples; and they will haul you up in my dragnet. 4 I will leave you on the ground, I will fling you on the open field, I will allow all the birds of the sky to settle on you, and I will permit all the wild animals to gorge themselves on you. 5 I will put your flesh on the mountains, and fill the valleys with your maggot-infested carcass. 6 I will drench the land with the flow of your blood up to the mountains, and the ravines will be full of your blood. 7 When I extinguish you, I will cover the sky; I will darken its stars. I will cover the sun with a cloud, and the moon will not shine. 8 I will darken all the lights in the sky over you, and I will darken your land, declares the Sovereign LORD. 9 I will disturb many peoples, when I bring about your destruction among the nations, among countries you do not know. 10 I will shock many peoples with you, and their kings will shiver with horror because of you. When I brandish my sword before them, every moment each one will tremble for his life, on the day of your fall. 11 “‘For this is what the Sovereign LORD says:“‘The sword of the king of Babylon will attack you. 12 By the swords of the mighty warriors I will cause your hordes to fall– all of them are the most terrifying among the nations. They will devastate the pride of Egypt, and all its hordes will be destroyed. 13 I will destroy all its cattle beside the plentiful waters; and no human foot will disturb the waters again, nor will the hooves of cattle disturb them. 14 Then I will make their waters calm, and will make their streams flow like olive oil, declares the Sovereign LORD. 15 When I turn the land of Egypt into desolation and the land is destitute of everything that fills it, when I strike all those who live in it, then they will know that I am the LORD.’ 16 This is a lament; they will chant it. The daughters of the nations will chant it. They will chant it over Egypt and over all her hordes, declares the Sovereign LORD.” 17 In the twelfth year, on the fifteenth day of the month, the LORD’s message came to me: 18 “Son of man, wail over the horde of Egypt. Bring it down; bring her and the daughters of powerful nations down to the lower parts of the earth, along with those who descend to the Pit. 19 Say to them,‘Whom do you surpass in beauty? Go down and be laid to rest with the uncircumcised!’ 20 They will fall among those killed by the sword. The sword is drawn; they carry her and all her hordes away. 21 The bravest of the warriors will speak to him from the midst of Sheol along with his allies, saying:‘The uncircumcised have come down; they lie still, killed by the sword.’ 22 “Assyria is there with all her assembly around her grave, all of them struck down by the sword. 23 Their graves are located in the remote slopes of the Pit. Her assembly is around her grave, all of them struck down by the sword, those who spread terror in the land of the living. 24 “Elam is there with all her hordes around her grave; all of them struck down by the sword. They went down uncircumcised to the lower parts of the earth, those who spread terror in the land of the living. Now they will bear their shame with those who descend to the Pit. 25 Among the dead they have made a bed for her, along with all her hordes around her grave. All of them are uncircumcised, killed by the sword, for their terror had spread in the land of the living. They bear their shame along with those who descend to the Pit; they are placed among the dead. 26 “Meshech-Tubal is there, along with all her hordes around her grave. All of them are uncircumcised, killed by the sword, for they spread their terror in the land of the living. 27 They do not lie with the fallen warriors of ancient times, who went down to Sheol with their weapons of war, having their swords placed under their heads and their shields on their bones, when the terror of these warriors was in the land of the living. 28 “But as for you, in the midst of the uncircumcised you will be broken, and you will lie with those killed by the sword. 29 “Edom is there with her kings and all her princes. Despite their might they are laid with those killed by the sword; they lie with the uncircumcised and those who descend to the Pit. 30 “All the leaders of the north are there, along with all the Sidonians; despite their might they have gone down in shameful terror with the dead. They lie uncircumcised with those killed by the sword, and bear their shame with those who descend to the Pit. 31 “Pharaoh will see them and be consoled over all his hordes who were killed by the sword, Pharaoh and all his army, declares the Sovereign LORD. 32 Indeed, I terrified him in the land of the living, yet he will lie in the midst of the uncircumcised with those killed by the sword, Pharaoh and all his hordes, declares the Sovereign LORD.”
• Joel 3:19 : 19 Egypt will be desolate and Edom will be a desolate wilderness, because of the violence they did to the people of Judah, in whose land they shed innocent blood.
• Zech 14:18-19 : 18 If the Egyptians will not do so, they will get no rain– instead there will be the kind of plague which the LORD inflicts on any nations that do not go up to celebrate the Feast of Shelters. 19 This will be the punishment of Egypt and of all nations that do not go up to celebrate the Feast of Shelters.